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The Mahabharata
^«/4 •m ^1 m^m^ The original of tiiis book is in tine Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924071123131 ) THE MAHABHARATA OF KlUSHNA-DWAIPAYANA VTASA TRANSLATED INTO ENGLISH PROSE. Published and distributed, chiefly gratis, BY PROTSP CHANDRA EOY. BHISHMA PARVA. CALCUTTA i BHiRATA PRESS. No, 1, Raja Gooroo Dass' Stbeet, Beadon Square, 1887. ( The righi of trmsMm is resem^. NOTICE. Having completed the Udyoga Parva I enter the Bhishma. The preparations being completed, the battle must begin. But how dan- gerous is the prospect ahead ? How many of those that were counted on the eve of the terrible conflict lived to see the overthrow of the great Knru captain ? To a KsJtatriya warrior, however, the fiercest in- cidents of battle, instead of being appalling, served only as tests of bravery that opened Heaven's gates to him. It was this belief that supported the most insignificant of combatants fighting on foot when they rushed against Bhishma, presenting their breasts to the celestial weapons shot by him, like insects rushing on a blazing fire. I am not a Kshatriya. The prespect of battle, therefore, cannot be unappalling or welcome to me. On the other hand, I frankly own that it is appall- ing. If I receive support, that support may encourage me. I am no Garuda that I would spurn the strength of number* when battling against difficulties. I am no Arjuna conscious of superhuman energy and aided by Kecava himself so that I may eHcounter any odds. -
Introduction to BI-Tagavad-Gita
TEAcI-tER'S GuidE TO INTROduCTioN TO BI-tAGAVAd-GiTA (DAModAR CLASS) INTROduCTioN TO BHAqAVAd-qiTA Compiled by: Tapasvini devi dasi Hare Krishna Sunday School Program is sponsored by: ISKCON Foundation Contents Chapter Page Introduction 1 1. History ofthe Kuru Dynasty 3 2. Birth ofthe Pandavas 10 3. The Pandavas Move to Hastinapura 16 4. Indraprastha 22 5. Life in Exile 29 6. Preparing for Battle 34 7. Quiz 41 Crossword Puzzle Answer Key 45 Worksheets 46 9ntroduction "Introduction to Bhagavad Gita" is a session that deals with the history ofthe Pandavas. It is not meant to be a study ofthe Mahabharat. That could be studied for an entire year or more. This booklet is limited to the important events which led up to the battle ofKurlLkshetra. We speak often in our classes ofKrishna and the Bhagavad Gita and the Battle ofKurukshetra. But for the new student, or student llnfamiliar with the history ofthe Pandavas, these topics don't have much significance ifthey fail to understand the reasons behind the Bhagavad Gita being spoken (on a battlefield, yet!). This session will provide the background needed for children to go on to explore the teachulgs ofBhagavad Gita. You may have a classroonl filled with childrel1 who know these events well. Or you may have a class who has never heard ofthe Pandavas. You will likely have some ofeach. The way you teach your class should be determined from what the children already know. Students familiar with Mahabharat can absorb many more details and adventures. Young children and children new to the subject should learn the basics well. -
Kerngeschichte Des Mahabharatas
www.hindumythen.de Buch 1 Adi Parva Das Buch von den Anfängen Buch 2 Sabha Parva Das Buch von der Versammlungshalle Buch 3 Vana Parva Das Buch vom Wald Buch 4 Virata Parva Das Buch vom Aufenthalt am Hofe König Viratas Buch 5 Udyoga Parva Das Buch von den Kriegsvorbereitungen Buch 6 Bhishma Parva Das Buch von der Feldherrnschaft Bhishmas Buch 7 Drona Parva Das Buch von der Feldherrnschaft Dronas Buch 8 Karna Parva Das Buch von der Feldherrnschaft Karnas Buch 9 Shalya Parva Das Buch von der Feldherrnschaft Shalyas Buch 10 Sauptika Parva Das Buch vom nächtlichen Überfall Buch 11 Stri Parva Das Buch von den Frauen Buch 12 Shanti Parva Das Buch vom Frieden Buch 13 Anusasana Parva Das Buch von der Unterweisung Buch 14 Ashvamedha Parva Das Buch vom Pferdeopfer Buch 15 Ashramavasaka Parva Das Buch vom Besuch in der Einsiedelei Buch 16 Mausala Parva Das Buch von den Keulen Buch 17 Mahaprasthanika Parva Das Buch vom großen Aufbruch Buch 18 Svargarohanika Parva Das Buch vom Aufstieg in den Himmel www.hindumythen.de Für Ihnen unbekannte Begriffe und Charaktere nutzen Sie bitte mein Nachschlagewerk www.indische-mythologie.de Darin werden Sie auch auf detailliert erzählte Mythen im Zusammenhang mit dem jeweiligen Charakter hingewiesen. Vor langer Zeit kam in Bharata, wie Indien damals genannt wurde, der Weise Krishna Dvaipayana Veda Vyasa zur Welt. Sein Name bedeutet ‘Der dunkle (Krishna) auf einer Insel (Dvipa) Geborene (Dvaipayana), der die Veden (Veda) teilte (Vyasa). Krishna Dvaipayana war die herausragende Gestalt jener Zeit. Er ordnete die Veden und teilte sie in vier Teile, Rig, Sama, Yajur, Atharva. -
The Mahabharata of Krishna-Dwaipayana Vyasa SALYA
The Mahabharata of Krishna-Dwaipayana Vyasa SALYA PARVA translated by Kesari Mohan Ganguli In parentheses Publications Sanskrit Series Cambridge, Ontario 2002 Salya Parva Section I Om! Having bowed down unto Narayana and Nara, the most exalted of male beings, and the goddess Saraswati, must the word Jaya be uttered. Janamejaya said, “After Karna had thus been slain in battle by Savyasachin, what did the small (unslaughtered) remnant of the Kauravas do, O regenerate one? Beholding the army of the Pandavas swelling with might and energy, what behaviour did the Kuru prince Suyodhana adopt towards the Pandavas, thinking it suitable to the hour? I desire to hear all this. Tell me, O foremost of regenerate ones, I am never satiated with listening to the grand feats of my ancestors.” Vaisampayana said, “After the fall of Karna, O king, Dhritarashtra’s son Suyodhana was plunged deep into an ocean of grief and saw despair on every side. Indulging in incessant lamentations, saying, ‘Alas, oh Karna! Alas, oh Karna!’ he proceeded with great difficulty to his camp, accompanied by the unslaughtered remnant of the kings on his side. Thinking of the slaughter of the Suta’s son, he could not obtain peace of mind, though comforted by those kings with excellent reasons inculcated by the scriptures. Regarding destiny and necessity to be all- powerful, the Kuru king firmly resolved on battle. Having duly made Salya the generalissimo of his forces, that bull among kings, O monarch, proceeded for battle, accompanied by that unslaughtered remnant of his forces. Then, O chief of Bharata’s race, a terrible battle took place between the troops of the Kurus and those of the Pandavas, resembling that between the gods and the Asuras. -
Microsoft Powerpoint
1 Ādi (225) 2 Sabhā (72) Ashvatthama's सय उवाच 3 Āranyaka (299) SjSanjaya said, 4 Virāta (67) Massacre Plan sañjaya uvāca 5 Udyoga Parva (197) 6 Bhīshma (117) Sauptika Parva 7 Drona (173) Chapters 1-5 8 Karna (69) 9 Shālya (64) 10 Sauptika - 18 chapters 11 Strī (27) 12 Shānti (353) 13 Anushāsana (154) 14 Ashvamedhika (96) 15 Āshramavāsika (47) 16 Mausala (9) 17 Mahāprasthānika (3) Swami Tadatmananda 18 Svargārohana (5) Arsha Bodha Center तािमुख े घारे े तता े िनावश ााै OthttiblihtOn that terrible night, Then, overcome by sl eep, tasmin rātri-mukhe ghore tato nidrāvaśaṁ prāptau दखशाु कसमवताे | कृ पभाजाे ै महारथा ै | immerse diidifd in pain and grief, the genera ls KiKripa and KitKritavarma duḥkha-śoka-samanvitāḥ kṛpa-bhojau mahārathau कृ तवमा कृ पा े ाणरै ् सखाचतावदे खाहाु ै Kritavarma, Kripa, and Ashvatthama who deserved happiness, not grief, kṛtavarmā kṛpo drauṇir sukhocitāvaduḥkhārhau उपापववशे समम् || िनषणा ै धरणीतले || sat down together. laid down to sleep on the ground. upopaviviśuḥ samam (1.28) niṣaṇṇau dharaṇī-tale (1.31) ाधामषे वश ााे सेष ु तषे ु काके षु ObOvercome by anger and diti impatience, While many crows were sl eep ing krodhāmarṣa-vaśaṁ prāpto supteṣuteṣukākeṣu ाणपे तु भारत | वधेष ु समतत | the son of Drona, O Dhr itarasht ra, soundly a ll around , droṇa-putras tu bhārata visrabdheṣu samantataḥ न लेभ े स त िना वै साऽपयसहसायातमे ् could not fall asleep, he suddenly saw the arrival na lebhe sa tu nidrāṁ vai so 'paśyat sahasāyāntam दमानाऽितमये ुना || उलूक घारदशे नम ् || burning with great anger. -
Mahabharata Tatparnirnaya
Mahabharatha Tatparya Nirnaya Chapter XIX The episodes of Lakshagriha, Bhimasena's marriage with Hidimba, Killing Bakasura, Draupadi svayamwara, Pandavas settling down in Indraprastha are described in this chapter. The details of these episodes are well-known. Therefore the special points of religious and moral conduct highlights in Tatparya Nirnaya and its commentaries will be briefly stated here. Kanika's wrong advice to Duryodhana This chapter starts with instructions of Kanika an expert in the evil policies of politics to Duryodhana. This Kanika was also known as Kalinga. Probably he hailed from Kalinga region. He was a person if Bharadvaja gotra and an adviser to Shatrujna the king of Sauvira. He told Duryodhana that when the close relatives like brothers, parents, teachers, and friends are our enemies, we should talk sweet outwardly and plan for destroying them. Heretics, robbers, theives and poor persons should be employed to kill them by poison. Outwardly we should pretend to be religiously.Rituals, sacrifices etc should be performed. Taking people into confidence by these means we should hit our enemy when the time is ripe. In this way Kanika secretly advised Duryodhana to plan against Pandavas. Duryodhana approached his father Dhritarashtra and appealed to him to send out Pandavas to some other place. Initially Dhritarashtra said Pandavas are also my sons, they are well behaved, brave, they will add to the wealth and the reputation of our kingdom, and therefore, it is not proper to send them out. However, Duryodhana insisted that they should be sent out. He said he has mastered one hundred and thirty powerful hymns that will protect him from the enemies. -
Mahabaratha Tatparya Nirnaya - Introduction by Prof.K.T.Pandurangi
Mahabaratha Tatparya Nirnaya - Introduction by Prof.K.T.Pandurangi CHAPTER XVII Rukmi’s initiative to arrange the swayamvara of Rukmini Rukmi the son of Bhishmaka planned to give Rukmini in marriage to Shishupala by arranging Swayamvara. Demon Ilvala was born as Rukmi.Such the son of Vahni also had entered him.He had studied Dhanurvidya from Druma and had secured the bow – Vijaya of Indra.This was equal in strength ot Gandiva and Saranga.When swayamvara was announced Jarasandha, Salva, Paundraka and Shishupala arrived.Sri Krishna also arrived seated on Garuda.When Shishupala and Dantavakra found that Krishna had arrived they pleaded with others not oppose to Krishna.After all they were originally devotees of Sri Krishna. However Jarasandha opposed it. Coronation of Sri Krishna Krishna was not duly coronated on the throne. Therefore he was not entitled for a seat in the swayamvara hall nor for any hospitality. They though if they did not provide him a seat he would go away.Kratha and Kaisika the brothers of Bhishmaka came to know of it.They took Krishna to their residence and arranged for their coronation.In the meanwhile a messenger of Indra came and advised the princes gathered to coronate Krishna. He said Indra would throw vajrayudha on them if they failed to carry out his order. Indra did not want Jarasandha, Rukmi,Salva and Shishupala to participate in the coronation of Sri Krishna.therefore he has asked them not to join. They also did not want to join.Indra sent a rich throne. Krishna made Garuda sit on the right side, Kratha , Kaisika and satyaki on left side.Then coronation bath was given using a golden pitcher.Krishna blessed Bhishmaka and said his daughter’s marriage would be auspicious.He revealed his Vishvarupa to him .Bhismaka saw infinite incarnations of Vishnu and Lakshmi in that Vishvarupa.Sri Krishna returned to Mathura. -
Understanding Draupadi As a Paragon of Gender and Resistance
start page: 477 Stellenbosch eological Journal 2017, Vol 3, No 2, 477–492 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17570/stj.2017.v3n2.a22 Online ISSN 2413-9467 | Print ISSN 2413-9459 2017 © Pieter de Waal Neethling Trust Understanding Draupadi as a paragon of gender and resistance Motswapong, Pulane Elizabeth University of Botswana [email protected] Abstract In this article Draupadi will be presented not only as an unsung heroine in the Hindu epic Mahabharata but also as a paragon of gender and resistance in the wake of the injustices meted out on her. It is her ability to overcome adversity in a venerable manner that sets her apart from other women. As a result Draupadi becomes the most complex and controversial female character in the Hindu literature. On the one hand she could be womanly, compassionate and generous and on the other, she could wreak havoc on those who wronged her. She was never ready to compromise on either her rights as a daughter-in-law or even on the rights of the Pandavas, and remained ever ready to fight back or avenge with high handedness any injustices meted out to her. She can be termed a pioneer of feminism. The subversion theory will be employed to further the argument of the article. This article, will further illustrate how Draupadi in the midst of suffering managed to overcome the predicaments she faced and continue to strive where most women would have given up. Key words Draupadi; marriage; gender and resistance; Mahabharata and women 1. Introduction The heroine Draupadi had many names: she was called Draupadi from her father’s family; Krishnaa the dusky princess, Yajnaseni-born of sacrificial fire, Parshati from her grandfather side, panchali from her country; Sairindhiri, the maid servant of the queen Vitara, Panchami (having five husbands)and Nitayauvani,(the every young) (Kahlon 2011:533). -
Shree Raghavendrateertha : Shri Ramkrishna Charitra Manjari
www.geocities.com/haridasaru Shri Raghavendrateertha : Shri Ramkrishna Charitra manjari - Prof. D. V. Potdar Some of Acharya Madhwa’s miracles are to be found in his writings—like Mahabharat tatparya nirnaya in which he summarises two Indian classics and weaves a third one, Anu bhashya in which the content of Vyasa’s aphorisms is outlined in just thirty-two stanzas! Narayana panditaacharya, following his example perhaps, reduces Madhwa vijaya (sixteen cantos) to thirty-two stanzas. Raghavendra teertha goes still further and tells the story of both the epics in thirty-nine stanzas! Ramayana is of course Rama katha. Mahabharat is, as Kumara vyas says Krishna katha ( cf.—I narrate the story of Krisha / to please the learned on the earth). While reading the work I was reminded of Pampabharata. This way of summarizing, the Kannada poets have called ‘simha avalokana krama’, that is a lion moving fast, now and then looking back, to see the ground that he has covered. Laxminarayanacharya, the (pre-ordination) son of the swamiji, has annotated the text. 1. Ram charitra manjari: 1. Possessed of knowledge/wealth, Rama, of yore, born of Dasharatha, was taken away by Vishwamitra along with his brother, and learnt mantras from him to kill Tataka. Getting brahmastra and other weapons he killed many demons to protect sacrifices. He released Ahalya from her curse, broke Shiva’s bow and married Janaki. May he shower his grace on us! ------------------------------------------------------------------- Note: The supreme being seems to take something from others, not because he needs it but just to favour the giver. 2. While returning with his wife and brothers, Rama, twanging Bhargava’s bow*, killed the demon** residing in him and returned to his township. -
10 SPIRITUAL QUALITIES of HIGHLY SUCCESSFUL PEOPLE
10 SPIRITUAL QUALITIES of HIGHLY SUCCESSFUL PEOPLE RAJA YOGA SUTRAS 2.30-32 YAMAS - Abstentions 1) Ahimsa – Non-violence “Ahimsa Parama Dharmo” – “Non-violence is the highest moral duty.” “The principle of non-violence encompasses all other moral principles. The abstention of meat-eating is one of the pillars of non-violence…When a person abstains from harming other living beings, especially by giving up meat-eating, then he in turn is never put into danger by other creatures, even if he is in the densest jungle. The word (in Sanskrit) for meat is ‘mamsa.’ ‘Mam’ means ‘me’ and ‘sa’ means ‘he.’ Therefore ‘mamsa’ means ‘me, he will eat.’ In other words, those who eat the flesh of animals will themselves be eaten later on by the same animals. Abstention from intentionally injuring all living beings is the highest form of spirituality, the highest practice of self-control. and the most valuable gift which can be given to others. Indeed the glory of living a life of non-violence could not be fully expounded, even if a person were to go on speaking on the subject for a thousand years.” - Mahajan Bhishmadeva, Mahabharata, Anusasana Parva 2) Satya – Truthfulness “Truth is the highest moral principle because all other good qualities rest upon it. Once, Truthfulness was placed on one side of a scale and all other spiritual and moral practices were placed on the other. Truth was seen to be heavier.” - A brahmana speaking to Maharaja Ikshvaku (story told by Mahajan Bhishmadeva, Mahabharata, Shanti Parva) “Hear from me about the higher principles of spirituality and morality…Even Truth should not be uttered when it will produce an adverse result…According to scripture, it is highly virtuous to tell a lie in order to save one’s own life, or the life of another, especially a king or brahmana, or to save one’s wealth …In all cases, the highest virtue lies in not harming other creatures…Untruth which protects an innocent person from harm should be considered truth…Any act free from the motive to injure others is true morality. -
Bhagavad-Gita:Chapters in Sanskrit Bhagavadgita in English
Bhagavad-Gita:Chapters in Sanskrit BGALLCOLOR.pdf (Bhagavadgita in Sanskrit and English in one file) (All 18 chapters in Sanskrit, Transliteration, and Translation.) Bhagavadgita in English BG01 BG02 BG03 BG04 BG05 BG06 BG07 BG08 BG09 BG10 BG11 BG12 BG13 BG14 BG15 BG16 BG17 BG18 HOME PAGE Veeraswamy Krishnaraj http://www.bhagavadgitausa.com/TILAKAM.htm http://www.bhagavadgitausa.com/TILAKAM.pdf You have your Google search engine tailored for this site. Please enter the word(s) in the search box; it will take you to the file with that word in this web site. Enjoy your visit here. Search Search Wikipedia: Go! திலகம் The Complete Works of Swami Vivekananda Volume 6 [ Page : 115 ] NOTES TAKEN DOWN IN MADRAS, 1892-93 Educate your women first and leave them to themselves; then they will tell you what reforms are necessary for them. In matters concerning them, who are you? Swami Vivekananda 1892-93 Madras/Chennai Tilakam (திலகம்) A mark on the forehead made with colored earths, sandalwood or unguents whether as an ornament or a sectarian distinction; Clerodendrum phlomoides (Vaathamatakki-- வாதமடக்கி a plant- in Tamil; dagdharuha); a freckle compared to a sesamum seed; a kind of skin eruption. Monier Williams Dictionary. It is applied over Ajna Chakra (Bhrumadya = the spot between the eyebrows. Bhru = brow, which is cognate with and derived from Sanskrit Bhru. Ajna Chakra is the sixth Kundalini Chakra on the forehead area, attaining which evokes spiritual knowledge. Ash from the dead bodies was worn in primitive times to remind us about the impermanence of life on earth and the reality and certainty of death. -
The Complete Mahabharata in a Nutshell
Contents Introduction Dedication Chapter 1 The Book of the Beginning 1.1 Vyasa (the Composer) and Ganesha (the Scribe) 1.2 Vyasa and his mother Sathyavathi 1.3 Janamejaya’s Snake Sacrifice (Sarpasastra) 1.4 The Prajapathis 1.5 Kadru, Vinatha and Garuda 1.6 The Churning of the Ocean of Milk 1.7 The Lunar and Solar races 1.8 Yayathi and his wives Devayani and Sharmishta 1.9 Dushyanta and Shakuntala 1.10 Parashurama and the Kshatriya Genocide BOOKS 1.11 Shanthanu, Ganga and their son Devavratha 1.12 Bhishma, Sathyavathi and Her Two Sons 1.13 Vyasa’s Sons: Dhritharashtra,DC Pandu and Vidura 1.14 Kunthi and her Son Karna 1.15 Birth of the Kauravas and the Pandavas 1.16 The Strife Starts 1.17 The Preceptors Kripa and Drona 1.18 The Autodidact Ekalavya and his Sacrifice 1.19 Royal Tournament where Karna became a King 1.20 Drona’s Revenge on Drupada and its Counterblow 1.21 Lord Krishna’s Envoy to Hasthinapura 1.22 The Story of Kamsa 1.23 The Wax Palace Inferno 1.24 Hidimba, Hidimbi and Ghatotkacha 1.25 The Ogre that was Baka 1.26 Dhaumya, the Priest of the Pandavas 1.27 The Feud between Vasishta and Vishwamithra 1.28 More on the Quality of Mercy 1.29 Draupadi, her Five Husbands and Five Sons 1.30 The Story of Sunda and Upasunda 1.31 Draupadi’s Previous Life 1.32 The Pandavas as the Incarnation of the Five Indras 1.33 Khandavaprastha and its capital Indraprastha 1.34 Arjuna’s Liaisons while on Pilgrimage 1.35 Arjuna and Subhadra 1.36 The Khandava Conflagaration 1.37 The Strange Story of the Sarngaka Birds Chapter 2 The Book of the Assembly Hall