Irish Historic Towns Atlas (IHTA), No. 21, Limerick Author

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Irish Historic Towns Atlas (IHTA), no. 21, Limerick

Author: Eamon O’Flaherty Editors: Anngret Simms, H.B. Clarke, Raymond Gillespie, Jacinta Prunty Consultant editor: J.H. Andrews Cartographic editor: Sarah Gearty Editorial assistants: Angela Murphy, Angela Byrne, Jennnifer Moore

Printed and published in 2010 by the Royal Irish Academy, 19 Dawson Street, Dublin 2

Maps prepared in association with the Ordnance Survey Ireland and Land and Property Services Northern Ireland

The contents of this digital edition of Irish Historic Towns Atlas no. 21, Limerick, is registered under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial 4.0 International License.

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Introduction. In Eamon O’Flaherty, Irish Historic Towns Atlas, no. 21, Limerick. Royal Irish Academy, Dublin, 2010 (www.ihta.ie, accessed 4 February 2016), cover, p 2.

Acknowledgements (digital edition)

Digitisation: Eneclann Ltd Digital editor: Anne Rosenbusch Original copyright: Royal Irish Academy Irish Historic Towns Atlas Digital Working Group: Sarah Gearty, Keith Lilley, Jennifer Moore, Rachel Murphy, Paul Walsh, Jacinta Prunty Digital Repository of Ireland: Rebecca Grant Royal Irish Academy IT Department: Wayne Aherne, Derek Cosgrave

For further information, please visit www.ihta.ie IRISH HISTORIC TOWNS ATLAS No. 21

Extracts from selected maps contained in Irish Historic Towns Atlas, no. 21, Limerick lIMERICK

Map 2 Reconstruction, 1840 Map 6 Hardiman, c. 1590 Map 18 Colles, 1769

Irish Historic Towns Atlas

By EAMON O’FLAHERTYRoyal Irish Academy

EDITORS Anngret Simms H.B. Clarke Raymond Gillespie Jacinta Prunty

CONSULTANT EDITOR J.H. Andrews

CARTOGRAPHIC EDITOR Royal Irish Academy Sarah Gearty ISBN 978-1-904890-55-3 19 Dawson Street, Dublin 2 EDITORIAL ASSISTANTS 2010 Angela Murphy, Angela Byrne, Jennifer Moore Maps prepared in association with Ordnance Survey Ireland and 9 7 8 1 9 0 4 8 9 0 5 5 3 Land and Property Services Northern Ireland Royal Irish Academy PREFACE Irish Historic Towns Atlas

Urban history as it is practised today is much more than the local study have been followed more or less strictly by most of the many countries and lIMERICK of a particular town. As part of social and economic history it needs a com- regions where historic towns atlases have been produced since. Among these parative approach. The topographical aspects of towns, the layout of streets, countries Ireland with its Irish Historic Towns Atlas has produced a model in CONTENTS rivers and canals, the site of public buildings and defence works and the this respect. Preface and introduction Cover Maps, views and photographs of Limerick (loose sheets) Map 1 Ordnance Survey, 1886, 1:50,000 general setting of the town in its geographical environment, are particularly Text (booklet) Page 2 Reconstruction, 1840, 1:2500 well suited to such a comparative approach. The International Commission The topographical development of Limerick 1 3 Ordnance Survey, 2008, 1:5000 for the History of Towns, therefore, having recommended since its foundation Topographical information 12 4 Ordnance Survey, 1900, 1:5000 in 1955 the publication of historic towns atlases in its member countries, set Ghent, 1995 Adriaan Verhulst† 1 Name 12 5 City map, 1587 out in 1968 a number of guidelines concerning the scale and contents of the President of the International 2 Legal status 12 6 Hardiman, c. 1590 3 Parliamentary status 12 7 Hunt map, c. 1590 principal maps to be included in these atlases. The Commission’s guidelines Commission for the History of Towns 4 Proprietorial status 12 8 Speed, 1610 5 Municipal boundary 12 9 Pacata Hibernia, 1633 6 Administrative location 12 10 Webb, 1651 7 Administrative divisions 12 11 White, c. 1760 8 Population 12 Plate 1 Dineley, 1681 9 Housing 12 Map 12 Phillips map, 1685 10 Streets 13 11 Religion 22 Plate 2 Phillips view, 1685 Introduction 12 Defence 24 3 Story, 1690 13 Administration 27 Map 13 Goubet, 1690 14 Primary production 29 14 Plan, c. 1691 It was in a spirit of co-operation after the second world war that in 1955 to 1840. The reconstruction is based on the manuscript town plans made 15 Manufacturing 30 15 Eyres plan, 1752 the International Commission for the History of Towns recommended by the Ordnance Survey in 1832–42 and on the manuscript maps compiled 16 Trades and services 37 16 Eyres country, c. 1752 17 Transport 44 at the same time or soon afterwards by the General Valuation Office. Use 17 New Quay, 1764 the publication of a series of European national historic towns atlases 18 Utilities 46 Plate 4 Jones, c. 1835 to encourage a better understanding of common European roots and to is also made of surviving contemporary estate maps and, where necessary, 19 Health 46 Map 18 Colles, 1769 facilitate comparative urban studies. Since then fascicles for c. 460 towns of the earliest (1833–46) published Ordnance Survey maps at six inches to 20 Education 47 Plate 5 View, 1769 21 Entertainment, memorials and societies 51 and cities in seventeen European countries have been published, more or one mile (1:10,560). The reconstructions include buildings, streets, roads, 22 Residence 53 Map 19 Sauthier, 1786 less on the lines recommended by the Commission. This volume is part of paths, yards, gardens, orchards, parks, fields and surface watercourses. Plate 6 Brocas, c. 1820 Bibliography 55 7 Brocas, c. 1820 Ireland’s contribution to the scheme. Contemporary names are used wherever possible. The base map on which 8 De Lond, 1821 At an interdisciplinary symposium on ‘Irish towns and medieval these data are assembled is the most accurate available nineteenth-century Appendices Map 20 Coffey, 1823 Europe’, organised in 1978 by the Board of Medieval Studies in University town plan, which in most cases is the one published by the Ordnance A Pre-1700 maps of Limerick 59 21 Coffey, 1823 College, Dublin, the idea of an Irish historic towns atlas was first publicly Survey on a scale of either 1:1056 or 1:500 at some time during the period B Manufactories, 1769, 1824, 1838 and 1870 59 22 McKern, 1827 23 Corbett, 1865 discussed following a lecture by Heinz Stoob from Münster on the German 1855–95. Note on Map 2 Irish59 Historic Towns Atlas Acknowledgements 59 24 Valuation, 1850 towns atlas project. In June 1981 the Council of the Royal Irish Academy A second map shows the town in its mid-nineteenth-century setting at Plate 9 Mills, c. 1860 General abbreviations 60 agreed to publish the Irish Historic Towns Atlas and the government of the 1:50,000. This has been prepared from the first (1855–95) edition of the one Royal Irish AcademyMap 25 Goad, 1897 Republic of Ireland subsequently provided funds for the employment of a inch to one mile (1:63,360) Ordnance Survey map of Ireland. The third map Illustrations 26 Goad, 1897 cartographic editor. The joint editors of the first four fascicles were J.H. common to all fascicles is a modern Ordnance Survey town plan at 1:5000. 27 Growth, to 1900 Plate 10 Patrick Street, c. 1900 A selection of facsimile maps is included, some with their accompanying Text figures Andrews (Department of Geography, Trinity College, Dublin) and Anngret 1 Location of the Viking town 11 View, c. 1900 Simms (Department of Geography, University College, Dublin). H.B. reference tables. Where possible there are also growth maps and large- 2 Conjectural layout of the Viking town 12 Limerick from the air, 2008 Clarke (Department of Medieval History, University College, Dublin) was scale single period maps reconstructing significant phases of development 3 Medieval Limerick Legend sheet appointed as an additional editor in 1990, Raymond Gillespie (Department before the end of the nineteenth century. Other graphic material includes the 4 Monastic and secular church land, c. 1300 Thanks are due to the institutions mentioned in the captions to the maps and plates for of History, National University of Ireland Maynooth) in 1994, and Jacinta town’s armorial bearings, if any, a modern air photograph and facsimiles 5 House types in Englishtown, 1654 permission to reproduce material in their custody. of early views. The text accompanying the maps comprises an introductory 6 House types in Irishtown, 1654 Prunty (Department of History, National University of Ireland Maynooth) 7 Manufacturing and markets, to 1900 Cover illustration: Thomond Bridge and Castle, 1826, by Robert O’Callaghan Newenham in 2008. John Andrews retired as editor and became consultant editor in essay, topographical information on the town as a whole and its component 8 Churches, to 1900 (Newenham, ii, plate 27). 1992. K.M. Davies acted as cartographic editor and project co-ordinator parts, selected documentary and literary extracts where appropriate, and a from September 1981 to January 1999. On her retirement Sarah Gearty was bibliography. IRISH HISTORIC TOWNS ATLAS The maps and topographical information are derived directly from appointed to the position. Angela Murphy became editorial assistant to the SERIES project in June 2001. Angela Byrne joined the project staff in 2003, and primary sources and to that extent are less likely to become out of date. VOLUME I Jennifer Moore joined in 2006. But readers may also expect to be given an interpretation of the sources, No. 1 KILDARE by J.H. Andrews The editorial board has been complemented by an editorial committee and this is the role of the introductory essay. Each town is described in No. 2 CARRICKFERGUS by Philip Robinson in which the editors have been joined over a period of time by Terry Barry relation to its physical site and setting, and its development is reviewed in No. 3 BANDON by Patrick O’Flanagan (Department of Medieval History, Trinity College, Dublin), John Bradley chronological sequence from the beginnings of urban life to the end of the No. 4 KELLS by Anngret Simms with Katharine Simms Downpatrick No. 5 MULLINGAR by J.H. Andrews with K.M. Davies • (Department of History, National University of Ireland Maynooth), M.J.D. nineteenth century, with a brief indication of its twentieth-century history. Armagh In the case of large cities, this is done over a series of linked parts. The No. 6 ATHLONE by Harman Murtagh Brand (former Director, Ordnance Survey of Northern Ireland), Mary Clark ISBN 1-874045-34-8 (City Archivist, Dublin City Library and Archive), M.E. Daly (College of essay is intended to deal primarily with the form and layout of the town Arts and Celtic Studies, University College, Dublin), Richard Haworth as expressed in the accompanying maps. Individual buildings may receive VOLUME II Tuam• (formerly of the Department of Geography, Trinity College, Dublin), attention as topographical entities, but the atlas does not usurp the functions No. 7 MAYNOOTH by Arnold Horner No. 8 DOWNPATRICK by R.H. Buchanan and Anthony Wilson A.A. Horner (School of Geography, Planning and Environmental Policy, of an archaeological or architectural survey. In the same spirit, political and No. 9 BRAY by K.M. Davies • University College, Dublin), Richard Kirwan (former Director, Ordnance socio-economic factors are introduced in so far as they seem relevant to an Limerick understanding of the townscape and not as ends in themselves. No. 10 KILKENNY by John Bradley Survey Ireland), Tomás Ó Carragáin (Department of Archaeology, University No. 13 FETHARD by Tadhg O’Keeffe College Cork), Philip Robinson (formerly of the Ulster Folk and Transport The bibliography lists important items devoted to a single town or city for No. 14 TRIM by Mark Hennessy Museum), Geraldine Ruane (Chief Executive, Ordnance Survey Ireland), the period, especially those of topographical relevance, and is not necessarily ISBN 1-904890-10-5 Katharine Simms (Department of Medieval History, Trinity College, Dublin), confined to works cited in the footnotes. Other sources mentioned in the Nos 1–10, 13, 14 also available as separate fascicles. Matthew Stout (Department of History, St Patrick’s College, Drumcondra), footnotes are not separately tabulated, except where their titles have been abbreviated in a way that requires explanation. Abbreviations of more No. 21 lIMERICK by Eamon O’Flaherty M.C. Walsh (former Director, Ordnance Survey Ireland) and Kevin Whelan No. 11 DUBLIN, part I, to 1610 by H.B. Clarke (School of History and Archives, University College Dublin) general application are listed inside the back cover of each fascicle. Grid (University of Notre Dame). The atlas is indebted to Ordnance Survey ISBN 1-874045-89-5 ISBN 978-1-904890-55-3 Ireland and Land and Property Services (formerly Ordnance Survey of references follow the Irish National Grid as shown on current Ordnance Survey maps, and throughout the atlas placenames are spelt as in the maps of No. 12 BELFAST, part I, to 1840 by Raymond Gillespie and Stephen A. Northern Ireland) for practical support from their respective institutions. Royle British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Catalogue record available Valuable assistance has also been received from the staff of the Royal Irish Ordnance Survey Ireland or Land and Property Services Northern Ireland. ISBN 0-9543855-0-0 from the British Library Academy. The editorial board is grateful to the Heritage Council, the Marc Finally the atlas expresses the belief that large-scale plans constitute the best kind of source material for a comparative analysis of the topography of No. 15 DERRY~LONDONDERRY by Avril Thomas Fitch Fund (Oxford) and the Luther I. Replogle Foundation (Washington ISBN 978-1-904890-13-X D.C.) for on-going support in the preparation of the atlas. European towns, whether as a starting point for retrospective topographical Cartography of Maps 1, 3 © Ordnance Survey Ireland/Government of Ireland The atlas has been planned as a series of fascicles, one or more for each research or as a basis for studying the changes associated with modern urban No. 16 DUNDALK by Harold O’Sullivan Copyright Permit No. MP 007409. Cartography of Map 2 by Land and Property town or city in a selection representing various size-categories, various expansion. As such, it is proving useful not only to students and teachers ISBN 978-1-904890-19-9 Services Northern Ireland. Figs 1–8, map 27 drawn by Sarah Gearty; map 24 drawn regions of the country from both the Republic of Ireland and Northern of history, geography, archaeology and architecture, but also to planners, by Angela Byrne. conservationists and local government officers, and thus directly or indirectly No. 17 BELFAST, part II, 1840 to 1900 by Stephen A. Royle Ireland, and various periods of origin, growth and change, with some bias in ISBN 978-1-904890-26-3 favour of the medieval period but not excluding the estate towns, industrial to all residents and visitors in the towns or cities concerned. No. 18 ARMAGH by Catherine McCullough and W.H. Crawford towns and resort towns characteristic of more modern times. Large cities October 2009 Anngret Simms ISBN 978-1-904890-18-8 are divided chronologically according to available cartographic sources. H.B. Clarke The Royal Irish Academy is grateful to Limerick City Council and Murray Ó Laoire The principal map in each fascicle is a large-scale (1:2500) representation Raymond Gillespie No. 19 DUBLIN, part II, 1610 to 1756 by Colm Lennon Architects for grants towards research and production. Thanks are also due to the Department of the town as it is believed to have stood at a period as close as possible Jacinta Prunty ISBN 978-1-904890-44-7 of Environment, Heritage and Local Government for a grant awarded from the Environmental Fund. No. 20 TUAM by J.A. Claffey Printed by Brunswick Press. ISBN 978-1-904890-47-8 © Royal Irish Academy 2010 PREFACE Irish Historic Towns Atlas

Urban history as it is practised today is much more than the local study have been followed more or less strictly by most of the many countries and lIMERICK of a particular town. As part of social and economic history it needs a com- regions where historic towns atlases have been produced since. Among these parative approach. The topographical aspects of towns, the layout of streets, countries Ireland with its Irish Historic Towns Atlas has produced a model in CONTENTS rivers and canals, the site of public buildings and defence works and the this respect. Preface and introduction Cover Maps, views and photographs of Limerick (loose sheets) Map 1 Ordnance Survey, 1886, 1:50,000 general setting of the town in its geographical environment, are particularly Text (booklet) Page 2 Reconstruction, 1840, 1:2500 well suited to such a comparative approach. The International Commission The topographical development of Limerick 1 3 Ordnance Survey, 2008, 1:5000 for the History of Towns, therefore, having recommended since its foundation Topographical information 12 4 Ordnance Survey, 1900, 1:5000 in 1955 the publication of historic towns atlases in its member countries, set Ghent, 1995 Adriaan Verhulst† 1 Name 12 5 City map, 1587 out in 1968 a number of guidelines concerning the scale and contents of the President of the International 2 Legal status 12 6 Hardiman, c. 1590 3 Parliamentary status 12 7 Hunt map, c. 1590 principal maps to be included in these atlases. The Commission’s guidelines Commission for the History of Towns 4 Proprietorial status 12 8 Speed, 1610 5 Municipal boundary 12 9 Pacata Hibernia, 1633 6 Administrative location 12 10 Webb, 1651 7 Administrative divisions 12 11 White, c. 1760 8 Population 12 Plate 1 Dineley, 1681 9 Housing 12 Map 12 Phillips map, 1685 10 Streets 13 11 Religion 22 Plate 2 Phillips view, 1685 Introduction 12 Defence 24 3 Story, 1690 13 Administration 27 Map 13 Goubet, 1690 14 Primary production 29 14 Plan, c. 1691 It was in a spirit of co-operation after the second world war that in 1955 to 1840. The reconstruction is based on the manuscript town plans made 15 Manufacturing 30 15 Eyres plan, 1752 the International Commission for the History of Towns recommended by the Ordnance Survey in 1832–42 and on the manuscript maps compiled 16 Trades and services 37 16 Eyres country, c. 1752 17 Transport 44 at the same time or soon afterwards by the General Valuation Office. Use 17 New Quay, 1764 the publication of a series of European national historic towns atlases 18 Utilities 46 Plate 4 Jones, c. 1835 to encourage a better understanding of common European roots and to is also made of surviving contemporary estate maps and, where necessary, 19 Health 46 Map 18 Colles, 1769 facilitate comparative urban studies. Since then fascicles for c. 460 towns of the earliest (1833–46) published Ordnance Survey maps at six inches to 20 Education 47 Plate 5 View, 1769 21 Entertainment, memorials and societies 51 and cities in seventeen European countries have been published, more or one mile (1:10,560). The reconstructions include buildings, streets, roads, 22 Residence 53 Map 19 Sauthier, 1786 less on the lines recommended by the Commission. This volume is part of paths, yards, gardens, orchards, parks, fields and surface watercourses. Plate 6 Brocas, c. 1820 Bibliography 55 7 Brocas, c. 1820 Ireland’s contribution to the scheme. Contemporary names are used wherever possible. The base map on which 8 De Lond, 1821 At an interdisciplinary symposium on ‘Irish towns and medieval these data are assembled is the most accurate available nineteenth-century Appendices Map 20 Coffey, 1823 Europe’, organised in 1978 by the Board of Medieval Studies in University town plan, which in most cases is the one published by the Ordnance A Pre-1700 maps of Limerick 59 21 Coffey, 1823 College, Dublin, the idea of an Irish historic towns atlas was first publicly Survey on a scale of either 1:1056 or 1:500 at some time during the period B Manufactories, 1769, 1824, 1838 and 1870 59 22 McKern, 1827 23 Corbett, 1865 discussed following a lecture by Heinz Stoob from Münster on the German 1855–95. Note on Map 2 59 Acknowledgements 59 24 Valuation, 1850 towns atlas project. In June 1981 the Council of the Royal Irish Academy A second map shows the town in its mid-nineteenth-century setting at Plate 9 Mills, c. 1860 General abbreviations 60 agreed to publish the Irish Historic Towns Atlas and the government of the 1:50,000. This has been prepared from the first (1855–95) edition of the one Map 25 Goad, 1897 Republic of Ireland subsequently provided funds for the employment of a inch to one mile (1:63,360) Ordnance Survey map of Ireland. The third map Illustrations 26 Goad, 1897 cartographic editor. The joint editors of the first four fascicles were J.H. common to all fascicles is a modern Ordnance Survey town plan at 1:5000. 27 Growth, to 1900 Plate 10 Patrick Street, c. 1900 A selection of facsimile maps is included, some with their accompanying Text figures Andrews (Department of Geography, Trinity College, Dublin) and Anngret 1 Location of the Viking town 11 View, c. 1900 Simms (Department of Geography, University College, Dublin). H.B. reference tables. Where possible there are also growth maps and large- 2 Conjectural layout of the Viking town 12 Limerick from the air, 2008 Clarke (Department of Medieval History, University College, Dublin) was scale single period maps reconstructing significant phases of development 3 Medieval Limerick Legend sheet appointed as an additional editor in 1990, Raymond Gillespie (Department before the end of the nineteenth century. Other graphic material includes the 4 Monastic and secular church land, c. 1300 Thanks are due to the institutions mentioned in the captions to the maps and plates for of History, National University of Ireland Maynooth) in 1994, and Jacinta town’s armorial bearings, if any, a modern air photograph and facsimiles 5 House types in Englishtown, 1654 permission to reproduce material in their custody. of early views. The text accompanying the maps comprises an introductory 6 House types in Irishtown, 1654 Prunty (Department of History, National University of Ireland Maynooth) 7 Manufacturing and markets, to 1900 Cover illustration: Thomond Bridge and Castle, 1826, by Robert O’Callaghan Newenham in 2008. John Andrews retired as editor and became consultant editor in essay, topographical information on the town as a whole and its component 8 Churches, to 1900 (Newenham, ii, plate 27). 1992. K.M. Davies acted as cartographic editor and project co-ordinator parts, selected documentary and literary extracts where appropriate, and a from September 1981 to January 1999. On her retirement Sarah Gearty was bibliography. IRISH HISTORIC TOWNS ATLAS The maps and topographical information are derived directly from appointed to the position. Angela Murphy became editorial assistant to the SERIES project in June 2001. Angela Byrne joined the project staff in 2003, and primary sources and to that extent are less likely to become out of date. VOLUME I Jennifer Moore joined in 2006. But readers may also expect to be given an interpretation of the sources, No. 1 KILDARE by J.H. Andrews The editorial board has been complemented by an editorial committee and this is the role of the introductory essay. Each town is described in No. 2 CARRICKFERGUS by Philip Robinson in which the editors have been joined over a period of time by Terry Barry relation to its physical site and setting, and its development is reviewed in No. 3 BANDON by Patrick O’Flanagan (Department of Medieval History, Trinity College, Dublin), John Bradley chronological sequence from the beginnings of urban life to the end of the No. 4 KELLS by Anngret Simms with Katharine Simms Downpatrick No. 5 MULLINGAR by J.H. Andrews with K.M. Davies • (Department of History, National University of Ireland Maynooth), M.J.D. nineteenth century, with a brief indication of its twentieth-century history. Armagh In the case of large cities, this is done over a series of linked parts. The No. 6 ATHLONE by Harman Murtagh Brand (former Director, Ordnance Survey of Northern Ireland), Mary Clark ISBN 1-874045-34-8 (City Archivist, Dublin City Library and Archive), M.E. Daly (College of essay is intended to deal primarily with the form and layout of the town Arts and Celtic Studies, University College, Dublin), Richard Haworth as expressed in the accompanying maps. Individual buildings may receive VOLUME II Tuam• (formerly of the Department of Geography, Trinity College, Dublin), attention as topographical entities, but the atlas does not usurp the functions No. 7 MAYNOOTH by Arnold Horner No. 8 DOWNPATRICK by R.H. Buchanan and Anthony Wilson A.A. Horner (School of Geography, Planning and Environmental Policy, of an archaeological or architectural survey. In the same spirit, political and No. 9 BRAY by K.M. Davies • University College, Dublin), Richard Kirwan (former Director, Ordnance socio-economic factors are introduced in so far as they seem relevant to an Limerick understanding of the townscape and not as ends in themselves. No. 10 KILKENNY by John Bradley Survey Ireland), Tomás Ó Carragáin (Department of Archaeology, University No. 13 FETHARD by Tadhg O’Keeffe College Cork), Philip Robinson (formerly of the Ulster Folk and Transport The bibliography lists important items devoted to a single town or city for No. 14 TRIM by Mark Hennessy Museum), Geraldine Ruane (Chief Executive, Ordnance Survey Ireland), the period, especially those of topographical relevance, and is not necessarily ISBN 1-904890-10-5 Katharine Simms (Department of Medieval History, Trinity College, Dublin), confined to works cited in the footnotes. Other sources mentioned in the Nos 1–10, 13, 14 also available as separate fascicles. Matthew Stout (Department of History, St Patrick’s College, Drumcondra), footnotes are not separately tabulated, except where their titles have been abbreviated in a way that requires explanation. Abbreviations of more No. 21 lIMERICK by Eamon O’Flaherty M.C. Walsh (former Director, Ordnance Survey Ireland) and Kevin Whelan No. 11 DUBLIN, part I, to 1610 by H.B. Clarke (School of History and Archives, University College Dublin) general application are listed inside the back cover of each fascicle. Grid (University of Notre Dame). The atlas is indebted to Ordnance Survey ISBN 1-874045-89-5 ISBN 978-1-904890-55-3 Ireland and Land and Property Services (formerly Ordnance Survey of references follow the Irish National Grid as shown on current Ordnance Survey maps, and throughout the atlas placenames are spelt as in the maps of No. 12 BELFAST, part I, to 1840 by Raymond Gillespie and Stephen A. Northern Ireland) for practical support from their respective institutions. Royle British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Catalogue record available Valuable assistance has also been received from the staff of the Royal Irish Ordnance Survey Ireland or Land and Property Services Northern Ireland. ISBN 0-9543855-0-0 from the British Library Academy. The editorial board is grateful to the Heritage Council, the Marc Finally the atlas expresses the belief that large-scale plans constitute the best kind of source material for a comparative analysis of the topography of No. 15 DERRY~LONDONDERRY by Avril Thomas Fitch Fund (Oxford) and the Luther I. Replogle Foundation (Washington ISBN 978-1-904890-13-X D.C.) for on-going support in the preparation of the atlas. European towns, whether as a starting point for retrospective topographical Cartography of Maps 1, 3 © Ordnance Survey Ireland/Government of Ireland The atlas has been planned as a series of fascicles, one or more for each research or as a basis for studying the changes associated with modern urban No. 16 DUNDALK by Harold O’Sullivan Copyright Permit No. MP 007409. Cartography of Map 2 by Land and Property town or city in a selection representing various size-categories, various expansion. As such, it is proving useful not only to students and teachers ISBN 978-1-904890-19-9 Irish Historic TownsServices Northern Atlas Ireland. Figs 1–8, map 27 drawn by Sarah Gearty; map 24 drawn regions of the country from both the Republic of Ireland and Northern of history, geography, archaeology and architecture, but also to planners, by Angela Byrne. conservationists and local government officers, and thus directly or indirectly No. 17 BELFAST, part II, 1840 to 1900 by Stephen A. Royle Ireland, and various periods of origin, growth and change, with some bias in ISBN 978-1-904890-26-3 favour of the medieval period but not excluding the estate towns, industrial to all residents and visitors in the towns or cities concerned. Royal Irish Academy No. 18 ARMAGH by Catherine McCullough and W.H. Crawford towns and resort towns characteristic of more modern times. Large cities October 2009 Anngret Simms ISBN 978-1-904890-18-8 are divided chronologically according to available cartographic sources. H.B. Clarke The Royal Irish Academy is grateful to Limerick City Council and Murray Ó Laoire The principal map in each fascicle is a large-scale (1:2500) representation Raymond Gillespie No. 19 DUBLIN, part II, 1610 to 1756 by Colm Lennon Architects for grants towards research and production. Thanks are also due to the Department of the town as it is believed to have stood at a period as close as possible Jacinta Prunty ISBN 978-1-904890-44-7 of Environment, Heritage and Local Government for a grant awarded from the Environmental Fund. No. 20 TUAM by J.A. Claffey Printed by Brunswick Press. ISBN 978-1-904890-47-8 © Royal Irish Academy 2010 PREFACE Irish Historic Towns Atlas

Urban history as it is practised today is much more than the local study have been followed more or less strictly by most of the many countries and lIMERICK of a particular town. As part of social and economic history it needs a com- regions where historic towns atlases have been produced since. Among these parative approach. The topographical aspects of towns, the layout of streets, countries Ireland with its Irish Historic Towns Atlas has produced a model in CONTENTS rivers and canals, the site of public buildings and defence works and the this respect. Preface and introduction Cover Maps, views and photographs of Limerick (loose sheets) Map 1 Ordnance Survey, 1886, 1:50,000 general setting of the town in its geographical environment, are particularly Text (booklet) Page 2 Reconstruction, 1840, 1:2500 well suited to such a comparative approach. The International Commission The topographical development of Limerick 1 3 Ordnance Survey, 2008, 1:5000 for the History of Towns, therefore, having recommended since its foundation Topographical information 12 4 Ordnance Survey, 1900, 1:5000 in 1955 the publication of historic towns atlases in its member countries, set Ghent, 1995 Adriaan Verhulst† 1 Name 12 5 City map, 1587 out in 1968 a number of guidelines concerning the scale and contents of the President of the International 2 Legal status 12 6 Hardiman, c. 1590 3 Parliamentary status 12 7 Hunt map, c. 1590 principal maps to be included in these atlases. The Commission’s guidelines Commission for the History of Towns 4 Proprietorial status 12 8 Speed, 1610 5 Municipal boundary 12 9 Pacata Hibernia, 1633 6 Administrative location 12 10 Webb, 1651 7 Administrative divisions 12 11 White, c. 1760 8 Population 12 Plate 1 Dineley, 1681 9 Housing 12 Map 12 Phillips map, 1685 10 Streets 13 11 Religion 22 Plate 2 Phillips view, 1685 Introduction 12 Defence 24 3 Story, 1690 13 Administration 27 Map 13 Goubet, 1690 14 Primary production 29 14 Plan, c. 1691 It was in a spirit of co-operation after the second world war that in 1955 to 1840. The reconstruction is based on the manuscript town plans made 15 Manufacturing 30 15 Eyres plan, 1752 the International Commission for the History of Towns recommended by the Ordnance Survey in 1832–42 and on the manuscript maps compiled 16 Trades and services 37 16 Eyres country, c. 1752 17 Transport 44 at the same time or soon afterwards by the General Valuation Office. Use 17 New Quay, 1764 the publication of a series of European national historic towns atlases 18 Utilities 46 Plate 4 Jones, c. 1835 to encourage a better understanding of common European roots and to is also made of surviving contemporary estate maps and, where necessary, 19 Health 46 Map 18 Colles, 1769 facilitate comparative urban studies. Since then fascicles for c. 460 towns of the earliest (1833–46) published Ordnance Survey maps at six inches to 20 Education 47 Plate 5 View, 1769 21 Entertainment, memorials and societies 51 and cities in seventeen European countries have been published, more or one mile (1:10,560). The reconstructions include buildings, streets, roads, 22 Residence 53 Map 19 Sauthier, 1786 less on the lines recommended by the Commission. This volume is part of paths, yards, gardens, orchards, parks, fields and surface watercourses. Plate 6 Brocas, c. 1820 Bibliography 55 7 Brocas, c. 1820 Ireland’s contribution to the scheme. Contemporary names are used wherever possible. The base map on which 8 De Lond, 1821 At an interdisciplinary symposium on ‘Irish towns and medieval these data are assembled is the most accurate available nineteenth-century Appendices Map 20 Coffey, 1823 Europe’, organised in 1978 by the Board of Medieval Studies in University town plan, which in most cases is the one published by the Ordnance A Pre-1700 maps of Limerick 59 21 Coffey, 1823 College, Dublin, the idea of an Irish historic towns atlas was first publicly Survey on a scale of either 1:1056 or 1:500 at some time during the period B Manufactories, 1769, 1824, 1838 and 1870 59 22 McKern, 1827 23 Corbett, 1865 discussed following a lecture by Heinz Stoob from Münster on the German 1855–95. Note on Map 2 59 Acknowledgements 59 24 Valuation, 1850 towns atlas project. In June 1981 the Council of the Royal Irish Academy A second map shows the town in its mid-nineteenth-century setting at Plate 9 Mills, c. 1860 General abbreviations 60 agreed to publish the Irish Historic Towns Atlas and the government of the 1:50,000. This has been prepared from the first (1855–95) edition of the one Map 25 Goad, 1897 Republic of Ireland subsequently provided funds for the employment of a inch to one mile (1:63,360) Ordnance Survey map of Ireland. The third map Illustrations 26 Goad, 1897 cartographic editor. The joint editors of the first four fascicles were J.H. common to all fascicles is a modern Ordnance Survey town plan at 1:5000. 27 Growth, to 1900 Plate 10 Patrick Street, c. 1900 A selection of facsimile maps is included, some with their accompanying Text figures Andrews (Department of Geography, Trinity College, Dublin) and Anngret 1 Location of the Viking town 11 View, c. 1900 Simms (Department of Geography, University College, Dublin). H.B. reference tables. Where possible there are also growth maps and large- 2 Conjectural layout of the Viking town 12 Limerick from the air, 2008 Clarke (Department of Medieval History, University College, Dublin) was scale single period maps reconstructing significant phases of development 3 Medieval Limerick Legend sheet appointed as an additional editor in 1990, Raymond Gillespie (Department before the end of the nineteenth century. Other graphic material includes the 4 Monastic and secular church land, c. 1300 Thanks are due to the institutions mentioned in the captions to the maps and plates for of History, National University of Ireland Maynooth) in 1994, and Jacinta town’s armorial bearings, if any, a modern air photograph and facsimiles 5 House types in Englishtown, 1654 permission to reproduce material in their custody. of early views. The text accompanying the maps comprises an introductory 6 House types in Irishtown, 1654 Prunty (Department of History, National University of Ireland Maynooth) 7 Manufacturing and markets, to 1900 Cover illustration: Thomond Bridge and Castle, 1826, by Robert O’Callaghan Newenham in 2008. John Andrews retired as editor and became consultant editor in essay, topographical information on the town as a whole and its component 8 Churches, to 1900 (Newenham, ii, plate 27). 1992. K.M. Davies acted as cartographic editor and project co-ordinator parts, selected documentary and literary extracts where appropriate, and a from September 1981 to January 1999. On her retirement Sarah Gearty was bibliography. IRISH HISTORIC TOWNS ATLAS The maps and topographical information are derived directly from appointed to the position. Angela Murphy became editorial assistant to the SERIES project in June 2001. Angela Byrne joined the project staff in 2003, and primary sources and to that extent are less likely to become out of date. VOLUME I Jennifer Moore joined in 2006. But readers may also expect to be given an interpretation of the sources, No. 1 KILDARE by J.H. Andrews The editorial board has been complemented by an editorial committee and this is the role of the introductory essay. Each town is described in No. 2 CARRICKFERGUS by Philip Robinson in which the editors have been joined over a period of time by Terry Barry relation to its physical site and setting, and its development is reviewed in No. 3 BANDON by Patrick O’Flanagan (Department of Medieval History, Trinity College, Dublin), John Bradley chronological sequence from the beginnings of urban life to the end of the No. 4 KELLS by Anngret Simms with Katharine Simms Downpatrick No. 5 MULLINGAR by J.H. Andrews with K.M. Davies • (Department of History, National University of Ireland Maynooth), M.J.D. nineteenth century, with a brief indication of its twentieth-century history. Armagh In the case of large cities, this is done over a series of linked parts. The No. 6 ATHLONE by Harman Murtagh Brand (former Director, Ordnance Survey of Northern Ireland), Mary Clark ISBN 1-874045-34-8 (City Archivist, Dublin City Library and Archive), M.E. Daly (College of essay is intended to deal primarily with the form and layout of the town Arts and Celtic Studies, University College, Dublin), Richard Haworth as expressed in the accompanying maps. Individual buildings may receive VOLUME II Tuam• (formerly of the Department of Geography, Trinity College, Dublin), attention as topographical entities, but the atlas does not usurp the functions No. 7 MAYNOOTH by Arnold Horner No. 8 DOWNPATRICK by R.H. Buchanan and Anthony Wilson A.A. Horner (School of Geography, Planning and Environmental Policy, of an archaeological or architectural survey. In the same spirit, political and Irish Historic Towns Atlas No. 9 BRAY by K.M. Davies • University College, Dublin), Richard Kirwan (former Director, Ordnance socio-economic factors are introduced in so far as they seem relevant to an Limerick understanding of the townscape and not as ends in themselves. No. 10 KILKENNY by John Bradley Survey Ireland), Tomás Ó Carragáin (Department of Archaeology, University No. 13 FETHARD by Tadhg O’Keeffe College Cork), Philip Robinson (formerly of the Ulster Folk and Transport The bibliography lists important items devoted to a single town or city for No. 14 TRIM by Mark Hennessy Museum), Geraldine Ruane (Chief Executive,Royal Ordnance Survey Irish Ireland), the Academy period, especially those of topographical relevance, and is not necessarily ISBN 1-904890-10-5 Katharine Simms (Department of Medieval History, Trinity College, Dublin), confined to works cited in the footnotes. Other sources mentioned in the Nos 1–10, 13, 14 also available as separate fascicles. Matthew Stout (Department of History, St Patrick’s College, Drumcondra), footnotes are not separately tabulated, except where their titles have been abbreviated in a way that requires explanation. Abbreviations of more No. 21 lIMERICK by Eamon O’Flaherty M.C. Walsh (former Director, Ordnance Survey Ireland) and Kevin Whelan No. 11 DUBLIN, part I, to 1610 by H.B. Clarke (School of History and Archives, University College Dublin) general application are listed inside the back cover of each fascicle. Grid (University of Notre Dame). The atlas is indebted to Ordnance Survey ISBN 1-874045-89-5 ISBN 978-1-904890-55-3 Ireland and Land and Property Services (formerly Ordnance Survey of references follow the Irish National Grid as shown on current Ordnance Survey maps, and throughout the atlas placenames are spelt as in the maps of No. 12 BELFAST, part I, to 1840 by Raymond Gillespie and Stephen A. Northern Ireland) for practical support from their respective institutions. Royle British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Catalogue record available Valuable assistance has also been received from the staff of the Royal Irish Ordnance Survey Ireland or Land and Property Services Northern Ireland. ISBN 0-9543855-0-0 from the British Library Academy. The editorial board is grateful to the Heritage Council, the Marc Finally the atlas expresses the belief that large-scale plans constitute the best kind of source material for a comparative analysis of the topography of No. 15 DERRY~LONDONDERRY by Avril Thomas Fitch Fund (Oxford) and the Luther I. Replogle Foundation (Washington ISBN 978-1-904890-13-X D.C.) for on-going support in the preparation of the atlas. European towns, whether as a starting point for retrospective topographical Cartography of Maps 1, 3 © Ordnance Survey Ireland/Government of Ireland The atlas has been planned as a series of fascicles, one or more for each research or as a basis for studying the changes associated with modern urban No. 16 DUNDALK by Harold O’Sullivan Copyright Permit No. MP 007409. Cartography of Map 2 by Land and Property town or city in a selection representing various size-categories, various expansion. As such, it is proving useful not only to students and teachers ISBN 978-1-904890-19-9 Services Northern Ireland. Figs 1–8, map 27 drawn by Sarah Gearty; map 24 drawn regions of the country from both the Republic of Ireland and Northern of history, geography, archaeology and architecture, but also to planners, by Angela Byrne. conservationists and local government officers, and thus directly or indirectly No. 17 BELFAST, part II, 1840 to 1900 by Stephen A. Royle Ireland, and various periods of origin, growth and change, with some bias in ISBN 978-1-904890-26-3 favour of the medieval period but not excluding the estate towns, industrial to all residents and visitors in the towns or cities concerned. No. 18 ARMAGH by Catherine McCullough and W.H. Crawford towns and resort towns characteristic of more modern times. Large cities October 2009 Anngret Simms ISBN 978-1-904890-18-8 are divided chronologically according to available cartographic sources. H.B. Clarke The Royal Irish Academy is grateful to Limerick City Council and Murray Ó Laoire The principal map in each fascicle is a large-scale (1:2500) representation Raymond Gillespie No. 19 DUBLIN, part II, 1610 to 1756 by Colm Lennon Architects for grants towards research and production. Thanks are also due to the Department of the town as it is believed to have stood at a period as close as possible Jacinta Prunty ISBN 978-1-904890-44-7 of Environment, Heritage and Local Government for a grant awarded from the Environmental Fund. No. 20 TUAM by J.A. Claffey Printed by Brunswick Press. ISBN 978-1-904890-47-8 © Royal Irish Academy 2010 IRISH HISTORIC TOWNS ATLAS No. 21

Extracts from selected maps contained in Irish Historic Towns Atlas, no. 21, Limerick lIMERICK

Map 2 Reconstruction, 1840 Map 6 Hardiman, c. 1590 Map 18 Colles, 1769

Irish Historic Towns Atlas Royal Irish Academy By EAMON O’FLAHERTY EDITORS Anngret Simms H.B. Clarke Raymond Gillespie Jacinta Prunty

CONSULTANT EDITOR J.H. Andrews