Irish Historic Towns Atlas (IHTA), No. 25, Ennis Author

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Irish Historic Towns Atlas (IHTA), no. 25, Ennis

Author: Brian Ó Dálaigh Editors: Anngret Simms, H.B. Clarke, Raymond Gillespie, Jacinta Prunty Consultant editor: J.H. Andrews Cartographic editor: Sarah Gearty Editorial assistants: Angela Murphy, Jennnifer Moore

Printed and published in 2012 by the Royal Irish Academy, 19 Dawson Street, Dublin 2

Maps prepared in association with the Ordnance Survey Ireland and Land and Property Services Northern Ireland

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Introduction. In Brian Ó Dálaigh, Irish Historic Towns Atlas, no. 25, Ennis. Royal Irish Academy, Dublin, 2012 (www.ihta.ie, accessed 4 February 2016), cover, p. 2.

Acknowledgements (digital edition)

Digitisation: Eneclann Ltd Digital editor: Anne Rosenbusch Original copyright: Royal Irish Academy Irish Historic Towns Atlas Digital Working Group: Sarah Gearty, Keith Lilley, Jennifer Moore, Rachel Murphy, Paul Walsh, Jacinta Prunty Digital Repository of Ireland: Rebecca Grant Royal Irish Academy IT Department: Wayne Aherne, Derek Cosgrave

For further information, please visit www.ihta.ie IRISH HISTORIC TOWNS ATLAS ENNIS CONTENTS Page Extracts from selected maps contained in IRISH HISTORIC TOWNS ATLAS No. 25 Irish Historic Towns Atlas, no. 25, Ennis Preface and introduction Cover

General abbreviations Cover

The topographical development of Ennis 1

Topographical information 10 1 Name 10 2 Legal status 10 3 Parliamentary status 10 4 Proprietorial status 10 ENNIS 5 Municipal boundary 10 6 Administrative location 10 7 Administrative divisions 10 8 Population 10 9 Housing 10 10 Streets 10 11 Religion 14 12 Defence 15 13 Administration 15 14 Primary production 16 15 Manufacturing 16 16 Trades and services 19 17 Transport 21 Map 5 Moland, 1703 Map 2 Reconstruction, 1841 Map 14 Town plan, 1878 18 Utilities 21 19 Health 22 20 Education 22 21 Entertainment, memorials 23 and societies 22 Residence 24

Bibliography 25

Note on Map 2 27

Acknowledgements 27

Illustrations

Text figures 1 Medieval Ennis 2 Ennis c. 1550 to c. 1650 3 Ennis c. 1650 to c. 1750 4 Municipal boundaries 5 Valuation, 1855

Maps, views and photographs of Ennis (loose sheets) Map 1 Ordnance Survey, 1885–7, 1:50,000 2 Reconstruction, 1841, 1:2500 3 Ordnance Survey, 2011, 1:5000 4 Ellsworth, 1634 Plate 1 Dineley, 1681 Map 5 Moland, 1703 6 Hewett, 1736 7 Pelham, 1787 8 Coote, 1814 Plate 2 De Lond, 1820 Map 9 Mudge, 1832 10 Fair plan, 1840 11 Town plan, 1841 Irish Historic Towns Atlas 12 Carrigg, 1842 13 Kelly, 1848 14 Town plan, 1878 15 Growth, to 1894 By BRIAN Ó DÁLAIGHRoyal Irish Academy Plate 3 Abbey Street, c. 1900 4 O’Connell Street, c. 1900 5 Cornmarket Street, c. 1900 EDITORS 6 View looking west, c. 1960 7 Ennis from the air, 2011 Anngret Simms Legend sheet H.B. Clarke Raymond Gillespie The Royal Irish Academy is grateful to Ennis Town Council and Clare County Council for funding towards Jacinta Prunty production. Thanks also to the Heritage Council for a grant under the Heritage Education, Community & Outreach Grants Scheme 2012. CONSULTANT EDITOR J.H. Andrews

CARTOGRAPHIC EDITOR Cartography of Maps 1, 3 © Ordnance Survey Sarah Gearty Ireland/Government of Ireland Copyright Permit No. MP 0004312; Map 2 by Land and Property Royal Irish Academy Services Northern Ireland. Figs 1–5; Map 15 drawn EDITORIAL ASSISTANTS by Sarah Gearty. 19 Dawson Street, Dublin 2 Angela Murphy, Jennifer Moore 2012 Maps prepared in association with Cover illustration: market place and courthouse at Ennis, 1820, by William Turner de Lond (de Lond). Ordnance Survey Ireland and Land and Property Services Northern Ireland Printed by W.G. Baird Ltd. Royal Irish Academy

© Royal Irish Academy 2012 IRISH HISTORIC TOWNS ATLAS ENNIS CONTENTS Page Extracts from selected maps contained in IRISH HISTORIC TOWNS ATLAS No. 25 Irish Historic Towns Atlas, no. 25, Ennis Preface and introduction Cover

General abbreviations Cover

The topographical development of Ennis 1

Bibliography 25

Note on Map 2 27

Acknowledgements 27

Illustrations

Text figures 1 Medieval Ennis 2 Ennis c. 1550 to c. 1650 3 Ennis c. 1650 to c. 1750 4 Municipal boundaries 5 Valuation, 1855

Maps, views and photographs of Ennis (loose sheets)Irish Historic Towns Atlas Map 1 OrdnanceRoyal Survey Irish ,Academy 1885–7, 1:50,000 2 Reconstruction, 1841, 1:2500 3 Ordnance Survey, 2011, 1:5000 4 Ellsworth, 1634 Plate 1 Dineley, 1681 Map 5 Moland, 1703 6 Hewett, 1736 7 Pelham, 1787 8 Coote, 1814 Plate 2 De Lond, 1820 Map 9 Mudge, 1832 10 Fair plan, 1840 11 Town plan, 1841 12 Carrigg, 1842 13 Kelly, 1848 14 Town plan, 1878 15 Growth, to 1894 By BRIAN Ó DÁLAIGH Plate 3 Abbey Street, c. 1900 4 O’Connell Street, c. 1900 5 Cornmarket Street, c. 1900 EDITORS 6 View looking west, c. 1960 7 Ennis from the air, 2011 Anngret Simms Legend sheet H.B. Clarke Raymond Gillespie The Royal Irish Academy is grateful to Ennis Town Council and Clare County Council for funding towards Jacinta Prunty production. Thanks also to the Heritage Council for a grant under the Heritage Education, Community & Outreach Grants Scheme 2012. CONSULTANT EDITOR J.H. Andrews

Urban history as it is practised today is much more than the local study of the many countries and regions where historic towns atlases have been AFM Annála ríoghachta Éireann: Annals of the as The Irish fiants of the Tudor sovereigns … . 4 of a particular town. As part of social and economic history it needs a published since. Among these countries Ireland with its Irish Historic Towns kingdom of Ireland by the Four Masters, from vols. Dublin, 1994. comparative approach. The topographical aspects of towns, the layout of Atlas has produced a model in this respect. the earliest period to the year 1616. Ed. John Gwynn and Hadcock Gwynn, Aubrey and Hadcock, R.N. Medieval streets, rivers and canals, the site of public buildings and defence works O’Donovan. 7 vols. Dublin, 1851. religious houses: Ireland. London, 1970. and the general setting of the town in its geographical environment, are ALC The Annals of Loch Cé: a chronicle of Irish affairs HC House of commons sessional paper. particularly well suited to such a comparative approach. The International from A.D. 1014 to A.D. 1590. Ed. W.M. Hennessy. IAA Irish Architectural Archive, Dublin. Commission for the History of Towns, therefore, having recommended 2 vols. London, 1871. IHS Irish Historical Studies. Dublin, 1938–. since its foundation in 1955 the publication of historic towns atlases in its Ann. Clon. The Annals of Clonmacnoise, being annals of IHTA Irish historic towns atlas. Ed. J.H. Andrews, member countries, set out in 1968 a number of guidelines concerning the Ghent, 1995 Adriaan Verhulst† Ireland from the earliest period to A.D. 1408, Anngret Simms, H.B. Clarke, Raymond Gillespie translated into English, A.D. 1627, by Conell scale and contents of the principal maps to be included in these atlases. The President of the International and Jacinta Prunty. Dublin, 1986–. Mageoghagan. Ed. Denis Murphy. Dublin, 1896. IMC Irish Manuscripts Commission. Commission’s guidelines have been followed more or less strictly by most Commission for the History of Towns Ann. Conn. Annála Connacht: the Annals of Connacht (A.D. Ir. Builder The Irish Builder and Engineer. Dublin, 1867–. 1224–1544). Ed. A.M. Freeman. Dublin, 1944. Formerly The Dublin Builder. Dublin, 1859–66. Towns published Ann. Inisf. The Annals of Inisfallen (MS Rawlinson B 503). Lewis Lewis, Samuel. A topographical dictionary of to date Ed. Seán Mac Airt. Dublin, 1951. Ireland. 2 vols with atlas. London, 1837. Ann. Tig. The Annals of Tigernach. Ed. Whitley Stokes. Logainm Logainm. Bunachar logainmneacha na hÉireann Facsimile reprint from Revue Celtique, xvi–xviii — Placenames database of Ireland. Available at VOLUME I (1895–7). 2 vols. Lampeter, 1993. www.logainm.ie (last accessed 4 July 2012). No. 1 KILDARE AU 1, 2 (1) Annála Uladh, Annals of Ulster … : a chronicle Lucas Lucas, Richard. A general directory of the by J.H. Andrews of Irish affairs, 431 to 1541. Ed. W.M. Hennessy kingdom of Ireland … . Dublin, 1788. No. 2 CARRICKFERGUS by Philip Robinson Na buirgéisí, xii–xv aois INTRODUCTION and Bartholomew MacCarthy. 4 vols. 2nd ed. Mac Niocaill Mac Niocaill, Gearóid. . No. 3 BANDON Dublin, 1998; (2) The Annals of Ulster (to A.D. 2 vols. Dublin, 1964. by Patrick O’Flanagan 1131), pt 1, Text and translation. Ed. Seán Mac Mun. boundary repts Municipal corporation boundaries (Ireland) No. 4 KELLS Airt and Gearóid Mac Niocaill. Dublin, 1983. reports and plans. HC 1837 (301), xxix. It was in a spirit of co-operation after the second world war that in 1955 by the Ordnance Survey in 1832–42 and on the manuscript maps compiled by Anngret Simms BL British Library, London. Mun. corp. Ire. rept Municipal corporations (Ireland), appendices to with Katharine Simms the International Commission for the History of Towns recommended at the same time or soon afterwards by the General Valuation Office. Use Bodl. Bodleian Library, Oxford. the first report of the commissioners. HC 1835, No. 5 MULLINGAR the publication of a series of European national historic towns atlases to is also made of surviving contemporary estate maps and, where necessary, Boundary com. rept Municipal boundaries commission (Ireland), pt xxvii, xxviii; 1836, xxiv. by J.H. Andrews with K.M. Davies encourage a better understanding of common European roots and to facilitate of the earliest (1833–46) published Ordnance Survey maps at six inches to III, Report and evidence. HC 1881 [C.3089], 1. NAI National Archives of Ireland, Dublin. Formerly No. 6 ATHLONE comparative urban studies. Since then fascicles for c. 480 towns and cities one mile (1:10,560). The reconstructions include buildings, streets, roads, Cal. Carew MSS Calendar of the Carew manuscripts preserved in Public Record Office of Ireland. by Harman Murtagh in nineteen European countries have been published, more or less on the paths, yards, gardens, orchards, parks, fields and surface watercourses. the archiepiscopal library at Lambeth, 1515–74 NIAH intro./survey National Inventory of Architectural Heritage. ISBN 978-1-874045-34-2 lines recommended by the Commission. This volume is part of Ireland’s Contemporary names are used wherever possible. The base map on which [etc.]. 6 vols. London, 1867–73. An introduction to the architectural heritage VOLUME II contribution to the scheme. these data are assembled is the most accurate available nineteenth-century Cal. chart. rolls Calendar of the charter rolls, 1226–57 [etc]. 6 of County Meath [etc.]. Dublin, 2002–. Survey No. 7 MAYNOOTH vols. London, 1903–27. available at www.buildingsofireland.com (last by Arnold Horner At an interdisciplinary symposium on ‘Irish towns and medieval town plan, which in most cases is the one published by the Ordnance Survey No. 8 DOWNPATRICK Europe’, organised in 1978 by the Board of Medieval Studies in University on a scale of either 1:1056 or 1:500 at some time during the period 1855–95. Cal. doc. Ire. Calendar of documents relating to Ireland, 1171– accessed 4 July 2012). 1251 [etc.]. 5 vols. London, 1875–86. NHI A new history of Ireland. Ed. T.W. Moody, F.X. by R.H. Buchanan College, Dublin, the idea of an Irish historic towns atlas was first publicly A second map shows the town in its mid-nineteenth-century setting at and Anthony Wilson Cal. justic. rolls Ire. Calendar of the justiciary rolls or proceedings in Martin, F.J. Byrne, and others. 9 vols. Oxford, No. 9 BRAY discussed following a lecture by Heinz Stoob from Münster on the German 1:50,000. This has been prepared from the first (1855–95) edition of the one the court of the justiciar of Ireland, 1295–1303 1976–2005. towns atlas project. In June 1981 the Council of the Royal Irish Academy inch to one mile (1:63,360) Ordnance Survey map of Ireland. The third map by K.M. Davies [etc.]. 3 vols. Dublin, 1905–56. NLI National Library of Ireland, Dublin. No. 10 KILKENNY agreed to publish the Irish Historic Towns Atlas and the government of the common to all fascicles is a modern Ordnance Survey town plan at 1:5000. Cal. papal letters Calendar of entries in the papal registers relating OSM Ordnance Survey memoirs, RIA. by John Bradley Republic of Ireland subsequently provided funds for the employment of a A selection of facsimile maps is included, some with their accompanying to Great Britain and Ireland: papal letters, 1198– Parl. boundary repts Parliamentary representation: boundary reports, No. 13 FETHARD cartographic editor. The joint editors of the first four fascicles were J.H. reference tables. Where possible there are also growth maps and large 1304 [etc.]. London and Dublin, 1893–. Ireland. HC 1831–2 (519), xliii. by Tadhg O’Keeffe Andrews (Department of Geography, Trinity College, Dublin) and Anngret scale single period maps reconstructing significant phases of development Cal. pat. rolls Calendar of the patent rolls, 1216–25 [etc]. Parl. gaz. The parliamentary gazetteer of Ireland. 3 vols. No. 14 TRIM Simms (Department of Geography, University College, Dublin). H.B. before the end of the nineteenth century. Other graphic material includes the London, 1901–. London, 1846. by Mark Hennessy Clarke (Department of Medieval History, University College, Dublin) was town’s armorial bearings, if any, a modern air photograph and facsimiles of Cal. pat. rolls Ire. Calendar of the patent and close rolls of chancery Petty Petty, William. Hiberniae delineatio quoad ISBN 978-1-904890-10-2 appointed as an additional editor in 1990, Raymond Gillespie (Department early views. The text accompanying the maps comprises an introductory in Ireland. 3 vols. Dublin, 1861–3. hactenus licuit perfectissima … . [London], 1685. VOLUME III of History, National University of Ireland Maynooth) in 1994, and Jacinta essay, topographical information on the town as a whole and its component Cal. pat. rolls Ire., Jas I Irish patent rolls of James I: facsimile of the Irish Pigot Pigot’s national commercial directory of Ireland. No. 15 DERRY~LONDONDERRY Prunty (Department of History, National University of Ireland Maynooth) in parts, selected documentary and literary extracts where appropriate, and a record commissioners’ calendar prepared prior to Dublin, 1824. by Avril Thomas 1830. IMC, Dublin, 1966. Pratt Pratt, Henry. A map of the kingdom of Ireland No. 16 DUNDALK 2008. John Andrews retired as editor and became consultant editor in 1992. bibliography. Cal. S.P. Ire. Calendar of the state papers relating to Ireland, newly corrected and improved … with plans of by Harold O’Sullivan Irish Historic Towns Atlas K.M. Davies was cartographic editor and project co-ordinator from 1981 to The maps and topographical information are derived directly from 1509–73 [etc.]. 24 vols. London, 1860–1910. the citys and fortified towns … . London, [1708]. No. 18 ARMAGH 1999. On her retirement Sarah Gearty was appointed to the position. Angela primary sources and to that extent are less likely to become out of date. Cal. treas. bks Calendar of treasury books. 32 vols. London, Reprinted Dublin, [1732]. Royalby Irish Catherine Academy McCullough Murphy became editorial assistant to the project in 2001. Angela Byrne was But readers may also expect to be given an interpretation of the sources, and W.H. Crawford 1904–62. Primary educ. returns Royal commission of inquiry, primary education No. 20 TUAM with the project staff from 2003 to 2010 and Jennifer Moore joined the team and this is the role of the introductory essay. Each town is described in Census, 1659 A census of Ireland circa 1659. Ed. Séamus (Ireland), vi, Educational census. Returns by J.A. Claffey in 2006. relation to its physical site and setting, and its development is reviewed in Pender. IMC, Dublin, 1939; 2nd ed., 2002. showing the number of children actually present No. 21 LIMERICK The editorial board has been complemented by an editorial committee chronological sequence from the beginnings of urban life to the end of the Census, 1821 [etc.] Printed census reports (for full references see W.E. in each primary school on 25th June 1868 … . HC by Eamon O’Flaherty in which the editors have been joined over a period of time by Terry Barry nineteenth century, with a brief indication of its twentieth-century history. Vaughan and A.J. Fitzpatrick, Irish historical 1870 [C.6.v], xxviii, pt V. ISBN 978-1-904890-78-2 statistics 1821–1971 (Dublin, 1978), pp 355–61). PRI rept D.K. 1 [etc.] First [etc.] report of the deputy keeper of the (Department of Medieval History, Trinity College, Dublin), John Bradley In the case of large cities, this is done over a series of linked parts. The Nos 1–10, 13–16, 18, 20, 21 also available as (Department of History, National University of Ireland Maynooth), M.J.D. essay is intended to deal primarily with the form and layout of the town Census returns, 1901 [etc.] Unpublished census returns, NAI. public records in Ireland. Dublin, 1869–. separate fascicles. Brand (former Director, Ordnance Survey of Northern Ireland), Mary Clark as expressed in the accompanying maps. Individual buildings may receive Chartae Chartae, privilegia et immunitates, being PRONI Public Record Office of Northern Ireland, Belfast. transcripts of charters and privileges to cities, Publ. instr. rept 1 First report of the commissioners on public No. 11 DUBLIN, part I, to 1610 (City Archivist, Dublin City Library and Archive), M.E. Daly (College of attention as topographical entities, but the atlas does not usurp the functions towns, abbeys, and other bodies corporate … . instruction, Ireland. HC 1835 [45, 46], xxxiii. by H.B. Clarke Arts and Celtic Studies, University College, Dublin), Richard Haworth of an archaeological or architectural survey. In the same spirit, political and Dublin, 1829–30. Publ. instr. rept 2 Second report of the commissioners on public ISBN 978-1-874045-89-2 (formerly of the Department of Geography, Trinity College, Dublin), A.A. socio-economic factors are introduced in so far as they seem relevant to an Chron. Scot. Chronicum Scotorum: a chronicle of Irish affairs instruction, Ireland. HC 1835 [47], xxxiv. No. 12 BELFAST, part I, to 1840 Horner (formerly of School of Geography, Planning and Environmental understanding of the townscape and not as ends in themselves. … to A.D. 1135, with a supplement … from 1141 RC Roman Catholic. by Raymond Gillespie Policy, University College, Dublin), Richard Kirwan (former Director, The bibliography lists important items devoted to a single town or to 1150. Ed. W.M. Hennessy. London, 1866. RCB Representative Church Body Library, Dublin. and Stephen A. Royle Ordnance Survey Ireland), Tomás Ó Carragáin (Department of Archaeology, city for the period, especially those of topographical relevance, and is not C. of I. Church of Ireland. RD Registry of Deeds, Dublin, memorials of deeds. ISBN 978-0-954385-50-7 University College Cork), Philip Robinson (formerly of the Ulster Folk and necessarily confined to works cited in the footnotes. Other sources mentioned Commons’ jn. Ire. Journals of the house of commons of the kingdom RIA/RIA Proc. Royal Irish Academy, Dublin (Proceedings of ). No. 17 BELFAST, part II, 1840 to 1900 Transport Museum), Geraldine Ruane (Chief Executive, Ordnance Survey in the footnotes are not separately tabulated, except where their titles have of Ireland. Printed in four series (for full lists see Dublin, 1836–. by Stephen A. Royle Ireland), Katharine Simms (formerly of Department of Medieval History, been abbreviated in a way that requires explanation. Abbreviations of more H.D. Gribbon, ‘Journals of the Irish house of RSAI Jn. Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of ISBN 978-1-904890-26-3 Trinity College, Dublin), Matthew Stout (Department of History, St Patrick’s general application are listed inside the back cover of each fascicle. Grid commons’, An Leabharlann: the Irish Library, Ireland. Dublin, 1850–. No. 19 DUBLIN, part II, 1610 to 1756 College, Drumcondra) and Kevin Whelan (University of Notre Dame). The references follow the Irish Grid co-ordinate system as shown on current 2nd ser., ii (1985), pp 52–5). Slater Slater’s national commercial directory of Ireland. by Colm Lennon CS The civil survey, A.D. 1654–56. Ed. R.C. Manchester, 1846, etc. ISBN 978-1-904890-44-7 atlas is indebted to the directors of Ordnance Survey Ireland and Land and paper Ordnance Survey maps, and throughout the atlas placenames are spelt Simington. 10 vols. IMC, Dublin, 1931–61. Stat. Ire. The statutes at large passed in the parliaments No. 22 LONGFORD Property Services (formerly Ordnance Survey of Northern Ireland) for as in the maps of Ordnance Survey Ireland or Land and Property Services Education repts Reports from the commissioners of the board of held in Ireland … . 22 vols. Dublin, 1786–1801. by Sarah Gearty, Martin Morris practical support from their respective institutions. Valuable assistance has Northern Ireland. education in Ireland. HC 1813 (47), v. Taylor and Skinner Taylor, George and Skinner, Andrew. Maps of the also been received from the staff of the Royal Irish Academy. The editorial Finally the atlas expresses the belief that large-scale plans constitute the and Fergus O’Ferrall Endowed schools rept Report of the commissioners for enquiring into the roads of Ireland, surveyed in 1777. London and ISBN 978-1-904890-67-6 board is grateful to the Heritage Council, the Marc Fitch Fund (Oxford) and best kind of source material for a comparative analysis of the topography of endowed schools in Ireland. HC 1857–8 [2336], Dublin, 1778. the Luther I. Replogle Foundation (Washington D.C.) for on-going support European towns, whether as a starting point for retrospective topographical xxii, pt iv; 1881 [2831], xxxv, pt i. TCD Trinity College, Dublin. No. 23 CARLINGFORD by Harold O’Sullivan and Excavations Excavations 1969: summary accounts of Thom Thom’s Irish almanac and official directory. in the preparation of the atlas. research or as a basis for studying the changes associated with modern urban Raymond Gillespie The atlas has been planned as a series of fascicles, one or more for each expansion. As such, it is proving useful not only to students and teachers archaeological excavations in Ireland [etc.]. Dublin, 1844, etc. ISBN 978-1-904890-76-8 Dublin and Bray, 1969–76, 1985–. Available at Thomas Thomas, Avril. The walled towns of Ireland. 2 town or city in a selection representing various size-categories, various of history, geography, archaeology and architecture, but also to planners, No. 24 SLIGO regions of the country from both the Republic of Ireland and Northern conservationists and local government officers, and thus directly or indirectly www.excavations.ie (last accessed 4 July 2012). vols. Dublin, 1992. Extents Ir. mon. possessions Extents of Irish monastic possessions, 1540–41, TNA: PRO The National Archives: Public Record Office, by Fióna Gallagher and Ireland, and various periods of origin, growth and change, with some bias in to all residents and visitors in the towns or cities concerned. Marie-Louise Legg from manuscripts in the Public Record Office, Kew. ISBN 978-1-904890-77-5 favour of the medieval period but not excluding the estate towns, industrial London. Ed. N.B. White. IMC, Dublin, 1943. UJA Ulster Journal of Archaeology. Belfast, 1853–. towns and resort towns characteristic of more modern times. Large cities Fairs and markets rept Report of the commissioners appointed to inquire Urb. Arch. Survey Urban Archaeology Survey, National Monuments No. 25 ENNIS are divided chronologically according to available cartographic sources. June 2012 Anngret Simms into the state of the fairs and markets in Ireland. Service, Department of the Environment, Heritage by Brian Ó Dálaigh The principal map in each fascicle is a large-scale (1:2500) representation H.B. Clarke HC 1852–3 [1674], xli. and Local Government. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data of the town as it is believed to have stood at a period as close as possible Raymond Gillespie Fiants ‘Calendar of fiants of Henry VIII … Elizabeth’. In Watson Watson, John, and others. The gentleman and Catalogue record available from the British Library to 1840. The reconstruction is based on the manuscript town plans made Jacinta Prunty PRI repts D.K. 7–22. Dublin, 1875–90. Reprinted citizen’s almanack. Dublin, 1729–1844. ISBN 978-1-908996-00-8 PREFACE GENERAL ABBREVIATIONS IRISH HISTORIC TOWNS ATLAS

Urban history as it is practised today is much more than the local study of the many countries and regions where historic towns atlases have been AFM Annála ríoghachta Éireann: Annals of the as The Irish fiants of the Tudor sovereigns … . 4 of a particular town. As part of social and economic history it needs a published since. Among these countries Ireland with its Irish Historic Towns kingdom of Ireland by the Four Masters, from vols. Dublin, 1994. comparative approach. The topographical aspects of towns, the layout of Atlas has produced a model in this respect. the earliest period to the year 1616. Ed. John Gwynn and Hadcock Gwynn, Aubrey and Hadcock, R.N. Medieval streets, rivers and canals, the site of public buildings and defence works O’Donovan. 7 vols. Dublin, 1851. religious houses: Ireland. London, 1970. and the general setting of the town in its geographical environment, are ALC The Annals of Loch Cé: a chronicle of Irish affairs HC House of commons sessional paper. particularly well suited to such a comparative approach. The International from A.D. 1014 to A.D. 1590. Ed. W.M. Hennessy. IAA Irish Architectural Archive, Dublin. Commission for the History of Towns, therefore, having recommended 2 vols. London, 1871. IHS Irish Historical Studies. Dublin, 1938–. since its foundation in 1955 the publication of historic towns atlases in its Ann. Clon. The Annals of Clonmacnoise, being annals of IHTA Irish historic towns atlas. Ed. J.H. Andrews, member countries, set out in 1968 a number of guidelines concerning the Ghent, 1995 Adriaan Verhulst† Ireland from the earliest period to A.D. 1408, Anngret Simms, H.B. Clarke, Raymond Gillespie translated into English, A.D. 1627, by Conell scale and contents of the principal maps to be included in these atlases. The President of the International and Jacinta Prunty. Dublin, 1986–. Mageoghagan. Ed. Denis Murphy. Dublin, 1896. IMC Irish Manuscripts Commission. Commission’s guidelines have been followed more or less strictly by most Commission for the History of Towns Ann. Conn. Annála Connacht: the Annals of Connacht (A.D. Ir. Builder The Irish Builder and Engineer. Dublin, 1867–. 1224–1544). Ed. A.M. Freeman. Dublin, 1944. Formerly The Dublin Builder. Dublin, 1859–66. Towns published Ann. Inisf. The Annals of Inisfallen (MS Rawlinson B 503). Lewis Lewis, Samuel. A topographical dictionary of to date Ed. Seán Mac Airt. Dublin, 1951. Ireland. 2 vols with atlas. London, 1837. Ann. Tig. The Annals of Tigernach. Ed. Whitley Stokes. Logainm Logainm. Bunachar logainmneacha na hÉireann Facsimile reprint from Revue Celtique, xvi–xviii — Placenames database of Ireland. Available at VOLUME I (1895–7). 2 vols. Lampeter, 1993. www.logainm.ie (last accessed 4 July 2012). No. 1 KILDARE AU 1, 2 (1) Annála Uladh, Annals of Ulster … : a chronicle Lucas Lucas, Richard. A general directory of the by J.H. Andrews of Irish affairs, 431 to 1541. Ed. W.M. Hennessy kingdom of Ireland … . Dublin, 1788. No. 2 CARRICKFERGUS by Philip Robinson Na buirgéisí, xii–xv aois INTRODUCTION and Bartholomew MacCarthy. 4 vols. 2nd ed. Mac Niocaill Mac Niocaill, Gearóid. . No. 3 BANDON Dublin, 1998; (2) The Annals of Ulster (to A.D. 2 vols. Dublin, 1964. by Patrick O’Flanagan 1131), pt 1, Text and translation. Ed. Seán Mac Mun. boundary repts Municipal corporation boundaries (Ireland) No. 4 KELLS Airt and Gearóid Mac Niocaill. Dublin, 1983. reports and plans. HC 1837 (301), xxix. It was in a spirit of co-operation after the second world war that in 1955 by the Ordnance Survey in 1832–42 and on the manuscript maps compiled by Anngret Simms BL British Library, London. Mun. corp. Ire. rept Municipal corporations (Ireland), appendices to with Katharine Simms the International Commission for the History of Towns recommended at the same time or soon afterwards by the General Valuation Office. Use Bodl. Bodleian Library, Oxford. the first report of the commissioners. HC 1835, No. 5 MULLINGAR the publication of a series of European national historic towns atlases to is also made of surviving contemporary estate maps and, where necessary, Boundary com. rept Municipal boundaries commission (Ireland), pt xxvii, xxviii; 1836, xxiv. by J.H. Andrews with K.M. Davies encourage a better understanding of common European roots and to facilitate of the earliest (1833–46) published Ordnance Survey maps at six inches to III, Report and evidence. HC 1881 [C.3089], 1. NAI National Archives of Ireland, Dublin. Formerly No. 6 ATHLONE comparative urban studies. Since then fascicles for c. 480 towns and cities one mile (1:10,560). The reconstructions include buildings, streets, roads, Cal. Carew MSS Calendar of the Carew manuscripts preserved in Public Record Office of Ireland. by Harman Murtagh in nineteen European countries have been published, more or less on the paths, yards, gardens, orchards, parks, fields and surface watercourses. the archiepiscopal library at Lambeth, 1515–74 NIAH intro./survey National Inventory of Architectural Heritage. ISBN 978-1-874045-34-2 lines recommended by the Commission. This volume is part of Ireland’s Contemporary names are used wherever possible. The base map on which [etc.]. 6 vols. London, 1867–73. An introduction to the architectural heritage VOLUME II contribution to the scheme. these data are assembled is the most accurate available nineteenth-century Cal. chart. rolls Calendar of the charter rolls, 1226–57 [etc]. 6 of County Meath [etc.]. Dublin, 2002–. Survey No. 7 MAYNOOTH vols. London, 1903–27. available at www.buildingsofireland.com (last by Arnold Horner At an interdisciplinary symposium on ‘Irish towns and medieval town plan, which in most cases is the one published by the Ordnance Survey No. 8 DOWNPATRICK Europe’, organised in 1978 by the Board of Medieval Studies in University on a scale of either 1:1056 or 1:500 at some time during the period 1855–95. Cal. doc. Ire. Calendar of documents relating to Ireland, 1171– accessed 4 July 2012). 1251 [etc.]. 5 vols. London, 1875–86. NHI A new history of Ireland. Ed. T.W. Moody, F.X. by R.H. Buchanan College, Dublin, the idea of an Irish historic towns atlas was first publicly A second map shows the town in its mid-nineteenth-century setting at and Anthony Wilson Cal. justic. rolls Ire. Calendar of the justiciary rolls or proceedings in Martin, F.J. Byrne, and others. 9 vols. Oxford, No. 9 BRAY discussed following a lecture by Heinz Stoob from Münster on the German 1:50,000. This has been prepared from the first (1855–95) edition of the one the court of the justiciar of Ireland, 1295–1303 1976–2005. towns atlas project. In June 1981 the Council of the Royal Irish Academy inch to one mile (1:63,360) Ordnance Survey map of Ireland. The third map by K.M. Davies [etc.]. 3 vols. Dublin, 1905–56. NLI National Library of Ireland, Dublin. No. 10 KILKENNY agreed to publish the Irish Historic Towns Atlas and the government of the common to all fascicles is a modern Ordnance Survey town plan at 1:5000. Cal. papal letters Calendar of entries in the papal registers relating OSM Ordnance Survey memoirs, RIA. by John Bradley Republic of Ireland subsequently provided funds for the employment of a A selection of facsimile maps is included, some with their accompanying to Great Britain and Ireland: papal letters, 1198– Parl. boundary repts Parliamentary representation: boundary reports, No. 13 FETHARD cartographic editor. The joint editors of the first four fascicles were J.H. reference tables. Where possible there are also growth maps and large 1304 [etc.]. London and Dublin, 1893–. Ireland. HC 1831–2 (519), xliii. by Tadhg O’Keeffe Andrews (Department of Geography, Trinity College, Dublin) and Anngret scale single period maps reconstructing significant phases of development Cal. pat. rolls Calendar of the patent rolls, 1216–25 [etc]. Parl. gaz. The parliamentary gazetteer of Ireland. 3 vols. No. 14 TRIM Simms (Department of Geography, University College, Dublin). H.B. before the end of the nineteenth century. Other graphic material includes the London, 1901–. London, 1846. by Mark Hennessy Clarke (Department of Medieval History, University College, Dublin) was town’s armorial bearings, if any, a modern air photograph and facsimiles of Cal. pat. rolls Ire. Calendar of the patent and close rolls of chancery Petty Petty, William. Hiberniae delineatio quoad ISBN 978-1-904890-10-2 appointed as an additional editor in 1990, Raymond Gillespie (Department early views. The text accompanying the maps comprises an introductory in Ireland. 3 vols. Dublin, 1861–3. hactenus licuit perfectissima … . [London], 1685. VOLUME III of History, National University of Ireland Maynooth) in 1994, and Jacinta essay, topographical information on the town as a whole and its component Cal. pat. rolls Ire., Jas I Irish patent rolls of James I: facsimile of the Irish Pigot Pigot’s national commercial directory of Ireland. No. 15 DERRY~LONDONDERRY Prunty (Department of History, National University of Ireland Maynooth) in parts, selected documentary and literary extracts where appropriate, and a record commissioners’ calendar prepared prior to Dublin, 1824. by Avril Thomas 1830. IMC, Dublin, 1966. Pratt Pratt, Henry. A map of the kingdom of Ireland No. 16 DUNDALK 2008. John Andrews retired as editor and became consultant editor in 1992. bibliography. Cal. S.P. Ire. Calendar of the state papers relating to Ireland, newly corrected and improved … with plans of by Harold O’Sullivan K.M. Davies was cartographic editor and project co-ordinator from 1981 to The maps and topographical information are derived directly from 1509–73 [etc.]. 24 vols. London, 1860–1910. the citys and fortified towns … . London, [1708]. No. 18 ARMAGH 1999. On her retirement Sarah Gearty was appointed to the position. Angela primary sources and to that extent are less likely to become out of date. Cal. treas. bks Calendar of treasury books. 32 vols. London, Reprinted Dublin, [1732]. by Catherine McCullough Murphy became editorial assistant to the project in 2001. Angela Byrne was But readers may also expect to be given an interpretation of the sources, and W.H. Crawford 1904–62. Primary educ. returns Royal commission of inquiry, primary education No. 20 TUAM with the project staff from 2003 to 2010 and Jennifer Moore joined the team and this is the role of the introductory essay. Each town is described in Census, 1659 A census of Ireland circa 1659. Ed. Séamus (Ireland), vi, Educational census. Returns by J.A. Claffey in 2006. relation to its physical site and setting, and its development is reviewed in Pender. IMC, Dublin, 1939; 2nd ed., 2002. showing the number of children actually present No. 21 LIMERICK The editorial board has been complemented by an editorial committee chronological sequence from the beginnings of urban life to the end of the Census, 1821 [etc.] Printed census reports (for full references see W.E. in each primary school on 25th June 1868 … . HC by Eamon O’Flaherty in which the editors have been joined over a period of time by Terry Barry nineteenth century, with a brief indication of its twentieth-century history. Vaughan and A.J. Fitzpatrick, Irish historical 1870 [C.6.v], xxviii, pt V. ISBN 978-1-904890-78-2 statistics 1821–1971 (Dublin, 1978), pp 355–61). PRI rept D.K. 1 [etc.] First [etc.] report of the deputy keeper of the (Department of Medieval History, Trinity College, Dublin), John Bradley In the case of large cities, this is done over a series of linked parts. The Nos 1–10, 13–16, 18, 20, 21 also available as (Department of History, National University of Ireland Maynooth), M.J.D. essay is intended to deal primarily with the form and layout of the town Census returns, 1901 [etc.] Unpublished census returns, NAI. public records in Ireland. Dublin, 1869–. separate fascicles. Brand (former Director, Ordnance Survey of Northern Ireland), Mary Clark as expressed in the accompanying maps. Individual buildings may receive Chartae Chartae, privilegia et immunitates, being PRONI Public Record Office of Northern Ireland, Belfast. transcripts of charters and privileges to cities, Publ. instr. rept 1 First report of the commissioners on public No. 11 DUBLIN, part I, to 1610 (City Archivist, Dublin City Library and Archive), M.E. Daly (College of attention as topographical entities, but the atlas does not usurp the functions towns, abbeys, and other bodies corporate … . instruction, Ireland. HC 1835 [45, 46], xxxiii. by H.B. Clarke Arts and Celtic Studies, University College, Dublin), Richard Haworth of an archaeological or architectural survey. In the same spirit, political and Dublin, 1829–30. Publ. instr. rept 2 Second report of the commissioners on public ISBN 978-1-874045-89-2 (formerly of the Department ofIrish Geography, Trinity Historic College, Dublin), A.A. Townssocio-economic factors are Atlasintroduced in so far as they seem relevant to an Chron. Scot. Chronicum Scotorum: a chronicle of Irish affairs instruction, Ireland. HC 1835 [47], xxxiv. No. 12 BELFAST, part I, to 1840 Horner (formerly of School of Geography, Planning and Environmental understanding of the townscape and not as ends in themselves. … to A.D. 1135, with a supplement … from 1141 RC Roman Catholic. by Raymond Gillespie Policy, University College, Dublin), Richard Kirwan (former Director, The bibliography lists important items devoted to a single town or to 1150. Ed. W.M. Hennessy. London, 1866. RCB Representative Church Body Library, Dublin. and Stephen A. Royle Ordnance Survey Ireland), Tomás Ó Carragáin (Department of Archaeology, city for the period, especially those of topographical relevance, and is not C. of I. Church of Ireland. RD Registry of Deeds, Dublin, memorials of deeds. ISBN 978-0-954385-50-7 University College Cork), Philip Robinson (formerly of the Ulster Folk and necessarily confined to works cited in the footnotes. Other sources mentioned Commons’ jn. Ire. Journals of the house of commons of the kingdom RIA/RIA Proc. Royal Irish Academy, Dublin (Proceedings of ). No. 17 BELFAST, part II, 1840 to 1900 Transport Museum), Geraldine Ruane (ChiefRoyal Executive, Ordnance Irish Survey inAcademy the footnotes are not separately tabulated, except where their titles have of Ireland. Printed in four series (for full lists see Dublin, 1836–. by Stephen A. Royle Ireland), Katharine Simms (formerly of Department of Medieval History, been abbreviated in a way that requires explanation. Abbreviations of more H.D. Gribbon, ‘Journals of the Irish house of RSAI Jn. Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of ISBN 978-1-904890-26-3 Trinity College, Dublin), Matthew Stout (Department of History, St Patrick’s general application are listed inside the back cover of each fascicle. Grid commons’, An Leabharlann: the Irish Library, Ireland. Dublin, 1850–. No. 19 DUBLIN, part II, 1610 to 1756 College, Drumcondra) and Kevin Whelan (University of Notre Dame). The references follow the Irish Grid co-ordinate system as shown on current 2nd ser., ii (1985), pp 52–5). Slater Slater’s national commercial directory of Ireland. by Colm Lennon CS The civil survey, A.D. 1654–56. Ed. R.C. Manchester, 1846, etc. ISBN 978-1-904890-44-7 atlas is indebted to the directors of Ordnance Survey Ireland and Land and paper Ordnance Survey maps, and throughout the atlas placenames are spelt Simington. 10 vols. IMC, Dublin, 1931–61. Stat. Ire. The statutes at large passed in the parliaments No. 22 LONGFORD Property Services (formerly Ordnance Survey of Northern Ireland) for as in the maps of Ordnance Survey Ireland or Land and Property Services Education repts Reports from the commissioners of the board of held in Ireland … . 22 vols. Dublin, 1786–1801. by Sarah Gearty, Martin Morris practical support from their respective institutions. Valuable assistance has Northern Ireland. education in Ireland. HC 1813 (47), v. Taylor and Skinner Taylor, George and Skinner, Andrew. Maps of the also been received from the staff of the Royal Irish Academy. The editorial Finally the atlas expresses the belief that large-scale plans constitute the and Fergus O’Ferrall Endowed schools rept Report of the commissioners for enquiring into the roads of Ireland, surveyed in 1777. London and ISBN 978-1-904890-67-6 board is grateful to the Heritage Council, the Marc Fitch Fund (Oxford) and best kind of source material for a comparative analysis of the topography of endowed schools in Ireland. HC 1857–8 [2336], Dublin, 1778. the Luther I. Replogle Foundation (Washington D.C.) for on-going support European towns, whether as a starting point for retrospective topographical xxii, pt iv; 1881 [2831], xxxv, pt i. TCD Trinity College, Dublin. No. 23 CARLINGFORD by Harold O’Sullivan and Excavations Excavations 1969: summary accounts of Thom Thom’s Irish almanac and official directory. in the preparation of the atlas. research or as a basis for studying the changes associated with modern urban Raymond Gillespie The atlas has been planned as a series of fascicles, one or more for each expansion. As such, it is proving useful not only to students and teachers archaeological excavations in Ireland [etc.]. Dublin, 1844, etc. ISBN 978-1-904890-76-8 Dublin and Bray, 1969–76, 1985–. Available at Thomas Thomas, Avril. The walled towns of Ireland. 2 town or city in a selection representing various size-categories, various of history, geography, archaeology and architecture, but also to planners, No. 24 SLIGO regions of the country from both the Republic of Ireland and Northern conservationists and local government officers, and thus directly or indirectly www.excavations.ie (last accessed 4 July 2012). vols. Dublin, 1992. Extents Ir. mon. possessions Extents of Irish monastic possessions, 1540–41, TNA: PRO The National Archives: Public Record Office, by Fióna Gallagher and Ireland, and various periods of origin, growth and change, with some bias in to all residents and visitors in the towns or cities concerned. Marie-Louise Legg from manuscripts in the Public Record Office, Kew. ISBN 978-1-904890-77-5 favour of the medieval period but not excluding the estate towns, industrial London. Ed. N.B. White. IMC, Dublin, 1943. UJA Ulster Journal of Archaeology. Belfast, 1853–. towns and resort towns characteristic of more modern times. Large cities Fairs and markets rept Report of the commissioners appointed to inquire Urb. Arch. Survey Urban Archaeology Survey, National Monuments No. 25 ENNIS are divided chronologically according to available cartographic sources. June 2012 Anngret Simms into the state of the fairs and markets in Ireland. Service, Department of the Environment, Heritage by Brian Ó Dálaigh The principal map in each fascicle is a large-scale (1:2500) representation H.B. Clarke HC 1852–3 [1674], xli. and Local Government. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data of the town as it is believed to have stood at a period as close as possible Raymond Gillespie Fiants ‘Calendar of fiants of Henry VIII … Elizabeth’. In Watson Watson, John, and others. The gentleman and Catalogue record available from the British Library to 1840. The reconstruction is based on the manuscript town plans made Jacinta Prunty PRI repts D.K. 7–22. Dublin, 1875–90. Reprinted citizen’s almanack. Dublin, 1729–1844. ISBN 978-1-908996-00-8 IRISH HISTORIC TOWNS ATLAS ENNIS CONTENTS Page Extracts from selected maps contained in IRISH HISTORIC TOWNS ATLAS No. 25 Irish Historic Towns Atlas, no. 25, Ennis Preface and introduction Cover

General abbreviations Cover

The topographical development of Ennis 1

Bibliography 25

Note on Map 2 27

Acknowledgements 27

Illustrations

Text figures 1 Medieval Ennis 2 Ennis c. 1550 to c. 1650 3 Ennis c. 1650 to c. 1750 4 Municipal boundaries 5 Valuation, 1855

Maps, views and photographs of Ennis (loose sheets) Map 1 Ordnance Survey, 1885–7, 1:50,000 2 Reconstruction, 1841, 1:2500 3 Ordnance Survey, 2011, 1:5000 4 Ellsworth, 1634 Plate 1 Dineley, 1681 Map 5 Moland, 1703 6 Hewett, 1736 7 Pelham, 1787 8 Coote, 1814 Plate 2 De Lond, 1820 Map 9 Mudge, 1832 10 Fair plan, 1840 11 Town plan, 1841 12 Carrigg, 1842 Irish Historic Towns Atlas 13 Kelly, 1848 14 Town plan, 1878 15 Growth, to 1894 By BRIAN Ó DÁLAIGH Plate 3 Abbey Street, c. 1900 Royal Irish Academy 4 O’Connell Street, c. 1900 5 Cornmarket Street, c. 1900 EDITORS 6 View looking west, c. 1960 7 Ennis from the air, 2011 Anngret Simms Legend sheet H.B. Clarke Raymond Gillespie The Royal Irish Academy is grateful to Ennis Town Council and Clare County Council for funding towards Jacinta Prunty production. Thanks also to the Heritage Council for a grant under the Heritage Education, Community & Outreach Grants Scheme 2012. CONSULTANT EDITOR J.H. Andrews