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POROČILO Belohrbti Detel Prehrana LIFE KOCEVSKO LIFE13 NAT/SI/000314 Ohranjanje območij Natura 2000 Kočevsko LIFE Kočevsko Ocena prehranske baze belohrbtega detla (Dendrocopos leucotos) v okolici zasedenih teritorijev na Kočevskem Ljubljana, november 2017 PRILOGE LIFE13 NAT/SI/000314 OSNOVNE INFORMACIJE O PROJEKTU Naslov projekta: Ohranjanje območij Natura 2000 Kočevsko Akronim : LIFE Kočevsko Šifra projekta: LIFE13 NAT/SI/000314 Trajanje projekta: 01.09.2014 - 28.02.2019 Spletna stran projekta: http://life-kocevsko.eu Vodilni partner: Občina Kočevje Sodelujoči partnerji: Zavod za gozdove Slovenije, Zavod za varstvo narave RS, Ljudska univerza Kočevje Naslov dokumenta: Ocena prehranske baze belohrbtega detla (Dendrocopos leucotos) v okolici zasedenih teritorijev na Kočevskem Projektna akcija: C 2 – Izboljšanje stanja habitata in populacije triprstega in belohrbtega Izvalalec oz. odgovorni partner za pripravo dokumenta: Al Vrezec sp. Pražakova 11 SI-1000 Ljubljana Dokument je bil izdelan na osnovi naročilnice št. 430-147/2017z dne 13.2.2018, ki je bila sklenjena med Zavodom za gozdove Slovenije (predstavnik: Damjan Oražem) in Al Vrezec sp. (predstavnik: dr. Al Vrezec). Avtor dokumenta: dr. Al Vrezec Predlagan način citiranja: VREZEC A. (2017): Ocena prehranske baze belohrbtega detla (Dendrocopos leucotos) v okolici zasedenih teritorijev na Kočevskem. Poročilo v okviru projekta LIFE Kočevsko (LIFE13 NAT/SI/000314), Ljubljana. Ime inštitucije – nosilke dokumenta, Naslov dokumenta PRILOGE KAZALO KAZALO ................................................................................................................................................. 3 KAZALO TABEL ...................................................................................................................................... 4 KAZALO SLIK ......................................................................................................................................... 5 KAZALO DODATKOV ............................................................................................................................. 7 1. UVOD ............................................................................................................................................ 8 2. LITERATURNI PREGLED PREHRANE IN PREHRANSKIH NAVAD BELOHRBTEGA DETLA ................. 9 3. VREDNOTENJE VRSTNE SESTAVE IN BIOMASE ZALUBNIH HROŠČEV V ODMRLEM IN ODMIRAJOČEM DREVJU NA TERITORIJIH BELOHRBTEGA DETLA Z OPREDELITVIJO PREHRANSKO NAJUGODNEJŠIH DREVES ZA VRSTO .................................................................................................. 16 4. PREDLOG UPRAVLJANJA IN SPREMLJANJA STANJA PREHRANSKE BAZE BELOHRBTEGA DETLA 30 5. LITERATURA ................................................................................................................................ 31 Ime inštitucije – nosilke dokumenta, Naslov dokumenta PRILOGE KAZALO TABEL Tabela 1: Literaturni pregled taksonov, ki so bili kot plen najdeni v prehrani belohrbtega detla (Dendrocopos leucotos) . Ksilofagni in saproksilni taksoni so označeni z *. Pod črto je navedena prehrana rastlinskega izvora....................................................................................................... 11 Tabela 2: Gnezditvena prehrana belohrbtega detla (Dendrocopos leucotos) na Norveškem po tipih plena (po Hogstad & Stenberg 1997). Podrobneje so prikazane skupine, ki so v prehrani dosegale več kot 10 % PREHRANE glede na številu ali biomaso plena. ..................................... 12 Tabela 3: Potencialna prehranjevalna drevesa belohrbtega detla (Dendrocopos leucotos) glede na število prepoznanih plenskih vrst detla, ki so na ta drevesa vezane. Prikazan je odstotek vseh do sedaj prepoznanih ksilofagnih vrst žuželk v prehrani belohrbtega detla (N=17). ................. 13 Tabela 4: Pregled glavni plenskih ksilofagnih vrst s pregledom pojavljanja na območju Kočevskega (viri: Titovšek 1988, Brelih et al. 2006, zbirka Prirodoslovnega muzeja Slovenije, neobjavljeno). .................................................................................................................................................... 14 Tabela 5: Pregled odstotka (%) števila osebkov taksonov najdenih pod lubjem odmrlih debel izbranih drevesnih vrst na teritorijih belohrbtega detla (Dendrocopos leucotos) na Kočevskem v letu 2017. Z mastnim tisko so poudarjene nekatere sumarne vrstice. ................................... 22 Ime inštitucije – nosilke dokumenta, Naslov dokumenta PRILOGE KAZALO SLIK Slika 1: Lokalno lahko posamezne vrste predstavljajo ključni plen belohrbtega detla (Dendrocopos leucotos) , kot je to smrekov vitki kozliček (Oxymirus cursor) na Norveškem (levo) in veliki topolov kozliček (Saperda carcharias) na Finskem (desno). Obe vrsti se pojavljata tudi na Kočevskem. (foto: Al Vrezec) ...................................................................................................... 12 Slika 2: Bukov kozliček (Morimus funereus) je ena večjih ksilofagnih vrst kozličkov na Kočevskem, ki so tudi potencialni plen belohrbtega detla (Dendrocopos leucotos) . Levo ličinka in desno odrasla žival. (foto: Al Vrezec) .................................................................................................... 15 Slika 3: Teritoriji belohrbtega detla (Dendrocopos leucotos) , na katerih smo v letu 2017 pregledovali odmrla debla dreves. ............................................................................................. 16 Slika 4: Lokacije, na katerih smo v letu 2017 pregledovali odmrla debla jelke (Abies alba) . ............ 16 Slika 5: Lokacije, na katerih smo v letu 2017 pregledovali odmrla debla smrek (Picea abies) . ......... 17 Slika 6: Lokacije, na katerih smo v letu 2017 pregledovali odmrla debla bukev (Fagus sylvatica) . .. 17 Slika 7: Lokacije, na katerih smo v letu 2017 pregledovali odmrla debla gradnov (Quercus petraea) . .................................................................................................................................................... 17 Slika 8: Lokacije, na katerih smo v letu 2017 pregledovali odmrla debla lip (Tilia platyphyllos) . ..... 18 Slika 9: Lokacije, na katerih smo v letu 2017 pregledovali odmrla debla trepetlik (Populus tremula) . .................................................................................................................................................... 18 Slika 10: Ličinke škrlatnega kukuja (Cucujus cinnaberinus) , vrste evropskega varstvenega pomena, so se izkazale za pogoste v odmrlih trepetlikah (Populus tremula) v gorskih gozdovih Kočevske tudi na teritorijih belohrbtega detla (Dendrocopos leucotos) . (foto: Al Vrezec)........................ 24 Slika 11: Gostota (št./m 2) vseh podlubnih organizmov pod lubjem odmrlih dreves (Kruskall-Wallis ANOVA H=8,1, ns). Črke nad stolpci označujejo značilnost razlik glede na posthoc test (Mann- Whitney U test, p<0,05). ............................................................................................................. 24 Slika 12: Gostota (št./m 2) ličink kozličkov (Cerambycidae) pod lubjem odmrlih dreves (Kruskall- Wallis ANOVA H=11,5, p<0,01). Črke nad stolpci označujejo značilnost razlik glede na posthoc test (Mann-Whitney U test, p<0,05). ......................................................................................... 25 Slika 13: Gostota (št./m 2) vseh hroščev (Coleoptera), odraslih in ličink, pod lubjem odmrlih dreves (Kruskall-Wallis ANOVA H=17,4, p<0,01). Črke nad stolpci označujejo značilnost razlik glede na posthoc test (Mann-Whitney U test, p<0,05). ............................................................................ 25 Slika 14: Gostota (št./m 2) velikih organizmov (masa >0,01 g) pod lubjem odmrlih dreves (Kruskall- Wallis ANOVA H=9,7, ns). Črke nad stolpci označujejo značilnost razlik glede na posthoc test (Mann-Whitney U test, p<0,05). ................................................................................................. 26 Slika 15: Količina biomase (g/m 2) vseh podlubnih organizmov pod lubjem odmrlih dreves (Kruskall- Wallis ANOVA H=7,8, ns). Črke nad stolpci označujejo značilnost razlik glede na posthoc test (Mann-Whitney U test, p<0,05). ................................................................................................. 26 Slika 16: Količina biomase (g/m 2) ličink kozličkov (Cerambycidae) pod lubjem odmrlih dreves (Kruskall-Wallis ANOVA H=44,0, p<0,01). Črke nad stolpci označujejo značilnost razlik glede na posthoc test (Mann-Whitney U test, p<0,05). ............................................................................ 27 Slika 17: Količina biomase (g/m 2) hroščev (Coleoptera) pod lubjem odmrlih dreves (Kruskall-Wallis ANOVA H=9,2, ns). Črke nad stolpci označujejo značilnost razlik glede na posthoc test (Mann- Whitney U test, p<0,05). ............................................................................................................. 27 Slika 18: Količina biomase (g/m 2) velikih organizmov (masa >0,01 g) pod lubjem odmrlih dreves (Kruskall-Wallis ANOVA H=11,5, p<0,05). Črke nad stolpci označujejo značilnost razlik glede na posthoc test (Mann-Whitney U test, p<0,05). ............................................................................ 28 Slika 19: Zalubni kozlički (Rhagium) so bili najpogostejši kozlički pod lubjem preiskanih dreves na teritorijih belohrbtega detla (Dendrocopos leucotos) na Kočevskem. Levo je ličinka zelenega Ime inštitucije – nosilke dokumenta, Naslov dokumenta PRILOGE zalubnega kozlička (Rhagium mordax) , desno pa odrasla žival
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