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Joel Fort, M.D Regional Oral History Office University of California The Bancroft Library Berkeley, California Joel Fort, M.D. PUBLIC HEALTH PIONEER, CRIMINOLOGIST, REFORMER, ETHICIST AND HUMANITARIAN With an Introduction by Dorothy Smith Patterson Interviews Conducted by Caroline C. Crawford in 1991, 1992, and 1993 Copyright 0 1997 by The Regents of the University of California Since 1954 the Regional Oral History Office has been interviewing leading participants in or well-placed witnesses to major events in the development of Northern California, the West, and the Nation. Oral history is a method of collecting historical information through tape-recorded interviews between a narrator with firsthand knowledge of historically significant events and a well- informed interviewer, with the goal of preserving substantive additions to the historical record. The tape recording is transcribed, lightly edited for continuity and clarity, and reviewed by the interviewee. The corrected manuscript is indexed, bound with photographs and illustrative materials, and placed in The Bancroft Library at the University of California, Berkeley, and in other research collections for scholarly use. Because it is primary material, oral history is not intended to present the final, verified, or complete narrative of events. It is a spoken account, offered by the interviewee in response to questioning, and as such it is reflective, partisan, deeply involved, and irreplaceable. All uses of this manuscript are covered by a legal agreement between The Regents of the University of California and Joel Fort dated July 23, 1995. The manuscript is thereby made available for research purposes. All literary rights in the manuscript, including the right to publish, are reserved to The Bancroft Library of the University of California, Berkeley. No part of the manuscript may be quoted for publication without the written permission of the Director of The Bancroft Library of the University of California, Berkeley. Requests for permission to quote for publication should be addressed to the Regional Oral History Office, 486 Library, University of California, Berkeley 94720, and should include identification of the specific passages to be quoted, anticipated use of the passages, and identification of the user. The legal agreement with Joel Fort requires that he be notified of the request and allowed thirty days in which to respond. It is recommended that this oral history be cited as follows: Joel Fort, M.D., "Public Health Pioneer, Criminologist, Reformer, Ethicist and Humanitarian," an oral history conducted in 1991, 1992, and 1993 by Caroline C. Crawford, Regional Oral History Office, The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley, 1997. Copy no. Author's Foreword THE ORAL HISTORY OF JOEL FORT, M.D. doctor, professor, author, consultant, husband, father, friend, mentor, crusader, witness, philosopher, social artist, thera~istlclinician, minister, mediator, problem-solver. "Whether I shall turn out to be the hero of my own life, these pages must show." -Unknown "When those weak houses of our brittle flesh Shall ruined be by death... What can we leave behind us... What memorable monument can last, Whereon to build his never blemished name, The good endeavors of deserving praise, But his own worth, wherein his life was graced." -Shakespeare Cataloguing information FORT, Joel (b. 1929) Public health official Public Health Pioneer, Criminolopist. Reformer, Ethicist and Humanitarian, 1997, xvi, 322 pp. Early years in Ohio, 1929-1945; Ohio State University, University of Chicago, and medical school at Ohio State; early civil rights work; Center on Alcoholism (Alameda County) and the 1964 Supreme Court decision re public employees; campaigning for Congress in 1962; United Nations and World Health Organization assignments; teaching in the UC Berkeley Criminology Department; founding pioneer organizations in the 1960s and 1970s: Center for Special Problems, National Sex and Drug Forums, National Center for Solving Special Social and Health Problems (FORT HELP); participating in the Playboy panels; expert witness in the Manson, Hearst, Corona, Robert Alton Harris and other cases from the 1970s to the 1990s; teaching ethics and conflict resolution. Includes an interview with Maria Fort. Introduction by Dorothy Smith Patterson, President, Unitarian Universalist Service Committee. Interviewed 1991, 1992, 1993 by Caroline C. Crawford, Regional Oral History Office, The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The Bancroft Library, on behalf of future researchers, wishes to thank the following persons and organizations whose contributions made possible this oral history of Dr. Joel Fort. Patrons Dr. Owen Chamberlain Karen Stone McCown Bernard E. and Alba Witkin Donors June Alexis Alternative Dispute Resolution Associates Dr. Josiah Bartlett and Dr. Laile E. Bartlett Willa Baum, in memory of Bernard Witkin Richard and Johanna Boeke Gray Brechin Benbow and Jean Bullock Howard T. Bunce Malca Chall Thomas W. Chinn, in memory of Ruth Teiser Betsy Cohen, Ph.D. Tita Cooley Thomas H. Crawford Mose Durst, Ph.D. David H. Eichorn Fort Help Maria L. Fort, M.A., Ph.D. (ABD) Parcae Fort Dr. Rae1 Fort Titan Fort Elvin Fowler, in memory of Ruth Teiser Edith H. Freeman Walter J. Freeman Joseph and Maya Froomkin Kimberly A. Garth-Lewis Mr. and Mrs. Carl Goetsch Cal and Shirley Gold Harland J. Hand Jeanie Hayes, in memory of Lothar Salin Meg Holmberg Agnes D. Howell AKA McFaddin Anne and Martin Huff Jorgen Jepsen Zena F. Jones Casey Kasem Ingrid Kepler-May, friend and colleague Henry M. Kroll Dennis G. Kuby Dr. Barry J. Leff Irit Levi, M.A., R.N., M.F.C.C. Louis K. Lowenstein Dr. and Mrs. Harvey Mandel Jean Houston and Robert Masters Rosemary Matson Lewis Meyers, M.D. David P. Michener, M.D. Andrea Mitchell Eric Mohr Harold F. Newman, M.D. Barbara C. O'Hara and John L. OrHara, Jr. Gita Paquette Edgar and Marjorie Patterson Ellen Peskin Elodee and Arnold Portigal Toni Rembe Anthony Ribera, Chief of Police James M. Ruberto Harriet Salarno Walter Saphir, M.D. Bernard Stone, M.D. Maureen OrBrien Sullivan Nancy Taylor Ruth Teiser Ronald W. Tochterman Bill and Mary Lee Trampleasure John H. Ullman J. Thomas Ungerleider Drs. R. 0. and Marilyn Waiton Harry and Doris Wolf Richard Wolfe Judith Wyatt Helen and George Yoshida TABLE OF CONTENTS--Joel Fort INTRODUCTION by Dorothy Smith Patterson i INTERVIEW HISTORY iv BIOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION v i I EARLY YEARS (YOUTH), EDUCATION, AND MARRIAGE: 1929-1959 1 Family, Environment, Illness, Giftedness, Persecution, Rebellion, College at Fifteen, Graduate School, Medical School--Ohio State University and the University of Chicago--Learning, Marching Band, Basketball, Courtship and Marriage to Maria--Internship and Residency, Paris, San Francisco MIDDLE YEARS, NEW AND MULTIPLE CAREERS: 1959-1976 Children; Leadership and Creativity; Activism and Paying the Price; Freeing of Public Employees, Alameda County, and the Center on Alcoholism; University of California School of Criminology; World Health Organization and United Nations; The 1960s; The Center for Special Problems, National Sex and Drug Forums, Mobile Help (Health and Social Welfare) Unit, FORT HELP; the Public Health Approach to Drug, Sex, and Violence Problems; Running for Public Office, Church-related Work; Podiums and Consultancies 111 LATE (LAST) YEARS: WISDOM, DIVERSIFICATION, NEW CREATIONS (ARTISTRY), LOVE, ILLNESS AND DECLINE: 1976-1997 The Legal System and Serving as an Expert Witness: Hearst, Manson, and Other Cases; Retaliatory Attack through the Board of Medical Quality; the Dissenting Life and the Crusading Spirit IV INTERVIEW WITH MARIA FORT Early Years and Family in Hungary; Meeting and Marrying Joel Fort; Graduate School, Medical School, Residency and Internship; Children; Life in the Sixties; Crusades, Price of Activism, and Life in the Public Eye; The Work of the Expert Witness; Long Friendships; Life With the Knight of the Woeful Countenance; Summing Up; Pastimes and Pleasures APPENDIX A. Marriage anniversary card designed by Karen Stone. B. "The Man from Help," by Edwin Kiester, Jr. Human Behavior, 1973. C. "Bureaucracy as a Social Problem," Journal of Public Social Services, 1970. Public Policy Statement on Homosexuality, Joel Fort, M.D., 1966. "Attitudes of Mental Health Professional Toward Homosexuality and Its Treatment," Psychological Reports, 1971. I1What is Brainwashing and Who Says So?" by Joel Fort. 64th Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1985. "Giver of Delight or Liberator of Sin: Drug Use and 'addiction1 in Asia," by Joel Fort. Bulletin on Narcotics, Vol. XVII, No. 3, July-September 1965, and part 11, Vol. XVII, No. 4, October- December 1965. "Sex and Drugs: The Interaction of Two Disapproved Behaviors," Postgraduate Medicine, McGraw-Hill, Inc., 1975. "Toward a New Unitarian Universalist TheologylReligion: Evangelical, Loving, United, and Universal-----[Personal Theology Seminar, Unitarian Universalist Church of Berkeley, September 21, 19971, sermon by Joel Fort. "Final Report, The Effects of Literacy Education on Prison Inmate Recidivism," by Joel Fort, July 1997. Letter accompanying Summer 1997 student evaluations, October 23, 1997, by Eliza Q. Hemenway, UC Berkeley Extension. Review letter from Thomas R. Phelps, California State University, Sacramento, June 27, 1997. "Narcotics and the Law: A Critique of the American Experiment in Narcotic Drug Control," by William Butler Eldridge, Saturday Review, 1962. "Drug
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