DOCSLIB.ORG

The Internet of Things 2005

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Internet of Things 2005 International Telecommunication Union ITU INTERNET REPORTS THE INTERNET OF THINGS 2005 TThehe IInternetnternet ooff ITU INTERNET REPORTS 2005 ITU INTERNET REPORTS TThingshings Printed in Switzerland Geneva, 2005 This ITU Internet Report, the seventh in the series, has been produced by the ITU Strategy and Policy Unit (SPU). Other publications in the ITU Internet Reports series, as well as publications under the ITU New Initiatives Programme available for purchase, include: ITU Internet Reports series The Portable Internet (2004)........................................................................................ 100 CHF Birth of Broadband (2003) ......................................................................................... 100 CHF Internet for a Mobile Generation (2002) .................................................................... 100 CHF IP Telephony (2001) ................................................................................................... 100 CHF Internet for Development (1999) ................................................................................ 100 CHF Telecommunications and the Internet (1997) ............................................................. 100 CHF ITU New Initiatives series and related publications Building Digital Bridges (2005)................................................................................... 65 CHF Ubiquitous Network Societies (2005) ......................................................................... 80 CHF Countering Spam (2004) ............................................................................................. 65 CHF Shaping the Future Mobile Information Society (2004) .............................................. 65 CHF Internet Governance (2004) ......................................................................................... 65 CHF Radio Spectrum Management for a Converging World (2004) .................................. 65 CHF Promoting Broadband (with CD-ROM; 2003) ............................................................ 70 CHF Visions of the Information Society (2003) .................................................................. 60 CHF To order any of the above publications or for further information on activities of SPU, visit the website at www.itu.int/osg/spu. Alternatively, please contact the ITU Sales Service for further information concerning prices, availability or purchase, at [email protected]. All of the above publications can also be ordered and downloaded via the Internet at www.itu.int/publications/bookshop/. Discounts on printed publications are available for ITU Member States and Sector Members, and for administrations from least developed countries. In addition, there are a number of free downloads of country case studies, available at www.itu.int/casestudies, as well as other reports, presentations and position papers at www.itu.int/osg/spu/downloads/. Note: Discounts are available for ITU Member States and Sector Members, and for purchasers from the least developed countries. International Telecommunication Union ITU Internet Reports The Internet of Things November 2005 ITU, 2005 International Telecommunication Union (ITU), Geneva All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, by any means whatsoever, without the prior written permission of ITU. Denominations and classifications employed in this publication do not imply any opinion on the part of the International Telecommunication Union concerning the legal or other status of any territory or any endorsement or acceptance of any boundary. Where the designation “country” appears in this publication, it covers countries and territories. FOREWORD “The Internet of Things” is the seventh in the series of “ITU Internet Reports”, originally launched in 1997 under the title “Challenges to the Network”. This edition has been specially prepared for the second phase of the World Summit on the Information Society, to be held in Tunis from 16-18 November 2005. Technological advances in “always on” communications promise a world of networked and interconnected devices that will provide relevant content and information to users, wherever they may be located. Machine-to-machine communications and person-to-computer communications will be extended to things, from everyday household objects to sensors monitoring the movement of the Golden Gate Bridge or detecting earth tremors. Everything from tyres to toothbrushes will fall within communications range, heralding the dawn of a new era, one in which today’s internet (of data and people) gives way to tomorrow’s Internet of Things. The first chapter, Introducing the Internet of Things, explains the technical visions underlying the Internet of Things in ubiquitous networks, next-generation networks and ubiquitous computing. Chapter two, Enabling Technologies, examines the technologies that will drive the future Internet of Things, including radio-frequency identification (RFID), sensor technologies, smart things and nanotechnology and miniaturization. Chapter three, Shaping the Market, explores the market potential of these technologies, as well as factors inhibiting their market growth, and illustrates changing business models in three representative industries. Chapter four, Emerging Challenges, considers the wider implications of the Internet of Things for society, in standardization, privacy and socio-ethical challenges. Chapter five, Opportunities for the Developing World, examines the benefits these technologies offer to developing countries to address their concerns. Chapter six, The Big Picture, concludes by describing how a user might conduct their life in 2020 and summarizes the key interactions described in the book. The Statistical annex presents the latest data and charts for 206 economies worldwide in their use of ICTs. ITU, the United Nations specialized agency for telecommunications, is committed to playing a positive role in the development of the information society and to extending the benefits of advances in telephony and information and communication technologies (ICTs). This is in line with the Resolution of the highest administrative organ of ITU (Resolution 101 of the Plenipotentiary Conference (Minneapolis, 1998)), which calls upon ITU to “fully embrace the opportunities for telecommunication development that arise from the growth of IP-based services”, and ongoing calls from ITU’s Member States to continue to actively pursue this objective. The ITU Internet Reports are one contribution towards this commitment. FOREWORD I ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The text of this report was prepared by a team from ITU’s Strategy and Policy Unit (SPU) led by Lara Srivastava, comprising Phillippa Biggs, Tim Kelly, Youlia Lozanova, Lilia Pérez Chavolla, Jaroslaw Ponder, Raushan Sagalbayeva, Svetlana Skvortsova and Christine Sund. The statistical tables were drawn from the ITU World Telecommunication Indicators Database and compiled by Phillippa Biggs. The report was edited by Phillippa Biggs and Lara Srivastava. Special thanks go to Jean-Jacques Mendez for the cover design, and to Isabelle Lucas for assistance with the overall formatting. Some of the research for this report was carried out under the “New Initiatives Programme”, launched in 1999 (http://www.itu.int/ni). Under this programme, relevant workshops have been held on “Shaping the Future Mobile Information Society” on 4-5 March 2004 in Seoul, Republic of Korea (http://www.itu.int/futuremobile), on “Ubiquitous Network Societies” on 6-8 April 2005 in Geneva, Switzerland (http://www.itu.int/ubiquitous) and on “Tomorrow’s network today” on 7-8 October 2005, in Saint-Vincent, Italy (http://www.itu.int/TNT). The report has benefited from the input and comments of many people to whom we owe our thanks. Among others, we would like to thank Jawad Abbassi, Khevin Curry, Ewa Gawora, Olivia Gibney, Liz Hall, Dana Khatib, Michael Minges, Hoda Mottaghi, Jeanine Vos, as well as Maria Cristina Bueti, Simao de Campos Neto, Colin Langtry and Robert Shaw. Thanks also go to all those who gave their generous permission to use material reproduced in the report. We would like to thank the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan, whose generous support has allowed us to expand our case study and research programme. We would also like to express our gratitude to respondents from public telecommunication operators, internet service providers, regulatory bodies and national administrations who helped by providing specific information and data related to the development of the relevant technologies in their countries. Some of the data contained in this report is taken from the ITU World Telecommunication Indicators Database, managed by the Market, Economics and Finance Unit (formerly the Telecommunication Data and Statistics Unit) of the ITU Telecommunication Development Bureau (BDT). The Database is available on CD-ROM, or via the internet as a subscription service. All of ITU's indicator reports and databases are available for purchase, on the internet, at http://www.itu.int/indicators. For more information on ITU Internet Reports, including a summary of this edition, visit http://www.itu.int/internetofthings/. The views expressed in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the opinions of ITU or its membership. II ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS page Foreword .................................................................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Fortnight Nears the End
    World Bridge Series Championship Philadelphia Pennsylvania, USA 1st to 16th October D B 2010 aily ulletin O FFICIAL S PONSOR Co-ordinator: Jean-Paul Meyer • Chief Editor: Brent Manley • Editors: Mark Horton, Brian Senior, Phillip Alder, Barry Rigal, Jan Van Cleef • Lay Out Editor: Akis Kanaris • Photographer: Ron Tacchi Issue No. 14 Friday, 15 October 2010 FORTNIGHT NEARS THE END These are the hard-working staff members who produce all the deals — literally thousands — for the championships Players at the World Bridge Series Championships have been In the World Junior Championship, Israel and France will start at it for nearly two weeks with only one full day left. Those play today for the Ortiz-Patino Trophy, and in the World Young- who have played every day deserve credit for their stamina. sters Championship, it will be England versus Poland for the Consider the players who started on opening day of the Damiani Cup. Generali Open Pairs on Saturday nearly a week ago. If they made it to the final, which started yesterday, they will end up playing 15 sessions. Contents With three sessions to go, the Open leaders, drop-ins from the Rosenblum, are Fulvio Fantoni and Claudio Nunes. In the World Bridge Series Results . .3-5 Women’s Pairs, another pair of drop-ins, Carla Arnolds and For Those Who Like Action . .6 Bep Vriend are in front. The IMP Pairs leaders are Joao-Paulo Campos and Miguel Vil- Sting in the Tail . .10 las-Boas. ACBL President Rich DeMartino and Patrick McDe- Interview with José Damiani . .18 vitt are in the lead in the Hiron Trophy Senior Pairs.
    [Show full text]
  • Furious Comeback Wins Senior KO for Budd Team
    November 16-November 26, 2000 Birmingham, Alabama 74th Fall North American Bridge Championships Daily Bulletin Vol. 74, No. 7 Thursday, November 23, 2000 Editors: Henry Francis and Jody Latham Furious comeback wins Senior KO for Budd team The team captained by Richard Budd of Portland ME went into the final 16 boards with fierce deter- mination – they didn’t want to finish second again in the Senior Knockout Teams. They were 28 IMPs down, but they were confident they could turn the match around against the team captained by Richard Sternberg of West Palm Beach FL. And turn it around they did! They piled up 78 IMPs while holding their foes to only 9 to win the championship by 41 IMPs, 150-109. What made the victory all the more pleasing was the fact that they were beating the team that defeated them in the final in Boston last year. Playing with Budd were Robert Ryder, Caldwell NJ; William Hunter, Reading MA; Shome Mukherjee, Randolph MA; Richard De Martino, Riverside CT, and Pat McDevitt, Brookline MA. On the Sternberg team were Allan Cokin, Palm Beach FL; Bernie Chazen, Tamarac FL; Chuck Burger, West Bloomfield MI; Richard Reisig, Boynton Beach FL; Robert Lipsitz, Palm Harbor FL. The teams were not exactly the same as they were in Boston. Chuck Burger replaced Billy Eisenberg on the Sternberg team, and BUDD added DeMartino, a new member of the ACBL Board, and McDevitt. It was a tough, hard-fought match all the way. BUDD led, 17-13, after the first quarter, and increased the lead to six at the half, 55-49.
    [Show full text]
  • Reinforcing Work Motivation
    J ÖNKÖPING I NTERNATIONAL B USINESS S CHOOL JÖNKÖPING UNIVERSITY Reinforcing Work Motivation - a perception study of ten of Sweden’s most successful and acknowledged leaders Master thesis within business administration Authors ©: Alexander Hall Niklas Nyman Tutor: Tomas Müllern Jönköping: September 2004 Master thesis within Business Administration Title: Reinforcing Work Motivation – a perception study of ten of Sweden’s most successful and acknowledged leaders Authors: Alexander Hall Niklas Nyman Tutor: Tomas Müllern Date: 2004-09-23 Subject terms: Work motivation, Work encouragement, Incentives, Intrinsic, Extrinsic, Rewards, Compensation, Praise, Delegation, Informa- tion-sharing, Communication, Productivity, Frontline Abstract Problem In pace with a noticeably fiercer global competition and an in- creased customer awareness, today’s organizations are faced with vast requirements for higher productivity and stronger customer- orientation. This transformation has denoted that human re- sources have become more and more accentuated, and a consen- sus has grown for the true power embraced within them. In Sweden, some few prominent leaders have distinguished them- selves by being highly successful in reinforcing employee motiva- tion, and their knowledge and experiences are priceless in the pursuit of utilizing the full potential of the workforce. Purpose The purpose with this thesis is to study how ten of Sweden’s most successful and acknowledged leaders view and work with employee motivation and critically examine their standpoints. The purpose is furthermore to exemplify how other leaders can strengthen employee motivation through adapting these motiva- tional suggestions. Method Qualitative cross-sectional interviews were conducted for the empirical research, holding a hermeneutic and inductive research approach. Respondents The respondent pool is comprised by both commercial leaders, as well as leaders from the world of sports.
    [Show full text]
  • CENTRO GUM ILLA Comunicaci Ón
    Portada Com 193_Layout 1 26/4/21 21:01 Page 1 A L L I M U G O R T N E C comunica ci n ó ­Estudios­venezolanos­de­comunicación • 1º­trimestre­2021­ • Nº 193 . ) 9 1 0 2 ( o s e i v i d l a V o l b a P n a u J . ) e l l a t e d ( I I V m o o l B . l e p a P e d a í r e l a G Señales filtradas Portada Com 193_Layout 1 26/4/21 21:01 Page 2 Director Galería de Papel Marcelino Bisbal Juan Pablo Valdivieso Editor adjunto Revisión Consejo de Redacción Marlene García Consejo editorial Asesor Gráfico Jesús María Aguirre Víctor Hugo Irazábal Marcelino Bisbal Diseño Editorial Andrés Cañizález Bimedia 21 Diseño Editorial Gustavo Hernández León Hernández Humberto Valdivieso Johanna Pérez Daza Consejo Fundacional J-00138912-1 José Ignacio Rey José Martínez-de-Toda Edificio Centro Valores, Francisco Tremontti ¦ local 2, esquina Luneta, Jesús María Aguirre Altagracia. Apartado 4838 César Miguel Rondón Caracas, Venezuela ZP 1010. Marcelino Bisbal Teléfonos: 564.9803 - 564.5871 Ignacio Ibáñez ¦ Fax: 564.7557 Epifanio Labrador ¦ Redacción Comunicación: Colaboradores [email protected] del presente número Redación SIC : Ruth Capriles [email protected] Alberto Torres Unidad de Documentación: Lourdes Arróliga [email protected] Argelia Perozo Administración: Carlos Rondón [email protected] Víctor Quintana Suscripciones: Félix Seijas suscripció[email protected] William Peña Depósito Legal Ninoska Rodríguez Astrid Pérez Bastidas DC2017000627 ISSN: 2542-3312 Humberto Jaimes Quero Steven F. González Pedroza Visite nuestra página en la web: Edixela Burgos http://www.gumilla.org Juan Manuel Matos Fedosy Santaella Jorge Alberto Hidalgo Toledo Mágda Rodrigues da Cunha Daniel Barredo Ibáñez Dorys Rengel Espacio Público CIC-UCAB ab ediciones Sandra Botero Comunicación no comparte necesariamente las opiniones vertidas en los artículos firmados que expresan, como es obvio, la opinión de sus autores.
    [Show full text]
  • Towards a Situation-Aware Architecture for the Wisdom Web of Things
    Chapter 4 Towards a Situation-Aware Architecture for the Wisdom Web of Things Akihiro Eguchi, Hung Nguyen, Craig Thompson, and Wesley Deneke Abstract Computers are getting smaller, cheaper, faster, with lower power require- ments, more memory capacity, better connectivity, and are increasingly distributed. Accordingly, smartphones became more of a commodity worldwide, and the use of smartphones as a platform for ubiquitous computing is promising. Nevertheless, we still lack much of the architecture and service infrastructure we will need to transition computers to become situation aware to a similar extent that humans are. Our Everything is Alive (EiA) project illustrates an integrated approach to fill in the void with a broad scope of works encompassing Ubiquitous Intelligence (RFID, spa- tial searchbot, etc.), Cyber-Individual (virtual world, 3D modeling, etc.), Brain In- formatics (psychological experiments, computational neuroscience, etc.), and Web Intelligence (ontology, workflow, etc.). In this paper, we describe the vision and architecture for a future where smart real-world objects dynamically discover and interact with other real or virtual objects, humans or virtual human. We also dis- cuss how the vision in EiA fits into a seamless data cycle like the one proposed in the Wisdom Web of Things (W2T), where data circulate through things, data, in- formation, knowledge, wisdom, services, and humans. Various open research issues related to internal computer representations needed to model real or virtual worlds are identified, and challenges of using those representations to generate visualiza- tions in a virtual world and of “parsing” the real world to recognize and record these data structures are also discussed.
    [Show full text]
  • A Privacy-Aware and Secure System for Human Memory Augmentation
    A Privacy-aware and Secure System for Human Memory Augmentation Doctoral Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Informatics of the Università della Svizzera italiana in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy presented by Agon Bexheti under the supervision of Prof. Marc Langheinrich September 2019 Dissertation Committee Prof. Antonio Carzaniga Università della Svizzera italiana, Switzerland Prof. Fernando Pedone Università della Svizzera italiana, Switzerland Prof. Cecilia Mascolo University of Cambridge, United Kingdom Prof. Claudio Bettini Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy Dissertation accepted on 06 September 2019 Research Advisor PhD Program Director Prof. Marc Langheinrich Prof. Walter Binder and Prof. Silvia Santini i I certify that except where due acknowledgement has been given, the work presented in this thesis is that of the author alone; the work has not been submit- ted previously, in whole or in part, to qualify for any other academic award; and the content of the thesis is the result of work which has been carried out since the official commencement date of the approved research program. Agon Bexheti Lugano, 06 September 2019 ii Abstract The ubiquity of digital sensors embedded in today’s mobile and wearable devices (e.g., smartphones, wearable cameras, wristbands) has made technology more intertwined with our life. Among many other things, this allows us to seamlessly log our daily experiences in increasing numbers and quality, a process known as “lifelogging”. This practice produces a great amount of pictures and videos that can potentially improve human memory. Consider how a single photograph can bring back distant childhood memories, or how a song can help us reminisce about our last vacation.
    [Show full text]
  • Capacity-Building and Alternative Realities
    Capacity-building and alternative realities: Some observations on the political context of technical assistance in Lao PDR1 ___________________________________________________________________ has been affected - both positively and Overview negatively - by the degree to which these The Laos Extension for Agriculture Project efforts are consistent with what happens (LEAP) is funded by the Swiss Agency for within the political reality. And what Development and Cooperation (SDC) and happens within political reality is, from the has been implemented by the National perspective of the advisers, largely Agriculture and Forestry Extension unknown and unpredictable. This situation Service (NAFES), with technical represents a huge constraint to capacity- assistance from Helvetas, a Swiss NGO. building of the kind normally associated LEAP started in 2001 and is now in its 5th with agricultural extension projects. But if and final phase, which is due to be we reorient our understanding of capacity- completed early in 2014. As the project building, giving more attention to the nears its end, the management team has interests of rural communities and less to embarked on a process of identifying the government bureaucracy, the experience lessons learned over the past 12 years of LEAP suggests that political space for that will inform future decisions by the farmer empowerment does exist in some Ministry of Forestry and Agriculture (MAF), parts of Laos. the donors and implementing partners. These are personal observations by one This process involves a series of studies of the technical advisers to LEAP. They do and meetings that will generate a number not necessarily reflect the views of SDC or of reports, fact-sheets and videos.
    [Show full text]
  • Samena Trends Exclusively for Samena Telecommunications Council's Members Building Digital Economies
    Volume 05, February 2017 A SAMENA Telecommunications Council Newsletter www.samenacouncil.org SAMENA TRENDS EXCLUSIVELY FOR SAMENA TELECOMMUNICATIONS COUNCIL'S MEMBERS BUILDING DIGITAL ECONOMIES Featured Saleh Al Abdooli Group CEO Etisalat REDEFINING DATA RULES FOR A DATA-DRIVEN BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT Platinum Host & Exclusive Sponsor Diamond Sponsor Bey nd TER REGIS ! NOW Telephone: +971.4.364.2700, Fax: +971.4.369.7513 Email: [email protected], www.samenacouncil.org VOLUME 05, FEBRUARY 2017 Contributing Editors Subscriptions Izhar Ahmad [email protected] Javaid Akhtar Malik Advertising SAMENA Contributing Members [email protected] Arthur D. Little TRENDS Batelco Legal Issues or Concerns goetzpartners [email protected] Huawei Editor-in-Chief Strategy& Bocar A. BA SAMENA TRENDS Sudatel [email protected] Viva Bahrain Tel: +971.4.364.2700 Publisher SAMENA Telecommunications Council CONTENTS 04 EDITORIAL 09 REGIONAL & MEMBERS UPDATES Members News Regional News 05 38 SATELLITE UPDATES SAMENA COUNCIL Satellite News ACTIVITY 49 WHOLESALE UPDATES The SAMENA TRENDS newsletter is Wholesale News wholly owned and operated by The SAMENA Telecommunications Council 56 TECHNOLOGY UPDATES (SAMENA Council). Information in the Technology News newsletter is not intended as professional services advice, and SAMENA Council disclaims any liability for use of specific 68 REGULATORY & POLICY information or results thereof. Articles UPDATES and information contained in this Regulatory News publication are the copyright of SAMENA
    [Show full text]
  • Biography of Jan Stenbeck - Google Search
    biography of jan stenbeck - Google Search Sign in All Images News Videos Maps More Settings Tools About 24 700 results (0,52 seconds) Career. Stenbeck was born in Stockholm, Sweden, the youngest son of business lawyer Hugo Stenbeck (1890–1977) and his wife Märtha (née Odelfelt; 1906–1992). ... Control of the group was passed to his daughter Cristina Stenbeck after his death of a heart attack. Jan Stenbeck - Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_Stenbeck Biography About Featured Snippets Feedback Jan Hugo Robert Arne Stenbeck was a Swedish business leader, media Jan Stenbeck - Wikipedia pioneer, sailor and financier. He was https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_Stenbeck head of Kinnevik Group from 1976 and Career. Stenbeck was born in Stockholm, Sweden, the youngest son of business lawyer Hugo founded among other things the Stenbeck (1890–1977) and his wife Märtha (née Odelfelt; 1906–1992). ... Control of the group companies Comviq, Invik & Co AB, was passed to his daughter Cristina Stenbeck after his death of a heart attack. Tele2, Banque Invik, Millicom, Modern Born: Jan Hugo Robert Arne Stenbeck; 14 Died: 19 August 2002 (aged 59); Paris, Times Group and NetCom Systems. Nov... France Wikipedia Born: November 14, 1942, Stockholm Jan Stenbeck – Wikipedia Died: August 19, 2002, American https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_Stenbeck Translate this page Hospital of Paris, Neuilly-sur-Seine, Jan Stenbeck var yngste son till affärsadvokaten Hugo Stenbeck (1890–1977) och dennes France hustru Märta, född Odelfelt (1906–1992). Efter studentexamen vid ... Spouse: Merrill McLeod (m. Föräldrar: Hugo Stenbeck; Märta Odelfelt Styrelse- ledamot i: Investment AB Kinnevik, In..
    [Show full text]
  • Opens Wednesday Shea for Frozen Fingers
    All Oio Nona o* . WE DO BED BAKU mid Surrounding Towns OUR PART Told FtitrlesBly anil Wllltuut Blnn. limsd Wcolly, Entered aa Eccond-Claisa Matter at tho Poet- Subscription Pricei One ^cst 81.60 VOLUME-LVI, NO. 34. ofneo at tied Baiil'.. H. J., under the Act of March 2. 1870. RED BANK, N. J.,-WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 14, 1934. Six Months 31.00. Single Copy 4c PAGKR ! TO JA TIIIUSE JSAHHETBAIJ, GAMKB. ten acres of cine part of the estate at Bootleg Brandy the rate of $000 per ncre and ten Exiled Professor iliey Will H« riayed (or tho Benefit cy of another part of the uatate Of Klvervicw Hospital. for $1,000 per acre. To Investigate A letter wan read from Howard \V. To Address Forum; Tin; Dorcas branch of Klvervicw Roberts, counsel for the board, to hospital of Red Bunlc ii uponsorlng John E. Laird Soys That Forty the effect .that William J. Leonard Varied Matters Before the Town- three basketball names to be played Liquor License Issued to Fred- Three Appointed to Look Into Dr. Lederer, Former Professor Riunson Building Reduced to had started a suit in chancery Per Cent of the Applejack Sold at tile ltiver st reet tichooihouse next erick J. Finnerty—Ordinance Allegations Made Against F. of Economics at the Univer- ship Committee Thursday— against the board of education and Ashes, Causing Loss of $40,* Hereabouts is Mado at Illicit Wednesday night for tho benefit of Establishing Another Election Howard Lloyd, Supervising Mrs, Harriet Rice, widow of Mclvin sity of Heidelberg Will Speak I —One Liquor Permit Granted tho hospital.
    [Show full text]
  • Internet Traffic Exchange: Market Developments and Policy Challenges”, OECD Digital Economy Papers, No
    Please cite this paper as: Weller, D. and B. Woodcock (2013-01-29), “Internet Traffic Exchange: Market Developments and Policy Challenges”, OECD Digital Economy Papers, No. 207, OECD Publishing, Paris. http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/5k918gpt130q-en OECD Digital Economy Papers No. 207 Internet Traffic Exchange MARKET DEVELOPMENTS AND POLICY CHALLENGES Dennis Weller, Bill Woodcock Unclassified DSTI/ICCP/CISP(2011)2/FINAL Organisation de Coopération et de Développement Économiques Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development 29-Jan-2013 ___________________________________________________________________________________________ English - Or. English DIRECTORATE FOR SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND INDUSTRY COMMITTEE FOR INFORMATION, COMPUTER AND COMMUNICATIONS POLICY Unclassified DSTI/ICCP/CISP(2011)2/FINAL Cancels & replaces the same document of 17 October 2012 Working Party on Communication Infrastructures and Services Policy INTERNET TRAFFIC EXCHANGE MARKET DEVELOPMENTS AND POLICY CHALLENGES English - Or. English JT03333716 Complete document available on OLIS in its original format This document and any map included herein are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area. DSTI/ICCP/CISP(2011)2/FINAL FOREWORD In June 2011, this report was presented to the Working Party on Communication Infrastructures and Services Policy (CISP) and was recommended to be made public by the Committee for Information, Computer and Communications Policy (ICCP) at its meeting in October 2011. The report was prepared by Dennis Weller of Navigant Economics and Bill Woodcock of Packet Clearing House. It is published on the responsibility of the Secretary General of the OECD. The statistical data for Israel are supplied by and under the responsibility of the relevant Israeli authorities.
    [Show full text]
  • International Journal of Education and Social Science Research
    International Journal of Education and Social Science Research ISSN 2581-5148 Vol. 1, No. 05; 2018 THAILAND IN LAOS’ NEWSPAPERS Rattna Chanthao Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Thailand ABSTRACT This article aims to display the news of Thailand in Laos. The Thailand’s news as the data were grouped from the Vientiane Times Newspaper published in 2016-2017. This newspaper publishes in English, in addition, the news should be approved by the government agency. There is 65 news totally that are divided by its content into 5 categories; economic, tourism, art and culture, Lao- Thailand’s relationship, and education and sport, respectively. The news about Thailand published on Laos’ newspaper was interesting topics for Laos as they are involved to Lao society situations. The content analysis was employed to be a framework of this research. The finding was found that the economic issues were the most published in Laos including tourism economic. The research result is not only displaying what Lao people would like to know Thailand’ society but it also implies what the news that the government prefer their people to know about Thailand. KEYWORDS: Laos, Thailand, Newspaper, Vientiane Times, Communication, Mass media 1.0 INTRODUCTION Lao and Thailand have long border line from the North to the South around 1,500 kms. There are 6 bridges across Mekong River as the main border area of them so people of both countries easier travel to each other in many ways; car, airplane, and boat. The relationship between Laos and Thailand was established again after announcing the Open-Door Policy (ODP) the government in 1980s.
    [Show full text]