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Boards/Skateboards MAGISTERARBEIT Titel der Magisterarbeit „Ist Longboard (Skateboard) als ein neuer Trendsport einzustufen? Ursprung, Entwicklung und Perspektiven“ Verfasser David Schiefer, Bakk. rer. nat. angestrebter akademischer Grad Magister der Naturwissenschaften (Mag. rer. nat.) Wien, 2014 Studienkennzahl lt. Studien- 066 826 blatt: Studienrichtung lt. Studien- Magisterstudium Sportwissenschaften blatt: Betreuer: ao. Univ.- Prof. Dr. MMag. Konrad Kleiner Abstract In der vorliegenden Arbeit geht es um die Bewegungsform Longboarding und die Frage, ob diese Sportart als Trendsportart einzustufen ist. In einem ersten Schritt soll zunächst geklärt werden, wo die Ursprünge dieser Bewe- gungsform nun eigentlich liegen. Gerade dem Skateboard soll hier besondere Beachtung geschenkt werden, denn die Ursprünge des Longboardens beziehen sich sehr stark auf das Skateboard und so verwundert es nicht, dass die Entwicklung der beiden Brett- Gleitsport-Disziplinen bis in die Neunzehnneunzigerjahre in ähnlichen Bahnen verlief. Gemeinsamkeiten bzw. Unterschiede, die diese beiden verwandten Sportarten verbin- den oder auch voneinander abgrenzen, sollen mithilfe einer eingehenden Literaturana- lyse sowie mittels ExpertInnen-Interviews herausgearbeitet werden. Eine Strukturana- lyse der Sportart soll überdies wichtige Aufschlüsse über die Bewegungsform Long- boarding als Freizeit-, Trainings- und Fortbewegungsmittel geben. Das Thema „Trendsport“, das zentrale Thema im zweiten Teil dieser Arbeit, wird zu- nächst aus verschiedenen Blickwinkeln vorgestellt, um den Begriff in einem zweiten Schritt auf den Longboardsport zu beziehen. Die vorgestellten Modelle, Kriterien und Trendsportphasen sollen in Verbindung mit der Analyse der ExpertInnen-Interviews die Forschungsfrage beantworten. Die methodische Vorgehensweise resultiert auch aus einem Mangel an wissenschaftlichen Untersuchungen auf diesem Gebiet. Diese Lücken sollen mithilfe von ExpertInnen – sofern möglich – geschlossen werden. Die befragten SportlerInnen ermöglichen interessante Einblicke in die von ihnen ausgeübte Sportart und das Hintergrundwissen, das sie in diesem Bereich besitzen, ist wichtig für die hier behandelte Trendsportfrage. Longboarding – dieser Eindruck entsteht schnell – ist ein äußerst facettenreicher Sport, der sich seinen Weg in einer von Verbänden und Vereinen dominierten österreichischen Sportlandschaft sucht und findet. Dieser Prozess führt unweigerlich zu Reibungsflächen, die wiederum fruchtbare Diskussionsfelder provozieren: Das Longboard als massen- taugliches Fortbewegungsmittel; Teil eines modernen und postindustriellen Sportge- dankens zu sein und sich damit zu identifizieren; das „Surferimage“, das diesem Sport anhaftet, und die Figur des „medial entworfenen“ Longboarders, die die Gemüter erhitzt – Auch das muss berücksichtigt werden, um klären zu können, wo der Longboardsport in Hinblick auf die Kategorie Trendsport momentan steht. Aber auch das ist jetzt schon klar: Die Entwicklung dieser noch ziemlich jungen Sportart bleibt noch lange nicht ste- hen, was etwa elektrobetriebene Longboards verdeutlichen. Abstract Englisch The following thesis investigates the relationship between the movement type long- boarding and the question, whether this sport could be classified as a trendsport. First this piece of work attempts to clarify where and how the roots of this movement type were founded. An area of special focus has to be given to skateboarding because the roots of longboarding relate very closely to the skateboard, and hence it is not surprising that until the 1990’s, the development of both board and glide sport disciplines pro- gressed in similar fashion. It will be attempted to distinguish, compare and contrast dif- ferences and similarities between these two sports via an extensive literature review coupled with interviews of experts in both fields. A structural analysis of the sport will be used to attempt to gain important insights of the movement type longboarding used in training, competing and as a mode of transportation. Trendsport, being the main focus of the second chapter, will firstly be looked at from several contrasting perspectives in an attempt to relate this topic to the sport of long- boarding. The models presented, criteria and trendsport phases, in combination with the analysis and expert interviews, were used to attempt to answer the question whe- ther longboarding can be defined as a trendsport. Using such a methodological approach resulted in a lack of scientific literature relating to the field. Expert insight was used to attempt to fill these gaps in knowledge. Questioned athletes enabled to create interes- ting insights in this particular trendsport question, through executing their sports and extensive background knowledge in their field. Longboarding is a very diverse sport, which has made its way in an Austrian sport scene dominated by clubs and societies. This process has led to heated discussion between the interviewed experts. The long- board as a mode of transportation fit for the masses; being part of a modern and post industrial thought process and being able to identify oneself with it and the surfer image`, that invariably relates to this sport, and portrayal of the, by the media created longboarder, often leading to discussion- all this also has to be taken into account in or- der to resolve the current standing of longboarding in relation to trendsport. This much is obvious: The development of this still young sport is only in its infancy, as portrayed by the electronic longboard. 1. PROBLEMAUFRISS ..................................................................................................................................... 3 1.1. HINFÜHRUNG ZUR FRAGESTELLUNG ....................................................................................................................... 3 1.2. METHODE DER BEARBEITUNG ................................................................................................................................. 4 1.3. GLIEDERUNG DER ARBEIT ......................................................................................................................................... 5 2. DIE GESCHICHTE DES LONGBOARDENS/SKATEBOARDENS ........................................................ 6 2.1. DIE EINLEITUNG ZUM KAPITEL ................................................................................................................................ 6 2.2. DIE ENTWICKLUNG DES SKATEBOARDS ................................................................................................................. 7 2.2.1. Die Anfänge/Ursprünge ................................................................................................................................... 7 2.2.2. Der erste Skateboardboom ......................................................................................................................... 10 2.2.3. Der zweite Skateboardboom ...................................................................................................................... 13 2.2.4. Die Zeit zwischen 1980-1984. Der Skateboardsport entwickelt sich im „Untergrund“ .... 21 2.2.5. 1985- 1990. Der Brettsport ist wieder in .............................................................................................. 23 2.2.6. Das Skateboard verändert sich. 1990 bis heute ................................................................................. 24 3. PERSPEKTIVEN DES SKATEBOARDENS ........................................................................................... 26 3.1. EINLEITUNG ZUM KAPITEL .................................................................................................................................... 26 3.2. ERKLÄRUNGEN UND PERSPEKTIVEN .................................................................................................................... 27 4. EINE DIDAKTISCHE ANALYSE DER BRETTFORM DES LONGBOARDS/SKATEBOARDS .... 29 4.1. EINLEITUNG ZUM KAPITEL .................................................................................................................................... 29 4.2. LONGBOARD ALS EINE GESCHICHTLICH ELEMENTARE FORM DES SPORTS/ DIE INVENTION DER BEWEGUNGSFORM ........................................................................................................................................................... 29 4.2.1. Die Bedeutung des Longboards in der heutigen Gesellschaft ...................................................... 34 4.3. STRUKTURANALYSE DES LONGBOARDS ............................................................................................................... 35 2.3.2. Grundformen des Longboards ................................................................................................................... 36 4.3.3. Wert und Nutzen des Longboardings und die Voraussetzungen zur erfolgreichen Aneignung dieses Sports ........................................................................................................................................... 39 4.3.3. Die sachliche Umwelt ..................................................................................................................................... 41 4.4. DIE VIER DIMENSIONEN DES DIDAKTISCHEN FELDES ...................................................................................... 46 5. TRENDSPORT ........................................................................................................................................... 47 5.1. EINLEITUNG ZUM KAPITEL
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