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Instituto Del Mar Del Perú BOLETÍN INSTITUTO DEL MAR DEL PERÚ ISSN 0458 – 7766 Volumen 28, Números 1-2 Enero - Diciembre 2013 Callao, Perú Bol Inst Mar Perú, 28 / Nos 1 y 2 / Enero - Diciembre 2013 ISSN 04858-7766 CLAVE PARA IDENTIFICACIÓN DE CRUSTÁCEOS DECÁPODOS Y ESTOMATÓPODOS DEL PERÚ KEY FOR IDENTIFICATION DECAPOD AND STOMATOPOD CRUSTACEANS OF PERU Victor Moscoso Resumen Moscoso, V. 2013. Clave para identificación de crustáceos decápodos y estomatópodos del Perú. Bol Inst Mar Perú. 28(1-2): 8-135.- En el Perú se han registrado 15 especies de estomatópodos “camarones brujo”, en esta clave sólo se han incluido 12 especies. En cuanto a los decápodos (langostinos, camarones, maruchas, muy-muyes, langostas, ermita- ños, centollas y cangrejos) se incluyen 267 especies de las 403 registradas para Perú, correspondiéndole 15 especies a langostas, 73 especies a los anomuros y 179 especies a los braquiuros. Palabras clave: Crustacea, Decapoda, Stomatopoda, langostas, cangrejos, cangrejos ermitaños, hoya amazónica. Abstract Moscoso V. 2013. Key for identification decapod and stomatopod crustaceans of Perú. Bol Inst Mar Perú. 28(1-2): 8-135.- 15 species of stomatopods “mantis shrimps” are recorder from Peru, 12 of these are included on the keys for identi- fication. About the decapods (shrimps, prawns, mud-shrimps, mole crabs, lobsters, hermit crabs, king crabs and crabs) there 403 species recorded, fom these 267 are included in the key. Among the decapods from the 15 species of lobsters, 73 species of anomurans, and 179 species of brachyurans. Keywords: Crustacea, Decapoda, Stomatopoda, lobsters, crabs, hermit crabs, mantis shrimps, Amazon basin. Introducción dos) y crustáceos decápodos tanto langostas como anomuros y braquiuros. Esta información permitirá la El esfuerzo más completo para la elaboración de claves identificación taxonómica de éstos organismos mari- de crustáceos para el Pacífico Sur Oriental comienza con nos y dulceacuícolas. Mary Jane Rathbun en sus sucesivas monografías sobre diferentes grupos de crustáceos decápodos: grápsidos Material y métodos (1918); cangrejos araña (1925); cancroides (1930); Oxys- tomata (1937). Luego, destacan las claves de John Garth Las claves se establecen en base a la revisión de lite- en su monografía de 1958 (braquiuros Oxyrhyncha de ratura. Estas se ocupan de los órdenes Stomatopoda y la costa del Pacífico de América) y junto a Stephenson Decapoda; dentro de éste último, se incluyen a las in- (1966) las claves de los Portúnidos. Janet Haig desarro- fraórdenes Astacidea, Axiidea, Achelata, Polychelida, lla elaboradas claves en su monografía sobre los Por- Anomura y Brachyura. No se incluyen en estas claves celánidos (1960). Lipke Holthuis elabora estas herra- a los decápodos del sub-orden Dendrobranchiata; a mientas en su catálogo de langostas del mundo (1991). los infra-ordenes Caridea y Gebiidea; y a las super- Jocelyn Crane elaboró estas claves dicotómicas en su familias Lithodoidea y Pseudothelphusoidea de ano- monografía sobre los cangrejos violinistas del mundo muros y braquiuros respectivamente. (1975). Raymond Manning (1980) hizo lo propio en su publicación sobre superfamilias, familias y géneros de Se traducen, modifican y reproducen total ó par- estomatópodos. Célio Magalhães junto a Michael Tür- cialmente las claves de: Superfamilia Chirostyloidea kay elaboraron claves para la familia de cangrejos de (Baba, 1977); Superfamilias Chirostyloidea y Gala- agua dulce Trichodactylidae (1996 a-c). Michel Hen- theoidea, familias Munididae y Munidopsidae (Baba, drickx elabora muy gráficas claves en sus trabajos so- 2005); Orden Stomatopoda (Bahamonde, 1968); Su- bre langostas, anomuros, cangrejos y estomatópodos perfamilia Hippoidea, familias Albuneidae y Blepha- en la guía FAO para el Pacífico centro-oriental (1995), ripodidae (Boyko, 2002); Superfamilia Ocypodoidea en sus monografías sobre braquiuros dromiideos hasta (Crane, 1975); Infraordenes Astacidea, Achelata, leucosiideos (1997) y Galatéidos (2000). Polychelida y Axiidea (Galil, 2000); Superfamilias Goneplacoidea y Xanthoidea sensu lato Xanthoi- En el Perú Matilde Méndez elaboró importantes cla- dea, Eriphioidea, Mennipidae, Platyxanthidae, Pseu- ves en el trabajo sobre crustáceos comerciales y comu- dozioidea, Pilumnoidea, Trapezoidea (Garth, 1940); nes (1982 a) y con Pedro Aguilar, sendas claves en los Superfamilia Parthenopoidea y Majoidea (Garth, artículos sobre cangrejos Pisidae-Majoidea (1978) y 1958); Superfamilia Portunoidea (Garth y Stephen- sobre los Porcelánidos (1979). son, 1966); Superfamilia Paguroidea, familias Paguri- El objetivo del presente trabajo es divulgar las claves dae y Diogenidae (Guzmán, 2004); Superfamilia Gala- de identificación de camarones brujos (estomatópo- theoidea, familias Munididae y Munidopsidae (Haig, 8 Moscoso Clave identificación crustáceos Decápodos, Estomatópodos, Perú 1956); Superfamilia Galatheoidea, familia Porcellani- tyloidea (Poore, 2004); Superfamilia Pinnotheroidea dae (Haig, 1960); Superfamilia Paguroidea, familia (Rathbun, 1918); Superfamilias Bellioidea, Cancroi- Paguridae (Haig, 1974); Superfamilia Paguroidea, fa- dea, Grapsoidea, Goneplacoidea y Xanthoidea sensu milia Diogenidae (Haig, Hopkins y Scanland, 1970); lato -Xanthoidea, Eriphioidea, Mennipidae, Platyxan- Orden Stomatopoda, infraordenes Axiidea, Gebiidea thidae, Pseudozioidea, Pilumnoidea, Trapezoidea y Anomura, Superfamilia Galatheoidea, familias Mu- (Rathbun, 1930); Superfamilia Dromioidea, familia nididae y Munidopsidae, Superfamilia Hippoidea, Dromiidae, Superfamilias Raninoidea, Dorippoidea, familias Albuneidae y Blepharipodidae, Infraorden Aethroidea, Calappoidea y Leucosioidea (Rathbun, Brachyura, Superfamilias Portunoidea, Grapsoidea 1937); Infraordenes Axiidea y Gebiidea (Sakai, 1999); y Ocypodoidea (Hendrickx, 1995); Superfamilia Pa- Superfamilia Grapsoidea (Schmitt, 1939); Superfami- guroidea, familia Parapaguridae, Superfamilia Dori- lia Galatheoidea, familias Munididae y Munidopsidae ppoidea, familia Ethusidae, Superfamilia Leucosioi- (Schmitt, 1921); Infraordenes Astacidea, Achelata, dea, familia Leucosiidae, Superfamilia Dromioidea, Polychelida y Axiidea (Williams, 1986). familia Dromiidae y Superfamilia Raninoidea, familia Raninidae (Hendrickx, 1997); Superfamilia Galatheoi- El ámbito de esta clave comprende el mar territorial dea, familias Munididae y Munidopsidae (Hendrickx, peruano: sus aguas, la plataforma y el talud continen- 2000); Infra-órdenes Astacidea, Achelata, Polychelida tal, orillas y estuarios. Abarca además, los ríos, lagos y y Axiide (Holthuis, 1991a); Superfamilia Trichodac- lagunas de la cuenca hidrográfica del Pacífico y de la tyloidea Superfamilia Trichodactyloidea (Magalhães cuenca amazónica peruana. y Türkay, 1996); Orden Stomatopoda (Manning, 1980); Superfamilia Galatheoidea, familia Porcellani- dae (Méndez y Aguilar, 1977); Superfamilia Chiros- 9 Bol Inst Mar Perú, 28 / Nos 1 y 2 / Enero - Diciembre 2013 ISSN 04858-7766 Claves de identificación ORDEN STOMATOPODA (Según Hendrickx 1995, Manning 1980, Bahamonde 1968) 1a. Propodio del tercer y cuarto par de maxilípedos más ancho que largo y generalmente ornamentado o acanalado ventralmente. Telson sin una afilada carina media (Fig. 1a) (SuperfamiliaLysiosquilloidea) 2 1b. Propodio del tercer y cuarto par de maxilípedos alargado no ornamentado ni acanalado ventralmente. Telson con una carina media cortante y dientes marginales submedianos con ápices móviles (Fig. 1b) 3 Figura 1.- Tercer maxilípedo en: a. Lysiosquilloidea; b. Squilloidea (según Hendrickx 1995) 2a. Segmento distal del endópodo de las dos primeras patas ambulatorias ancho, ovalado ó subcircular (Fig. 2a). Endópodo uropodal con un fuerte pliegue en la porción terminal del margen externo (Fig. 2b) (Fami- lia Nannosquillidae) Nannosquilla decemspinosa (Rathbun, 1910) 2b. Segmento distal del endópodo de las dos primeras patas ambulatorias alargado. Endópodo uropodal sin un fuerte pliegue en la parte proximal del margen externo (Fig. 2c) 6 Figura 2.- Nannosquillidae: a. endópodo de pata ambulatoria (según Hendrickx y Salgado Barragán, 1990); b. vista postero-dorsal mostrando telson y urópodos de Nannosquilla decemspinosa (según Hendrickx, 1995); c. endopodio de pata ambulatoria (según Hendrickx y Salgado-Barragán, 1990). 3a. Cuatro o más dentículos intermedios presentes en el telson (Superfamilia Squilloidea). Ángulos poste- ro-laterales del caparazón redondeados. Propodio del segundo pereiópodo pectinado, sin espinas rectas (Fig. 3a) (Familia Squillidae) 7 3b. Hasta 2 dentículos intermedios presentes en el telson (Fig. 3b) (Superfamilia Gonodactyloidea) 4 10 Moscoso Clave identificación crustáceos Decápodos, Estomatópodos, Perú Figura 3.- Vista dorsal-posterior del telson en: a. Squilloidea; b. Gonodactyloidea (según Hendrickx, 1995). 4a. Placa rostral triangular (Fig. 4a). Córnea globular. Dáctilo del segundo pereiópodo sin dientes (Fig. 4b) (Familia Hemisquillidae) Hemisquilla ensigera ensigera (Owen, 1832) 4b. Placa rostral oval o pentagonal, no triangular. Córnea no globular. Dáctilo del segundo par de patas con uno o más dientes 5 Figura 4.- Hemisquillidae: a. caparazón; b. segunda pata raptora (según Hendrickx, 1995). 5a. Cuerpo libremente articulado. Dáctilo del segundo pereiópodo con más de cuatro dientes (Fig. 5a) (Fami- lia Eurysquillidae) Eurysquilla solari Manning, 1970 5b. Cuerpo compacto. Dáctilo del segundo pereiópodo con no más de 3 dientes (Fig. 5b) (Familia Pseudos- quillidae) Pseudosquillopsis lessonii (Guérin, 1831) Figura 5.- Vista lateral del segundo pereiópodo en:
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