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Research Article z Available online at http://www.journalcra.com INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CURRENT RESEARCH International Journal of Current Research Vol. 8 , Issue, 11, pp.42047-42054, November, 2016 ISSN: 0975-833X RESEARCH ARTICLE CHECKLIST OF GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION OF HYMENOPODIDAE (MANTODEA: DICTYOPTERA: INSECTA) 1Shveta Patel, 2Garima Singh and 1, *Rajendra Singh 1Department of Zoology, Deendayal Upadhyay Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur – 273 009, U.P., India 2Department of Zoology, Rajasthan University, Jaipur, India ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article History: The praying mantids (Order Mantodea, Class Insecta) are a group of over 2500 carnivorous polyneopteran insects distributed in tropical and subtropical habitats of the world, from the rainforest Received 18th August, 2016 Received in revised form to the desert ground. The order Mantodea comprises over 20 families, out of which the family 09th September, 2016 Hymenopodidae, commonly known as flower mantids or orchid mantids is the most attractive with Accepted 25th October, 2016 brilliant colours and camouflaging adornments and often mimic flowers. In this compilation, the Published online 30th November, 2016 family Hymenopodidae was grouped into most acceptable 5 subfamilies: Acromantinae (12 genera, 82 species), Epaphroditinae (1 genus, 3 species), Hymenopodinae (12 genera, 79 species), Oxypilinae (7 Key words: genera, 69 species), and Phyllocraniinae (2 genera, 5 species) consisting 34 genera and 238 species/subspecies. In India, 36 species of Hymenopodidae are on record so far. The global Mantodea, Hymenopodidae, distribution of each species was given. World distribution, Praying mantis, Checklist. Copyright©2016, Shveta Patel et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Citation: Shveta Patel, Garima Singh and Rajendra Singh, 2016. “Checklist of global distribution of hymenopodidae (mantodea: dictyoptera: insecta)”, International Journal of Current Research, 8, (11), 42047-42054. INTRODUCTION Most of the distributional records are scattered in literature. The checklists of Mantodea of different The praying mantids are a group of over 2500 carnivorous countries/continents/ecozones are published in recent past by polyneopteran (Order Mantodea: Superorder Dictyoptera) several authors. Currently, Mantodea comprises over 20 insects distributed in tropical and subtropical habitats of the families, out of which the family Mantidae alone includes 1261 world, from the rainforest to the desert ground. Mantids were species/subspecies described under 188 genera assigned to 21 formerly placed along with stick insects (now order subfamilies (Patel and Singh, 2016a]. Recently, global Phasmatodea) cockroaches (now order Blattodea) and rock distribution of 6 families (Acanthopidae : 14 genera, 96 crawlers (now order Grylloblattodea) in the order Orthoptera. species/subspecies), Amorphoscelidae : 15 genera, 95 Later on, it was placed with the cockroaches and termites (now species/subspecies), Chaeteessidae : 1 genus, 6 species), order Blattodea) into the order Dictyoptera, in the suborder Mantoidae : 2 genera, 12 species), Metallyticidae : 1 genus, 5 Mantodea (Kristensen, 1995). Recently, the ordinal rank of species), and Sibyllidae : 3 genera, 17 species/subspecies) Dictyoptera was elevated to Superorder including cockroaches comprising 36 genera and 231 species/subspecies are listed by and termites (now Order Blattodea), and mantids (now Order Patel and Singh (2016b). Among the mantids, the Mantodea) (Klass and Meier, 2006; Ware et al., 2008; Hymenopodidae, commonly called as flower mantids or orchid Legendre et al., 2015). At the beginning of the 20th century mantids are the most attractive with brilliant colours and several researchers studied the taxonomy and distribution of camouflaging adornments and often mimic flowers. The Mantodea in several countries of the world, particularly of coloration is aggressive mimicry, tempting prey to approach Neotropical countries, Australia, Africa and Southeast Asia close enough to be captured and devoured. They have a raised including India. Due to several inherent taxonomical problems, process in the middle of their head and the inner margins of the most of the species described originally became synonyms front femora have alternating short and long spines with those during revision works. Even the suprageneric classification of on the tibiae being closely spaced and lying at an angle. The Mantodea varied considerable in recent years (Svenson and forewings are often decorated with bands or spiral markings Whiting, 2004; Wieland, 2013; Agudelo and Rivera, 2015; making it look rather like a target or bulls eye and also aids in Svenson et al., 2015; Revera and Svenson, 2016). frightening off attackers. Recently, the morphological descriptions and natural history of the family and its *Corresponding author: Rajendra Singh, Department of Zoology, Deendayal Upadhyay Gorakhpur University, subfamilies are described by Svenson et al. (2015). Gorakhpur – 273 009, U.P., India. Hymenopodidae is a heterogenous group of mantids (Revera 42048 Shveta Patel et al. Checklist of global distribution of hymenopodidae (mantodea: dictyoptera: Insecta) and Svenson, 2016). Six subfamilies are assigned in this Outline classification and distribution pattern of family, viz. Acromantinae, Hymenopodinae, Oxypilinae, hymenopodidae Phyllocraniinae, Phyllothelyinae and Sibyllinae (Otte et al., 2016). The subfamily Phyllothelyinae was traditionally been Due to continuous changes in the taxon nomenclature, variable kept in the family Mantidae which is recently transferred to number of genera were assigned to the family Hymenopodidae and the subfamily Sibyllinae was considered Hymenopodidae, e.g. 44 genera (Hymenopodinae-14 genera, as separate family (Sibyllidae) which is also recently demoted Acromantinae-20 genera, Epaphroditinae-4 genera, to subfamily of Hymenopodidae (Svenson et al., 2015). While Oxypilinae-6 genera) (Ehrmann 2002) to 47 genera listing the distribution of global Mantoidea, Patel and Singh (Hymenopodinae-13 genera, Acromantinae-25 genera, (2016a) have enlisted Phyllothelyinae into Mantidae and Patel Epaphroditinae-1genus, Oxypilinae-8 genera) (Svenson & and Singh (2016b) enlisted Sibyllinae as Sibyllidae. Ståll Whiting 2009). Currently, Hymenopodidae includes only 34 (1877) described the genus Ambivia, popa as a type species genera and 238 species in five subfamilies: Acromantinae (12 and assigned it to the family Harpagidae. Later on, Kirby genera), Epaphroditinae (1 genus), Hymenopodinae (12 (1904) assigned it to the subfamily Creobotrinae (Mantidae) genera), Oxypilinae (7 genera) and Phyllocraninae (2 genera) and Giglio-Tos (1915) to Acromantinae (Mantidae). Currently, (Table 1.). Acromantinae is a subfamily of Hymenopidae. One more species, parapopa was described by Wang (1993) in the genus Table 1. Outline classification of the family Hymenopodidae and Ambivia. Mantis undata described by Fabricius, 1793 was number of genera and species assigned to them and their global transferred to the genus Popa Serville, 1839 (Mantidae) by distribution Beire (1930), later on it was transferred to Ambivia Ståll, 1877 by Kaltenbach (1998). Currently, both the species, Ambivia Subfamilies Tribes Genus Species Distribution popa Ståll, 1877 and Ambivia parapopa Wang, 1993 were Acromantinae Acromantini 8 33 Southeast Asia, synonymised by Ehrmann (2015) to Ambivia undata Australia (Fabricius, 1793), thus the genus is monotypic at present. The (only 1 species) Otomantini 4 49 Africa taxonomic status of the genus Epaphrodita Serville, 1831 is Epaphroditinae Epaphroditini 1 3 Caribbean Islands not finalized yet, some taxonomists kept it under the family Hymenopodinae Anaxarchini 4 31 Southeast Asia Acanthopidae (Westwood, 1889; Travassos Filho, 1945; Terra, Hymenopodini 8 48 Africa, 1995), other in the subfamily Epaphroditinae (family Southeast Asia Oxypilinae Oxypilini 7 69 Africa, unknown) (Giglio-Tos, 1915, 1919), tribe Epaphroditini in the Southeast Asia subfamily Hymenopodinae (Beier, 1934), Acromantinae Phyllocraniinae Phyllocraniini 2 5 Africa, (Beier, 1964, 1968; Jantsch & Corseuil, 1988). Recently, Southeast Asia Epaphrodita Serville, 1831 was assigned outside Total 34 238 Hymenopodidae (Wieland, 2013; Svenson et al., 2015), however, in the present listing, it is assigned to the tribe Acromantinae is grouped into two tribes: Acromantini and Epaphroditini in the subfamily Epaphroditinae under the Otomantini. The tribe Acromantini is exclusively distributed in family Hymenopodidae. One genus, Amphecostephanus Rehn, the countries of southeast Asia including India, while the 1912 assigned earlier to Epaphroditinae is currently assigned to members of Otomantini are distributed throughout African Mantidae (subfamily Amelinae, tribe Amelini). Only one countries. Only one species, Acromantis australis Saussure, subfamily Hymenopodinae seems to be homogenous (Roy, 1871 (Acromantinae) is recorded from Australia (Rentz, 1996). 1999). However, by molecular analysis of Pseudocreobotra The Epaphroditinae are restricted in Caribbean Islands Beauvois, 1870 (Hymenopodinae) and Phyllocrania (Antigua, Cuba, Hispaniola) and in Arizona State of USA. Burmeister, 1838 (Phyllocraninae), both are considered to be Two tribes Anaxarchini and Hymenopodini are included in the monophyletic (Inward et al. 2007, Ware et al. 2008).
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