Inventarisasi Belalang Sembah (Mantodea) Di Desa Serdang Menang, Kecamatan Sirah Pulau Padang, Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ilir

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Inventarisasi Belalang Sembah (Mantodea) Di Desa Serdang Menang, Kecamatan Sirah Pulau Padang, Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ilir KumpulanKu artikelmpulan Insect artikel Villa Insectge, VolVilla 1, geNo 1, 4-6 Volume 1, No 1, 4-6 October, 2018 Inventarisasi Belalang Sembah (Mantodea) di Desa Serdang Menang, Kecamatan Sirah Pulau Padang, Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ilir Ari Sugiarto Biologist at Serdang Menang Village, Sirah Pulau Padang Sub-district, Ogan Komering Ilir District Email: [email protected] Abstrak Belalang sembah termasuk dalam ordo Mantodea memiliki adaptasi yang baik dengan kamuflase dan mimikri. Keberadaan belalang sembah pada suatu ekosistem dapat membantu dalam mengontrol populasi serangga yang berbahaya. Desa Serdang Menang, Kecamatan Sirah Pulau Padang, Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ilir memiliki beragam tipe ekosistem seperti ekosistem perkebunan, persawahan, permukiman, dan sungai. Perlu dilakukan inventarisasi belalang sembah untuk melengkapi data fauna yang ada di Indonesia. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Desa Serdang Menang pada Oktober 2018 dengan pengumpulan sampel belalang sembah dilakukan di sekitar kawasan ekosistem yang masih hijau. Hasil peneletian hanya didapatkan 1 spesies belalang sembah yaitu Heirodula formosana. Heirodula formosana yang ditemukan ada yang berwarna hijau dan ada yang berwarna cokelat. Dapat disimpulkan keanekaragaman belalang sembah di Desa Serdang Menang tergolong rendah. Kata Kunci: Belalang Sembah, Desa Serdang Menang 1. Pendahuluan Belalang sembah yang termasuk dalam Liturgusidae, Tarachodidae, Thespidae, ordo Mantodea memiliki adaptasi yang baik Iridopterygidae, Mantidae, Toxoderidae, dengan kamuflase dan mimikri. Belalang Sibyllidae, dan Empusidae (Weiland, sembah ini juga berperan sebagai predator 2010). bagi belalang, ngengat, kupu-kupu, lalat Indentifikasi dari species belalang dan kutu daun dalam ekosistem (Sureshan sembah dapat dilakukan dengan dan Sambath, 2009). Menurut Prokop dan menganalisis karakter morfologi seperti Radovan (2008), belalang sembah memiliki yang dilakukan oleh Weiland (2010) yang perilaku kanibalisme pada saat kawin. mengidentifikasi 122 spesies belalang Berdasarkan penelitian Prokop dan sembah dari 15 famili dengan Radovan didapatkan bahwa umur belalang mengkodekan 152 karakter morfologi dari sembah betina mempengaruhi perilaku belalang sembah. Seperti jarak mata, kanibalisme saat kawin. panjang pronotum, lebar pronotum, Penyebaran belalang sembah tersebar di panjang femur depan, lebar femur depan, seluruh dunia dengan kelimpahan dan panjang femur belakang, lebar femur keanekaragaman yang beragam. belakang, dan panjang tubuh (Battiston el Kelimpahan dan keanekaragaman belalang at., 2014). sembah yang lebih besar terdapat di Desa Serdang Menang, Kecamatan wilayah tropis dan makronesia (Torres, Sirah Pulau Padang, Kabupaten Ogan 2015). Jumlah species belalang sembah Komering Ilir memiliki beragam tipe diperkirakan lebih dari 2.300 spesies ekosistem seperti ekosistem perkebunan, (Zhang dan Fei, 2017) dari total 15 famili persawahan, permukiman, dan sungai yang yaitu Mantoididae, Chaeteessidae, mendukung keanekaragaman spesies. Data Metallyticidae, Amorphoscelidae, Eremia- tentang spesies belalang sembah di Desa philidae, Acanthopidae, Hymenopodidae, Serdang Menang ini belum tersedia. Perlu 4 Kumpulan artikel Insect Village, Vol 1, No 1, 4-6 5 dilakukan inventarisasi belalang sembah di kawasan ekosistem yang masih hijau Desa Serdang Menang, Kecamatan Sirah (ekosistem perkebunan, persawahan, dan Pulau Padang, Kabupaten Ogan Komering tepian sungai). Sampel diambil Ilir untuk melengkapi data fauna yang ada menggunakan insecting net dan mengambil di Indonesia. foto belalang sembah dengang camera (Patel et al., 2018). Sampel dicari dengan 2. Metode Penelitisan sweeping area pada lokasi yang sudah Penelitian ini dilakukan di desa Serdang ditentukan (Dwari dan Amal, 2018). Menang, Kecamatan Sirah Pulau Padang, Identifikasi spesies belalang sembah yang Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ilir pada ditemukan dilakukan dengan mencocokan Oktober 2018. Pengumpulan sampel foto belang sembah yang sudah belalang sembah dilakukan di sekitar diidentifikasi. 3. Hasil dan Pembahasan Berdasarkan penelitian yang telah dilakukan, didapatkan spesies belalang sembah di Desa Serdang Menang, Kecamatan Sirah Pulau Padang, Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ilir yaitu: Tabel 1. Species belalang sembah di Desa Serdang Menang, Kecamatan Sirah Pulau Padang, Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ilir Famili Spesies Gambar Mantidae Heirodula formosana (Hijau) (Cokelat) Spesies belalang sembah yang dengan Rhombodera valida (Zhang dan ditemukan di Desa Serdang Menang, Fei, 2017). Namun penelitian Weiland Kecamatan Sirah Pulau Padang, Kabupaten (2010), Heirodula dan Rhombodera Ogan Komering Ilir yaitu Heirodula merupakan satu kesamaan berdasarkan formosana dari famili Mantidae. Spesies karakteristik morfologi. belalang sembah yang ditemukan ini Keberadaan belalang sembah pada berwarna hijau dan cokelat. Belalang ekosistem persawahan dan perkebunan sembah ini ditemukan pada vegetasi bawah tentunya dapat menjadi suatu keuntungan. pada ekosistem perkebunan dan Menurut Sureshan dan Sambath, (2009), persawahan. belalang sembah merupakan predator bagi Berdasarkan hasil penelitian Dwari dan belalang, ngengat, kupu-kupu, lalat dan Amal (2018), belalang sembah dari famili kutu daun. Menurut Dwari dan Amal Mantidae ini merupakan yang paling (2018), keberadaan belalang sembah pada banyak ditemukan. Berdasarkan penelitian ekosistem persawahan dan perkebunan Patel et al. (2018), belalang sembah dari dapat membantu dalam mengontrol genus Heirodula memilikan kelimpahan populasi serangga yang berbahaya. yang tinggi. Berdasarkan analisis genetik, Heirodula formosana berkerabat dekat Kumpulan artikel Insect Village, Vol 1, No 1, 4-6 6 4. Kesimpulan Torres, F.P. 2015. Clase Insecta: Orden Berdasarkan penelitian yang telah Mantodea. Revista. 1-10. dilakukan di Desa Serdang Menang, Kecamatan Sirah Pulau Padang, Kabupaten Wiland, F. 2010. 2010. The Phylogenetic Ogan Komering Ilir didapatkan kesimpulan System of Mantodea (Insecta: yaitu, spesies belalang sembah yang Dictyoptera). Dissertation. zur ditemukan hanya spesies Heirodula Erlangung des Doktorgrades der formosana dari famili Mantidae. Heirodula Mathematisch- formosana yang ditemukan berwarna hijau Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultäten dan cokelat. Keanekaragaman belalang der Georg-August-Universität zu sembah di lokasi ini dapat dikatakan Göttingen. rendah. Zhang, H.L dan Fei, Y. 2017. Comparative Daftar Pustaka Mitogenomic Analyses of Praying Battiston, R., Joaguin, O., Jose, R.C., dan Mantises (Dictyoptera, Mantodea): Pedro, J.C. 2014. A Revision of Origin and Evolution of Unusual Apteromantis (Mantodea: Intergenic Gaps. International Mantidae, Amelinae): A Journal of Biological Sciences. Comprehensive Approach to 13(3): 367-382. Manage Old Taxonomic and Conservation Problems. Zootaxa. 3797(1): 65-77. Dwari, S dan Amal, K.M. 2018. Diversity of mantids (Insecta: Mantodea) of Howrah District, West Bengal, India. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies. 6(2): 1038-1042. Patel, H.N., A.G, Shukla, A.H, Patel, dan J.N, Prajapati. 2018. Mantids (Mantodea) of Navsari Agricultural University Campus (Gujarat): An Inventory. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences. 7(6): 3594-3599. Prokov, P dan Radovan, V. 2008. Seasonal Aspects of Sexual Cannibalism in the Praying Mantis (Mantis religiosa). J. Ethol. 26(1): 213-218. Sureshan P.M dan Sambath S. 2009. Mantid (Insecta: Mantodea) Fauna of Old Bihar (Bihar and Jharkhand) with Some New Records for the State. Records of the Zoological Survey of India. 109(3):11-26. .
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