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ESTUDO MORFO-ANATÔMICO DA MADEIRA, CASCA E FOLHA DE DUAS VARIEDADES VICARIANTES DE Sclerolobium Paniculatum VOGEL (LEGUMINOSAE, CAESALPINIOIDEAE) DE MATA E CERRADO

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ESTUDO MORFO-ANATÔMICO DA MADEIRA, CASCA E FOLHA DE DUAS VARIEDADES VICARIANTES DE Sclerolobium Paniculatum VOGEL (LEGUMINOSAE, CAESALPINIOIDEAE) DE MATA E CERRADO ESTUDO MORFO-ANATÔMICO DA MADEIRA, CASCA E FOLHA DE DUAS VARIEDADES VICARIANTES DE Sclerolobium paniculatum VOGEL (LEGUMINOSAE, CAESALPINIOIDEAE) DE MATA E CERRADO BENEDITO ALÍSIO DA SILVA PEREIRA Eng2 Agrônomo ORIENTADOR: Prof9 Dr. MÁRIO TOMAZELLO FILHO Dissertação apresentada a Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", da Universidade de são Paulo, para obtenção do título de Mestre em Ciências Florestais. PIRACICABA Estado ae são Paulo - Brasil Dezembro de 1990 Ficha catalográfica preparada pela Seção de Livros da Divisão de Biblioteca e Documentação - PCAF/USP Pereira, Benedito Alísio da Silva P436e Estudo morfo-anatômico da madeira , casca e folha de duas variedades vicariantes de Sclerolobium pani­ culatum Vogel(Leguminosae, caesalpinioideae) de mata e cerrado, Piracicaba, 1991. 192p, ilus, Diss, (Mestre) - ESALQ Bibliografia. 1, Cavoeiro - Anatomia 2, Cavoeiro - Casca 3, Ca­ voeiro - Folha 4. Cavoeiro - Morfologia 5. Cavoeiro - Variedade vicariante 6, Cerrado - Vegetação 7, Madei­ ra de cavoeiro 1, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Piracicaba. CDD 634,97332 ESTUDO MORFO-ANATÔMICO DA MADEIRA, CASCA E FOLHA DE DUAS VARIEDADES VICARIANTES DE Sclerolobium paniculatum VOGEL {LEGUMINOSAE, CAESALPINIOIDEAE) DE MATA E CERRADO BENEDITO ALÍSIO DA SILVA PEREIRA APROVADO EM : 20.03.1991 COMISSÃO JULGADORA: - Prof. Dr. MÁRIO TOMAZELLO FILHO - ESALQ/USP - Dr. JOÃO PERES CHIMELO - IPT/SP - Prof. Dr. JOSÉ ELIAS DE PAULA - IB/UnB Prof. Dr. MÁRIO TOMAZELLO FILHO Orientador ii À Lusinete e Cláudia Eliane DEDICO iii A G R A D E C I M E N T O S Diversas pessoas e instituições contribuiram para que esta Dissertação se tornasse realidade. Consigno aqui meus melhores agradecimentos a todas, principalmente: à Fundação Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística IBGE, pela liberação para cursar. o Mestrado; ao ProfQ EZECHIAS PAULO HERINGER (in memoriam), peJo esforço no sentido de viabilizar tal liberação; à Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz" (ESALQ/USP), na figura do Departamento de Ciências Florestais - DCF, pela oferta do curso; aos docentes da ESALQ, em especial aos do DCF, pelo muito que me acrescentaram em termos de saber; aos funcionários do DCF, pelo apoio e cordialidade; aos técnicos ANTONIO CARLOS FRANCO BARBOSA (Instituto de Pesquisas Tecnológicas/São Paulo), ARI ROBERTO PESCE (UNESP/Rio Claro), MARIA APARECIDA RIZZATO (Laboratório de Anatomia da Madeira/ESALQ) e UDEMILSON LUIZ CERIBELLI (Setor de Química, Celulose e Energia/ESALQ), pelo auxílio nas práticas de laboratório; aos colegas ADOLFO DINIZ BILA, CELINA FERRAZ DO VALLE, FÁBIO SPINA FRANÇA, JOSÉ TEODORO DE MELO E NARCISO CARDOSO DA SILVA, pela amizade, apoio e frutífera iv convivência; ao Prof2 Dr. JOSÉ ELIAS DE PAULA, do Labora­ t6rio de Anatomia Vegetal da Universidade de Brasília, por sua infinita disposição para apoiar, ensinar, revisar e criticar construtivamente; às professoras Dras. TEREZINHA I. PAVIANI e IRENE COSTA A. MENDES, desse mesmo laborat6rio, pelas sugestões e críticas; à professora Dra. CÉLIA MASSA BELTRATI, do Departamento de Botânica da UNESP/Rio Claro, pelos mesmos motivos; ao Eng2 PAULO ERNANI NUNES DA SILVA e à bi6loga MARIA ANGÉLICA GARCIA, pelo auxílio prestado no processamento e análise dos dados; aos meus colegas de trabalho e chefes imediatos pelo apoio oferecido durante o curso e pela compreensao; e, de forma maximamente especial, ao Profe Dr. MÁRIO TOMAZELLO FILHO (ESALQ/USP), pela orientação inteligente, segura e eficaz, pelo empenho e pelas seguidas demonstrações de amizade, compreensao e confiança. V S U M Á R I O LISTA DE TABELAS viii LISTA DE FIGURAS . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. lX RESUMO .............................................. xii SUMMARY .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. XV 1 . INTRODUÇÃO .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 2 . REVISÃO DE LITERATURA .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 4 2. 1. Histórico . .. .. .. .. .. 4 2.1.1. Do gênero Sclerolobium .•..•...••.••.. 4 2.1.2. Da espécie s. paniculatum ..•••..•.•.• 6 2.2. Descrição botânica .......................... 7 2.2.1. Do gênero Sclerolobium .•...••.••.•..• 7 2.2.2. Da espécie s. paniculatum •••••••••..• 8 2.2.3. Das var. rubiginosum e subvelutinum .. 9 2.3. Classificação e afinidades .................. 9 2.3.1. Do gênero Sclerolobium ....••.••••.•.. 9 2.3.2. Da espécie s. paniculatum .....••.•••. 10 2. 4. Chaves para identificação .. .. .. .. 11 2.4.1. Do gênero Sclerolobium .•.•.•......•.. 11 2.4.2. De S. paniculatum 12 2.4.3. Das variedades de s. paniculatu� .•... 12 2.5. Etimologia e sinonímia científica e vulgar .. 13 2.6. Distribuição geográfica ..................... 14 2.6.1. Do gênero Sclerolobium ••.••••••.•••.• 14 2.6.2. Da espécie s. paniculatum .•••.•..•••• 15 2.7. Importância econômica ....................... 16 2.7.1. Do gênero Sclerolobium ..••.•.••.•••.• 16 2.7.2. Da espécie s. paniculatum .....•....•. 19 2.8. Anatomia .................................... 20 2.8.1. Da madeira ........................... 20 2.8.1.1. Do gênero Sclerolobium •...•. 20 2.8.1.2. Da espécie s. paniculatum ..• 22 2 • 8 • 2 • D e f o 1 h a s .• •• • • •• • •• • • •• •• • •• •• • •• • ••· 2 3 vi 2.8.2.1. Do gênero Sclerolobium •.•.•• 23 2.8.2.2. Da espécie s. paniculatum ••• 24 2.8.3. De casca ............................. 24 2.8.3.1. Do gênero Sclerolobium •••••• 24 2.9. Estudos sobre fenologia ..................... 24 2.9.1. De espécies do gênero Sclerolobium ••• 24 2.9.2. Da espécie s. paniculatum ••••.••.•••• 25 2 .10. Vicariância .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 26 2.11. Anatomia x ambiente .......................• 32 2. 11 . 1. Madeira .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 3 3 2. 11. 2. Casca . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 3 7 2.11.3. Folhas .............................. 39 3 . MATERIAL E MÉTODOS . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 45 3.1. Descrição da área de origem das amostras .... 45 3.1.1. Geologia e solos ..................... 45 3.1.2. Relevo e altitude .................... 47 3.1.3. Vegetação e flora .................... 49 3 • 1 • 4 • C 1 ima . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 5 2 3.2. Escolha, localização e descrição das árvores. 55 3.3. Coleta e conservaçao das amostras 57 3.4. Documentação do material estudado 60 3.5. Preparo, exame, mensuração e descrição ...... 61 3.6. Análise estatística ......................... 72 3.7. Ilustrações .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 74 4 . RESULTADOS .. • .. .. .. .. • • • . .• . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 7 5 4. 1. Madeira . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 75 4.1.1. Variedade rubiginosum •••••••••••••••• 75 4.1.1.1. Características gerais ...... 75 4.1.1.2. Descrição macroscópica ...... 75 4.1.1.3. Descrição microscópica 76 4.1.2. Variedade subvelutinum .•.••••.••••••• 77 4.1.2.1. Características gerais 77 4.1.2.2. Descrição macroscópica 77 4.1.2.3. Descrição microscópica 78 4.1.3. Análise estatística .................. 79 vii 4.2. Casca ....................................... 88 4.2.1. Características gerais 88 4.2. 2. Descrição microscópica . .. .. .. 88 4.3. Folhas ...................................... 90 4.3.1. Variedade rubiginosum .•.•.•.•...••..• 90 4.3.1.1. Características gerais ...... 90 4.3.1.2. Nervação dos folíolos ....... 95 4.3.1.3. Estrutura anatômica dos folíolos .. .. .. .. 96 4.3.1.4. Estrutura anatômica da raque. 102 4.3.2. Variedade subvelutinum .....••..••.••. 106 4.3.2.1. Características gerais ...... 106 4.3.2.2. Nervação dos folíolos ....... 106 4.3.2.3. Estrutura anatômica dos fo- lÍolos . .. .. .. .. 107 4.3.2.4. Estrutura anatômica da raque. 114 4.3.3. Análise estatística .................. 117 5. DISCUSSÃO . .. .. .. .. .. .. 135 5.1. Madeira . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 135 5.2. Casca ....................................... 142 5.3. Folhas ...................................... 145 6 • CONCLUSÕES . .. .. .. .. .. 15 6 BIBLIOGRAFIA . .. .. .. .. • . .. .. .. 159 APÊNDICES .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 183 viii L I S T A D E T A B E L A S 01 Valores médios dos elementos climáticos registra­ dos na Estação agroclimatolÓgica da Reserva Ecológica do IBGE (período 1979/1985) ......... 51 02 Madeira. Resultado do cálculo da média (x), coeficiente de variação (c.v.) e do teste de comparação de médias das variáveis estudadas .. 89 03 Folhas. Resultados do cálculo da média (x), coeficiente de variação (c.v.) e do teste de comparação e médias das variáveis estudadas ... 118 04 Madeira. Resumo do cálculo dos valores de t para comparaçao das médias das variáveis estudadas quantitativamente ............................. 188 05 Folhas. Resumo do cálculo dos valores de t para comparaçao das médias das variáveis estudadas quantitativamente ............................. 190 ix LISTA DE FIGURAS 01 - Mapa do Distrito Federal e localização da Reserva Ecol6gica do IBGE . ..... ....... ................ 46 02 - Mapa da Reserva Ecológica do IBGE mostrando a distri­ buição das unidades edáficas e os locais de coleta das amostras estudadas ........................ 48 03 - Diagrama climático da Reserva Ecol6gica do IBGE 54 04 - Aspecto geral da árvore, casca e folha da variedade rubiginosum . •• . •. •• . • •• • .• . •• • .. •• . .. •• • . .. 58 05 - Aspecto geral da árvore, casca e folha da variedade subvel uti num . •• . .. • •. • •. • • • . •. .. •• . • •. • •. • •• 59 06 - Fotomacrografia da seção transversal da madeira das variedades rubiginosum e subvelutinum .••••••.• 80 07 - Fotomicrografia da seção transversal da madeiras das variedades rubiginosum e subvelutinum •.•.••.•• 81 08 - Fotomicrografia da seção tangencial da madeira das variedades rubiginosum e subvelutinum ....•••.• 82 09 - Fotomicrografia da seção tangencial da madeira
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