DOCSLIB.ORG

Floral Development and Systematics of the Caesalpinieae (Leguminosae: Caesalpinioideae)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Floral Development and Systematics of the Caesalpinieae (Leguminosae: Caesalpinioideae) Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 1996 Floral Development and Systematics of the Caesalpinieae (Leguminosae: Caesalpinioideae). Katherine Ellen Kantz Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Recommended Citation Kantz, Katherine Ellen, "Floral Development and Systematics of the Caesalpinieae (Leguminosae: Caesalpinioideae)." (1996). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 6257. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/6257 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter free, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction Is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely afreet reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6” x 9” black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. UMI A Bell & Howell Information Company 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor MI 48106-1346 USA 313/761-4700 800/521-0600 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. FLORAL DEVELOPMENT AND SYSTEMATTCS OF THE CAESALPINIEAE (LEGUMINOSAE: CAESALPENIOIDEAE) A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Department of Plant Biology by Katherine Kantz B.S., University of California, Berkeley, 1990 August 1996 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. UMI Number: 9706340 UMI Microform 9706340 Copyright 1996, by UMI Company. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. UMI 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, MI 48103 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This research was supported by an NSF grant to S.C. Tucker (Grant # DEB92- 17671). For their guidance on this project, I would like the thank my major advisor, Dr. Shirley Tucker, and the other members of my committee: Dr. Russell Chapman, Dr. Marsh Sundberg, Dr. Leonard Thien, and Dr. Lowell Urbatsch. I would especially like to thank Gwylim Lewis, his help on this project was invaluable. I would also like to thank Andrew Douglas for insightful discussions about this project and for training me in the techniques of dissection, material preparation, and photography. Tom Kantz, Kathy Taylor, and Keith Fessel have given me the encouragement and support that have kept me going through the years. In addition, discussions with them have kept me excited about my research. ii Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.................................................................................. ii ABSTRACT........................................................................................................ iv CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION......................................................................... 1 LITERATURE CITED IN CHAPTER I ...................... 7 2 FLORAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE CAESALPINIEAE WITH PARTICULAR EMPHASIS ON THE CAESALPINIA AND PELTOPHORUM GROUPS............................................... 9 INTRODUCTION........................................................... 10 MATERIALS AND METHODS................................... 17 RESULTS........................................................................ 17 DISCUSSION....................................................................167 LITERATURE CITED IN CHAPTER 2 ....................... 183 3 FLORAL DEVELOPMENT OF SELECTED OUTGROUP TAXA FROM THE FAMILIES CHRYSOBALANACEAE AND SAPINDACEAE................................................................188 INTRODUCTION......................................................... 189 MATERIALS AND METHODS................................... 191 RESULTS....................................................................... 192 DISCUSSION................................................................. 217 LITERATURE CITED IN CHAPTER 3 ..................... 222 4 PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF THE LEGUMINOSAE 225 INTRODUCTION......................................................... 226 MATERIALS AND METHODS.................................. 229 RESULTS....................................................................... 236 DISCUSSION................................................................. 240 LITERATURE CITED IN CHAPTER 4 ..................... 255 5 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS....................................... 260 APPENDIX: DATA MATRIX........................................................................... 263 VITA.................................................................................................................. 271 iii Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ABSTRACT The floral development of representatives from some of the informal taxonomic groups of the Caesalpinieae was examined. The floral developmental data was then used in a phylogenetic analysis in combination with more traditional morphological characters, including floral, vegetative and fruit characters. The analysis of 53 taxa and 84 characters produced 1215 equally parsimonious trees of length 386 (Cl = .317, RI = .585, RCI = .186). Based on this analysis Caesalpinia sensu lato is not monophyletic, since at least two of the other genera in the Caesalpinia group are nested within Caesalpinia sensu lato. Of the infrageneric groups within Caesalpinia sensu lato, the infrageneric groups Libidibia and Brasilettia, and Caesalpinia subgenus M ezoneuron are monophyletic, but the infrageneric groups Caesalpinia sensu stricto, Poincianella, and Russellodendron are not monophyletic. Although many new characters were used in the phylogenetic analysis of the Caesalpinieae, no characters were found which specifically unite the members of the Caesalpinieae. Based on this analysis, the Caesalpinieae is comprised of several disparate lineages and is not a natural group. Two of the informal taxonomic groups of the Caesalpinieae, the Caesalpinia and Peltophorum groups, are not monophyletic based on this analysis. One member of the Peltophorum group, Campsiandra comosa, is more closely related to the Gleditsia and Poeppigia groups than to the rest of the Peltophorum group. The other members of the Peltophorum group included in this analysis are nested within the Caesalpinia group. The Caesalpinia/Peltophorum clade (excluding Campsiandra comosa) is derived within the Leguminosae and is the sister group to the Cassiinae ( Cassia, Senna, and iv Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Chamaecrista). Together these two clades are sister to a Detarieae/Papilionoideae clade. The Gleditsia group, Poeppigia group and Campsiandra comosa from the Peltophorum group are in a clade with Ceratonia siliqua (Cassieae). Information on floral development was successfully used, along with more traditional morphological characters, in a phylogenetic analysis of the Leguminosae. V Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. CHAPTER 1 nsrraoDUCTiON 1 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. The Leguminosae, with approximately 700 genera and 17,000 species, is one of the largest angiosperm families and is tremendously diverse morphologically, chemically, and ecologically. The family is typically split into three subfamilies: Caesalpinioideae, Mimosoideae and Papilionoideae. Two of these, Mimosoideae and Papilionoideae, are clearly monophyletic based on evidence from many sources, including morphological, molecular and biochemical. However, Caesalpinioideae is not. The subfamily Caesalpinioideae is divided into four tribes: Caesalpinieae,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Brazilwood (Caesalpinia Echinata) in Brazil
    NDF WORKSHOP CASE STUDIES WG 1 – Trees CASE STUDY 5 MEXICO Caesalpinia echinata 2008 Country – BRAZIL Original language – English BRAZILWOOD (CAESALPINIA ECHINATA) IN BRAZIL AUTHORS: Elena Mejía* Ximena Buitrón** *UICN SUR consultant. **Senior Biodiversity Officer, UICN SUR Regional Office for South America. Acknowledgements Doris Cordero, Forest Program Officer (UICN-SUR) for compiling availa- ble information and contacting the CITES Scientific and Management Authorities, and Claudia Mello and José Chaves, Brazilian Institute for the Environment and Renewable Natural Resources (IBAMA, CITES Authority) for providing valuable information and data. I. BACKGROUND INFORMATION ON THE TAXA Brazilwood (Caesalpinia echinata) is the national tree of Brazil, where it is commonly known as pau brasil. After many years of harvesting, this species is on the verge of extinction. Despite Brazilwood’s inclu- sion on CITES Appendix II and the Brazilian threatened plant species list, exploitation continues due to its extremely dense hardwood ideal for making bows for stringed musical instruments (Global Trees 2008). Available information on the use of C. echinata for manufacturing bows is limited. Reliable figures on volumes exported from Brazil for this purpose are lacking, and volumes used by Brazilian bow-makers is also unknown (CITES 2007). Brazilwood is a late secondary canopy tree whose natural habitat is mainly semi-deciduous seasonal forests occurring on sandy marine soils of Brazil’s coastal Atlantic Forest (Mata Atlântica). Local ecologi- WG 1 – CASE STUDY 5 – p.1 cal factors lend a sclerophyllous aspect to this type of vegetation (Cardoso et al. 1998). Brazilwood’s natural distribution is restricted to between Rio Grande do Norte and Rio de Janeiro (Borges et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Pharmacognostical and Physico–Chemical Standardization of Leaves of Caesalpinia Pulcherrima
    IJRPC 2011, 1(4) Pawar et al. ISSN: 22312781 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PHARMACY AND CHEMISTRY Available online at www.ijrpc.com Research Article PHARMACOGNOSTICAL AND PHYSICO–CHEMICAL STANDARDIZATION OF LEAVES OF CAESALPINIA PULCHERRIMA C. R. Pawar1*, R. B. Kadtan1, A. A. Gaikwad1 and D. B. Kadtan2 1S.N.D. College of Pharmacy, Babhulgaon, Yeola, Nasik (Dt.), Maharashtra, India. 2R.C. Patel institute of pharmacy, Shirpur, Dhule, Maharashtra, India. *Corresponding Author: [email protected] ABSTRACT Caesalpinia pulcherrima belonging to family Caesalpiniaceae is distributed throught out India. Commonly it is known as Peacock-flower. Plant shows diterpenoids, isovouacaperol, sitosterol and flavonoids. The plant is considered as emmenagogue, purgative and stimulant, abotificient and also used in bronchitis, asthma and malarial fever, leaves used as antipyretic, antimicrobial. Flower also shows antioxidant and antiviral activity. The present study deals with the macroscopical and microscopical studies of Caesalpinia pulcherrima leaf. Macroscopically, the Caesalpinia pulcherrima is compound leaf, ovate shape, entire margin and glabrous surface, asymmetrical base, small petiole. The microscopic study showed presence of collenchyma, vascular bundle, spongy parenchyma, palisade cells, stomata. Some distinct characters were observed while studying the transverse sections. Physiochemical studies revealed total ash, acid insoluble ash, water insoluble ash, loss on drying, alcohol soluble extractive, water soluble extractive and preliminary phytochemical studies of the leaves were also carried out. The present study might be useful to supplement information in regard to its identification parameters. Keywords: Caesalpinia pulcherrima, physico-chemical analysis, phytochemical study. INTRODUCTION diterpenoids, isovouacaperol, sitosterol also Caesalpinia pulcherrima is also known as present. Caesalpinia pulcherrima is used for a peacock flower1 is the type of genus fabaceae various purpose of herbal medicine.
    [Show full text]
  • Prosiding Seminar Nasional Biotik 2018 ISBN: 978-602-60401-9-0
    Prosiding Seminar Nasional Biotik 2018 ISBN: 978-602-60401-9-0 KEANEKARAGAMAN JENIS TUMBUHAN SPERMATOPHYTA FAMILY FABACEAE DI PEGUNUNGAN DEUDAP PULO ACEH KABUPATEN ACEH BESAR Hariyati1), Mirna Zulmaidar2), Rahmalia Hasanah3) 1-3)Program Studi Pendidikan Biologi FTK UIN Ar-Raniry Banda Aceh Email: [email protected] ABSTRAK Penelitian tentang “Keanekaragaman Jenis Tumbuhan Spermatophyta Family Fabaceae di Pegunungan Deudap Pulo Aceh Kabupaten Aceh Besar” telah dilakukan pada tanggal 15 April 2017. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui keanekaragaman jenis tumbuhan Spermatophyta family Fabaceae di pegunungan Deudap, kecamatan Pulo Aceh, kabupaten Aceh Besar. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kombinasi metode transek garis (line transek) dan metode menjelajah. Analisis data dilakukan dengan cara kuantitatif menggunakan rumus indeks keanekaragaman. Hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa terdapat 3 spesies tumbuhan family Fabaceae yang tergolong ke dalam 2 subfamily, yaitu subfamily Faboideae dan Caesalpinioideae. Indeks keanekaragaman jenis tumbuhan Spermatophyta family Fabaceae yang diperoleh adalah 1,0795. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa keanekaragaman jenis tumbuhanspermatophyta family Fabaceae tergolong sedang. Kata Kunci: Keanekaragaman, Spermatophyta, Fabaceae, Pulo Aceh. PENDAHULUAN amily Fabaceae merupakan anggota pada akar atau batangnya. Jaringan yang dari ordo Fabales yang dicirikan mengandung bakteri simbiotik ini biasanya dengan buah bertipe polong. Family ini menggelembung dan membentuk bintil-bintil. terdistribusi secara luas di seluruh dunia dan Setiap jenis biasanya bersimbiosis pula dengan terdiri atas 18.000 spesies yang tercakup dalam jenis bakteri yang khas pula (Arifin Surya dan 650 genus (Langran, et.al., 2010). Berdasarkan Priyanti, 2016). ciri pada bunga dan biji, ahli botani membagi Desa Deudap merupakan suatu desa di family Fabaceae menjadi tiga subfamily, yaitu kecamatan Pulo Aceh yang kawasannya masih Caesalpinioideae, Faboideae, dan Mimosoideae alami ditandai dengan adanya kekayaan dan (Ariati, et.al., 2001).
    [Show full text]
  • Leguminosae Subfamily Papilionoideae Author(S): Duane Isely and Roger Polhill Reviewed Work(S): Source: Taxon, Vol
    Leguminosae Subfamily Papilionoideae Author(s): Duane Isely and Roger Polhill Reviewed work(s): Source: Taxon, Vol. 29, No. 1 (Feb., 1980), pp. 105-119 Published by: International Association for Plant Taxonomy (IAPT) Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1219604 . Accessed: 16/08/2012 02:44 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. International Association for Plant Taxonomy (IAPT) is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Taxon. http://www.jstor.org TAXON 29(1): 105-119. FEBRUARY1980 LEGUMINOSAE SUBFAMILY PAPILIONOIDEAE1 Duane Isely and Roger Polhill2 Summary This paper is an historical resume of names that have been used for the group of legumes whose membershave papilionoidflowers. When this taxon is treatedas a subfamily,the prefix "Papilion-", with various terminations, has predominated.We propose conservation of Papilionoideae as an alternative to Faboideae, coeval with the "unique" conservation of Papilionaceaeat the family rank. (42) Proposal to revise Code: Add to Article 19 of the Code: Note 2. Whenthe Papilionaceaeare includedin the family Leguminosae(alt. name Fabaceae) as a subfamily,the name Papilionoideaemay be used as an alternativeto Faboideae(see Art. 18.5 and 18.6).
    [Show full text]
  • Caesalpinia Pulcherrima (Dwarf Poinciana) Size/Shape
    Caesalpinia pulcherrima (Dwarf Poinciana) The dwarf Poinciana is a fast growing large shrub or small tree Leaves are bright green bi-pinnate feathery. Flowers are very showy yellow and orange in the middle appearing throughout the year. The fruits are pod. Makes a good specimen and used as barrier. All plant parts are poisonous. Grows well in drained sandy soil and needs full sun. Landscape Information French Name: Césalpinie la plus belle, Petit Flamboyant Pronounciation: sez-al-PIN-ee-uh pul-KAIR- ih-muh Plant Type: Shrub Origin: South America Heat Zones: 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 Hardiness Zones: 9, 10, 11, 12 Uses: Specimen, Border Plant, Container, Windbreak, Reclamation Size/Shape Growth Rate: Fast Tree Shape: Round Plant Image Canopy Symmetry: Irregular Canopy Density: Medium Canopy Texture: Fine Height at Maturity: 3 to 5 m Spread at Maturity: 1.5 to 3 meters Time to Ultimate Height: 5 to 10 Years Caesalpinia pulcherrima (Dwarf Poinciana) Botanical Description Foliage Leaf Arrangement: Opposite Leaf Venation: Pinnate Leaf Persistance: Evergreen Leaf Type: Bipinnately compound Leaf Blade: Less than 5 Leaf Shape: Oblong Leaf Margins: Entire Leaf Textures: Rough Leaf Scent: No Fragance Color(growing season): Green Color(changing season): Green Flower Image Flower Flower Showiness: True Flower Size Range: 3 - 7 Flower Type: Raceme Flower Sexuality: Monoecious (Bisexual) Flower Scent: No Fragance Flower Color: Yellow Seasons: Year Round Trunk Trunk Susceptibility to Breakage: Suspected to breakage Number of Trunks: Multi-Trunked,
    [Show full text]
  • Landscape Guidelines
    Town of Paradise Valley Landscape Guidelines September 26, 1996 P:\PLANDEPT\MISC\PRIDEPRJ\LANDGUID.DOC TOWN OF PARADISE VALLEY LANDSCAPING GUIDELINES The following landscape planting guidelines were accepted by the Paradise Valley Town Council on September 26, 1996, to provide guidance to public and private property owners alike in the preservation and enhancement of the community’s natural environment. The Town Council has directed the Town Staff to provide these guidelines to applicants for land division approval, special use permits, and building permits. The Council also directs that Staff utilize these landscaping guidelines for all Town projects. GOAL: Tree-shaded streets and paths throughout the Town which enhance the natural desert, soften the impression given by the hard surfaces of the streets, and shield residents, homes and passersby from heat, pollution, and traffic; and to create ample massings of plantings to offset harmful pollutants and provide additional storage of carbon, greater production of oxygen and more efficient mitigation of air pollution. LANDSCAPING 1. Planting of canopy trees in new developments, as well as along existing streets, should be required at a minimum of 30 foot intervals in the rights of way along the street, between the edge of the pavement and the adjacent path, between the path and the adjacent property line, or between the pavement and the adjacent property. Ironwood trees should make up at least 20 percent of such plantings. Similar plantings of shrubs at a minimum of 20 foot intervals should also be required. Tables #1 and #2 are partial, but representative, lists of indigenous and compatible trees.
    [Show full text]
  • Characteristics of the Stem-Leaf Transitional Zone in Some Species of Caesalpinioideae (Leguminosae)
    Turk J Bot 31 (2007) 297-310 © TÜB‹TAK Research Article Characteristics of the Stem-Leaf Transitional Zone in Some Species of Caesalpinioideae (Leguminosae) Abdel Samai Moustafa SHAHEEN Botany Department, Aswan Faculty of Science, South Valley University - EGYPT Received: 14.02.2006 Accepted: 15.02.2007 Abstract: The vascular supply of the proximal, middle, and distal parts of the petiole were studied in 11 caesalpinioid species with the aim of documenting any changes in vascular anatomy that occurred within and between the petioles. The characters that proved to be taxonomically useful include vascular trace shape, pericyclic fibre forms, number of abaxial and adaxial vascular bundles, number and relative position of secondary vascular bundles, accessory vascular bundle status, the tendency of abaxial vascular bundles to divide, distribution of sclerenchyma, distribution of cluster crystals, and type of petiole trichomes. There is variation between studied species in the number of abaxial, adaxial, and secondary bundles, as seen in transection of the petiole. There are also differences between leaf trace structure of the proximal, middle, and distal regions of the petioles within each examined species. Senna italica Mill. and Bauhinia variegata L. show an abnormality in their leaf trace structure, having accessory bundles (concentric bundles) in the core of the trace. This study supports the moving of Ceratonia L. from the tribe Cassieae to the tribe Detarieae. Most of the characters give valuable taxonomic evidence reliable for delimiting the species investigated (especially between Cassia L. and Senna (Cav.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby) at the generic and specific levels, as well as their phylogenetic relationships.
    [Show full text]
  • A Synopsis of the Genus Hoffmannseggia (Leguminosae)
    NUMBER 9 SIMPSON AND ULIBARRI: SYNOPSIS OF HOFFMANNSEGGIA 7 A SYNOPSIS OF THE GENUS HOFFMANNSEGGIA (LEGUMINOSAE) Beryl B. Simpson and Emilio A. Ulibarri Integrative Biology and Plant Resources Center, The University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712 USA Instituto de Botanica Darwinion, IBODA-CONICET, C.C. 22 (Labarden 200), Bl642HYD San Isidro, Argentina Abstract: The genus Hoffmannseggia Cav., now recognized as a monophyletic group distinct from Caesalpinia and Pomaria, consists of 22 species and is amphitropically distributed between North and South America, with 11 species in arid and semi-arid areas of the southwestern USA and adjacent Mexico, and 12 species in southern South America. Recent publications have provided a revision of Hoffmannseggia for North America, a resolved phylogeny, and an analysis of the biogeography of the genus, but there is to date no treatment of all of the taxa. Here we present a key to the genus and its closest relatives, a key to all of the recognized taxa, typification, distributional data for each species, selected specimens examined for the South American taxa, and notes where appropriate. Keywords: Caesalpinia, Caesalpinieae, Hoffmannseggia, Fabaceae, Leguminosae. Resumen: El genero Hoffmannseggia, actualmente reconocido como un grupo mo­ nofiletico distinto de Caesalpinia y Pomaria dentro de Caesalpinieae, consiste en 22 especies con distribuci6n anfitropical en zonas semi-aridas y aridas de Norte y Su­ damerica. De ellas, 11 especies se encuentran en el sudoeste de U. S. A. y norte de Mexico; las otras 12 en America del Sur, creciendo en las zonas andinas y semide­ serticas del Peru, Bolivia, Chile y Argentina. Recientes publicaciones por uno de los autores (B.
    [Show full text]
  • A REVISION of Pomaria (FABACEAE) in NORTH AMERICA
    46 LUNDELLIA MAY1998 A REVISION OF Pomaria (FABACEAE) IN NORTH AMERICA Beryl B. Simpson Plant Resources Center and Department of Botany, The University of Texas, Austin, TX 78713 Abstract: The genus Pomaria, described by Cavanilles in 1799 but subsequently sub­ merged in either Caesalpinia or Hoffmannseggia, is treated here as a distinct genus and the North American species are revised. This revision provides a key, corrected nomenclature, new combinations, and descriptions for all North American species. One new species is described and distribution maps are provided for each of the nine species. Resumen: El genero Pomaria, descrito por Cavanilles en 1799 y subsecuentemente sinonimizado ya sea bajo Caesalpinia o Hoffmannseggia, es tratado como un genero distinto cuyas especies norteamericanas son revisadas aqui. Esta revisi6n provee claves, una nomenclatura corregida, nuevas combinaciones y descripciones para todas las especies de Norteamerica. Se describe una nueva especie y se proveen mapas de distribuci6n para las nueve especies del subcontinente. Keywords: Caesalpinia, Pomaria, Hoffmannseggia, Caesalpinieae, Caesalpinioideae For over 100 years, systematists have (1865) and Taubert (1894) also subsumed disagreed on the circumscriptions of Melanosticta in Hoffmannseggia but they Caesalpinia (Fabaceae) and its segregates in treated Pomaria as a section of Caesalpinia. North America. The main point of con­ The uncertainty of workers dealing with the tention has been whether there is one genus, group is exemplified by Fisher (1892) who Caesalpinia, or whether components recognized Hoffmannseggia ( sensu Torrey of it are more naturally treated as and Gray) as a distinct genus but a year later distinct genera. Of concern here are species transferred all of the species to Caesalpinia variously placed in Caesalpinia, Pomaria, (Fisher, 1893).
    [Show full text]
  • Contributions to the Solution of Phylogenetic Problem in Fabales
    Research Article Bartın University International Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences Araştırma Makalesi JONAS, 2(2): 195-206 e-ISSN: 2667-5048 31 Aralık/December, 2019 CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE SOLUTION OF PHYLOGENETIC PROBLEM IN FABALES Deniz Aygören Uluer1*, Rahma Alshamrani 2 1 Ahi Evran University, Cicekdagi Vocational College, Department of Plant and Animal Production, 40700 Cicekdagi, KIRŞEHIR 2 King Abdulaziz University, Department of Biological Sciences, 21589, JEDDAH Abstract Fabales is a cosmopolitan angiosperm order which consists of four families, Leguminosae (Fabaceae), Polygalaceae, Surianaceae and Quillajaceae. The monophyly of the order is supported strongly by several studies, although interfamilial relationships are still poorly resolved and vary between studies; a situation common in higher level phylogenetic studies of ancient, rapid radiations. In this study, we carried out simulation analyses with previously published matK and rbcL regions. The results of our simulation analyses have shown that Fabales phylogeny can be solved and the 5,000 bp fast-evolving data type may be sufficient to resolve the Fabales phylogeny question. In our simulation analyses, while support increased as the sequence length did (up until a certain point), resolution showed mixed results. Interestingly, the accuracy of the phylogenetic trees did not improve with the increase in sequence length. Therefore, this study sounds a note of caution, with respect to interpreting the results of the “more data” approach, because the results have shown that large datasets can easily support an arbitrary root of Fabales. Keywords: Data type, Fabales, phylogeny, sequence length, simulation. 1. Introduction Fabales Bromhead is a cosmopolitan angiosperm order which consists of four families, Leguminosae (Fabaceae) Juss., Polygalaceae Hoffmanns.
    [Show full text]
  • Karyomorphology of Caesalpinia Species (Caesalpinioideae: Fabaceae) from Caatinga and Mata Atlantica Biomes of Brazil
    Journal of Plant Studies; Vol. 1, No. 2; 2012 ISSN 1927-0461 E-ISSN 1927-047X Published by Canadian Center of Science and Education Karyomorphology of Caesalpinia Species (Caesalpinioideae: Fabaceae) from Caatinga and Mata Atlantica Biomes of Brazil Polliana Silva Rodrigues1, Margarete Magalhães Souza2 & Ronan Xavier Corrêa2 1 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Brazil 2 Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Brazil Correspondence: Ronan Xavier Corrêa, Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Brazil. Tel: 55-733-680-5183. E-mail: [email protected] Received: November 29, 2011 Accepted: December 12, 2011 Online Published: August 10, 2012 doi:10.5539/jps.v1n2p82 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jps.v1n2p82 This research was supported by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico (CNPq) (grants numbers CNPq 620147/2004-0 and 473393/2007-7). P.S.R. was awarded MSc. Fellowships from Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa no Estado da Bahia (FAPESB) and Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Abstract Out of 140 Caesalpinia s.l. species, only 20 species have the chromosome numbers presently known, and nine species have the karyomorphological studies available. We determine the karyotype and the chromosome morphometry in five Caesalpinia s.l. spp., and we describe the heterochromatin pattern in four of them. The diploid chromosome number of 24 was reported for the first time in Caesalpinia calycina, Caesalpinia microphylla and Caesalpinia pluviosa var. peltophoroides, and confirmed in Caesalpinia ferrea var. leiostachya and Caesalpinia pulcherrima. Different karyotype formulae were obtained for each of these five species.
    [Show full text]
  • Homoisoflavonoids and Chalcones Isolated from Haematoxylum
    molecules Article Homoisoflavonoids and Chalcones Isolated from Haematoxylum campechianum L., with Spasmolytic Activity Armando Escobar-Ramos 1, Carlos Ernesto Lobato-García 1,*, Alejandro Zamilpa 2 ID , Abraham Gómez-Rivera 1, Jaime Tortoriello 2 and Manasés González-Cortazar 2,* ID 1 Academics Division of Basic Sciences, University Juárez Autonomous of Tabasco, Highway Cunduacán-Jalpa Km. 0.5, Cunduacán Tabasco 86690, Mexico; [email protected] (A.E.-R.); [email protected] (A.G.-R.) 2 Southern Biomedical Research, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Argentina No. 1, Col. Centro, Xochitepec 62790, Mexico; [email protected] (A.Z.); [email protected] (J.T.) * Correspondence: [email protected] (C.E.L.-G.); [email protected] (M.G.-C.); Tel.: +52-(777)-3-612-155 (M.G.-C.) Received: 13 July 2017; Accepted: 18 August 2017; Published: 24 August 2017 Abstract: Haematoxylum campechianum is a medicinal plant employed as an astringent to purify the blood and to treat stomach problems such as diarrhea and dysentery. A bio-guided chemical fractionation of the methanolic extract obtained from this plant allowed for the isolation of five compounds: two chalcones known as sappanchalcone (1); 3-deoxysappanchalcone (2); three homoisoflavonoids known as hematoxylol A (3); 4-O-methylhematoxylol (4); and, hematoxin (5). The spasmolytic activity was determined in an in vitro model (electrically induced contractions of guinea pig ileum), and allowed to demonstrate that the methanolic extract (EC50 = 62.11 ± 3.23) fractions HcF7 (EC50 = 61.75 ± 3.55) and HcF9 (EC50 = 125.5 ± 10.65) and compounds 1 (EC50 = 16.06 ± 2.15) and 2 (EC50 = 25.37 ± 3.47) of Haematoxylum campechianum present significant relaxing activity as compared to papaverine (EC50 = 20.08 ± 2.0) as a positive control.
    [Show full text]