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Universidade De São Paulo Instituto De Psicologia UNIVERSIDADE DE SÃO PAULO INSTITUTO DE PSICOLOGIA Percilio Araujo da Silva Filho A construção do conceito de dissociação e sua relevância para a psicologia São Paulo 2018 2 Percilio Araujo da Silva Filho A construção do conceito de dissociação e sua relevância para a psicologia Versão Corrigida Dissertação entregue ao Instituto de Psicologia da USP como parte do processo para a obtenção do título de Mestre no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia Social e do Trabalho Área de concentração: Psicologia Social Orientador: Prof. Dr. Wellington Zangari São Paulo 2018 3 AUTORIZO A REPRODUÇÃO E DIVULGAÇÃO TOTAL OU PARCIAL DESTE TRABALHO, POR QUALQUER MEIO CONVENCIONAL OU ELETRÔNICO, PARA FINS DE ESTUDO E PESQUISA, DESDE QUE CITADA A FONTE. Catalogação na publicação Biblioteca Dante Moreira Leite Instituto de Psicologia da Universidade de São Paulo Dados fornecidos pelo(a) autor(a) Silva Filho, Percilio Araujo da A construção do conceito de dissociação e sua relevância para a psicologia / Percilio Araujo da Silva Filho; orientador Wellington Zangari. -- São Paulo, 2018. 127 f. Dissertação (Mestrado - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia Social) -Instituto de Psicologia, Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. 1. Dissociação. 2. Saúde Mental. 3. Hipnose. 4. História da Psicologia. 5. Cultura. I. Zangari, Wellington, orient. II. Título. 4 Nome: Percilio Araujo da Silva Filho Título: A construção do conceito de dissociação e sua relevância para a psicologia Dissertação apresentada ao Instituto de Psicologia da Universidade de São Paulo para obtenção do título de Mestre em Psicologia Tese defendida e aprovada em: ___________________________________ Banca Examinadora Prof. Dr. ____________________________________________________ Instituição:___________________________________________________ Julgamento:__________________________________________________ Prof. Dr. ____________________________________________________ Instituição:___________________________________________________ Assinatura:___________________________________________________ Prof. Dr. ____________________________________________________ Instituição:___________________________________________________ Assinatura:___________________________________________________ 5 A meus pais, com amor e infinita gratidão 6 Agradecimentos A meu orientador e amigo, Prof. Dr. Wellington Zangari, por ter me aberto as portas do InterPSI (Laboratório de Psicologia Anomalística e Processos Psicossociais) no Instituto de Psicologia da USP e me acolhido, bem como ter acreditado em mim e em meu trabalho me oferecendo todo seu incondicional apoio, que foi absolutamente imprescindível para que eu pudesse me manter firme ao longo de todo o mestrado. Afirmo aqui minha admiração, gratidão, respeito e afeto. Aos Prof. Dr. Everton Maraldi e Profa. Dra. Camila Mendonça Torres por terem me recebido afetuosamente nos grupos de estudos vinculados ao InterPSI dos quais são organizadores, respectivamente tanto o GEALTER (Grupo de Estudos sobre Alterações e Anomalias da Identidade) como o GEPPSIREL (Grupo de Estudos e Pesquisas em Psicologia da Religião) e também pelo carinho, amizade, e valiosas contribuições durante minha Banca de Qualificação, pois foram essas observações que me auxiliaram para que eu pudesse organizar e direcionar meus esforços. Literalmente me sentí caminhando no ombro de gigantes, e essa ajuda enriqueceu, mudou rumos e transformou completamente para muito melhor a qualidade da minha dissertação. À Prof. Dra. Fátima Regina Machado, por também ter aberto para mim as portas do InterPSI e servido sempre como grande inspiração e modelo de pesquisadora e humanidade, alguém com quem sempre pude aprender e, também, ter a honra de trabalhar em parceria. Minha profunda admiração. Ao Prof. Dr. Carlos Alvarado pelas valiosas sugestões e por ter compartilhado grande quantidade de material relevante para a execução do trabalho. A todos os colegas do InterPSI e os grupos de estudos, pelo apoio, aprendizado, companhia, viagens em grupo a eventos científicos e também os afetuosos momentos de confraternização. Às secretárias do departamento de Psicologia Social e do Trabalho, Marinalva Gil e Rosângela Segaki, por todo o cuidado e atenção que dispensaram a mim em relação aos processos administrativos envolvendo o mestrado. Aos queridos amigos Cristiane Accica, Iara Walendy, Patrícia Montini e Ricardo Ferreira pelo apoio, ajuda, motivação, paciência e presença durante todo o tempo em que estive trabalhando na dissertação. 7 Resumo SILVA FILHO, Percilio Araujo da. A construção do conceito de dissociação e sua relevância para a psicologia. Dissertação (Mestrado). Instituto de Psicologia. Universidade de São Paulo, p. 127. O verbo dissociar remete à cisão ou desagregação, termos esses que no campo da saúde mental estão associados à doença e à patologia, dificilmente à saúde. O objetivo desse trabalho foi mostrar como a concepção de dissociação foi construída socialmente a partir de mecanismos da mente (a associação e a desagregação de seus elementos) que se mantiveram como denominadores comuns ao longo da história da saúde mental por meio de práticas como o xamanismo, exorcismo, magnetismo animal e a hipnose. Finalmente, ao final do século XIX e início do século XX, a medicina e a nascente psicologia valeram- se da dissociação para estudarem fenômenos como as múltiplas personalidades, a histeria e mesmo a experiência religiosa, de maneira tal que diversos investigadores pioneiros como William James, Pierre Janet, Alfred Binet, Frederic Myers, Morton Prince e outros, integraram muitos (ou todos) desses princípios em suas próprias propostas teóricas e influenciaram toda a psicologia, ao conceituarem que a mente se dividia em consciente ou inconsciente, bem como apresentava múltiplos níveis e compartimentos que podiam ser tanto cindidos e desagregados como unidos e conectados. O método utilizado na investigação foi a revisão bibliográfica e a análise foi realizada a partir da ótica crítica da psicologia social. Essa tradição de pensamento psicológico cuja base é dissociativa (enquanto processo) e hipnótica (enquanto instrumento) foi obnubilada ao longo do século XX com o surgimento de novas propostas, como o behaviorismo e a psicanálise, e, também, com a patologização à qual o fenômeno dissociativo foi exposto ao longo do século XX. O presente trabalho concluiu que o estudo da dissociação é relevante para a psicologia tanto em seus aspectos históricos como atuais, por se tratar de um fenômeno psicológico presente em diversas teorias, normal em si, mas que pode adquirir conotação saudável ou patológica dependendo do contexto a partir do qual é avaliado. Por fim, concluiu também que a hipnose pode ser um valioso instrumento clínico que merece ser reintegrado à psicologia. Palavras-Chave: Dissociação, Saúde Mental, Hipnose, História da Psicologia, Cultura. 8 Abstract SILVA FILHO, Percilio Araujo da. The construction of the concept of dissociation and its relevance to psychology. Dissertation (Master’s Degree). Instituto de Psicologia. Universidade de São Paulo, p. 127. Dissociate refers to splitting or disintegrating, terms that in the field of mental health usually refer to disease and pathology, hardly to health. The objective of this work was to show how the conception of dissociation was socially constructed through mechanisms of the mind (the association and the disintegration of its elements) that have remained common denominators throughout the history of mental health through practices such as shamanism, exorcism, animal magnetism and hypnosis. Finally, in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, medicine and newborn psychology drew on dissociation to study phenomena such as multiple personalities, hysteria, and even religious experience, so that pioneering scholars such as William James, Pierre Janet, Alfred Binet, Frederic Myers, Morton Prince and others, integrated many (or all) of these principles into their own theoretical proposals and influenced all psychology by conceptualizing that the mind was divided into conscious or unconscious, levels and compartments that could be both spun-off and disaggregated as united and connected. The method used in the research was the bibliographical review and the analysis was carried out from the critical perspective of social psychology. This tradition of psychological thinking, whose basis is dissociative (as a process) and hypnotic (as an instrument) was obnubilated throughout the twentieth century with the emergence of new proposals, such as behaviorism and psychoanalysis, and also with the pathologization to which the dissociative phenomenon was exposed throughout the 20th century. The present study concluded that the study of dissociation is relevant for psychology in both its historical and current aspects, since it is a psychological phenomenon present in several theories, normal in itself, but which can acquire a healthy or pathological connotation depending on the context from which it is evaluated. Finally, he concluded that hypnosis can be a valuable clinical tool that deserves to be reintegrated into psychology. Keywords: Dissociation, Mental Health, Hypnosis, History of Psychology, Culture. 9 Lista de Figuras Figura 1: Modelo gráfico para o continuum dissociativo 10 Sumário 1. Apresentação ......................................................................................... 11 1.1. Trajetória Pessoal ........................................................................... 11 1.2. Objetivo e Método ........................................................................
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