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Tutkimusraportti 201 2013 GEOLOGIAN TUTKIMUSKESKUS Tutkimusraportti 201 2013 Pääkaupunkiseudun maaperän taustapitoisuudet Summary: Geochemical Baselines in the Helsinki Metropolitan Area Timo Tarvainen, Tarja Hatakka, Antti Salla, Jaana Jarva, Paula Pitkäranta, Harri Anttila ja Leena Maidell-Münster GEOLOGIAN TUTKIMUSKESKUS GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF FINLAND Tutkimusraportti 201 Report of Investigation 201 Timo Tarvainen1, Tarja Hatakka1, Antti Salla2, Jaana Jarva1, Paula Pitkäranta3, Harri Anttila4 ja Leena Maidell-Münster3 Pääkaupunkiseudun maaperän taustapitoisuudet Summary: Geochemical Baselines in the Helsinki Metropolitan Area Geologian tutkimuskeskus1 Helsingin kaupungin ympäristökeskus2 Vantaan kaupungin ympäristökeskus3 Espoon kaupungin ympäristökeskus4 Ne kuvat, joissa ei mainita tekijää, ovat julkaisun kirjoittajien tekemiä. Kansikuva: Malminkartanon täyttömäki, Helsinki. Kuva: Timo Tarvainen, GTK Front cover: Malminkartano hill (man-made ground). Photo: Timo Tarvainen, GTK ISBN 978-952-217-251-8 (nid.) ISBN 978-952-217-252-5 (PDF) ISSN 0781-4240 Taitto: Elvi Turtiainen Oy Painopaikka: Tammerprint Oy Espoo 2013 Tarvainen, T., Hatakka, T., Salla, A., Jarva, J., Pitkäranta, P., Anttila, H. & Maidell-Münster, L. 2013. Pääkaupunkiseudun maaperän taustapitoisuudet. Summary: Geochemical Baselines in the Helsinki Metropolitan Area. Geological Survey of Finland, Report of Investigation 201, 91 pages, 28 figures, 54 tables and 4 appendices. This report summarizes the results of seven soil geochemical baseline mapping projects carried out in the Helsinki Metropolitan Area by the cities of Helsinki, Espoo and Vantaa and the Geological Survey of Finland during 1996–2011. Samples were taken of humus and minerogenic soils from natural soils around urban centres, within urban areas and from man-made ground. In most cases, the analysis of mineral soil and humus samples was based on aqua regia extraction and concen- trated nitric acid extraction, respectively. Concentrations of PAH and PCB compounds as well as PCDD/F compounds were determined from a limited number of samples. The upper recommended limits of baseline variation (SSTP) are calculated for selected urban soil types. The Helsinki Metropolitan Area belongs to the South Finland arsenic province, charac- terized by relatively high natural arsenic concentrations in soils. The upper recommended limit of baseline variation for arsenic exceeds the national threshold value (Decree 214/2007) both in urban soils and in natural soils in the Helsinki Metropolitan Area. In addition to arsenic, baseline concentrations of Hg, Pb and Zn exceed the threshold values in some urban soils in the Hel- sinki Metropolitan Area. The upper recommended limits of baseline variation in Co, Cr, Ni and V exceed the threshold values in natural clay soils. The upper recommended limits of Pb and Sb exceed the threshold values in humus. Keywords (GeoRef Thesaurus, AGI): environmental geology, geochemical surveys, baseline studies, soils, humus, chemical elements, arsenic, heavy metals, background level, Helsinki, Espoo, Vantaa, Finland Timo Tarvainen, Tarja Hatakka, Jaana Jarva Geological Survey of Finland P.O. Box 96 FI-02151 ESPOO Finland Antti Salla Environment Centre P.O. Box 500 FI-00099 CITY OF HELSINKI Paula Pitkäranta, Leena Maidell-Münster City of Vantaa / Environment Centre Pakkalankuja 5 FI-01510 VANTAA Harri Anttila Environment Centre P.O.Box 44 FI-02070 CITY OF ESPOO E-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Tarvainen, T., Hatakka, T., Salla, A., Jarva, J., Pitkäranta, P., Anttila, H. & Maidell-Münster, L. 2013. Pääkaupunkiseudun maaperän taustapitoisuudet. Summary: Geochemical Baselines in the Helsinki Metropolitan Area. Geologian tutkimuskeskus, Tutkimusraportti 201, 91 sivua, 28 kuvaa, 54 taulukkoa ja 4 liitettä. Geologian tutkimuskeskus (GTK) sekä Helsingin, Espoon ja Vantaan kaupungit ovat tehneet yh- teensä seitsemän maaperän taustapitoisuuskartoitusta pääkaupunkiseudulla vuosina 1996–2011. Näytteitä on otettu humuksesta ja mineraalimaasta taajamien ulkopuolelta, taajamien luonnon- mailta sekä täyttömailta. Humuksen alkuainepitoisuudet on määritetty pääosin väkevästä typpi- happouuttosta ja mineraalimaiden alkuainepitoisuudet kuningasvesiuutosta. Lisäksi PAH-, PCB- ja PCDD/F-yhdisteiden pitoisuuksia on määritetty muutamista näytteistä. Taustapitoisuuskartoituksien perusteella joillekin taajamien maalajeille on laskettu suurimmat suositellut taustapitoisuusarvot. Pääkaupunkiseutu kuuluu Etelä-Suomen arseeniprovinssiin, jolle on tyypillistä keskimääräistä suuremmat luontaiset arseenipitoisuudet. Arseenin lisäksi elo- hopean, lyijyn ja sinkin suurimmat suositellut taustapitoisuudet ovat paikoin suurempia kuin PIMA-asetuksen (214/2007) kynnysarvot taajamien puistoissa ja täyttömailla. Taajamien ulko- puolella koboltin, kromin, nikkelin ja vanadiinin suurimmat suositellut taustapitoisuudet ovat kynnysarvoa suurempia savikoilla. Humuksessa lyijyn ja antimonin suurimmat suoritellut tausta- pitoisuusarvot ovat kynnysarvoa suuremmat. Asiasanat (Geosanasto, GTK): ympäristögeologia, geokemialliset tutkimukset, perustilan kartoi- tus, maaperä, humus, alkuaineet, arseeni, raskasmetallit, taustapitoisuus, Helsinki, Espoo, Vantaa, Suomi Timo Tarvainen, Tarja Hatakka, Jaana Jarva Geologian tutkimuskeskus PL 96 02151 ESPOO Antti Salla Helsingin kaupungin ympäristökeskus PL 500 00099 Helsingin kaupunki Paula Pitkäranta, Leena Maidell-Münster Vantaan kaupungin ympäristökeskus Pakkalankuja 5 01510 Vantaa Harri Anttila Ympäristökeskus PL 44 02070 ESPOON KAUPUNKI E-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Geologian tutkimuskeskus, Tutkimusraportti 201 – Geological Survey of Finland, Report of Investigation 201, 2013 Timo Tarvainen, Tarja Hatakka, Antti Salla, Jaana Jarva, Paula Pitkäranta, Harri Anttila ja Leena Maidell-Münster SISÄLLYSLUETTELO – CONTENTS 1 Johdanto..............................................................................................................................................6 2 Tutkimusalue ...................................................................................................................................9 2.1 Kallioperä ............................................................................................................................................. 9 2.2 Maaperä .............................................................................................................................................. 10 2.3 Ihmisen toiminta .............................................................................................................................. 11 3 Valtakunnalliset geokemialliset tutkimukset ...................................................11 4 SUURIN suositeltu taustapitoisuus .................................................................................12 5 Espoon maaperän taustapitoisuudet ...........................................................................13 5.1 Johdanto ............................................................................................................................................ 13 5.2 Materiaalit ja menetelmät ............................................................................................................... 14 5.2.1 Näytteenotto ...........................................................................................................................14 5.2.2 Esikäsittely ja analytiikka .....................................................................................................17 5.2.3 Laadunvarmistus ja tilastolliset menetelmät......................................................................17 5.3 Espoon maaperän taustapitoisuustutkimuksen tulokset ja tulosten tarkastelu ...................... 18 5.3.1 Alkuaineiden pitoisuudet humuksessa ...............................................................................18 5.3.2 Alkuaineiden pitoisuudet Espoon maaperässä taajamien ulkopuolella .........................18 5.3.3 Alkuaineiden pitoisuudet Espoon taajamien maaperässä ...............................................26 5.3.4 PCB- ja PAH-pitoisuudet Espoon taajamien maaperässä ...............................................30 6 Helsingin maaperän taustapitoisuudet .....................................................................31 6.1 Johdanto ............................................................................................................................................ 31 6.2 Materiaalit ja menetelmät ............................................................................................................... 32 6.2.1 Näytteenottopaikat, näytetyypit ja näytemäärät ................................................................32 6.2.2 Näytteenottopaikkojen valinta ja näytteenotto..................................................................32 6.2.3 Analytiikka ..............................................................................................................................35 6.3 Helsingin maaperän taustapitoisuustutkimuksen tulokset ja pohdinta ................................... 35 6.3.1 Tulosten käsittely ...................................................................................................................35 6.3.2 Luonnonmaiden maaperän taustapitoisuudet Helsingissä ..............................................35 6.3.3 Puistojen maaperän taustapitoisuudet
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