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A Case Study of Ghotki, Sindh, Pakistan

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A Case Study of Ghotki, Sindh, Pakistan International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) |Volume III, Issue IV, April 2019|ISSN 2454-6186 Analysis of Socio-Economic Problems Affecting Women in Agriculture: A Case Study of Ghotki, Sindh, Pakistan Abdul Jaleel Mirjat1, Bahadur Ali Soomro2*, Shahnawaz Mangi3 1PhD Scholar, Department of Sociology, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Pakistan 2Visiting Faculty and Research Fellow, Area Study Centre, Far East and Southeast Asia, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Pakistan 3PhD Research Scholar, Area Study Centre, Far East and Southeast Asia, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Paksitan *Corresponding author Abstract: - In the present era, agrarian women are confronting dominant factor in a society that is why they cannot be with big socio-economic problems. Particularly, in the field of appreciated despite much more production and contribution in agriculture, women have severe issues concerning socio-economic the agricultural field. conditions. Taking into consideration, the present study is attempted to investigate the socio-economic problems which are Moreover, there lack the official statistical figures faced by the women in the agriculture sector in Ghotki District of regarding the actual data of women’s participation and Sindh, Pakistan. We employed a survey questionnaire to get the contribution as well the role in agricultural fields for the responses from the agrarian women randomly. In total 225 valid development of the country. Nevertheless, women have a vital cases have proceeded for the final analysis. By applying the role in the development of the state but marginalized in contingency table method, the study found the agricultural fieldwork likewise other sectors in the country. Broadly, women are facing the big socio-economic problems such as bad behaviour of the landowner, the problem of getting wages in Pakistani society is recognized as an agrarian society and time, and the problem of harsh conditions of the weather. They struggling to maintain the status and stand in the row of the revealed that the hardship of work becomes responsible for their developed world nations. Further, the constructive objectives illness and health problems. Males are earning more money than as developed for the research study. Women’s development is females despite the same work. Finally, the women also highly considered an essential factor for national progressive underlined that they are not independent of consuming the strategies in all societies of the social world. Generally, there amount which they obtained from agriculture in the shape of is poverty-stricken women of rural families and work along wages. The study may be valuable to know the challenges and with men to generate more revenue for the survival of problems that are frequently faced by the agrarian women of the families. Thus, these women traditionally share men’s job for rural areas of Ghotki or Sindh. The investigation may enrich and further validates the issues that have raised by the present study. the requirement of economic needs for survival facts in a society.Moreover, rural women found as economically active Keywords: Socio-economic problems, Women, Agriculture, in field work but consigned systematically. Similarly, the Ghotki research study aims to discuss the role of women for the socio-economic development of Ghotiki District. I. INTRODUCTION Further, it would assist to know the participation and indh is an agricultural rich province in Pakistan whereas contribution of women in harvesting task, cotton picking work S agriculture stated as the primary survival economic source and animal rearing and breeding task. Hence, the critical of people of Sindh. Meanwhile, Ghotki district of Sindh research questions communicated for responses from the contributed much more in the agricultural field as compared to respondent’s families regarding the economic condition. The other areas of Sindh. Thus the development of the nation specific parts of issues focus on participation and contribution depends on agricultural strategies in the province. Hence, of women; revenue generation, and family’s role in agrarian agricultural production can be boosted up by the introduction tasks, and other problems as faced by women in agricultural of the advanced technology in agricultural set up in the labour. This study supports to assess the role and contribution district. Thus, such the advanced apparatus and tools along of women in the agricultural setting of the district. with the application of new strategies and trends that assist in developing a significant growth rate in the country (Kwa, II. LITERATURE REVIEW 2001). However, women have participated and contributed for productive purposive in the agricultural sector; they are less In Sindh, the majority of women are confronted with the many paid for such a great worth in agrarian setting. Parting with social economic barriers and challenges in the province. Thus, this, these women are discriminated because of a male – these social and economic factors have been recognized as www.rsisinternational.org Page 229 International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) |Volume III, Issue IV, April 2019|ISSN 2454-6186 significant challenges for women in society (Raynolds, 1998). society. Gender discrimination and inequality affect the For such the reasons and conflict situation; women initiate to participation of women in agricultural environ and resulting in work so that they properly rear their children and run their less production and developing other social problems. Equal family system. Thus, women attentively earn for children and distribution of work; equal wages for women; women access families, therefore, and live a better social life among other to technical assistance and the market that may encourage the members of the society. Women allot more time for economic conditions of women in society. The practice of production than men. At the same time, and take care of discrimination and inequality in Pakistani society found as the children and home Carpenter (2000). Thus, women are known leading social issue in this country. as the greatest cultivator than a male counterpart. These Moreover, women are treated as the second sex women remained more much sincere and committed to their partner and less paid figure of society; they are kept at their jobs than male figures of rural society. They work like respective homes. Other women who work in a community; machinery and the rented figures in the agricultural field. they are respected more as compared to non-working women. Irrespective to this, the majority of women take the Besides this, these women cannot give the time and care for overburdens and responsibilities of their families in society their families, and their nature becomes rigid due to long hour rather than working agrarian work in rural regions. Thus, working situation (Ferdoos, 2006). Women perform multi- these women rear children and kept away from farming work. tasking like harvesting, taking care of livestock; helping Besides this, they perform other tasks including crop cutting husband in agrarian work; drying, cleaning and storing grains; picking and storing; weeding, and planting (Kongolo and and maintaining home. Further, the technical guidance and Bamgose, 2002). support can reduce such burden of women in society (Sidhu, Further, women discrimination develops hindrance 2007). and discouragement for women in society. Hence, the III. AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY patriarchal domain affected society which cannot permit women to work with men in a community (Prakash, 2003). The study aims to investigate the problems which are faced by The female labour force is as efficient as the male population. agrarian women of Ghotki, District in the agriculture sector. In both countries, Indian and Pakistan are similar socio- Based on this aim, we proposed the following specific economic cultures (Zaheeret al., 2014). According to Diiroet objective for observation of the phenomenon of the problems. al. (2018), female- and male-managed plots experience . To investigate the problems faced by them while substantial improvements in productivity when the women who incline them are empowered. doing farm activities . To highlight the type of problems faced by women in Further, women’s empowerment contributes not only agriculture improving, specifically, productivity from farms managed by . To examine the effect of work in agriculture on their women but also reducing the gender gap in agricultural health productivity. Agriculture is carried out by labour . To observe that the women independency to contributions from men and women in a collaborative manner. consume their income Quantifying the share of food produced by women involves . To explore the wage differentials between male and making random assumptions regarding their role in various female laborer places which may not be true in universal context (Doss, IV. METHODS 2014). Aggrawal (2003) claimed that woman contribute much more in agricultural production that has been generally The research study was conducted in the Ghotki, District of acknowledged. Similarly, the study of Kelkar (2011) Sindh, Pakistan. The aim of the study was set out to underlined that agrarian extension and information on new investigate the female labour force participation in the technologies are almost exclusively directed to men, even agricultural sector. This is a cross-sectional study in which when women are increasingly responsible for farm work.
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