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An Investigation Into the Lived Experiences of Peace Corps Volunteers

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An Investigation Into the Lived Experiences of Peace Corps Volunteers INDIVIDUALISM IN ACTION: AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE LIVED EXPERIENCES OF PEACE CORPS VOLUNTEERS by LEITH L. LOMBAS M.A., University of Central Florida, 2004 B.A., University of Louisiana-Lafayette, 1998 A thesis submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Colorado in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Sociology 2011 This thesis entitled: INDIVIDUALISM IN ACTION: AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE LIVED EXPERIENCES OF PEACE CORPS VOLUNTEERS Written by Leith L. Lombas has been approved for the Department of Sociology ________________________________ Janet Jacobs, Ph.D. Chair, Dissertation Committee _________________________________ Leslie Irvine, Ph.D. Member, Dissertation Committee _________________________________ Sara Steen, Ph.D. Member, Dissertation Committee ________________________________ Joyce Nielsen, Ph.D. Member, Dissertation Committee _______________________________ Kira Hall, Ph.D. Member, Dissertation Committee Date:________________ The final copy of this thesis has been examined by the signatories, and we find that both the content and the form meet acceptable presentation standards of scholarly work in the above mentioned discipline. IRB protocol #: 0808.14 Leith Lombas, Ph.D. Sociology INDIVIDUALISM IN ACTION: AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE LIVED EXPERIENCES OF PEACE CORPS VOLUNTEERS Thesis directed by Professor Janet Jacobs Over the last 50 years, the United States Peace Corps has remained a symbol of the democratic ideals and humanitarianism core to U.S. citizen’s collective identity. Peace Corps volunteers offer the people of the United States and the larger world a vision of hope and justice. In this dissertation, I unpack these nationalistic and benevolent discourses through exploring returned volunteers’ reflections on their service with the Peace Corps. I problematize the notion that altruism is central to their commitment to living and working among the poorest of the poor around the world. I call for an understanding of how Peace Corps volunteers’ success in managing the cross-cultural experience and working to improve life in their respective communities necessitates an individualistic approach to their mission. I posit that this allows volunteers to have the requisite emotional distance from the organization to critically consider their unique position in the field of international development. Further, I describe what volunteers thought about the Peace Corps and its effectiveness as a means of addressing world poverty. Lastly, I contextualize volunteer insights about the Peace Corps with respect to the current global political climate. iii For my families Acknowledgments This project would not have been completed, much less started (and continually restarted), without the support of numerous people. I first want to thank my committee members. Their shared dedication to this project made it possible. I want to thank Janet Jacobs, my dissertation chair, for her unwavering intellectual and emotional guidance throughout this experience. Leslie Irvine’s enthusiasm, support, and insights renewed my dedication during times when it waned. Sara Steen has been an anchor for my entire graduate school experience and this project. Joyce Nielsen provided a unique perspective to the work; her queries and humor reminded me that this project would eventually end and I could get on with my life. Kira Hall was very generous with her contributions to this project. I also want to thank my friends. DeAnn, Sarah, and Wilmer introduced me to the discipline of sociology. In some sense, they were the first people to ever speak to me. I am glad that they continue to keep me in their lives. I thank Laura for so many things. We almost never talked about the dissertation; this has been a true gift. I am grateful for Courtney, Kat, and Matt for, well, so many things. Their intellect, courage, and community have profoundly impacted me. They have taught me that desirably scandalous thinking is necessary to make the world a better place. Colter, Kris, and Lovegrove have been great friends, fellow sports junkies, and intellectual companions. I want to thank Emmanuel for our amazing talks, and for our bike rides. I also want to thank Anjie for v being so generous to me during the short time she was at CU. I appreciate the support of other friends who have inspired and encouraged me: Nick, Dawn, Johnny, Carrie, Scott, Adam, Ali, Garrett, Adam, Nathan, Nnenia, Eric, Stef, Tamara, Zach, Mary, Bryce, Bill, Jackie, Kim, Will, Casey, Isaac, Katie, Glendi, David, and Jae. I want to thank my bus crush and the guy who always says to “travel light” as he leaves the bus. I am deeply grateful for my parents and siblings. I want to thank my Dad for teaching me the importance of standing up for what you feel is right. I thank my Mom for showing me so much support, patience, and kindness. Both regularly reminded me that I could do whatever I wanted in life, and I knew they meant it. I am grateful for my siblings, Lynne and Lane, for making me laugh and continuing our friendships into adulthood despite the distance. Lastly, I want to thank my participants. Not only did they offer a most precious gift, their time, they made me feel as though this project was important. All were thoughtful and open. Each shared moving stories about their work with the Peace Corps. I am indebted to them for their candor and engagement during our conversations. vi TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION A. The emergence of the Peace Corps .....................................................................1 1. The Cold War .........................................................................................1 2. Decolonization.........................................................................................2 3. The discovery of world poverty................................................................4 4. The United States’ call to liberate the poor ..............................................5 5. President Kennedy ..................................................................................7 6. Dissent ....................................................................................................9 B. Research on Peace Corps volunteers ................................................................ 11 C. Theoretical frameworks ................................................................................... 12 1. Critical development studies ................................................................. 12 2. Post-development studies and the U.S. Peace Corps .............................. 14 II. FEMINIST METHODOLOGY, METHODS, AND THE STUDY POPULATION A. Feminist methodology and critical development studies ................................... 17 B. Project development, qualitative research methods, and the Recruitment of participants .............................................................................. 21 C. Data collection and “managing” the research process ....................................... 26 III. “LIFE IS CALLING, HOW FAR ARE YOU WILLING TO GO?”: THE SOCIAL CONTEXT AND MOTIVATIONS FOR JOINING THE PEACE CORPS A. Introduction ..................................................................................................... 29 B. Who are Peace Corps volunteers? .................................................................... 32 C. The Peace Corps as an escape from middle-class ennui .................................... 35 1. Altruism................................................................................................. 35 2. Restlessness signified by traditional middle-class jobs ........................... 39 3. Moratorium period................................................................................. 44 4. Travel.................................................................................................... 49 5. Personal growth..................................................................................... 52 D. Discussion of findings ..................................................................................... 56 vii IV. “NOW THAT YOU HAVE A DEGREE, GET AN EDUCATION”: LIVING IN THE GLOBAL SOUTH A. Introduction ..................................................................................................... 64 B. Becoming a Peace Corps volunteer: training .................................................... 66 C. Life in the local community ............................................................................. 70 1. Asceticism............................................................................................. 70 2. Immersion ............................................................................................. 75 a. Beginning the acculturation process............................................ 76 b. Alienation................................................................................... 78 c. Community acceptance and rejecting the Peace Corps bureaucracy...................................................... 80 3. The call to act and the super volunteer .................................................. 85 D. Discussion of findings ..................................................................................... 91 V. “THE TOUGHEST JOB YOU’LL EVER LOVE”: THE LIVED EXPERIENCES OF PEACE CORPS WORKERS A. Introduction ................................................................................................... 103 B. Living the Peace Corps dream........................................................................
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