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of Tears National Historic Trail

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Revist, Rewind, Rediscover Red Clay in by Jane Switzer, Red Clay State Historic Area and tours. The park is also renovating parts of the James F. Corn Interpretive Center Previous visitors to the council with the assistance of Dr. Carroll Van West, grounds at Red Clay State Historic Park Tennessee State historian and professor at may not recognize the upgraded and Middle Tennessee State University. New rejuvenated face of Red Clay. With last exhibits and reorganization will occur year’s Tri-Council resolution to support as a result of this partnership with the Red Clay’s Cherokee Heritage Festival and Bradley County Chamber of Commerce to make it a truly authentic event, the park Vice President Melissa Woody and Dr. Van has been rejuvenated and now features West. There are numerous projects and more quality Cherokee activities that renovations happening every week at Red accurately portray the Cherokee people’s Clay with the help of local partners and customs, lifestyle, and beliefs. For example, generous donors. Red Clay looks forward on April 18, 2015, from 9:00 a.m. EST to to updating you on the progress and hopes 3:00 p.m. EST, the park will be off ering the you’ll be there to see all the improvements! 2nd Annual Cherokee Lecture Symposium. This event will feature scholars such as Dr. The park is also proud to announce the Anne Rogers, Professor at historic gathering of the three federally Western Carolina University and a national recognized Cherokee Tribes meeting at Red director of Association; Lamar Clay for the fi rst time since removal. This Marshall, cultural heritage director of Wild Tri-Council meeting will be enormously South-Cowee, and Anita Finger-Smith of photo courtesy of Red Clay State Park signifi cant, and the park is honored to play Cherokee artist John Grant recently carved masks Cherokee Genealogy Services. During the of the seven clans of the Cherokee into seven a part in Cherokee history. Dates have been summer, Red Clay will also continue the remaining stumps of a centuries-old tree that grew tentatively scheduled for late July 2015. Staff along the wooded edge of Red Clay State Park. annual Cherokee concert series that will (top: John Grant beginning the carving process; will keep you posted as more information is feature Cherokee artists with original and bottom: the finished work of art) confi rmed about this historic event. traditional music. Dates and artists will Other events and projects will be announced be announced on Red Clay State Historic the Bradley County Chamber of Commerce, via the park’s Facebook page and through Park’s Facebook page prior to the concerts. Rick and Ramona Bird of Cherokee, North Red Clay’s website. Please feel free to call Carolina, and the Friends of Red Clay, The seven clan mask carving by John Grant the park visitor center with any questions or the project was completed and remains a of Cherokee, , is completed comments. All suggestions and feedback are highlight of every guest’s visit. and is a wonderful example of the local welcome. community partnership with Red Clay. The Red Clay is improving at a rapid pace. The basis for the project occurred when the council house replica benches were in large tree was struck by lighting and had to need of replacement and the timbers were INSIDE THIS ISSUE be removed. In conjunction with the artist, donated by Shane Bickford of Bledsoe • TOTA Chapter News...... Page.... 2-4 Red Clay Park Manager Erin Medley came County from his family sawmill. Visitors • TOTA Conference Info...... Page..... 5 up with the idea for the carving since the will be happy to know that there are now tree had seven protruding stumps from the seven benches in place of the six that were • Shelley Andrews Obituary...... Page.... 6 base. After securing community and grant removed. The new tulip poplar benches • PNTS Conference...... Page...... 6 support from Tennessee Arts Commission, are installed and ready for park programs

Newsletter of the Trail of Tears National Historic Trail Partnership • March 2015 – Number 24 Trail of Tears Association State Chapter News

TENNESSEE TENNESSEE (continued) (continued)

Tennessee chapter members and at work drafting new exhibit panels on the three trunks, and they are in high demand by partnership organizations from across the Trail of Tears for The Heritage Center of teachers, so more are needed. state have been hard at work to promote Murfreesboro and Rutherford County and and interpret the Trail of Tears National Red Clay State Historic Park. Dr. Reidy and Jeff Stancil, a retired ranger Historic Trail. On November 1, 2014, four from the Vann House, are working towards new wayside exhibits were unveiled along signing the Federal Road county by county the 2.5-mile Trail of Tears retracement trail GEORGIA as part of the Trail of Tears. They hope to do in David Crockett State Park. Tennessee this with the assistance of local governments chapter members Doris Trevino and The Georgia chapter seems to always be and the local transportation department. Vicky Garland shared their research and in high gear. Chapter and board members knowledge to assist in creating the new are fortunate to have so many wonderful Chapter secretary Linda Baker is working waysides, which were written by Amy and dedicated volunteers to help their diligently with the Cherokee County Kostine of the Middle Tennessee State president with all the work of the chapter. Historical Society in Canton towards getting University Center for Historic Preservation Leslie Barker Thomas took over as president signage for Fort Buffi ngton. The archaeology (CHP) and designed by Coreen Donnelly after Jeff Bishop received an off er he could work has been completed, and now it is a of National Intermountain Region not refuse to be the director of museums matter of getting permission for the signs (NTIR). They discuss the Bell detachment’s for Newnan- County, Georgia. and determining sign placement. journey through Lawrenceburg and Congratulations Jeff ! David Crockett’s opposition to the Indian The chapter is reviving its certifi cation Removal Act. The trail development and The chapter has a written, permanent eff orts for removal sites in the state and hope the waysides were made possible by an agreement with the Bandy Heritage Center to have at least three more within the next Active Trails grant from the National Park on the campus of Dalton State University six months. Foundation. in Dalton, Georgia, for archival space. The chapter out grew its space for storage at the Well into his eighties, chapter member Bill facility library and, with the Barker is a task force all by himself. He and help of Jeff Bishop, was able to negotiate Jeff Bishop worked hard to get three sites space at the Bandy Center for storage of certifi ed in Chattooga County: Island Town, the chapter’s historical research materials. Chattooga Town, and Dirt Town. Dirt Town Soon these records will be completely seems to be the hold up in completing the digitized and available to search on the wayside exhibits, but the chapter hopes Bandy Heritage Center’s website. These to have good news soon on these. Bill also will include many records from the late recently found a pre-removal cabin near Reverend Charles O. Walker’s research on Armuchee Creek. North Georgia’s that never made it into his books. (The book Images, the fi rst The biggest task facing us currently is photo courtesy of Carlos Wilson in the series of Reverend Walker’s known as preplanning for the 2016 conference to be Tennessee chapter member Carlos Wilson stands Footprints of the Cherokees, is now available held in Dalton, Georgia. The chapter has by an original route sign along the Trail of Tears National Historic Trail. on Amazon.com.) already met with the chamber of commerce, the local conference center, and the tourism Chapter board members have attempted to The CHP continues to make interpretation director for northeast Georgia. The chapter update the chapter website at gatrailoftears. and preservation of the Trail of Tears a is checking out new and diff erent venues com, and they have found themselves using top priority. It has completed a draft of a to visit for field trips and a list of potential Facebook and sending out email updates booklet entitled, “Restoration Guide for speakers. more. The weekly email news is now being Historic Log Houses on the Trail of Tears sent by chapter member Walter J. Knapp National Historic Trail,” in partnership who teaches history part-time at North with NTIR. Scheduled to be printed in NORTH CAROLINA Georgia College in Dahlonega. Spring 2015, the booklet offers advice and The North Carolina chapter meeting solutions regarding the restoration and Myra Reidy, Ph.D., is currently working was held at the Cowee Historic School in preservation of historic log structures by on creating more traveling trunks for the Murphy in November 2014. The chapter addressing common problems faced by school systems to use to teach the second was honored to have several guests attend, homeowners. In addition, undergraduate and third graders about the Trail of Tears. including DeLanna Studi, whom we and graduate students at the CHP are hard Donna Myers, Ph.D., put together the fi rst gave a letter of support for a community

2 Trail of Tears National Historic Trail News • March 2015 Trail of Tears Association State Chapter News

NORTH CAROLINA (continued) NORTH CAROLINA (continued) NORTH CAROLINA (continued) engagement and theatre creation project Cowee was rebuilt each time and continued a conservation easement to protect it from with the Trail of Tears as one of her focal to be occupied by the Cherokee until the development and then sold to the Eastern points. The Kenan Institute for the Arts at 1819 treaty relinquished Cherokee lands east Band of Cherokee Indians. The chapter UNC-School of the Arts will sponsor the of the Nantahala Mountains. Cherokee who felt privileged and humbled to stand atop project. Jim Kautz from the Bartram Trail wished to become citizens of the United the mound and learn about its history and Conference also attended. Program speaker States could request a 640-acre “reserve” Cherokee culture. Tyler Howe, Eastern Band of Cherokee and continue living at the old home sites. Indians’ cultural resource offi cer, spoke The chapter’s new offi cers and directors on the Cowee Mound site and the town’s Euchella’s reserve included the Cowee took the helm in January. These include importance in Cherokee history. Tom Belt Town mound site. Joseph Welch bought Sue Abram, president; Alan Keith, vice and Lamar Marshall led a tour to the mound 299 acres of Euchella’s reserve in the land president; Mary Wachacha, secretary; and following the talk, where attendees learned sales of 1821. The reserve lands should not Anita Finger-Smith, who continues to serve more about the important site located have been off ered for sale at the land sales within the Little Valley in of 1821, which led to disputes. Court battles the northern section of what is now Macon resulted with Euchella v. Welch being the County. The village site has an earthen lead case. The North Carolina Supreme mound and was a major Middle Cherokee Court ruled in favor of the Cherokee but to town site, located on both sides of the Little prevent further viole nce the State of North Tennessee River. visited the Carolina agreed to purchase the Cherokee town in 1775 and noted about 100 houses lands and the Cherokee moved across with a townhouse on the mound. It was a the boundary onto Indian lands. Joseph center for trade between the Cherokee, the Welch sold land in the early 1830s to the British, and later the Americans. Hall Family. They became neighbors and Welch, as local magistrate, signed a petition Cowee Town was burned on multiple honoring Euchella as a good neighbor in an occasions but rebuilt each time. British attempt to keep Euchella from being forced troops led by James Grant destroyed the to remove to the West in the forced Indian town in 1761. North Carolina militia led by removal of 1838. Euchella was granted (L-R) Mary Wachacha, DeLanna Studi, and Lamar Griffi th Rutherford burned it in 1776, and immunity from removal after he helped the Marshall visit Cowee Mound at the November North Carolina chapter meeting. men from Tennessee burned it again in 1783. federal troops capture and his sons who were sought for the killing of federal soldiers. as the chapter’s treasurer. Anita is now a new national director, sitting beside past Soldiers at Fort Lindsay, located at the president Anne Rogers. Other newly elected confl uence of the Nantahala and Little chapter board members include Tom Belt, Tennessee Rivers, collected Cherokees from Carolyn Nohria, and Hartwell Francis. They the area along the state road connecting will join current board members Ginger the fort to Franklin, North Carolina. This Abernathy, Grace Hawkins, and Lamar road followed along the curves of the Little Marshall. TJ Holland remains the chapter Tennessee River and crossed the river at the liaison to the Eastern Band. ford at the old Cowee Town site. Cherokee who had once lived at Cowee Town would Dr. Carroll Van West and Amy Kostine have walked again through their old home of Middle Tennessee State University are sites as they were forced to leave the making plans to visit western North Carolina mountains for the new lands of . this spring to detail a heritage development plan for the historic Tatham cabin in Cowee Town site remained in the hands of Andrews. Recently, Jeanette Tatham West the Hall Family. Although the mound site provided an exciting update on the Tatham was farmed, it was never destroyed. In 2007, Homestead. She acquired the two structures the land trust for the , along with the property that they sat on a nonprofi t organization located in Franklin, and removed both. The Tatham homestead Tom Belt leads a tour of Cowee Mound at a North acquired the mound, which was placed into Carolina chapter meeting. Continued on next page

March 2015 • Trail of Tears National Historic Trail News 3 Trail of Tears Association State Chapter News

NORTH CAROLINA (continued) MISSOURI MISSOURI (continued) property now fronts Pisgah Road very near The sign dedication on the Hildebrand “I am here planting seeds,” Wood explained. Business 19 (Main Street through Andrews) Route in Ironton, Missiouri, took place “Maybe a student will water a seed and make and Road with an abundance of Tuesday, December 10, 2014, at the Iron it grow into a plant that will produce a better land that can support parking and grounds. County Courthouse courtroom. Arcadia tomorrow.” Wood encouraged the students Many locals are stopping and taking Valley High School students Anna Thomas, to volunteer and make a diff erence in their pictures — many of which never knew the Skyler Sanzotera, David Giff ord, and community. homestead existed. The family is excited to Kelli Sargent gave dramatic readings from work with the Trail of Tears Association in historical letters, documents, and notes Invited guests that gave short talks included its restoration. written at the time of the . the local U.S. Congressional delegation: Thomas Schulte represented Senator Roy The North Carolina chapter continues One of the young men read a segment from Blunt, Matt Williams represented Senator to work with the EBCI Remember the A Connecticut Yankee in Frontier Ozarks Claire C. McCaskill, and Donna Hickman Removal Riders for the 2015 June event. In written by Theodore Russell Pease, a book represented Representative Jason Smith. addition, the chapter has been in contact edited by James F. Keefe and Lynn Morrow From the Missouri House of Representatives with the folks at North Carolina Small (former Missouri State Archivist). Russell’s was Paul Fitzwater. State Senator Gary Town Economic Progress (NCSTEP). They writing records the visit of Peter Hildebrand Romine sent his well wishes as he had a prior invited the chapter to attend a meeting, and his detachment to the Upper Arcadia engagement and could not attend. and chapter members who attended left Valley where they camped alongside Knob with the hope that the two organizations Creek. The detachment left its campsite Mayors representing the Arcadia Valley can work together on a future project heading north around Shepard’s Mountain were Shelby J. Chan of Pilot Knob, Robert where Trail of Tears’ interpretation could and then west beside Profi t Mountain W.Lourwood of Ironton, and Roy Carr be established on their plans for a riverside of Arcadia. Each mayor gave a short talk walk in Murphy along the . along with Reynolds County Commissioner Eddie Williaims. Iron County marked The chapter applied for a development and dedicated fi ve miles of trail on three grant from the Blue Ridge National of its county roads starting with Shepard Heritage Area last fall and should hear the Mountain Road (103), 101, and 100 to the results sometime in February. If approved, west of Ironton. Williams encouraged the the chapter plans to match the funding in students to tell their friends not to tear down order to develop a website and companion the signs like has happened a few times in guide book to highlight North Carolina’s his county. Judge Randall Head made a brief important sites in the removal’s history and photo by Deloris Wood appearance at the end of the program. signifi cant sites where wayside exhibits are Original route signs were placed along the erected. Hildebrand Route in Missouri in December 2014. Event sponsors included Iron County, the Missouri chapter of the Trail of Tears Members Tom Belt and Dr. Francis to what is now Highway N just north of Association, chapter members Dr. Bill and Hartwell, faculty in the Cherokee Studies Johnson’s Shut-Ins State Park in Reynolds Becky Ambrose, and the National Park program at Western Carolina University, County. Service’s National Trails Intermountain recently were recognized for their Region (NTIR) of Santa Fe, New Mexico. contributions in a More than 40 students and staff from documentary that has been warmly Arcadia Valley High fi lled the back four NTIR Supterintendent Aaron Mahr stated received. benches of the courtroom. Elected county for the dedication program, “The community and city offi cials were scattered all around action of signing the Trail of Tears through Iron On a personal note, board members Ginger the courtroom. The students were assisted County may be small in its scope, but it’s large

Abernathy and Carmaleta Montieth are by drama teacher Jason Johnson and in its contribution to the American public. recovering well from their surgeries. Both history teacher Don Barzowski. More Through this effort we are helping Americans are valued members of the chapter, and the than a hundred people, including the reconcile with their complex past and build a chapter wishes them a speedy recovery! On students, fi lled the Iron County courtroom. better place for all our children.” a sad note, member John Stevens passed Both Barzowski, the retiring presiding away on December 31. He will be missed commissioner representing Iron County, by all. and Deloris Gray Wood, president of the Missouri chapter of TOTA, led the program.

4 Trail of Tears National Historic Trail News • March 2015 Vision Becoming Reality 20th Annual TOTA Using Partnerships to Develop Conference & Symposium the Trail of Tears National Historic Trail OctoberSave the 5 -Dates 8, 2015 Oct. 5th - 8th, 2015 In 1987, Congress acknowledged the Historic Road from Ross to Ridge’s, GA Trail of Tears State Park signifi cance of this tragic event in our Hiwassee River Heritage Center, TN DruryCape Lodge Girardeau,, Cape Girardeau Missouri MO nation’s history by establishing the Trail James Brown Cherokee Plantation, TN Reservations 800-325-0720 of Tears National Historic Trail. The Jentel Farm Trail Segment, IL Group rate cut off Sept. 14th, 2015 National Park Service administers the House, TN trail in cooperation with federal, state, John Ross House, GA All Guest rooms $89.99 plus tax and local agencies; the Junaluska Memorial and Museum, NC Rooms include free parking, and the Eastern Band of Cherokee Lake Dardanelle State Park, AR hot breakfast, hot food and cold Indians; interested groups; and La Petite Roche, AR drinks 5:30-7:00 p.m each evening. Laughlin Park, MO private landowners. Mantle Rock, KY See Facebook page for more info on Maramec Spring Park/Massey Iron Works, MO The Trail of Tears Association and the the Conf. as details are worked out. McGinnis Cemetery Trail Segment, IL National Park Service, National Trails Mount Nebo State Park, AR Intermountain Region, Santa Fe have Murrell Home, OK TOTA State Chapter Contacts been working with trail partners to Museum of the Cherokee Indian, NC increase visibility for the trail and to New Echota State Historic Site, GA develop it for visitor use. Old traces, Paducah Waterfront, KY Sharon Freeman historic buildings, and other resources Petit Jean State Park, AR Phone: 205-534-0670 are being preserved. Many sites have Pinnacle Mountain State Park, AR Email: [email protected] been certifi ed and numerous on-the- Port Royal State Park, TN ground projects have been completed, Radford Farm, KY Arkansas such as route signing, visitor-use Red Clay State Historic Area, TN John McLarty development, interpretive wayside Rockdale Plantation/George Adair Home, GA Phone: 479-751-7125 exhibits, and interior museum exhibits at Running Waters, Home, GA Email: [email protected] existing facilities. Birthplace Museum, TN Georgia Snelson-Brinker Cabin, MO Dola Davis Star City Ranch Trail Segment, MO Certifi ed Sites Phone: 706-864-3432 Tennessee River Museum, TN Andrew Ross House, AL Email: [email protected] Arcadia Valley Campground, MO Toler Farm Trail Segment, IL Audubon Acres, TN Trail of Tears Commemorative Park, KY Illinois Berry’s Ferry and John Berry Homesite, KY Trail of Tears State Park, MO Sandy Boaz Big Spring, KY Trail of Tears State Forest, IL Phone: 618-833-8216 Cemetery, TN Tuscumbia Landing, AL Email: [email protected] Browns Ferry Tavern, TN Vann Cherokee Cabin, GA Campground Cemetery, IL Vann House Historic Site, GA Kentucky Cedartown Cherokee Removal Camp, GA Village Creek State Park, AR Alice Murphree Chattanooga Regional History Museum,TN Wagner Farm Trail Segment, IL Phone: 270-886-5375 Cherokee County Historical Museum, NC Wayside Store and Bridges Tavern Site, IL Email: [email protected] , OK Waterloo Landing, AL / Home, GA Willstown Mission Cemetery, AL Missouri City of North Little Rock Riverfront Park, AR Deloris Gray Wood Columbus-Belmont State Park, KY Phone: 573-729-2545 Crabb-Abbot Farm, IL Email: [email protected] Crider Tavern Complex, KY Federal Protection Components and North Carolina David Crockett State Park Trail Segment, TN Interpretive Sites Anne Rogers Delta Cultural Center, AR Arkansas Post National Memorial, AR Phone: 828-227-2443 Fitzgerald Station and Farmstead, AR Cadron Settlement Park, AR Email: [email protected] Fort Gibson, OK Cherokee Memorial Park, , TN Fort Smith National Historic Site, AR Fort Payne Cabin Site, AL Oklahoma Great Smoky Mountains National Park, TN Funk Heritage Center, GA Curtis Rohr Mark Twain National Forest, MO Giles Co. Trail of Tears Interpretive Center, TN Phone: 918-341-4689 Mocassin Bend, TN Green County Trail Segments, MO Email: [email protected] Golconda Riverfront, IL Pea Ridge National Military Park, AR Gray’s Inn, KY Shawnee National Forest, MO Tennessee , TN Stones River National Battlefi eld, TN Wally Leary The Hermitage, TN Phone: 423-255-9936 Email: [email protected]

March 2015 • Trail of Tears National Historic Trail News 5 Friends of Executive Director Shelley Andrews Passes Away

Long-time friend of the Trail of Tears where she helped raise “funds and friends” Association, Shelley Andrews, died on for the establishment of an interpretive January 27, 2015. A resident of Signal center at this unique downtown national Mountain, she was 65 and had suff ered park unit. Her passion for this cause was from ovarian cancer since 2012. Shelley’s unbridled, and she established strategic, personality was eff ervescent, and she had lasting contacts and partnerships with the proverbial “gift of gab” that put people National Park Service offi cials, key at ease. Her passing leaves a profound American Indian tribal representatives, emotional void in the lives of all who knew and national leaders in land conservation her. and historic preservation. In addition to her professional assignments, Shelley was Shelley’s lively personality could light up any an enthusiastic volunteer with hospice room, and people responded immediately to providers, arts organizations, and national her engaging smile and infectious laugh. She parks support agencies. was a sympathetic listener and a remarkably brother-in-law, Bill Marcus of Woodland, engaged conversationalist. Shelley routinely Shelley is survived by her husband, Don CA; and several aunts, uncles, cousins, reached out to the ill, the troubled, the Andrews of Signal Mountain; parents, Tom nieces, and nephews. bereaved, and the lonely — at all age levels and Margie Bowman of Piedmont, CA; son, — with great compassion. She truly thought Christopher Andrews (and spouse Erinn) of A memorial service was held at St. Paul’s fi rst of people in need. Shelley’s dedication Menlo Park, CA; daughter, Megan Andrews Episcopal Church in Chattanooga on to social and community causes was (and partner Emily Rutherford) of Berkeley, February 14th. The family suggests that unwavering, and one always knew exactly CA; grandchildren, Isabelle Andrews memorial donations be made to Friends where she stood on issues dear to her heart. and Ashton Andrews of Menlo Park, CA; of Moccasin Bend, P. O Box 4953, brother, David Bowman (and spouse Gloria Chattanooga, TN 37405. Please visit www. From 2003 to 2014 Shelley was executive Miller) of Murphys, CA; brother James heritagefh.com to share words of comfort director of the Friends of Moccasin Bend, Bowman (and spouse Beth) of Alameda, CA; to the family.

TOTA Board Member Reflects on Experience at Biannual PNTS Conference by Deloris Gray Wood, Missouri chapter, TOTA In our trail adventures, we fi rst walked on A short movie was screened featuring local the Mormon Pioneer National Historic BLM interns Hannah Cowan, Michael Attending the Partnership for the National Trail and the California National Historic Knight, and Jared Lundquist who, in July Trails System (PNTS) 2014 National Trail, and viewed stops on the 2014, hiked across the Great Salt Lake Historic Trails Workshop, October 27- National Historic Trail. Walking on other Desert in Utah. They retraced 35 of the 90- 30, in Salt Lake City, Utah, I attended national historic trails very quickly can give mile segment that the ill-fated Donner Party four full days packed with programs, one the sense of the challenges that NTIR took in July 1846, crossing the waterless activities, and trail adventures. Three of encounters while working with all the trails. stretch of the Hastings Cutoff on the way to the evenings included some of the most There were mountains to the north on the California. Using the Hastings Cutoff , the luscious gourmet food served by the Mormon Pioneer Trail and to the south Donner-Reed Party became stranded in the Mormons. Each attendee seemed to enjoy was the Great Salt Lake on the California Sierra Nevada suff ering from starvation, networking while dining with other trail Trail, and on it you could see mirages off in deaths, and cannibalism. The short movie volunteers and government offi cials like the distance. It was so fl at that a mountain can be viewed on YouTube. the National Park Service (NPS), Bureau looked like it was fl oating, hence the name of Land Management (BLM), National the Floating Mountain. We, like the BLM interns, followed trail Highways, US Fish & Wildlife Service, and markers to stay on the path to make our mile USDA Forest Service, and retired offi cials A full day was spent visiting places along the trek as authentic as possible. The trail where like Jere Krakow, former superintendent of Hasting’s Cut-off on the California National we visited was on BLM land and its logo is the National Trails Intermountain Region Historic Trail to trace segments of the trail, also on the billboard. (NTIR) of the NPS. like the one the Donner-Reed Party walked Aaron Mahr and many NTIR Santa Fe and on their journey West. I was fortunate The workshops were led by Rob Sweeten, Salt Lake City employees were present for enough to ride with the local conference BLM, and Gary Werner, PNTS. All the the workshop. national historic trails associations except leaders who gave details along the way about two were represented at the workshop. the trail, sites, and tragedy along the trail.

6 Trail of Tears National Historic Trail News • March 2015 Trail of Tears Trail of Tears National Park Service National Historic Trail Association National Trails Intermountain Region, Santa Fe

Trail News is produced by the The Trail of Tears Association has The National Trails Intermountain partnership of the Trail of Tears entered into a cooperative agreement Region administers the Trail of Tears Association and the National Park with the National Park Service to NHT, the Santa Fe NHT, El Camino Service, National Trails Intermountain promote and engage in the protection Real de los Tejas NHT, and the Route Region, Santa Fe. and preservation of the Trail of Tears 66 Corridor Preservation Program. NHT resources; to promote awareness El Camino Real de Tierra Adentro Editor of the trail’s legacy, including the NHT and Old Spanish NHT are Lynne Mager effects of the U.S. Government’s administered jointly by the National Indian Removal Policy on the Cherokee Trails Intermountain Region and the Contributors and other tribes; and to perpetuate New Mexico State Offi ce of the Bureau Jane Switzer, Deloris Gray Wood, and the management and development of Land Management. These trail and TOTA state chapters. techniques that are consistent with the corridor programs are administered NPS trail plan. in partnership with American Indian Comments/Address Changes? tribes; federal, state, and local agencies; Contact: Troy Wayne Poteete Trail of Tears Association nongovernment organizations; and Trail of Tears Association 1100 North University, Suite 143 private landowners. 1100 N. University, Suite 143 Little Rock, Arkansas 72207 Little Rock, AR 72207-6344 National Trails Intermountain Region [email protected] Phone PO Box 728 Website 800-441-4513 Santa Fe, New Mexico 87504 www.nps.gov/trte 501-666-9032 Phone Email [email protected] 505-988-6098 Website Email www.NationalTOTA.org [email protected]

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March 2015 • Trail of Tears National Historic Trail News 7 Trail of Tears Association 1100 N. University, Suite 143 Little Rock, AR 72207-6344

The Trail of Tears Association would like to thank the following for their generous upgraded membership support:

Benefactors $1000 or more Cherokee Nation - $10,000

Patrons $500 - $999 Dorothy McNelr Horner - $500

Sponsors $100 - $499

H. Riley Bock – $250 Patricia Edgar – $125 Gilles Carter – $100 Billie Napolitano – $125 City of Waynesville, MO – $100 Rowena McClinton – $200 Maxwell Ramsey – $125 Debra Eskie – $100 Jack Gardner – $100 John Wible – $190 Elmer Hogue, Jr. – $100 Donna Lictenegger – $120 Daniel Littlefi eld – $100 Sarah Hill – $150 Charlotte McCloskey – $100 Gary Payne – $150 Jay Hannah – $110 Ansley Saville – $100 Paul Gary Phillips – $150 Bob Kimzey – $110 Robbin Skinner – $100 Richard Starbuck – $100 Lawrence Simmons – $130 Town of Coopertown, TN – $100