Nimbus-7 SMMR Pathfinder Brightness Temperatures
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TIROS 8 12/21/63 Delta-22 TIROS-H (A-53) 17B S National Aeronautics and TIROS 9 1/22/65 Delta-28 TIROS-I (A-54) 17A S Space Administration TIROS Operational 2TIROS 10 7/1/65 Delta-32 OT-1 17B S John F. Kennedy Space Center 2ESSA 1 2/3/66 Delta-36 OT-3 (TOS) 17A S Information Summaries 2 2 ESSA 2 2/28/66 Delta-37 OT-2 (TOS) 17B S 2ESSA 3 10/2/66 2Delta-41 TOS-A 1SLC-2E S PMS 031 (KSC) OSO (Orbiting Solar Observatories) Lunar and Planetary 2ESSA 4 1/26/67 2Delta-45 TOS-B 1SLC-2E S June 1999 OSO 1 3/7/62 Delta-8 OSO-A (S-16) 17A S 2ESSA 5 4/20/67 2Delta-48 TOS-C 1SLC-2E S OSO 2 2/3/65 Delta-29 OSO-B2 (S-17) 17B S Mission Launch Launch Payload Launch 2ESSA 6 11/10/67 2Delta-54 TOS-D 1SLC-2E S OSO 8/25/65 Delta-33 OSO-C 17B U Name Date Vehicle Code Pad Results 2ESSA 7 8/16/68 2Delta-58 TOS-E 1SLC-2E S OSO 3 3/8/67 Delta-46 OSO-E1 17A S 2ESSA 8 12/15/68 2Delta-62 TOS-F 1SLC-2E S OSO 4 10/18/67 Delta-53 OSO-D 17B S PIONEER (Lunar) 2ESSA 9 2/26/69 2Delta-67 TOS-G 17B S OSO 5 1/22/69 Delta-64 OSO-F 17B S Pioneer 1 10/11/58 Thor-Able-1 –– 17A U Major NASA 2 1 OSO 6/PAC 8/9/69 Delta-72 OSO-G/PAC 17A S Pioneer 2 11/8/58 Thor-Able-2 –– 17A U IMPROVED TIROS OPERATIONAL 2 1 OSO 7/TETR 3 9/29/71 Delta-85 OSO-H/TETR-D 17A S Pioneer 3 12/6/58 Juno II AM-11 –– 5 U 3ITOS 1/OSCAR 5 1/23/70 2Delta-76 1TIROS-M/OSCAR 1SLC-2W S 2 OSO 8 6/21/75 Delta-112 OSO-1 17B S Pioneer 4 3/3/59 Juno II AM-14 –– 5 S 3NOAA 1 12/11/70 2Delta-81 ITOS-A 1SLC-2W S Launches Pioneer 11/26/59 Atlas-Able-1 –– 14 U 3ITOS 10/21/71 2Delta-86 ITOS-B 1SLC-2E U OGO (Orbiting Geophysical -
Proceedings of the Nimbus Program Review
X-650-62-226 J, / N63 18601--N 63 18622 _,_-/ PROCEEDINGS OF THE NIMBUS PROGRAM REVIEW OTS PRICE XEROX S _9, ,_-_ MICROFILM $ Jg/ _-"/_j . J"- O NOVEMBER 14-16, 1962 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NIMBUS PROGRAM REVIEW \ November 14-16, 1962 GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER Greenbelt, Md. NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER PROCEEDINGS OF THE NIMBUS PROGRAM REVIEW FOREWORD The Nimbus program review was conducted at the George Washington Motor Lodge and at General Electric Missiles and Space Division, Valley Forge, Pennsylvania, on November 14, 15, and 16, 1962. The purpose of the review was twofold: first, to present to top management of the Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Headquarters, other NASA elements, Joint Meteorological Satellite Advisory Committee (_MSAC), Weather Bureau, subsystem contractors, and others, a clear picture of the Nimbus program, its organization, its past accomplishments, current status, and remaining work, emphasizing the continuing need and opportunity for major contributions by the industrial community; second, to bring together project and contractor technical personnel responsible for the planning, execution, and support of the integration and test of the spacecraft to be initiated at General Electric shortly. This book is a compilation of the papers presented during the review and also contains a list of those attending. Harry P_ress Nimbus Project Manager CONTENTS FOREWORD lo INTRODUCTION TO NIMBUS by W. G. Stroud, GSFC _o THE NIMBUS PROJECT-- ORGANIZATION, PLAN, AND STATUS by H. Press, GSFC o METEOROLOGICAL APPLICATIONS OF NIMBUS DATA by E.G. Albert, U.S. -
Geological Applications of Nimbus Radiation Data in the Middle East
X-901-76-164 GEOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS OF NIMBUS RADIATION DATA IN THE MIDDLE EAST (NASI-TM-X-71207) GEOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS N77-10616 OF NIMBUS RADIATION DATA IN MIDDLE EAST (NASA) 106 p HC A06/MF 101 CSCL 08G Unclas G3/43 09624 LEWIS J. ALLISON OCTOBER 1976 GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER I GREENBELT, MARYLAND For information concerning availability of this document contact. Technical Information &Administrative Support Division Code 250 Goddard Space Night Center Greenbelt, Maryland 20771 (Telephone 301-982-4488) "This paper presents the views of-the author(s), and does not necessarily reflect the views of the Goddard Space Flight Center, or NASA." X-901-76-164 GEOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS OF NIMBUS RADIATION DATA IN THE MIDDLE EAST Lewis J. Allison Meteorology Program Office October 1976 GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER Greenbelt, Maryland GEOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS OF NIMBUS RADIATION DATA IN THE MIDDLE EAST Lewis J. Allison Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt, Maryland 20771 ABSTRACT Large plateaus of Eocene limestone and exposed limestone escarp ments, in Egypt and Saudi Arabia respectively, were indicated by cool brightness temperatures TB < 2400 to 2650 K by the Nimbus 5 Electrically Scanning Microwave Radiometer (ESMR) over a 2-year period. Nubian sandstone, desert eolian sand and igneous metamorphic rocks of the Pliocene, Miocene, Oligocene and Cretaceous period were differentiated from these limestone areas by warm TB values (> 2650 to 300'K). These brightness tempera ture differences are a result of seasonal in-situ ground tempera tures and differential emissivity of limestone (0. 7) and sand, sandstone and granite (0. 9) whose dielectric constants are (6 to 8.9) and (2.9 and 4.2 to 5.3) respectively at 19.35 GHz. -
Nimbus-7 Earth Radiation Budget Calibration History--Part I: the Solar Channels
NASA Reference Publication 1316 1993 Nimbus-7 Earth Radiation Budget Calibration History--Part I: The Solar Channels H. Lee Kyle Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt, Maryland Douglas V. Hoyt Brenda J. Vallette Research and Data Systems Corporation Greenbelt, Maryland John R. Hickey The Eppley Laboratories Newport, Rhode Island Robert H. Maschhoff Gulton Industries Albuquerque, New Mexico National Aeronautics and Space Administration Scientific and Technical Information Branch ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ACRIM Active Cavity Radiometer Irradiance Monitor A/D analog to digital convertor APEX Advanced Photovoltaic Experiment CZCS Coastal Zone Color Scanner DSAS Digital Solar Aspect Sensor ERB Earth Radiation Budget ERBS Earth Radiation Budget Satellite FOV field of view H-F Hickey-Frieden Cavity Radiometer IPS International Pyrheliometric Standard JPL Jet Propulsion Laboratory LDEF Long Duration Exposure Facility LIMS Limb Infrared Monitor of the Stratosphere NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration NIP Normal Incidence Pyrheliometer NSSDC National Space Science Data Center PEERBEC Passive Exposure Earth Radiation Budget Experiment Components ppm parts per million RSM reference sensor model SEFDT Solar Earth Flux Data Tapes SMM Solar Maximum Mission SMMR Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer UARS Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite UV ultraviolet WRR World Radiometric Reference iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Section 1. INTRODUCTION ............................................ 1 o THE HICKEY-FRIEDEN (H-F) CAVITY RADIOMETER .................. -
Photographs Written Historical and Descriptive
CAPE CANAVERAL AIR FORCE STATION, MISSILE ASSEMBLY HAER FL-8-B BUILDING AE HAER FL-8-B (John F. Kennedy Space Center, Hanger AE) Cape Canaveral Brevard County Florida PHOTOGRAPHS WRITTEN HISTORICAL AND DESCRIPTIVE DATA HISTORIC AMERICAN ENGINEERING RECORD SOUTHEAST REGIONAL OFFICE National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior 100 Alabama St. NW Atlanta, GA 30303 HISTORIC AMERICAN ENGINEERING RECORD CAPE CANAVERAL AIR FORCE STATION, MISSILE ASSEMBLY BUILDING AE (Hangar AE) HAER NO. FL-8-B Location: Hangar Road, Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (CCAFS), Industrial Area, Brevard County, Florida. USGS Cape Canaveral, Florida, Quadrangle. Universal Transverse Mercator Coordinates: E 540610 N 3151547, Zone 17, NAD 1983. Date of Construction: 1959 Present Owner: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Present Use: Home to NASA’s Launch Services Program (LSP) and the Launch Vehicle Data Center (LVDC). The LVDC allows engineers to monitor telemetry data during unmanned rocket launches. Significance: Missile Assembly Building AE, commonly called Hangar AE, is nationally significant as the telemetry station for NASA KSC’s unmanned Expendable Launch Vehicle (ELV) program. Since 1961, the building has been the principal facility for monitoring telemetry communications data during ELV launches and until 1995 it processed scientifically significant ELV satellite payloads. Still in operation, Hangar AE is essential to the continuing mission and success of NASA’s unmanned rocket launch program at KSC. It is eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) under Criterion A in the area of Space Exploration as Kennedy Space Center’s (KSC) original Mission Control Center for its program of unmanned launch missions and under Criterion C as a contributing resource in the CCAFS Industrial Area Historic District. -
I Technical Memorandum 80704
NASA-TM-80704 19800019413 N/ A i TechnicalMemorandum 80704 Meteorological Satellites- LIBRAR, YcOPY- ._, : 3'JMm ..... HAMPVATON, L. J. Allison (Editor), A. Schnapf, B. C. Diesen, III, P. S. Martin, A. Schwalb, and W. R. Bandeen JUNE 1980 NationalAeronauticsand S0aceAdministration GoddardSpace FlightCenter Greenbelt.Maryland20771 METEOROLOGICALSATELLITES LewisJ. Allison (Editor) Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt, Maryland Contributing Authors: Abraham Schnapf, Bernard C. Diesen, III, Philip S. Martin, Arthur Schwalb, and WilliamR. Bandeen ABSTRACT This paper presents an overviewof the meteorologicalsatellite programs that havebeen evolvingfrom 1958 to the present and reviews plans for the future meteorological and environmental satellite systems that are scheduled to be placed into servicein the early 1980's. The development of the TIROS family of weather satellites, including TIROS, ESSA, ITOS/NOAA,and the present TIROS-N (the third-generation operational system) is summarized. The contribution of the Nimbus and ATS technology satellites to the development of the operational polar- orbiting and geostationary satellites is discussed. Included are descriptions of both the TIROS-N and the DMSPpayloadscurrently under developmentto assurea continued and orderly growth of these systemsinto the 1980's. iii CONTENTS ABSTRACT ............................................... iii EVOLUTION OF THE U.S. METEOROLOGICAL SATELLITE PROGRAMS ....... 1 TIROS ............................................... 1 ESSA ............................................... -
Appendix a Missions and Sensors
Appendix A Missions and Sensors This appendix contains descriptive and technical information on satellite and aircraft missions and the characteristics of their sensors. It commences by looking briefly at those programs intended principally for gathering weather information, and proceeds to missions for earth observational remote sensing, including hyperspectral and radar platforms and sensors. Sufficient detail is given on data characteristics so that implications for image processing and analysis can be understood. In most cases mechanical and signal handling properties are not given, except for a few historical and illustrative cases. A.1 Weather Satellite Sensors A.1.1 Polar Orbiting and Geosynchronous Satellites Two broad types of weather satellite are in common use. One is of the polar orbiting, or more generally low earth orbit, variety whereas the other is at geosynchronous altitudes. The former typically have orbits at altitudes of about 700 to 1500 km whereas the geostationary altitude is approximately 36,000 km (see Appendix B). Typical of the low orbit satellites are the current NOAA series (also referred to as Advanced TIROS-N, ATN), and their forerunners the TIROS, TOS and ITOS satellites. The principal sensor of interest from this book’s viewpoint is the NOAA AVHRR. This is described in Sect. A.1.2 following. The Nimbus satellites, while strictly test bed vehicles for a range of meteoro- logical and remote sensing sensors, also orbited at altitudes of around 1000 km. Nimbus sensors of interest include the Coastal Zone Colour Scanner (CZCS) and the Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer (SMMR). Only the former is treated below. 390 A Missions and Sensors Geostationary meteorological satellites have been launched by the United States, Russia, India, China, ESA and Japan. -
Table of Artificial Satellites Launched in 1978
This electronic version (PDF) was scanned by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) Library & Archives Service from an original paper document in the ITU Library & Archives collections. La présente version électronique (PDF) a été numérisée par le Service de la bibliothèque et des archives de l'Union internationale des télécommunications (UIT) à partir d'un document papier original des collections de ce service. Esta versión electrónica (PDF) ha sido escaneada por el Servicio de Biblioteca y Archivos de la Unión Internacional de Telecomunicaciones (UIT) a partir de un documento impreso original de las colecciones del Servicio de Biblioteca y Archivos de la UIT. (ITU) ﻟﻼﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻲ ﺍﻻﺗﺤﺎﺩ ﻓﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺤﻔﻮﻇﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻗﺴﻢ ﺃﺟﺮﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺴﺢ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﻧﺘﺎﺝ (PDF) ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺨﺔ ﻫﺬﻩ .ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺤﻔﻮﻇﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻗﺴﻢ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻮﻓﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻮﺛﺎﺋﻖ ﺿﻤﻦ ﺃﺻﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺭﻗﻴﺔ ﻭﺛﻴﻘﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻘﻼ ً◌ 此电子版(PDF版本)由国际电信联盟(ITU)图书馆和档案室利用存于该处的纸质文件扫描提供。 Настоящий электронный вариант (PDF) был подготовлен в библиотечно-архивной службе Международного союза электросвязи путем сканирования исходного документа в бумажной форме из библиотечно-архивной службы МСЭ. © International Telecommunication Union Table of artificial satellites launched in 1978 COSMOS-1 012 1978 54A C0SM0S-1064 1978 119A MOLNYA-1 (40 ) 1978 55A A C0SM0S-1013 1978 56A C0SM0S-1065 1978 120A MOLNYA-1 (41) 1978 72 A COSMOS-1066 1 21A MOLNYA-1 (42) 1978 80A AMSAT-OSCAR-8 1978 26B C0SM0S-1014 1978 56B 1978 MOLNYA-3 (9) 1 978 9A ANIK-B1 1978 116A C0SM0S-1015 1978 56 C COSMOS-1067 1978 122A C0SM0S-1016 1978 56D COSMOS-1 068 1978 -
Aeronautics and Space Report of the President 1981 Activities
Aeronautics and Space Report of the President 1981 Activities NOTE TO READERS: ALL PRINTED PAGES ARE INCLUDED, UNNUMBERED BLANK PAGES DURING SCANNING AND QUALITY CONTROL CHECK HAVE BEEN DELETED Aeronautics and Space Report of the President 1981 Activities National Aeronautics and Space Administration Washington, D.C. 20546 Con tents Page Page Summary ................................ 1 Department of Agriculture ................. 57 Communications ...................... 1 Federal Communications Commission ........ 58 Earth’s Resources and Environment ...... 2 CommunicationsSatellites .............. 58 Space Science ........................ 3 Experiments and Studies ............... 59 Space Transportation .................. 4 Department of Transportation .............. 61 International Activities ................ 5 Aviation Safety ....................... 61 Aeronautics .......................... 6 Environmental Research ............... 63 National Aeronautics and Space Air Navigation and Air Traffic Control ... 64 Administration ..................... 8 Environmental Protection Agency ........... 66 Applications to the Earth ............... 8 National Science Foundation ................ 67 Science .............................. 13 Smithsonian Institution .................... 68 Space Transportation .................. 19 Spacesciences ........................ 68 Space Research and Technology ......... 23 Lunar Research ...................... 69 Space Tracking and Data Services ........ 25 Planetary Research .................... 70 Aeronautical -
Availability of Remote-Sensing Data for Thenorthwest Atlantic
NOT TO BE CITED WITHOUT PRIOR REFERENCE TO THE AUTHOR(S) Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organization Serial No. N479 NAFO SCR Doc. 8/IX/144 THIRD AN D UAL MEETING - SEPTEMBER 1981 Availabilit6 of Remote-sensing Data for the Northwest Atlantic by Howard Edel Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Ocean Science and Surveys 240 Sparks Street, Ottawa, Ont., Canada K1A 0E6 In looking at remote-s9rsing data available lor the Northwest Atlantic, one can consider both satell e and aircraft systems. However, the very high cost and limited coverage o the latter has limited their deployment to meet specific operational needs such as ice reconnaissance, pollution detection, high resolution imagery, etc Remote sensing from spate began with the deployment in the 1960s of meteorological satellites wit low resolution optical. sensors. Since then, there has been significant 1$ rovement in radiometric and geometric resolution, both for optical and microwav imaging systems. However, most of the systems deployed to date have been (: f nted towards meteorological and land applications. The primary operational sys teens are NOAAs polar-orbiting and the GOES geosta- tionary satellites. The Advdced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) has four channels (two visible anc two infrared) which has been cased for extensive oceanographic applications illthe production of sea-surface temperature charts, ocean frontal analysis, oceam current analysis, and ice charts. The GOES sat- ellite provides frequent synoltic pictures oi the eastern half of North America and the Atlantic Ocean for we . ther forecasting purposes. Limited application of the GOES thermal infrared system for ocean temperature monitoring is develop- ing, but the high latitudes of North America are seen only at very oblique angle. -
TBE Technicalreport CS91-TR-JSC-017 U
Hem |4 W TBE TechnicalReport CS91-TR-JSC-017 u w -Z2- THE FRAGMENTATION OF THE NIMBUS 6 ROCKET BODY i w i David J. Nauer SeniorSystems Analyst Nicholas L. Johnson Advisory Scientist November 1991 Prepared for: t_ NASA Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center Houston, Texas 77058 m Contract NAS9-18209 DRD SE-1432T u Prepared by: Teledyne Brown Engineering ColoradoSprings,Colorado 80910 m I i l Id l II a_wm n IE m m I NI g_ M [] l m IB g II M il m Im mR z M i m The Fragmentation of the Nimbus 6 Rocket Body Abstract: On 1 May 1991 the Nimbus 6 second stage Delta Rocket Body experienced a major breakup at an altitude of approximately 1,100km. There were numerous piecesleftin long- livedorbits,adding to the long-termhazard in this orbitalregime already°presentfrom previousDelta Rocket Body explosions. The assessedcause of the event is an accidentalexplosionof the Delta second stageby documented processesexperiencedby other similar Delta second stages. Background _-£ W Nimbus 6 and the Nimbus 6 Rocket Body (SatelliteNumber 7946, InternationalDesignator i975-052B) were launched from the V_denberg WeStern Test Range on 12 June 1975. The w Delta 2910 launch vehicleloftedthe 830 kg Nimbus 6 Payload into a sun-synchronous,99.6 degree inclination,1,100 km high orbit,leaving one launch fragment and the Delta Second N Stage Rocket Body. This was the 23_ Delta launch of a Second Stage Rocket Body in the Delta 100 or laterseriesofboostersand the 111_ Delta launch overall. k@ On 1 May 1991 the Nimbus 6 Delta second stage broke up into a large,high altitudedebris cloud as reportedby a NAVSPASUR data analysismessage (Appendix 1). -
NIMBUS-5 Sounder Data Processing System. Pt. II. Results
NOAA Technical Memorandum NESS 71 NIMBUS-5 SOUNDER DATA PROCESSING SYSTEM PART II. RESULTS w. L. Smith H. M. Woolf C. M. Hayden W. C. Shen Washington, D.C. July 1975 UNITED STATES / NATIONAL OCEANIC AND / National Environmental DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION Satellite Service Rogers C. B. Morton, Secretary Robert M. White. Administrator David S. Johnson. Director This memorandum was originally prepared for the GARP Project Office, National Aero nautics and Space Administration, Goddard Space Flight Center, under Contract No. S-70249-AG. Mention of a commercial company or product does not constitute an endorsement by the NOAA National Environmental Satellite Service. Use for publicity or advertising purposes of information from this publication concerning proprietary products or the tests of such products is not authorized. ii CONTENTS Acknowledgments iv Abstract 1 1.0 Introduction 1 2.0 Measurement characteristics of the Nimbus-5 sounders 2 2.1 The ITPR experiment 3 2.2 The NEMS experiment 6 2.3 The SCR experiment 7 3.0 Characteristics of the amalgamated Nimbus-5 sounding data 8 4.0 An intercomparison of the meteorological parameters derived from Nimbus-5 and those from radiosonde and NOAA-2 VTPR vertical temperature cross sections . 10 5.0 An intercomparison of results obtained with the Nimbus-5 retrieval algorithm vs. real-time regression ..... 14 6.0 Application of the Nimbus-5 sounding data to the study of tropical circulation . • . 16 Application of the Nimbus-5 sounding system to Southern Hemisphere data . 21 8.0 An intercomparison of radiosonde and Nimbus-5-derived cross sections during the M4TEX .