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A New Species of Cyrtopeltis from Coastal Vegetation in the Hawaiian Islands (Heteroptera: Miridae: Dicyphinae)L

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A New Species of Cyrtopeltis from Coastal Vegetation in the Hawaiian Islands (Heteroptera: Miridae: Dicyphinae)L Pacific Science (1993), vol. 47, no. 1: 17-20 © 1993 by University of Hawaii Press. All rights reserved A New Species of Cyrtopeltis from Coastal Vegetation in the Hawaiian Islands (Heteroptera: Miridae: Dicyphinae)l ABSTRACT: A new species, Cyrtopeltis kahakai Asquith, is described from the Hawaiian Islands. This species is specific to the strand plant Scaevola sericea (Vahl). WITH ENDEMIC SPECIES in at least 11 genera, tooth on the right dorsal margin ofthe genital the Hawaiian Islands have a rich and largely capsule. In addition, the rostrum reaches only undescribed mirid fauna. The only speciose the mesocoxae in C. kahakai, and in C. sidae genus to have received taxonomic attention is the rostrum reaches the metacoxae. Cyrtopeltis Fieber (Dicyphinae), with eight DESCRIPTION: Male: Macropterous (Figure endemic species. Kirkaldy (1902) first recog­ 1); small species, length 2.28-2.54 mm. Head nized Cyrtopeltis in Hawai'i when he de­ round; eyes small, not reaching buccula scribed C. hawaiiensis from Maui, and later ventrally, separated from pronotal collar Perkins (1911) added C. confusa from O'ahu. by width of antennal segment II; occiput The Hawaiian Cyrtopeltis were then reviewed not constricted; tylus sloping anteriorly, not and new species added by both Carvalho and strictly vertical. All antennal segments cylin­ Usinger (1960) and Gagne (1968). It attests to drical, All sightly enlarged distally; AI the remarkable diversity of the Hawaiian widest, distal segments progressively nar­ fauna that, despite two revisions by resident rower; lengths: AI 0.16-0.19 mm; All 0.48­ taxonomists, we still lack a complete inven­ 0.59 mm; AlII 0.43-0.54 mm; AIV 0.30­ tory of all species. In this paper, I described a 0.32 mm. Rostrum reaching mesocoxae. new species of Cyrtopeltis from coastal areas Pronotum trapezoidal, length 0.36-0.37 mm, of Hawai'i. width 0.63-0.68 mm; lateral margins nearly straight, posterior margin convex; anterior Cyrtopeltis kahakai Asquith, n. sp. lobe laterally convex, posterior lobe flat; calli Figures 1-3 not elevated, only weakly defined by slight DIAGNOSIS: This is the smallest species of depression posteriorly. Hemelytra with sides Cyrtopeltis in Hawai'i, and can be distin­ weakly arcuate laterally. Entire body surface guished from all others by its total length of and all appendages translucent yellow; anten­ < 3.0 mm. It is similar to C. sidae Gagne and nae, rostrum, and ventral surface ofhead pale C. terminalis Gagne in that these species also yellow; eyes black; apex of rostrum and tarsi have translucent, yellow coloration and pale occasionally fuscous; spines and spinules setae. Because of its small size, C. kahakai on tibiae black. Surface of head, pronotum, keys to C. sidae in the most recent key to and hemelytra shining. Vestiture on head and Hawaiian CJ!-rto]l.eltis (Gag~@JL1LdifIers pronotal collar erect,_pale;_pronotum aQ --I from C. sidae in having the anterior arm of hemelytra with inclined, pale, golden setae. the genital capsule process larger and more Male genitalia: Posteroventral surface of strongly curved ventrally, the posterior pro­ genital capsule weakly and broadly curved cess unlobed, and C. kahakai lacks the large dorsally (Figure 2). Process on ventral margin of genital opening bifurcate; posterior arm short, thick, straight; anterior arm sharply 1 Manuscript accepted I March 1992. bent posteroventrally (Figure 3). 2 Department of Entomology, University of Hawaii, Kauai Agricultural Research Station, 7370-A Kuamo'o Female: Macropterous; slightly larger than Road, Kapa'a, Hawai'i 96746. male, length 2.5-2.7 mm. Antennal segment 18 PACIFIC SCIENCE, Volume 47, January 1993 FIGURE I. Cyrtopeltis kahakai, dorsal habitus of male. LUl-.>s.hor.te.L1han that of male, length 0.45­ in the B. P. Bishop Museum, Honolulu. Para­ 0.5 mm. Pronotum broader, width 0.66-0.73 types: 28 males, 28 females: same data as mm; more divergent posteriorly and more holotype; deposited in the B. P. Bishop laterally convex. Museum. ETYMOLOGY: Name taken from the Hawai­ ADDITIONAL MATERIAL EXAMINED: Kaua'i: 4 ian term kahakai, meaning"on the seashore." males, 6 females, Kealia Beach, 22-V-1991, A. TYPE MATERIAL: Holotype: Male, Hawaiian Asquith, ex Scaevola sericea (University of Islands, Kaua'i, Moloa'a Bay, 8-V-1991, A. Hawaii, Kauai Research Station); 2 males, 2 Asquith, ex Scaevola sericea (Vahl); deposited females, Wail~a River mouth, II-V-1991, A. New Species of Cyrtopeltis-ASQUITH 19 FIGURES 2-3. Cyrtopeltis kahakai, male genital capsule: 2, right lateral view; 3, left lateral view. Asquith (University of Hawaii, Kauai Re­ lected nymphs ofwhat is probably this species search Station); Kalalau Valley beach, 4-X­ from Scaevola at Ka'ena Point on O'ahu. All 1991, A. Asquith, ex Scaevola sericea (Univer­ other species of Hawaiian Cyrtopeltis, except sity of Hawaii, Kauai Research Station). C. hawaiiensis Kirkaldy (known from Maui Moloka'i: 6 males, 8 females, Mo'omomi and Moloka'i), are restricted to a single is­ Dunes, 22-VI-1991, J. W. Beardsley coIl., ex land, making C. kahakai the only widespread Scaevola sericea (University of Hawaii Insect species in the archipelago. Collection). As noted by Carvalho and Usinger (1960) and Gagne (1968), the Hawaiian Cyrtopeltis This species is restricted to the strand plant are host plant-specific and do not occur on Scaevola sericea Vahl (Goodeniaceae). AI- related plants. For example, the morphologi­ though its host plant extends inland for at cal similarity between C. kahakai and C. sidae least 300 m from the shore, and occasionally probably indicates close phylogenetic affinity, farther on cliff faces, C. kahakai apparently yet their host plants belong to different has a narrower distribution, as I have not families (Goodeniaceae and Malvaceae, re­ found it more than a few meters above the spectively). This should not be surprising, high-water mark. Nymphs and adults are because the Dicyphinae in general occur on usually found deep among silky hairs in the plants with villous pubescence or those with leafaxils or within the inrolled leaf margins glandular trichomes, an ecological rather than and are not easily dislodged, thus it is not taxonomic determinate (Cassis 1984). Host __t=a.::ke~n~b:Ly---=b:"-'e""::a;.::ti:.::n:J:;g'--'o"-'r:,_:s~w-'-'e-:.:e'-"p:.;.:in~g"-'-.--"I~n,-,t--;h;-=e~l=ab=o,,;;r~a:;--_Qlants Qfthdfawaiian£.yr1opeltis-also-f~llo -II tory I have observed nymphs and adults of C. this pattern in having either glandular (Sida, kahakai feeding on both Scaevola leaves and Dubautia menziesii (A. Gray) D. Keck, dead conspecifics. I have made similar obser- Dubautia platyphylla (A. Gray) D. Keck, vations of C. hawaiiensis Kirkaldy, which Lysimachia) or silky hairs (Cyrtandra cor- suggests that the other Hawaiian species, like difolia Gaud., Phyllostegia, Scaevola sericea most dicyphines, will feed on both plant and VahI). animal tissue (Cassis 1984). The recognized diversity ofboth the named Although at present C. kahakai is known and undescribed Hawaiian entomofauna only from Kaua'i and Moloka'i, I have col- makes the discovery ofyet another species not 20 PACIFIC SCIENCE, Volume 47, January 1993 unexpected. However, over 80% of the land LITERATURE CITED area of Hawai'i is now in cattle pasture, ASQillrn, A., and R. H. MESSING. 1993. Con­ wit~ lowl~nd plantation, or residences, most temporary Hawaiian insect fau~~ ofa l?w­ ~XISt­ plant communities either eliJ?mated or land agricultural area on Kaua 1: Imphca­ ing only as remnants. LikewIse, conventional tions for local and island-wide fruit fly wisdom among many Hawaiian entomolo­ eradication programs. Pac. Sci. 47: 1~ 16. the~e a~e gists is that below 600 m elevation, CARVALHO, J. C. M., and R. L. USINGER. few native insects remaining. As an irOnIC 1960. New species of Cyrtopeltis from t~e illustration, a 1990 insect survey of the type Hawaiian Islands with a revised key (HemI­ locality, Moloa'a, failed to discover C. ptera: Miridae). Proc. Hawaii. Entomol. ~he kahakai (Asquith and Messing 1993), and Soc. 17:249-254. type series was collected from a plant growmg CASSIS, G. 1984. A systematic study of virtually on the doorstep of a home. The the subfamily Dicyphinae (Heteroptera: spec~es su~h presence ofundescribed, endemic Miridae). Ph.D. diss., Oregon State Univer­ as C. kahakai in agricultural and resIdential sity. areas ofHawai'i calls for immediate attention GAGNE, W. C. 1968. New species and a. re­ from both taxonomists and conservationists. vised key to the Hawaiian Cyrtopeltis Fleb. with notes on Cyrtopeltis (Engytatus) ha­ waiiensis Kirkaldy (Heteroptera: Miridae). ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Proc. Hawaii. Entomol. Soc. 20: 35-44. KIRKALDY, G. W. 1902. Hemiptera. Pages I thank John W. Beardsley, Jr., for bringing 93-174 in FaunaHawaiiensis, vol. 3, pt. 2. this species to my attention. John D. Lattin PERKINS, R. C. L. 1911. Notes on Hawaiian and Gerasimos Cassis provided critical re­ Hemiptera, with descriptions of new spe­ views of the manuscript. Anna C. Asquith cies. Trans. Entomol. Soc. Lond. 1911: provided the fine habitus illustration. This is 728-737. paper no. 3704 of the Hawaii Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources Journal Series..
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