Private Law Reform
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ACTA UNIVERSITATIS BRUNENSIS ________________________________ IURIDICA Editio Scientia No 501 SPISY PRÁVNICKÉ FAKULTY MASARYKOVY UNIVERZITY _________________________________ řada teoretická, Edice Scientia svazek č. 501 PRIVATE LAW REFORM Petr Lavický, Jan Hurdík et al. Masarykova univerzita Brno 2014 Tato publikace vznikla z prostředků institucionální podpory na dlouhodobý koncepční rozvoj výzkumných organizací. Recenzenti: prof. JUDr. PhDr. Michal Tomášek, DrSc. doc. JUDr. Monika Jurčová, Ph.D. © 2014 Petr Lavický, Jan Hurdík a kolektiv © 2014 Masarykova univerzita ISBN 978-80-210-7603-7 CONTENT Introduction ......................................................................................... 9 About the authors .............................................................................. 11 General Part....................................................................................................... 11 National reports ................................................................................................ 11 General part ....................................................................................... 13 1 Preparation of the Private Law Reform and its Materialization ......................................................................... 13 2 Foreign and European Models ..................................................... 27 3 The Subject Matter Aspects of the Reform ................................. 33 3.1 The Crucial Subject Matter Changes ..................................................... 33 3.2 Continuity and Discontinuity ................................................................. 41 3.3 Original or Unprecedented Concepts ................................................... 43 3.4 The Relationship between Autonomy of Will and Consumer Protection; Mandatory and Non-mandatory Effects of the Provisions ...................................................................................... 43 4 Experience with Exercising the New Regulation in Practice ...... 47 5 The New Civil Codes .................................................................... 55 5.1 The Role of a Civil Code Among Private Law Legislation ............... 55 5.2 Civil Code, Codification of Commercial Law and Special Provisions on Suppliers ...................................................... 59 5.3 Family Law ................................................................................................ 61 5.4 The Structure of Civil Codes ................................................................. 63 5.5 Relations between Private and Public Law ........................................... 68 5.6 Procedural Rules in Civil Code .............................................................. 72 5.7 The ‚Style-Shaping‘ Elements ................................................................. 75 5.8 The Principles of Private Law ................................................................ 78 5.9 The Role of Courts‘ Decisions .............................................................. 80 5 PRIVATE LAW REFORM Content National reports ................................................................................. 85 1 Austria: Reforming the ABGB (Old Ideas and New Attempts) .. 85 1.1 Introductory Remarks ............................................................................. 85 1.2 Current Plans for Private Law Reforms in Austria ............................. 85 1.3 Characteristics of Austrian Private Law Reforms ............................... 87 1.3.1 Small Steps versus Recodification .............................................................. 87 1.3.1.1 It all started in Brno... ....................................................................................87 1.3.1.2 The Need for a Refurbishment of the ABGB.................................................89 1.3.1.3 Main Features of Reforming the ABGB ........................................................91 1.3.1.4 Results of the Refurbishment of the ABGB So Far ....................................... 95 1.3.2 Key Success Factors for Reforming the ABGB ...................................... 98 1.3.2.1 Political Issues ................................................................................................98 1.3.2.2 Foreign Examples? ...................................................................................... 101 1.3.2.3 The Influence of Legal Scholarship ............................................................... 104 1.3.2.4 Urgent Needs for a Refurbishment? .............................................................. 109 1.4 Final Remarks ......................................................................................... 110 2 Croatia .......................................................................................... 111 2.1 Introduction ............................................................................................ 111 2.2 Influence of comparative and European law on Croatian private law .......................................................................... 114 2.2.1 General remarks .......................................................................................... 114 2.2.2 Property law and land records law ........................................................... 115 2.2.3 Law of obligations ..................................................................................... 116 2.2.4 Inheritance law ............................................................................................ 118 2.3 Reform in different areas of private law ............................................ 119 2.3.1 General remarks .......................................................................................... 119 2.3.2 Property law and land records law ........................................................... 119 2.3.3 Law of Obligations .................................................................................... 122 2.3.4 Inheritance Law .......................................................................................... 127 2.3.5 The autonomy of will principle and mandatory provisions in private law ............................................................................................... 128 2.4 New regulations in practice .................................................................. 129 2.5 Absence of a civil code ......................................................................... 130 2.6 Final remarks ........................................................................................... 131 3 Czech Republic ............................................................................ 133 3.1 Preparation of the Private Law Reform and its Materialization ..... 133 3.2 Foreign and European Models ............................................................. 138 3.3 The Subject Matter Aspects of the Reform....................................... 141 6 Content 3.4 Experience with Exercising the New Regulation in Practice .......... 149 3.5 New Civil Code ...................................................................................... 153 4 Germany ....................................................................................... 159 4.1 Preparation of the Private Law Reform and its Materialization ..... 159 4.2 Foreign and European Models ............................................................. 163 4.3 The Subject Matter Aspects of the Reform....................................... 165 4.4 Experience with Exercising the New Regulation in Practice .......... 168 4.4.1 Selected Bibliography (in chronological order of publication) ........... 169 5 Hungary ....................................................................................... 171 5.1 Preparation of the Private Law Reform and its Materialization ..... 171 5.2 Foreign and European models ............................................................. 177 5.3 The Subject Matter Aspects of the Reform....................................... 178 5.4 Experience with Exercising the New Regulation in Practice .......... 187 5.5 New Civil Code ...................................................................................... 188 5.6 List of References .................................................................................. 194 6 Poland .......................................................................................... 197 6.1 Preparation of the Private Law Reform and its Materialization ..... 197 6.2 Foreign and European Models ............................................................. 206 6.3 The Subject Matter Aspects of the Reform....................................... 206 7 Romania ....................................................................................... 213 7.1 Preparation of the Private Law Reform and its Materialization ..... 213 7.2 Foreign and European Models ............................................................. 231 7.3 The Subject Matter Aspects of the Reform....................................... 238 7.4 Experience with Exercising the New Regulation in Practice .......... 247 7.5 New Civil Code ...................................................................................... 248 8 Slovakia ........................................................................................ 257 8.1 Preparation of the Private Law Reform and its Materialization ..... 257 8.2 Foreign and European Models ............................................................. 268 8.3 The Subject Matter Aspects of the Reform......................................