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Abschlussbericht Abschlussbericht Wie entwickeln sich angesichts des Strukturwandels zur Wissensgesellschaft und der Einführung der Bachelorstudiengänge die Chancen für duale Ausbildungsberufe und das duale System? an das Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Technologie Villemombler Str. 76 53123 Bonn Autoren: Dirk Werner Christian Hollmann Dr. Jörg Schmidt Köln, Dezember 2008 Gustav-Heinemann-Ufer 84–88 · 50968 Köln Telefon: 0221 4981-712 · Fax: 0221 4981-592 · [email protected] · www.iwkoeln.de Institut der deutschen Wirtschaft Köln Chancen des dualen Systems ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ Abschlussbericht vom Dezember 2008 Seite 2 von 266 Institut der deutschen Wirtschaft Köln Chancen des dualen Systems ________________________________________________________________________________________ Inhalt Zentrale Ergebnisse der Studie......................................................................................6 1 Ausgangssituation und Herausforderungen ......................................................11 1.1 Megatrends und berufliche Bildung............................................................................. 12 1.2 Der Strukturwandel zur Wissensgesellschaft.............................................................. 15 1.3 Das Verhältnis von beruflicher und akademischer Bildung.........................................16 2 Ziele und Aufbau der Studie ..............................................................................18 3 Berufsbildung, Hochschulbildung und Interdependenzen.................................21 3.1 Das duale System der Berufsausbildung .................................................................... 21 3.1.1 Status quo und historische Wurzeln des dualen Systems.......................................................21 3.1.2 Fort- und Weiterbildung............................................................................................................24 3.1.3 Berufsbildung als Beitrag zur Sicherung des Fachkräftebedarfs.............................................26 3.1.4 Aktuelle Reformüberlegungen..................................................................................................28 3.1.5 Reformbedarf aus Sicht von Unternehmen..............................................................................33 3.2 Das Hochschulsystem ................................................................................................. 44 3.2.1 Das System der Bachelor- und Masterstudiengänge ..............................................................44 3.2.2 Quantitative Entwicklung der Studierenden und Absolventen in Bachelor- und Masterstudiengängen...............................................................................................................46 3.2.3 Studienabbrüche in Bachelorstudiengängen ...........................................................................50 3.2.4 Perspektiven von Bachelorabsolventen am Arbeitsmarkt........................................................52 3.2.4.1 Nachfrageseite: Beschäftigungssituation und Anforderungen von Unternehmen ...................52 3.2.4.2 Angebotsseite: Einschätzungen von Bachelorabsolventen .....................................................61 3.2.4.3 Ausgewählte Stellungnahmen der Wirtschaft ..........................................................................67 3.2.4.4 Entlohnung von Bachelorabsolventen......................................................................................69 3.3 Verzahnung des Berufsbildungssystems mit dem Hochschulsystem.........................71 3.3.1 Durchlässigkeit im Bildungssystem..........................................................................................71 3.3.1.1 Durchlässigkeit und Berufsausbildung: der Status quo ...........................................................72 3.3.1.2 Einflussfaktoren für eine höhere Durchlässigkeit.....................................................................76 3.3.2 Idealtypische Modelle der Beziehung zwischen Berufsbildung und Bachelorausbildung .......78 3.3.3 Gesetzliche Rahmenbedingungen des Hochschulzugangs und faktische Nutzung................84 3.3.4 Duale Studiengänge.................................................................................................................88 ________________________________________________________________________________________ Abschlussbericht vom Dezember 2008 Seite 3 von 266 Institut der deutschen Wirtschaft Köln Chancen des dualen Systems ________________________________________________________________________________________ 4 Systematischer Qualifikationsvergleich von dualen Ausbildungsberufen und Bachelorstudiengängen ..............................................................................93 4.1 Zielsetzung und Vorgehensweise des Curriculumvergleichs......................................93 4.2 Untersuchte Berufsfelder und Ausbildungsberufe....................................................... 97 4.2.1 Kaufmännischer Bereich (Industriekaufmann/frau)..................................................................97 4.2.2 Informationstechnologie (IT-Kernberufe) .................................................................................97 4.2.3 Gewerblich-technischer Bereich (Mechatroniker/in) ................................................................98 4.3 Berufsfeld Bürofachkräfte ............................................................................................ 99 4.3.1 Der Ausbildungsberuf Industriekaufmann/frau.........................................................................99 4.3.2 Relevante Fortbildungen im kaufmännischen Bereich...........................................................102 4.3.3 Korrespondierende Bachelorstudiengänge im kaufmännischen Bereich ..............................105 4.3.4 Curriculumvergleich................................................................................................................107 4.3.5 Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede zwischen Berufs- und Hochschulbildung....................118 4.4 Berufsfeld Informationstechnologie ........................................................................... 124 4.4.1 Die IT-Ausbildungsberufe.......................................................................................................124 4.4.2 Das IT-Weiterbildungssystem ................................................................................................130 4.4.3 Korrespondierende Bachelorstudiengänge in der Informationstechnologie ..........................133 4.4.4 Curriculumvergleich................................................................................................................136 4.4.5 Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede zwischen Berufs- und Hochschulbildung....................143 4.5 Berufsfeld Mechatronik .............................................................................................. 144 4.5.1 Der Ausbildungsberuf Mechatroniker/in.................................................................................144 4.5.2 Relevante Fortbildungen im gewerblich-technischen Bereich ...............................................146 4.5.3 Korrespondierende Bachelorstudiengänge im gewerblich-technischen Bereich...................150 4.5.4 Curriculumvergleich................................................................................................................152 4.5.5 Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede zwischen Berufs- und Hochschulbildung....................162 5 Datengestützte Untersuchungen zum Qualifikationsbedarf, zur Situation und zu Perspektiven für Erwerbstätige mit Ausbildungs- und Hochschulab- schluss in ausgewählten Berufsgruppen im Vergleich....................................165 5.1 Zielsetzung, Vorgehen und Methodik........................................................................ 165 5.2 Analyse des Qualifikationsbedarfs ............................................................................ 167 5.3 Vergleichende Analyse der Einkommens- und Entwicklungspotenziale für Berufsausbildungs- und Hochschulabsolventen in ausgewählten Berufsgruppen... 173 5.3.1 Datensatz und Aufbereitung originärer Beschäftigtendaten der BA ......................................173 5.3.2 Definition der Berufsgruppen .................................................................................................175 5.3.3 Definition der betrachteten Bildungsebenen ..........................................................................177 5.3.4 Analysedesign ........................................................................................................................177 5.3.5 Ergebnisse .............................................................................................................................178 ________________________________________________________________________________________ Abschlussbericht vom Dezember 2008 Seite 4 von 266 Institut der deutschen Wirtschaft Köln Chancen des dualen Systems ________________________________________________________________________________________ 5.4 Vergleichende Querschnittanalyse der Einkommenspotenziale für Erwerbstätige mit Berufs- und Hochschulabschluss in ausgewählten Berufsgruppen.................... 191 5.4.1 Datensatz und Aufbereitung der BIBB-/BAuA-Erwerbstätigenbefragung 2006.....................191 5.4.2 Definition der Berufsgruppen .................................................................................................192
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