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The Role of National Qualifications Systems in Promoting Lifelong Learning

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The Role of National Qualifications Systems in Promoting Lifelong Learning THE ROLE OF NATIONAL QUALIFICATIONS SYSTEMS IN PROMOTING LIFELONG LEARNING FIRST DRAFT OF THE INTERNATIONAL SYNTHESIS REPORT 08 July 2005 TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter 1 Using qualifications systems to advantage: Scope and structure of the international synthesis report............................................................................................................................................................... 5 1.1. Rationale for the activity...................................................................................................................... 5 1.2. Focus of this activity ............................................................................................................................ 6 1.3. An interactive and comparative process involving many countries and international organisations... 7 1.4. Structure of the International Synthesis Report ................................................................................. 10 References..................................................................................................................................................... 11 Chapter 2 Common language, common meaning: Assumptions, definition and concepts ....................... 13 2.1. Assumptions and evidence................................................................................................................. 13 2.2. The route toward agreed definitions of the concepts.......................................................................... 15 2.3. Effects on lifelong learning................................................................................................................ 22 2.4. The meaning and structure of mechanisms and policy responses...................................................... 24 References..................................................................................................................................................... 26 Annex 2.1 Components of a qualifications system .................................................................................... 27 Chapter 3 Making national qualifications systems deliver more: Economic, social and personal benefits and policy responses in terms of national qualifications systems................................................................. 29 3.1. Reasons for developing lifelong learning........................................................................................... 29 3.1. Qualifications systems: drivers for change ........................................................................................ 30 3.2. Responses to pressures for changes in qualifications system............................................................. 33 3.3. Issues related to using qualifications systems as a tool for reform .................................................... 47 In summary................................................................................................................................................ 48 References..................................................................................................................................................... 49 Annex 3.1 Synopsis of country qualifications systems and reform programmes....................................... 50 Chapter 4 Do the numbers tell a story? Quantitative evidence about the impact of national qualifications systems on lifelong learning ......................................................................................................................... 83 4.1. The quantitative background for linking national qualifications systems and lifelong learning........ 84 4.2. An attempt to relate national qualifications systems to lifelong learning .......................................... 94 4.3. Concluding remarks: setting a research agenda ................................................................................. 99 References................................................................................................................................................... 102 Annex 4.1 Assumption, caveats and technical notes................................................................................ 104 Annex 4.2 Additional Tables.................................................................................................................... 106 2 Annex 4.3 International Adult Literacy Survey Background Questionnaire............................................ 114 Chapter 5 Identifying mechanisms to promote lifelong learning? Analysis of the interaction between stakeholders and qualifications systems ..................................................................................................... 115 5.1. Some important considerations ........................................................................................................ 115 5.2. Motivating individuals to learn ........................................................................................................ 120 5.3. Encouraging employers to use and support learning........................................................................ 134 5.4. The qualifications system and the role of learning and qualifications providers ............................. 145 5.5. Mechanisms affecting behaviour...................................................................................................... 152 References................................................................................................................................................... 155 Chapter 6 Putting mechanisms to work: How mechanisms support policy responses............................ 159 6.1. Policy responses and mechanisms.................................................................................................... 159 6.2. Power and versatility of the mechanism........................................................................................... 169 6.3. Change mechanisms ..................................................................................................................... 173 References................................................................................................................................................... 174 Chapter 7 Linking qualifications systems and lifelong learning policy: Using mechanisms to review policy responses.......................................................................................................................................... 175 7.1. Qualification systems influence lifelong learning............................................................................ 175 7.2 Mechanisms in strategic combination ............................................................................................... 176 7.3. Examples of policy review – addressing two problems ................................................................... 177 7.4. Conclusions...................................................................................................................................... 181 References................................................................................................................................................... 183 Additional bibliography.............................................................................................................................. 184 Appendix A Summary reports of the three thematic groups..................................................................... 189 Products................................................................................................................................................... 190 1. Definitions of qualifications frameworks and qualifications systems................................................. 190 2. Features of qualifications framework models ..................................................................................... 190 3. Benefits of Qualifications Frameworks............................................................................................... 192 4. Scenarios for future development........................................................................................................ 194 5. The international dimension of the debate on qualification frameworks ............................................ 194 Development of the report....................................................................................................................... 195 Definitions............................................................................................................................................... 195 Policy Opportunities and Challenges ...................................................................................................... 195 Current Practices ..................................................................................................................................... 197 Barriers to the Recognition of Non-formal and Informal Learning ........................................................ 198 Addressing the Barriers – Developing Principles for Recognition Systems........................................... 198 Recommendations ................................................................................................................................... 199 1. Describing the content of work - an essential but problematic aspect of vocational qualifications.... 201 2. Development of qualifications - a complex socio-political process...................................................
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