EVERGREEN LOG

GOVERNOR’S GREETINGS SUMMER PICNIC

ime is passing with great rapidity and it seems that there is hardly enough time to finish all the projects that have to be done. We are completing the second year’s MARK YOUR CALENDAR! work on the Annual Roster and cleaning up most of the odds and ends to make it more professional and readable in its look. To that end David Wellman has done great yeoman work, and e are going back to the Party Barn at Thorp. Mark your we are most grateful for his help. calendar for Sunday, July 22. While in an appreciative mood, I wish also to thank those Be there Sunday, July 22 at 11am — The Springwood that for many reasons left the Board of Assistants this year. Ranch and party Bar. They are Jean Cooper, Margaret Downing, Joanne Ellsworth, Registration is on arrival as usual with buffet lunch at Richard Hancock,, Charles Harlow, Ruthanne Haight and Dr 1pm. Robert Lundeen. They all have been great supporters over the Guests are welcome so bring family and friends of all ages. years and will be missed. The ranch is about 1 1/2 hours from Seattle and about 2 1/2 Historian Wayne Gardner continues to bring in new from Spokane. members on a regular basis which contributes to the strength To get there take I-90 East to Exit 93, or West to exit 101 and of our organization. follow the directions to the ranch on Tanuem Road. Assistant Historian Katharine DeWitt has removed herself to the Board of Assistants after 10 years of good work and See you all there. passed over the reins to Catherine Roberti. Overall we are in great shape in all areas. We welcome all new members to the Washington Society and look forward to seeing you at the Picnic in July.

Best wishes to all.

Donald H Wingerson

Governor

PRELUDE TO THE PILGRIMS

efore the Pilgrims landed in Plymouth in 1620 there had been exploration of the New England coast and even one attempt at colonization. Some of the explorations are here described.

Giovanni Verrazzano was an Italian who sailed for French King Francis I in 1524 to seek the passage to Cathay, the same pas- sage to the East that Columbus had sought in l492. His ship, La Dauphine, landed at Cape Fear in the future state of North Carolina. He continued up the coast and anchored at the Narrows in New York Bay. Later he continued along the coast to where he discov- ered an island "about the bigness of the Island of Rhodes." This was actually Block Island, but in 1644 Cont’d on 8 2 EVERGREEN LOG - Summer 2001

EVERGREEN LOG A Publication of the Society of Editor's Corner Mayflower Descendants in the State of Washington.

Issued three times a year in February, June and October. Anyone with an extra copy of the Mayflower Quarterly Material received by the Editor less than thirty days prior to issue month can not be guaranteed inclusion in the current LOG. should give the Library Committee a call, as the Seattle main branch as well as your local city institution could use that copy EDITOR - Donald Wingerson in their stacks. Give Library Chair Juliana Brekke or one of the other Society of Mayflower Descendants committee members a call. Their names are listed in this in the State of Washington publication on page 3. Copyright © 2001

Supplemental Applications Approved WELCOME Camano Island - Kimberly A Winget: 11th from Stephen ABOARD Hopkins. Seattle - Juliana M Brekke: 12th from Richard Warren. new members Sumner - Barbara J McGhee: 10th from Thomas Rogers.

Anacortes Lakewood Mrs James F Johnson Mrs Lucille L Gehringer Mary L Maxwell Lucille Lawrence 11th From Stephen Hopkins 11th from Myles Standish

Bremerton Oak Harbor JUNIOR MEMBERS WELCOMED Mrs Linda R Lind Ralph C Buzzell Linda R Blain 12th from William White The Washington State Society is pleased to announce the 12th from William White following to Junior Member Status. Prosser Centralia Richard H Finch Alyssa L Bright - Ancestor, James Chilton - Sponsor, David Brett A Mitchell 10th from Samuel Fuller Lewis Morse. 11th from Henry Samson Redmond Stuart A Bright - Ancestor, James Chilton - Sponsor, David Fall City Arthur W Eshe Lewis Morse. Mrs Dawna R Foucht 11th from John Howland Lee T Bures - Ancestor, Stephen Hopkins - Sponsor, Loran Dawna R Brown Theodore Bures. 15th from Francis Cook Seattle McDonald W Sullivan Caslon R A Kahle - Ancestor, William Brewster - Sponsor, Federal Way 10th from William Brewster Brewster Kahle. Jonathur C Pinney Logan Q A Kahle - Ancestor, William Brewster - Sponsor, 11th from Myles Standish University Place Carl J Lizberg Brewster Kahle. Federal Way 13th from John Tilley Dillon F Snyder - Ancestor, John Howland - Sponsor, Myrtle Virgil L Pinney Verona Green Prohaska. 11th from Myles Standish Lena H Snyder - Ancestor, John Howland - Sponsor, Myrtle Verona Green Prohaska. Lake Forest Park Mrs Karen E Gerrard Claire A Wilken - Ancestor, Henry Samson - Sponsor, Karen E Jacobsen Jeanette Rene Cooper Mitchell. 13th from William Brewster Delbie A Wilken - Ancestor, Henry Samson - Sponsor, Jeanette Rene Cooper Mitchell. 3 EVERGREEN LOG - Summer 2001

BOARD NAMES WHAT’S THAT COMMITTEE CHAIRS AND MEMBERS SUPPOSED TO MEAN?

t the Board of Assistants meeting held in Seattle, April 21, the following were named to the Standing and Ad Hoc committees. STANDING To be RAINING CATS AND DOGS is a very old expres- Education - Virginia Sollitt, Chair; Gloria Swanson, John sion. Ancient Norse myths hold that cats were able to influ- Hall, Warren Stewart, Mel Dunn and Jan Mitchell. ence the weather and that the dog was a symbol of the wind. Finance - Glen Glaspey, Chair; Margaret Spangler, Charles So, "raining cats and dogs" came to be associated with severe Gates and Don Wingerson. rainstorms. Library - Juliana Brekke, Chair; Mavis Ratcliff, Virginia Sollitt, Luanne Green, Glen Glaspey and DickGreene. The LAST STRAW; the STRAW THAT BROKE THE Membership - Katharine DeWitt, Chair; Catherine Roberti, CAMELS BACK is an expression first used by Charles Dick- Dorothy McKillop and Wayne Gardner. ens in 1848: "The last straw breaks the laden camel's, Program - Luanne Green, Chair; Warren Stewart, Jim back." (Dombey & Son) it refers to the idea that although cam- Siburg, Juliana Brekke and Garth Borden. els can carry enormous weights, even the strongest will even- Publication - Don Wingerson, Chair; Margaret Hyre, tually collapse if it is overburdened. This idea is often applied David Wellman and Virginia Kaiser. to humans, as well. Sunshine - Gloria Swanson, Chair; Jim Siburg, Mavis Ratcliff, John Hall, Dorothy McKillop and Frances Walters. To KNOCK ON WOOD is a superstition that has persisted Ad Hoc for ages. In olden times, trees were believed to harbor Protec- Computer - David Wellman, Chair; John Hall, Virginia tive spirits. To rap on a tree was to call up the friendly spirit Kaiser and Don Wingerson. that lived there. It was believed that this spirit would then pro- Photographic - John Hall, Chair, Catherine Spedden, Garth tect one against impending bad luck. Borden and Dick Greene. Scrapbook - John Hall and Suzanne Albright To GET ONE'S GOAT means to annoy or irritate someone. Event Planning & Organizing - Margaret Spangler, Dick The saying refers to sneaky practices at the racetrack. Goats Greene, Don Wingerson, Frances Walters and members of the were often kept in the stalls with high-strung racehorses to Program Committee. keep the horses calm. If a goat was removed from a stall, the Historian’s History Award - Mavis Ratcliff, Chair; horse would become agitated and would not race well -- which Library Committee and Wayne Gardner. was quite annoying for anyone who bet on that particular horse.

To GET UP ON TIRE WRONG SIDE OF THE BED is believed to doom a person to a day of bad luck and a bad tem- per. This originates from the superstition that the left side is PILGRIM TRIVIA the "bad" side. So, getting out of bed on the left, or "wrong" side is said to be unlucky. Answers on page 6 To LET THE CAT OUT OF THE BAG is to reveal a secret. 1. How many passengers set sail from England on board the The saying goes back to olden times in England when crooked Mayflower, and how many arrived safely? merchants would put a cat in a sack and then tell buyers that it 2. Who was the child born on the Mayflower during the was a pig. When the buyers got home, they would "let the cat crossing? out of the bag" and discover that they had been cheated. 3. How many days did it take the Mayflower to cross the To HAVE BATS IN ONE'S BELFRY is sometimes used to Atlantic? describe a person who is slightly bonkers. It is thought to refer 4. Who was the first Pilgrim child born in New England to bats that inhabit a belfry or bell tower. When the bell after the ship arrived? sounds, the bats fly around wildly, just as peculiar ideas might fly around in a deranged person’s mind. 5. Who was Plymouth Colony’s first governor? Courtesy the Oregon Pilgrim 6. How many Pilgrims survived the first winter 1620-1621? 7. Who were the first Pilgrims to be married in Plymouth? 4 EVERGREEN LOG - Summer 2001

SECRETARY’S REPORT -— CALENDAR ANNUAL MEETING - MARCH ’01 Tentative Schedule of Meetings: Time and Place to be Announced Submitted by Acting Recording Secretary Gloria Swanson 2001 he annual meeting was held Sunday, March 28, 2001, at 1:30 p.m.at the July 07 Sat, Board of Assistants Tacoma Club, Tacoma. Governor Donald Wingerson called the meeting to Seattle order by introducing those seated at the head table. July 22 Sun, Annual Summer Picnic Following the Invocation given by Elder Frances Walters and the Pledge Location to be selected to the Flag of the United States led by Captain Garth Borden, Captain Borden then commenced introduction of guests. Visiting each table in turn with a mobile October 06, Sat, Board of Assistants “mic” members introduced themselves and their guests. Seattle

Ancestor Roll Call was called by Corresponding Secretary Margaret Hyre November 11, Sun, Compact Day assisted by the governor. Ten members represented Richard Warren from a total of Seattle - Location to be selected 53 members present. In the absence of Recording Secretary, Jean Cooper, Gloria Swanson read the 2002 minutes of the Compact Day Meeting held in November. One correction was February 23, Sat, Board of Assistants given. Kelsey Kay Griffin is a great-grand-daughter of Elder Frances Walters. Seattle Minutes were approved as corrected. Luncheon was then served. Governor Don Wingerson announced that a State Historian replacement for March 17, Sun, Annual Meeting Wayne Gardner was still needed and asked for interested parties to contact the Tacoma - Tacoma Club corresponding secretary or other officers. April 20, Sat, Board of Assistants The governor stated that the society was doing well; Deputy Governor Dick Seattle Greene reporting for the absent Assistant Historian Katharine DeWitt introduced Junior Member Adrian Matthews who has attended many of the Mayflower July 06, Sat, Board of Assistants Society meetings. Greene reported nine new Juniors added to the junior list. They Seattle were Dillon Snyder, Lena Snyder, Alyssa Bright, Stuart Bright, Delbie Wilken, July 21, Sun, Annual Summer Picnic Claire Wilken, Caslon Kahle and Logan Kahle. (for more information see page 2, Seattle - Location to be selected Juniors Welcomed) October 05, Sat, Board of Assistants In a note, Katharine DeWitt reported that Junior applications were available and Seattle asked that any completed application be accompanied by a state issued birth certificate, $10.00 fee and all sent to the new Junior Chair, Catherine Roberti. November 17, Sun, Compact Day Treasurer Margaret Spangler reported the following bank balances as of Seattle - Location to be selected December 31, 2000: Checking Account $1,136.47, Liquid CD $18,466.56, for a total balance of $19,603.03. 2003

Treasurer Margaret Spangler then presented a revision to the BY-IAW February 22, Sat, Board of Assistants pertaining to life membership in the State Society (as mailed to members prior to Seattle this meeting). The revision read as follows: "The Life membership funds are to be separately March 23, Sun, Annual Meeting maintained, the income from which may be transferred to the General Account to Tacoma - Tacoma Club help defray the expenses of the Life Members." April 19, Sat, Board of Assistants It was moved by Treasurer Spangler that the revision of this BY- LAW, Article Seattle Xlll, Section 3, be adopted. Margaret Hyre seconded the motion. The motion July 05, Sat, Board of Assistants carried and the revision was thus adopted. Seattle Historian Wayne Gardner reported five new members and one transfer. They were Richard Finch, Arthur Eshe, Carl Lizberg, Brett Mitchell, Dawna Foucht and Donald Moore (see Welcome Aboard for more information on these and those elected at the April 21st Board Meeting – please note that Donald Moore was and Mrs Ray E Girod (Loree E Sliffe) welcomed in the Winter Newsletter). Supplemental Applications were approved Tacoma, WA, Feb 9, 2001. for Kimberly Winget and Barbara McGhee. Under Old Business: Ruthame Haight New members present, Carl Lizberg and Brett Mitchell, were then introduced by Program Chair reported that the Summer Wayne Gardner and welcomed by Don Wingerson. Corresponding Secretary Picnic would again be held at Springwood Margaret Hyre presented the two with membership certificates and information Ranch in Thorp and invited all to bring packets. everyone. Continuing with reports Elder Frances Walters reported three deceased Gov Wingerson introduced the members. They were Mrs H J Socolofsky (Margaret Mumaw) Lacey, WA, May Nominating Committee Chair, Gloria 20, 1999; Mrs Milton Johnson (Grace L Hayes) Nine Mile Falls, Wa, Oct 4, 2000 Swanson, who in turn Cont’d on 7 5 EVERGREEN LOG - Summer 2001

State Officers Elected 2001-2002 The following slate of officers was elected at the Annual Spring Meeting, March 25, 2001, held at the Tacoma Club, Tacoma. Also included are Ex Officio past Governor and book report General Society Officers. by Jean Cooper

OFFICERS THE TIMES OF THEIR LIVES SOCIETY OF MAYFLOWER DESCENDANTS Life, Love, and Death in Plymouth Colony IN THE STATE OF WASHINGTON hen James Deetz first came to the newly recreated GOVERNOR "Plimoth Plantation" in 1959, he was 'confronted by a Donald Wingerson...... Seattle post-card-perfect picture." Five houses had been con- DEPUTY GOVERNOR structed by contractors, 19 more house lots staked out, the fort- Richard Greene...... Seattle meeting house moved from the waterfront to the village, all RECORDING SECRETARY enclosed by a palisades which carried metal signs that read Jan Mitchell...... …...... Centralia "Walpole Fence Co." Inside grass was neatly mowed, houses CORRESPONDING SECRETARY were surrounded by "tidy herb gardens in raised beds," and Margaret Hyre...... Seattle outside each house was a wooden sign with names of occu- pants printed on it. Inside guides and hostesses wore "spotless TREASURER Margaret Spangler...... Tacoma polyester clothing modeled more on 19th century paintings of the 'Pilgrims' than on contemporary knowledge of 17th century HISTORIAN clothes." There were a few demonstrations such as candle- Wayne Gardner...... East Wenatchee dipping, and static exhibits like the meeting house filled with ASSISTANT HISTORIAN worshiping mannequins, and another showing Myles Standish Catherine Roberti...... ………....Seattle trading in furs with a local Wampanoag. The houses were fur- ELDER nished with 17th century antiques brought from England, and Frances Walters...... Seattle modern velvet ropes to keep visitors in line as they passed CAPTAIN through. Garth Borden...... Grayland The authors of The Times of Their Lives: Life, Love, and Death in Plymouth Colony, James Deetz and Patricia Scott SURGEON Dr C Melbern Dunn III...... …...... Newcastle Deetz, tell the fascinating story of changes made after his ap- pointment as assistant director charged with creating an au- BOARD OF ASSISTANTS thentic reproduction. “The basic premise that underlay all of Juliana Brekke...... Seatttle Katherine DeWitt...... Mercer Island the proposed changes was that if visitors were made to believe Glen Glaspey...... …………..Seattle that they were entering the world of 1627 there should be noth- Luanne Green...... Puyallup ing present there that would not have been there at that time. John Hall...... Auburn This was radical and innovative thinking, new to existing con- Virginia Kaiser...... Kirkland Dorothy McKillop...... Seattle cepts of outdoor museum presentations, and resulted in the re- Mavis Ratcliff...... Freeland moval of a large number of items that were part of the ex- Jim Siburg...... …...... Des Moines hibit.” Virginia Sollitt...... Redmond The research by Deetz, over the 11 years he supervised the Catherine Spedden...... …...... Bothell Warren Stewart………………………………………….. …………...Kent project, as described in this fascinating new book, has resulted Gloria Swanson…...... …..Woodinville in the authentic village which tourists and Mayflower descen- David Wellman...... Olympia dants visit today, observing the daily activity carried on by role Charles W Gates II, Ex Officio...... Bainbridge Island players trained to speak the regional dialect of their particular English personage, dressed in authentic colorful linen and GENERAL SOCIETY DEPUTY GOVERNOR GENERAL - WASHINGTON wool costumes, and having no knowledge of events after 1627. Rather than using outside contractors, impersonators have con- Frank Moffett...... Olympia structed timber-framed buildings, using methods and tools of ASSISTANT GENERAL - WASHINGTON the 17th century. Charles W Gates II...... Bainbridge Island Dr. Deetz, now professor of historical archaeology at the University of Virginia, and his wife, a researcher in the univer- sity's department of anthropology, present a factual and fasci- nating account of their research: using trial Cont’d on 6 6 EVERGREEN LOG - Summer 2001

THE FAMILY SOCIETIES Answers to Pilgrim Trivia on page 3 In addition to the General Society of Mayflower Descendants, a number of Family Societies have been organized to honor and perpetuate the memory of specific Pilgrim ancestors. The following are current verified addresses for those Societies as annually provided by Robert Tatem, of the New Jersey Society of Mayflower Descendants. 1. 102 passengers sailed from Plymouth, England, and 102 arrived in New England. One passenger, a servant of Dea- The Alden Kindred of America, Inc con Samuel Fuller died, and one child was born at sea. Charles Coombs, Director P O Box 2754 2. Oceanus, son of Stephen and Elizabeth Hopkins. Duxbury MA 02331 3. The Mayflower crossing took 66 days. The Billington Family Society Carl Anderson III 4. Peregrine White, son of William and Susanna White. 3107 Holland Street Erie, Pa 16504 5. John Carver was elected governor in November 1620. The Governor William Bradford Compact Mrs L W Pogue 6. Of the 102 that arrived, 51 survived. Only four of the 5204 Kenwood Avenue married women survived: Elizabeth Hopkins, Eleanor Chevy Chase, MD 20815-6604 Billington, Susanna White and Mary Brewster. Whese women along with the older girls prepared the feast. The Elder William Brewster Society Ina R Mish, Secretary & Membership 7. Edward Winslow and Susanna White, both widowed dur- P O Box 1245 ing the first winter. They were married in a civil Cere- East Orleans, MA 02643 mony, as was the Pilgrim custom, on May 12, 1621. The Pilgrim Edward Doty Society Mary Lee Merrill, Membership Chairman 514 Martin Point Road Friendship, ME 04547-4343 book report — cont’d from 5 The Fuller Society transcripts, personal accounts, wills, and probate records, as Same contact as the Pilgrim Edward Doty Society well as physical artifacts like shards and spoons, they bring our Mayflower ancestors to life. The Pilgrim John Howland Society Beginning with a description of that first "thanksgiving" as Mrs Bernard J Elfring, Registrar it probably happened--a "harvest home" celebration where na- 365 North Road tives outnumbered "Pilgrims," they describe the beginnings of Yarmouth, ME 04096 the Separatist movement and its persecution after James I be- Thomas Rogers Society, Inc came king, the years in Leiden, coming to the new world and Tracy A Crocker, Sr, President settling on Cape Cod Bay. 14115 41st Avenue North Using an "historical ethnographic approach," they devote Plymouth, MN 55446-3824 chapters to "glimpses of the cultural world;" folklore supersti- tions and belief in the supernatural that co-existed with their Soule Kindred In America, Inc religious faith which led to witchcraft trials; the "neighborly" Betty J Haner, Treasurer watch for evidence of sexual misconduct, considered a crime; 53 New Shaker Road probate inventories that help us reconstruct that early past, and Albany, NY 12205-3615 of course evidence from archaeological digs. "In the process," The Warren Cousins notes the dust jacket, “they blow the dust off the dull, wooden Elsie D Buffum figures of tradition and show the Plymouth colonists as vibrant 145 New Meadow Road people who lived out complex and colorful lives in a world Barrington, RI 02806 profoundly different from our own." (Warren) Descendants of Robert Bartlett Published by W. H. Freeman and Co., New York, 2000, Robert B Freeland $24.95 at your local book seller. P O Box 466 Manomet, MA 02345 7 EVERGREEN LOG - Summer 2001

THANKS — FROM THE GENERAL SOCIETY In Memoriam A note from Marlin W Brossart, Treasurer General regarding a recent Board donation.

Hearts be free, and Spirits blessed. On behalf of the General Society I would like to thank the Washington Society of Mayflower De- scendants for its donation of $100.00 to the General Society. Your donation we be allocated to the Li- Mrs. Ray Elton Girod #1042 brary Fund as you requested. Lorree E Sliffe Your donation will also be acknowledged in the 12 February 2001 Mayflower Quarterly. We appreciate your continued support of the Society. It is through the generosity of Societies, Colonies, members, and friends that we are able to carry out our many projects. The Library is a very important part of our Society. It helps us to gain new members as well as providing a service to our existing mem- bers and Historians. Again, my sincere thanks to the Washington So- ciey for this donation.

Signed, Marlin W Brossart, Treasurer General. Secretary’s Report — Cont’d from 4 introduced other members of the committee. They were Glen Glaspey, John Hall, Mavis Ratcliff, Jim Siburg,and Virginia Sollitt. Gloria presented a list of the proposed Officers and Board of Assistants. (see page 6) Governor Wingerson then introduced the candidates for 8870 - THE MAGIC Officers and the Board of Assistants. The Governor then called for further nominations from the floor. There were none. Ballots were passed out and NUMBER tellers appointed. They were Charles Harlow, John Hall, and David Wellman. Following the count, the tellers returned with a report that the In your genealogy research do you continuously slate had passed with 44 votes for the selected slate of the nominating run across a person’s date of death and age at death, committee. especially on a tombstone. The vote tally completed the main business of the meeting which allowed Do you ever wish you had their actual birth date Deputy Governor Dick Greene to introduce the speaker, Dr Patricia M M instead? Stanford, Governor of the California Society. Well, if you can remember the magic number Dr Stanford gave a brief history of her life and career -- she had been a 8870, you can easily compute that information — registered nurse, stated she had traced her family line and found 16 lines to even without a calculator. Mayflower ancestors. In her talk Dr Stanford spoke of relationships with the Indians, some Let’s suppose your ancestor died on good and some bad. It was noted that several Pilgrims were captured by May 06, 1889 Indians, but also that the Indians taught the pilgrims to plant and to rotate Aged 71 years, 7 months, 9 days crops. Their gardens were planted and planned for sickness and food. Medicinal herbs were very important. The Pilgrims had strong convictions Write the year, month, day as 18890506 and family loyalty. She recalled that only the men signed the Mayflower Subtract the age at death - 710709 Compact. They had to learn to build shelter under difficult circumstances. This leaves the figure 18179797 The only doctor, Dr Samuel Fuller, was overworked and many did die. Now subtract the magic # - 8870 They had a spirit of giving to one another. The pattern of liberty was Your ancestors birth date is 18170927 formed; the cradle of liberty built. Following Dr Stanford’s talk, Governor Wingerson presented her a Year 1817, 9th Month, 27th day Mayflower Certificate of Appreciation, a bouquet of flowers and a Mayflower silver book mark. From the Texas Society as adapted from Platte Co, Governor Wingerson expressed appreciation to Cont’d on 8 Mo Historical/Genealogical Society. 8 EVERGREEN LOG - Summer 2001

More farsighted than Francis I, Elizabeth I of England granted to Sir Humphrey Gilbert the power to establish a col- ony, but nothing came of it. In 1602 Bartholmew Gosnold, financed by British merchants, landed at Cape Cod and named it for the abundance of cod. He sailed on to Martha's Vineyard and the Elizabeth Islands, both of which he named. A half- hearted effort was made to settle on Cuttyhunk Island where a fort was built. However, quarrels among his men and their suspicions of the Indians ended the attempt. They sailed back to England with a ship load of sassafras, "a plant of sovereigns vertue for the French Poxe and good against the Plague." Gosnold's profitable cargo of sassafras inspired another English captain, Martin Pring, to sail two ships, Speedwell and Discovery, down the coast of Maine to look for sassafras, but none was found. He continued down along the coast to dis- cover Plymouth Bay where an abundance of sassafras grew on the shores. His journal notes that wheat, barley, oats and peas were planted, and that game was plentiful. He and his crew spent the summer of 1603 in the Plymouth area and in October loaded the ships with sassafras and returned to England. In June of 1607 a party of 120 settlers sailed from England in two boats, Gift of God, and Mary and John, to start a colony in Maine. The leaders were Captains Raleigh Gilbert and George Popham. On August 17th they arrived at the mouth of the Sagadahoc River, now known as the Kennebec River. On August l9th they went ashore in the area of Popham Beach and "made a choice of their plantation, and where they had a ser- mon delivered unto them by their preacher; and after the ser- mon the president's commission was read with the laws to be observed and kept." The next day they began to build a fort named Fort George, and a storehouse. In October the Mary and John returned to England to report their safe arrival and give the needs of the colony for the next year. However, the winter of 1607-08 was extremely severe, their storehouse burned, and Captain George Popham died. When the supply ship arrived in the spring of 1608, the settlers voted to abandon the wilderness of Maine and return to England.

Sources: Henry Howe: Prologue to New England, - and Prelude to the Pilgrims — Cont’d from 1 Samuel Eliot Morison: The European Discovery of America Roger Williams, founder of Rhode Island, gave the whole state and The Northern Voyages. the name. Verrazzano continued into Newport where he en- countered the friendly Wampanoag Indians. His men explored Pawtucket and noted fertile soil, woods of oak and walnut, and many deer. After a fortnight they continued along the coast Secretary’s Report — Cont’d from 7 until they arrived at Casco Bay, Maine. There the Abanki In- Margaret Spangler for handling the arrangements with the dians were hostile and Verrazzano called the coast Terra Onde Tacoma Club, announced the Board of Assistants meeting April di Mala Gente (Land of the Bad People). He sailed along the 21 at the College Club and the Summer Picnic at Springwood Maine coast and noted its good harbors. When he returned to Ranch, Thorp, July 22. France, he tried to persuade Francis I that his discoveries along Benediction was then given by Elder Frances Walters and the the coast were of importance to France, but to no avail. meeting adjourned.

acknowledgment is made to the following publications for material used. New York Newsletter The Back Page California Mayflower Oregon Pilgrim