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The Position of Secretary of Defense: Statutory Restrictions and Civilian-Military Relations
The Position of Secretary of Defense: Statutory Restrictions and Civilian-Military Relations Updated January 6, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44725 Position of Secretary of Defense: Statutory Restrictions and Civilian-Military Relations Summary The position of Secretary of Defense is unique within the United States government; it is one of two civilian positions within the military chain of command, although unlike the President, the Secretary of Defense is not elected. Section 113 of the United States Code states that the Secretary of Defense is to be “appointed from civilian life by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate.” The section goes on to elaborate a key mechanism by which civilian control of the armed forces is maintained: A person may not be appointed as Secretary of Defense within seven years after relief from active duty as a commissioned officer of a regular component of an armed force. The proposed nomination of General (Ret.) Lloyd Austin, United States Army, who retired from the military in 2016, to be Secretary of Defense may lead both houses of Congress to consider whether and how to suspend, change, or remove that provision. This provision was originally contained in the 1947 National Security Act (P.L. 80-253), which mandated that 10 years pass between the time an officer is relieved from active duty and when he or she could be appointed to the office of the Secretary of Defense. In 2007, Section 903 of the FY2008 National Defense Authorization Act (P.L. 110-181), Congress changed the period of time that must elapse between relief from active duty and appointment to the position of Secretary of Defense to seven years. -
UNIVERSITY of CALIFORNIA SAN DIEGO U.S. Government Institutions and the Economy a Dissertation Submitted in Partial Satisfaction
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SAN DIEGO U.S. Government Institutions and the Economy A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Economics by Grant Erik Johnson Committee in charge: Professor Julie Berry Cullen, Co-Chair Professor Valerie Ramey, Co-Chair Professor Jeffrey Clemens Professor Zoltan Hajnal Professor Thad Kousser 2018 Copyright Grant Erik Johnson, 2018 All rights reserved. The Dissertation of Grant Erik Johnson is approved and is acceptable in quality and form for publication on microfilm and electronically: Co-Chair Co-Chair University of California San Diego 2018 iii DEDICATION To my parents, Kirk and Amy. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Signature Page . iii Dedication . iv Table of Contents . v List of Figures . vii List of Tables . ix Acknowledgements . xi Vita........................................................................ xiii Abstract of the Dissertation . xiv Chapter 1 Procuring Pork: Contract Characteristics and Channels of Influence . 1 1.1 Introduction . 2 1.2 Background . 7 1.3 Contract Concentration Index . 11 1.4 Data and Descriptive Statistics . 15 1.5 Empirical Framework . 17 1.6 Results . 19 1.6.1 Identification . 19 1.6.2 Baseline . 23 1.6.3 Own-Jursidiction vs. Other Procurement Spending . 24 1.7 Conclusion . 26 Chapter 2 Institutional Determinants of Municipal Fiscal Dynamics . 29 2.1 Introduction . 30 2.2 Background . 32 2.2.1 Municipal Governments . 32 2.2.2 Tax and Expenditure Limitations (TELs) . 35 2.3 Data................................................................ 37 2.3.1 Shock Construction . 37 2.3.2 Descriptive Statistics . 39 2.4 Empirical Strategy . 41 2.5 Results . 42 2.5.1 Main Results . -
Richard Russell, the Senate Armed Services Committee & Oversight of America’S Defense, 1955-1968
BALANCING CONSENSUS, CONSENT, AND COMPETENCE: RICHARD RUSSELL, THE SENATE ARMED SERVICES COMMITTEE & OVERSIGHT OF AMERICA’S DEFENSE, 1955-1968 DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Joshua E. Klimas, M.A. * * * * * The Ohio State University 2007 Dissertation Committee: Approved by Professor David Stebenne, Advisor Professor John Guilmartin Advisor Professor James Bartholomew History Graduate Program ABSTRACT This study examines Congress’s role in defense policy-making between 1955 and 1968, with particular focus on the Senate Armed Services Committee (SASC), its most prominent and influential members, and the evolving defense authorization process. The consensus view holds that, between World War II and the drawdown of the Vietnam War, the defense oversight committees showed acute deference to Defense Department legislative and budget requests. At the same time, they enforced closed oversight procedures that effectively blocked less “pro-defense” members from influencing the policy-making process. Although true at an aggregate level, this understanding is incomplete. It ignores the significant evolution to Armed Services Committee oversight practices that began in the latter half of 1950s, and it fails to adequately explore the motivations of the few members who decisively shaped the process. SASC chairman Richard Russell (D-GA) dominated Senate deliberations on defense policy. Relying only on input from a few key colleagues – particularly his protégé and eventual successor, John Stennis (D-MS) – Russell for the better part of two decades decided almost in isolation how the Senate would act to oversee the nation’s defense. -
Reproductions Supplied by EDRS Are the Best That Can Be Made from the Ori Inal Document. SCHOOL- CHOICE
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 460 188 UD 034 633 AUTHOR Moffit, Robert E., Ed.; Garrett, Jennifer J., Ed.; Smith, Janice A., Ed. TITLE School Choice 2001: What's Happening in the States. INSTITUTION Heritage Foundation, Washington, DC. ISBN ISBN-0-89195-100-8 PUB DATE 2001-00-00 NOTE 275p.; For the 2000 report, see ED 440 193. Foreword by Howard Fuller. AVAILABLE FROM Heritage Foundation, 214 Massachusetts Avenue, N.E., Washington, DC 20002-4999 ($12.95). Tel: 800-544-4843 (Toll Free). For full text: http://www.heritage.org/schools/. PUB TYPE Books (010) Reports Descriptive (141) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC11 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *Academic Achievement; Charter Schools; Educational Vouchers; Elementary Secondary Education; Private Schools; Public Schools; Scholarship Funds; *School Choice ABSTRACT This publication tracks U.S. school choice efforts, examining research on their results. It includes: current publicschool data on expenditures, schools, and teachers for 2000-01 from a report by the National Education Association; a link to the states'own report cards on how their schools are performing; current private school informationfrom a 2001 report by the National Center for Education Statistics; state rankingson the new Education Freedom Index by the Manhattan Institute in 2000; current National Assessment of Educational Progress test results releasedin 2001; and updates on legislative activity through mid-July 2001. Afterdiscussing ways to increase opportunities for children to succeed, researchon school choice, and public opinion, a set of maps and tables offera snapshot of choice in the states. The bulk of the book containsa state-by-state analysis that examines school choice status; K-12 public schools andstudents; K-12 public school teachers; K-12 public and private school studentacademic performance; background and developments; position of the governor/composition of the state legislature; and statecontacts. -
June 7, 2006 the Honorable Alberto R. Gonzales Attorney General U.S. Department of Justice 950 Pennsylvania Avenue NW Washington
June 7, 2006 The Honorable Alberto R. Gonzales Attorney General U.S. Department of Justice 950 Pennsylvania Avenue NW Washington, DC 20530 Dear Attorney General Gonzales: Democracy 21 believes it is essential that you take all steps necessary to ensure that there is no political interference with the criminal investigations being conducted by the Public Integrity Section of the Justice Department and by U.S. Attorney offices in California concerning political corruption and potential criminal conduct by members of Congress. We strongly urge you to provide assurances to the public, and to the government prosecutors handling these cases, that you will not allow any political interference in these matters. These criminal investigations must be pursued wherever they lead, regardless of any political pressures that might be applied by members of Congress or others to influence the cases. Our concerns about possible political interference in these matters have only been heightened by the reactions of House Judiciary Committee Chairman James Sensenbrenner (R-WI) and other House leaders to the Justice Department’s obtaining of records from the congressional office of Representative William Jefferson (D-LA), pursuant to a court-approved search warrant. Regardless of the constitutional issues that may or may not be involved in the search of Representative Jefferson’s office, the overreactions of Chairman Sensenbrenner and other House members to the execution of a court-approved search warrant has raised concerns that enforcement officials are being warned to stay away from investigations involving members of Congress. This has occurred at a time, furthermore, when the Public Integrity Section’s investigation into the Jack Abramoff corruption scandals has reached a critical stage. -
MICROCOMP Output File
FINAL EDITION OFFICIAL LIST OF MEMBERS OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of the UNITED STATES AND THEIR PLACES OF RESIDENCE ONE HUNDRED SIXTH CONGRESS . JANUARY 4, 2001 Compiled by JEFF TRANDAHL, Clerk of the House of Representatives http://clerk.house.gov Republicans in roman (222); Democrats in italic (208); Independents in SMALL CAPS (2); vacancies (3) 1st VA, 4th MN, 32d CA; total 435. The number preceding the name is the Member’s district. ALABAMA 1 Sonny Callahan ........................................... Mobile 2 Terry Everett ............................................... Enterprise 3 Bob Riley ..................................................... Ashland 4 Robert B. Aderholt ...................................... Haleyville 5 Robert E. (Bud) Cramer, Jr. ........................ Huntsville 6 Spencer Bachus ........................................... Vestavia Hills 7 Earl F. Hilliard ........................................... Birmingham ALASKA AT LARGE Don Young ................................................... Fort Yukon ARIZONA 1 Matt Salmon ................................................ Mesa 2 Ed Pastor ..................................................... Phoenix 3 Bob Stump ................................................... Tolleson 4 John B. Shadegg .......................................... Phoenix 5 Jim Kolbe ..................................................... Tucson 6 J. D. Hayworth ............................................ Scottsdale ARKANSAS 1 Marion Berry ............................................... Gillett -
051205 Congress Reform
SPECIAL PRESENTATION “A PROPOSAL TO MAKE CONGRESS WORK AGAIN: A PANEL DISCUSSION ON PROPOSED CHANGES IN THE RULES AND PROCEDURES OF THE U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES” MODERATOR: SCOTT LILLY, SENIOR FELLOW, CENTER FOR AMERICAN PROGRESS FEATURING: REP. DAVID OBEY, (D-WI), RANKING MEMBER, COMMITTEE ON APPROPRIATIONS REP. BARNEY FRANK, (D-MA), RANKING MEMBER, COMMITTEE ON FINANCIAL SERVICES REP. DAVID PRICE, (D-NC), MEMBER, COMMITTEE ON APPROPRIATIONS REP. TOM ALLEN, (D-ME), MEMBER, COMMITTEE ON ENERGY AND COMMERCE NORM ORNSTEIN, RESIDENT SCHOLAR, AMERICAN ENTERPRISE INSTITUTE; COAUTHOR, BROKEN BRANCH 12:00 PM – 1:30 PM MONDAY, DECEMBER 05, 2005 TRANSCRIPT PROVIDED BY DC TRANSCRIPTION & MEDIA REPURPOSING JOHN PODESTA: (In progress) – Center for American Progress. And I want to welcome you here for the presentation of “A Proposal to Make Congress Work Again.” I want to begin by welcoming our panelists. We’re joined, in addition to our senior fellow, Scott Lilly, by Congressman David Obey, Congressman Barney Frank, Congressman David Price, Congressman Tom Allen, and Norm Ornstein. I think that people on both sides of the aisle will join me in saying, in addition to these senior members and Norm, these are people who care about Congress, who care about the House, who indeed care about our democracy. And I think, as the title of this panel implies, “Making Congress Work Again” – I think it is clear that things on Capitol Hill, and I think particularly in the House of Representatives, have gotten seriously off-track. That’s why I think this package that these senior members have pulled together is so vital. -
Extensions of Remarks
April 26, 1990 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 8535 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS BENEFITS OF AUTOMATION First-class mail delivery performance was "The mail is not coming in here so we ELUDE POSTAL SERVICE at a five-year low last year, and complaints have to slow down," to avoid looking idle, about late mail rose last summer by 35 per said C. J. Roux, a postal clerk. "We don't cent, despite a sluggish 1 percent growth in want to work ourselves out of a job." HON. NEWT GINGRICH mall volume. The transfer infuriated some longtime OF GEORGIA Automation was to be the service's hope employees, who had thought that they IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES for a turnaround. But efforts to automate would be protected in desirable jobs because have been plagued by poor management and of their seniority. Thursday, April 26, 1990 planning, costly changes of direction, inter "They shuffled me away like an old piece Mr. GINGRICH. Mr. Speaker, as we look at nal scandal and an inability to achieve the of furniture," said Alvin Coulon, a 27-year the Postal Service's proposals to raise rates paramount goal of moving the mall with veteran of the post office and one of those and cut services, I would encourage my col fewer people. transferred to the midnight shift in New Or With 822 new sorting machines like the leans. "No body knew nothing" about the leagues to read the attached article from the one in New Orleans installed across the Washington Post on the problems of innova change. "Nobody can do nothing about it," country in the last two years, the post of he said. -
Thirteen Ways of Looking at Election Lies
University of Colorado Law School Colorado Law Scholarly Commons Articles Colorado Law Faculty Scholarship 2018 (At Least) Thirteen Ways of Looking at Election Lies Helen Norton University of Colorado Law School Follow this and additional works at: https://scholar.law.colorado.edu/articles Part of the Business Organizations Law Commons, Election Law Commons, First Amendment Commons, Judges Commons, Legal Ethics and Professional Responsibility Commons, Science and Technology Law Commons, and the Supreme Court of the United States Commons Citation Information Helen Norton, (At Least) Thirteen Ways of Looking at Election Lies, 71 OKLA. L. REV. 117 (2018), available at https://scholar.law.colorado.edu/articles/1182. Copyright Statement Copyright protected. Use of materials from this collection beyond the exceptions provided for in the Fair Use and Educational Use clauses of the U.S. Copyright Law may violate federal law. Permission to publish or reproduce is required. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Colorado Law Faculty Scholarship at Colorado Law Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Articles by an authorized administrator of Colorado Law Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. (AT LEAST) THIRTEEN WAYS OF LOOKING AT ELECTION LIES* HELEN NORTON** Lies take many forms. Because lies vary so greatly in their motivations and consequences (among many other qualities), philosophers have long sought to catalog them to help make sense of their diversity and complexity. Augustine and Aquinas, for instance, separately proposed moral hierarchies of lies based on their differing assessments of certain lies’ relative harm and value.1 Legal scholars too have classified lies in various ways to explain why we punish some and protect others.2 * See WALLACE STEVENS, Thirteen Ways of Looking at a Blackbird, in THE COLLECTED POEMS OF WALLACE STEVENS 99 (Vintage Int’l 2015) (1954). -
The 15 Most Corrupt Members of Congress Featuring
CREW’S MOST THE 15 MOST CORRUPT MEMBERS OF CONGRESS FEATURING A Project of TABLE OF CONTENTS ______________________________________________________________________________ Executive Summary.........................................................................................................................1 Methodology....................................................................................................................................2 The Violators A. Members of the House.............................................................................................3 I. Vern Buchanan (R-FL) ...............................................................................4 II. Ken Calvert (R-CA).....................................................................................9 III. Nathan Deal (R-GA)..................................................................................18 IV. Jesse Jackson, Jr. (D-IL)............................................................................24 V. Jerry Lewis (R-CA)...................................................................................27 VI. Alan Mollohan (D-WV).............................................................................44 VII. John Murtha (D-PA)..................................................................................64 VIII. Charles Rangel (D-NY).............................................................................94 IX. Laura Richardson (D-CA).......................................................................110 X. Pete Visclosky -
July 22, 1983, Dear Mr. Mcdaniel
- .. THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON July 22, 1983, Dear Mr. McDaniel: I want to thank you for sending a copy of Building on Yesterday, Becoming To morrow: The Washington Hospital Center's First 25 Years to Mr. Deaver for his perusal. He is traveling out of the country at present, but I know that he will enjoy looking at it upon his return. Again, thank you for your thoughtfulness. Sincerely, Donna L. Blume Staff Assistant to Michael K. Deaver Mr. John McDaniel President The Washington Hospital Center 110 Irving Street, N.W. Washington, D. C. 20010 [ I THE WASHINGTON HOSPITAL CENTER II II II II July 14, 1983 Michael K. Deaver Deputy Chief of Staff Asst. to President 1600 Pennsylvania Ave., N.W. Washington, D.C. 20500 Dear Mr. Deaver: Enclosed you will find a copy of Building on Yesterday, Becoming Tomorrow: The Washington Hospital Center's First 25 Years. The hospital's history is significant in its own right because it was a struggle to provide Washington with the hospital people had been clamoring for. It was a response to the concern reflected in a 1946 Washington Post story headline which said, "District's Hospital 'Worst' in U.S., Medical Board Finds". It also seems that The Washington Hospital Center's history mirrors the history of the period which brought dramatic changes in America's approach to patient care and hospital management. Now, health care providers and managers find themselves in a new era which demands innovative strategies and financial skills that would challenge the best of the Fortune 500 scientists and executives. -
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD— Extensions of Remarks E583 HON
April 13, 2000 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD Ð Extensions of Remarks E583 TAX LIMITATION CONSTITUTIONAL Burks Via was born in Roanoke, VA, June an incisive mind, integrity, common sense, AMENDMENT 7, 1917. He joined the Marine Corps on his and a full measure of compassion. His career birthday in 1938. After the Royal Canadian Air marks a time of great change in San Diego, HON. CASS BALLENGER Force trained him as a pilot, he flew missions from its past as a quiet Navy town, to its OF NORTH CAROLINA in the South PacificÐ207 from American present as a dynamic multicultural high-tech IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Samoa and 40 from Munda, Bougaineville, community. Thursday, April 13, 2000 and Guadalcanal. He is survived by his wife, Martha Via piloted the first Marine Corps aircraft to Monagan-Hart, his three children, and three Mr. BALLENGER. Mr. Speaker, I am land in Hong Kong after end of World War II. grandchildren. Our thoughts and prayers go pleased to be a cosponsor of the Tax Limita- As the United States worked for post-war out to the family of the late Judge Edward J. tion Amendment 2000 (H.J. Res. 94), intro- peace and stability in Asia, he served with the Schwartz. He will truly be missed. duced by our Republican colleague Rep- First Marine Air Wing in Tsingato, China. f resentative PETE SESSIONS (R±TX). I firmly be- When Chinese Communist forces grew strong- lieve that we need this amendment to insure er, and turned their gun sights to U.S. Ma- CELEBRATION OF THE 35TH ANNI- that, in virtually every circumstance, a tax in- rines, he flew the final missions out of VERSARY OF THE SERVICE crease would require a two-thirds vote in both Chengchun, Mukden, and Peiping.