JANUARY, 1911 ‘666 PRICE TEN CENTS INTERNATIONAL SGCIALIST REVIEW
THE FIGHTING GARMENT WORKERS THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIALIST REVIEW
OF, bY AND FOR THE WORKING CLASS
EDITED BY CHARLES H. KERR
ASSOCIATE EDITORS: Mary E. Marcy, Robert Rives La Monte, Max S. Hayes, William E. Bohn, Leslie H. Marcy
CONTENTS
The Fighting Garment \Vorkers ...... Robcrt Dvorak
Help! I-Ielpl! Help!!! ...... Eugene V. Debs
Working at Home ...... Louis Duchez
How to Kick ...... ~ ...... Robcrt Rims La Monk.~ Class War ...... i ...... Ed Moore
Where Furs Come From ...... Jack Morton
Danger Ahead ...... Eugene V. Debs
Lockouts in Great Britain ...... lVilIiam D. Haywood
The Revolution in Mexico ...... _ ...... 10/m Kenneth Turner
Beginners’ Course in Socialism: Price ...... , . . Y ...... Mary E. Marcy
DEPARTMENTS.
Editorials: Fred \Varren Goes to Jail; The Struggle of the Garment Workers.
International Notes : \Vorld of Labor : News and Views : Publishers' Department.
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CHARLES H. KERR & COMPANY, Publishers (Co-operative) 118 West Kinzie Street, Chicago, “L, U. S. A.
Entered at the Pottotfice at Chicago. [1].. a Second Class Matter july 27. 1900. under Art at March 1. 1879. 0- @625 SQCIALIST INTERNATIONAL REVIEW
JANUARY, 1911 No. 7
WHO DO THE POLICE “'ORK FOR?
THE FIGHTING GARMENT WORKERS
ROBERT DVORAK
AULED by city police, assaulted the city council, the Chicago Federation M and beaten by armed, hired slug of Labor and very influential persons, gers, shot by strike breakers and such as Raymond Robins and other now being faced with a winter “Good Samaritans” can force the “igno full of the horrors of cold and starvation, rant strikers” to accept meaningless but the striking garment workers of _Chicago well worded terms of peace from the hard still remain undaunted. pressed renegades, Hart, Schafl‘ner and Not even the best efforts of the mayor, Marx.
385 THE FIGHTING GARMENT WORKERS
ONE OF "OUR INFANT INDUSTRIES."
For the first time in history the auto— other daily papers took action, but not cratic Chicago Federation of Labor, until after thousands of copies of the headed by John Fitzpatrick, ably assisted Daily Socialist had been distributed free by Mrs. Raymond Robins, has been non of charge by the strikers in the city. plused. Over 41,000 garment workers Before six weeks had passed by, a gen have refused to obey the pleasure and eral strike of all the garment workers in whims of the leaders and have refused to the city, outside of those employed by go back to work upon the order of a presi union concerns, had been called. From dent who tried to hand them lemons la an unorganized strike, composed of un beled as agreements and victories. organized workers, sprang an organized When the strike began on September movement for a recognition of the union, 30th the Chicago Federation of Labor and the manufacturers, themselves har looked upon it as a joke. No one looked assed by internal fights over profits and upon it seriously except the strikers business supremacy, grew uneasy. themselves and a few of the garment work— \Vorkingrnen and women all over the ers’ leaders who were more intimately ac United States, attracted by the brave and quainted with the situation. There was determined fight of the garment workers a strike in existence, but few knew about against the greatest odds, began to act it. The capitalist papers refused to write, They refused to buy clothing without a and the Chicago Federation refused to label and warned local business men act. A strike was on but no one knew its against buying clothing from the strike extent. bound Chicago concerns, and the uneasi Then it was that the Chicago Daily ness of the manufacturers grew from day Socialist, urged and entreated by the to day. strikers, took action, and on October 7 After the calling of the general strike published its first story of the strike and there began in Chicago the greatest and what brought it on. A week later the most unique strike ever known in the hi5' ROBERT DVORAK
EARNING THEIR PAY. tory of labor struggles. Started by six Socialist party, organized a strikers’ aid teen girls, without the vcstige of organi— committee and in two weeks' time col zation, the struggle spread to 41,000 per-, lected over $3,000. sons and tied up almost 200 shops. The strike was progressing admirably. Labor papers all over the country took ,Public sentiment was with the garment up the astounding fight and unions began workers in every part of the country and to send in cash donations. Farmers, the money was just beginning to come in, best customers listed on the books of the when President T. A. Rickert, head of strike bound concerns, sent in letters and the national organization of the United resolutions condemning the manufac Garment \Vorkers, brought the strikers a turers and an entire fall and winter cloth— peace offer from the Hart, Schaffner and ing trade was crippled or ruined. Marx concern. Doctors agreed to treat patients free Rickert had signed the peace offer and of charge. Barbers gave free shaves, the tried to railroad it through the ranks. The aters gave benefit performances. Pri offer guaranteed the workers nothing vate families housed and fed homeless more than an assurance that every striker strikers. Druggists gave free drugs or would be taken back irrespective of offered a certain percentage of their daily whether he belonged to a union or not, profits. Grocers and butchers gave free and a promise that many of the abomin food supplies to the various free supply able persecutions would be abolished. and relief stations. Clubs and societies Hisses and angry cries greeted Rickert gave benefit balls and entertainments. and his peace offer when he read it before Song writers and artists offered their pro the cutters at Federation hall, 275 La ductions and gave the strikers the full Salle street, Saturday afternoon, Novem profits and the hotel keepers refused to ber 5. The same fate met the fatal agree house the strike breakers. ment when it was presented to the Business and professional men, of strikers at Hod Carriers’ Hall, and at all whom the majority were members of the the other meetings. 388 THE FIGHTING GARMENT WORKERS
MARCH OF THE FIFTY THOUSAND STRIKERS. Dazed and dejected, Rickert abandoned ist, of which over 10,000 extra copies had all idea of settlement on the terms offered been sold one Sunday afternoon, follow— by Hart, Schaffner and Marx, and in ing the rejection of the peace oficr, ap structed his organizers to work as they pealed to the Chicago Federation of La had never worked before organizing and bor for aid. aiding the determined garment workers. This time the federation, at its meet For the first time in his life Rickcrt met ing, endorsed the strike of the garment determined workers who ignored the workers and assessed its members 25 wishes and advice of their superiors and cents each. John Fitzpatrick, president he submitted gracefully. of the Chicago Federation, and Mrs. Ray— Later in the week, following his 'W'atcr mond Robins, president of the Women‘s loo, Rickcrt gave his one reason for en— Trade Union league, took the strike in dorsing the agreement. He stated that hand and began work by appointing the demands for strike benefits had been working committees composed of women so great and the income so small that he prominent in Chicago. feared the possible suffering that was Four food supply stations were estab— likely to follow inability to pay the men, lished in various parts of the city and the women and girls. The starvation bogy strikers asking for help were given cards had made its first appearance and was good for the amount food punched in brushed away by the only people it could therein. The supply stations lessened the afiect. demand for actual cash and the strike Their faith in Rickert and many of the once more was progressing in a most sat other garment union officials shaken, the isfactory manner. strikers with the aid of the Daily Social— The most admirable and contagious ROBERT DVORAK 389 kind of enthusiasm accompanied the anteed the strikers a position within fif strike meetings held in thirty—seven vari teen days without regard to whether they ous halls in the city and money was pour were strikers or not, and specified that an ing in from all parts of the country, with arbitration committee of five members, letters of encouragement and promise of two of the union, two of the manufac further aid when another blow, again turers and one to be chosen by the four, from union headquarters, once more near was to be appointed to settle all griev ly demoralized the strikers. ances. It further stated that no discrim Alderman Charles E. Merriam, pressed by some outside influential persons, ination was to be practiced against either brought the strike question up at the the union or non-union employes. Seeing that no amount of cajoling, en— council meeting Monday, Nov. 28, and asked that a committee be appointed by treating or intimidation could get the strikers back to work, and fearing to sub the city body for the purpose of trying to mit the agreement point blank in person, end the strike. Mayor Fred Busse, City Fitzpatrick and the strike board decided Clerk Francis D. Connery, and Aldermen Chas. E. Merriam, William F. Ryan and \Vinfield P. Dunn were elected on the committee. The Chicago Federation of Labor was represented by John Fitzpatrick, at the subsequent meetings. th e garment strikers by Edward Anderson, the gar ment workers’ union by Samuel Landers. national organizer, and the \Vomen’s Trade Union League by Mrs. Raymond Robins. Hart, Schafl'ner and Marx stock holders were represented by Levy Mayer and Harry Hart. Four locked door meetings were held in the mayor’s office and not a soul out side of the main strike committee knew what was going on. Then the silence was broken and another peace otter was flaunted before the eyes of the workers. Great wordy speeches accompanied the reading of the agreement by the union officials, but no amount of flowery talk and beautiful visions of organization at a later day could cover the fact that the new peace otter was only a repetition with but one exception of the brand sub mitted by Rickert, more than a month previous, and another storm of dissent greeted Fitzpatrick and his assistants when they read it at the meetings. Not even the fact that the agreement had been recommended for acceptance by the Chicago Federation of Labor dele— gates could alter the strikers’ feeling, and Fitzpatrick, like Rickert, discovered that he was dealing with unorganized but well posted workers, who knew what they wanted and refused to be told what to do and when to do it. The Fitzpatrick agreement again guar FOR EIGHT HOURS. 390 THE FIGHTING GARMENT WORKERS
to take a secret ballot vote after the bit terness had died down somewhat. Mrs. Robins and the VVomen’s Trade Union League adopted a new policy, how ever, and began the work by giving out horror-inspiring interviews to capitalist press reporters on the terrible suffering and extreme starvation among the strikers. Columns of interviews bearing directly on suffering of the strikers were given out bv Mrs. Robins, and the capitalist papers featured these with extra coloring and display. A picture taken early in the strike showing a group of Jewish and Italian strikers was printed and declared to be that of families evicted bv landlords for non-payment of rent, said to be liv— ing in one room. The strikers condemned the stories, and votes taken in the various halls failed to show one person who had suffered from starvation or even the slightest lack of food. Mayor Busse and his alde-rmanic com mittee tried their best to secure a similar agreement to that signed by Hart, Schaff— KEEPING IN PRACTICE. ner and Marx from the Wholesale and National Clothiers’ Association, but these Socialist to insert a permanent appeal for worthy gentlemen laughed and told him funds in the columns of the paper. that Hart, Schafi’ner and Marx brought \Nhile the negotiations for peace were the strike on and could fight it out itself. going on, the strikers were suffering from They refused to arbitrate through their the razors, knives, clubs and revolvers of representative, Martin _I. Isaacs, and the the hired sluggers, special detectives and city hall attempt to aid the great strike armed strike breakers who were furnished was a fizzle of the worst kind. with weapons by the strike-bound con Following the sentiment expressed by cerns. No person daring so much as the strikers for rejecting the last agree brush up against a strike breaker was ment of the Hart. Schaffner and Marx sure of his life, for the beasts in human concerns, the Socialist party stepped in skin had an ever-handy revolver or other and determined to aid financially so de— weapon ready to kill or maim. termined a band of workers. The first weeks of the strike, the slug At its meeting, Sunday, December 11, gers and “detectives” used only clubs the national executive committee of the with which they broke the heads of more Socialist party passed a motion instruct than a score of strikers. Later they ing the secretary to insert an emphatic gained courage and displayed revolvers appeal in the coming issue of the Na and steel knuckles. Not being interfered tional Bulletin, calling upon all Socialists with by the police, they began to fire the to aid to their utmost the striking gar revolvers and use the knuckles openly. ment workers. Finally they began to take aim and a The Cook county central and delegate number of strikers, women and men, fell committee, at a meeting on the same date, to the ground shot with bullets furnished instructed the secretary to issue subscrip by their employers. tion lists and to do his utmost to secure Finding the hiring of special detectives funds for the strikers. The delegates and sluggers a little too expensive the further instructed the editor of the Daily owners of sweatshops armed their scabs ROBERT DVORAK 391 with firearms and a girl striker lost a finger as a result of this new and money savrng move. She and a few'of her companions had gathered near the home of a girl scab and tried by persuasion to bring her to their ranks. An automobile drove up while they were arguing with her. She jumped into it. A brother of the girl scab lifted a rifle to his shoulder, a shot echoed and Miss ...... had one finger less. - Every day strikers reported to head quarters with tales of how they had been shot at and attacked by armed strike breakers. Protests galore were made to Leroy T. Steward, chief of police, but he only shook his head sagely and said: “Wait until the strike is over.” Then all at once, while the peace con ference in Mayor Busse’s oFfice was go ing on, Charles Lazinskas, a striking gar ment worker, was attacked while speak ing to several scab girls in front of the Royal Tailors’ establishment, and shot _. ,,*_.______SJ through the heart by Martin Yacullo, a YOUNG AND om. tailor, who had been made a special de tective by the strike-bound company. I another person had fallen victim to the The murder acted like a spark in a pan greed of the employers. of gunpowder. Not one striker had com Every person who took part in the mitted any violence up to this point. Some funeral march swore solemnly that he or had broken windows, true enough, but she would never go back to work until no person had been seriously, or other the bosses gave them what they wanted wise, hurt by the strikers. The murder or at least a big part of it. They con of their comrade, however, fanned the demned the pending agreement in the strikers into a fury and several detectives most bitter terms, but the Chicago Federa were beaten so badly the following day tion of Labor would not be warned, and that they had to be taken to a hospital. various attempts were made to force the Even the police were stirred into ac agreement upon the strikers at various tivity and an order was issued to the po meetings. Speakers were sent out to licemen to arrest any person caught car talk the people into the peace offer, but rying concealed weapons of any kind. At these were hissed and hooted out of the an inquest held over the dead body of halls. Lazinskas the coroner’s jury held the At Hod Carriers’ hall, where the murderer, Yacullo, to the grand jury. largest part of the strikers meet every There never was a funeral in Chicago day, John Fitzpatrick and Mrs. Raymond such as was held in the case of the mur Robins tried to tell the people to go back dered garment striker. Thousands of to work, and read the peace offer. There men, women and girls followed the hearse was a storm of protest and neither one that carried the body of their comrade. of the union officials could be heard. One They marched with their heads bowed. Jewish worker got up on a chair while the On their coat lapels and breasts each storm was on and holding up his hands striker had a piece of crepe pinned down said: , with the union button of the garment “Brothers and sisters, we have just put workers. Banners carried by the thou our murdered comrade into a grave. He sands proclaimed to other workers that was fighting with us against the murder B THE FIGHTING GARMENT WORKERS
who own the big tailor shops. He finished and the crowd began to surge 5 killed by a man who was given a threateningly against the platform where n and bullets by the bosses. Now they only a little over a month before Robert nt us to go back to work and olfer us Noren had almost received a beating at thing. the hands of the strikers when the Rickert ‘Just think, my brothers and sisters, of agreement was proposed. w we have been clubbed, shot at, The funeral of Lazinskas was held on bbed and murdered. It was all be— Monday, December 5, and was viewed by ise we wanted better conditions. Now thousands of people. The Wednesday :y bring us an agreement that is noth following 50,000 strikers left their homes ; and tell us to go back. I say no, early in the morning, and braving the cut )thers, I say no—and I know that poor ing wind, marched for two hours through zinskas in his grave would say no too.” the streets of Chicago in a protest against Fliere was a storm of applause that police brutality, murderous Sluggers and llCl not be quieted when the speaker the conditions in the tailor shops.
FROM MANY NATIONS. ROBERT DVORAK 393
Following the parade. the police bru In another case a number of policemen ‘ tality stopped to a large extent and sev guarding the strike-bound shop of the eral strike breakers caught with con Royal Tailors, saw a strike-breaker pull cealed weapons were arrested for the‘ first out a razor and slash with it at a strike time since the beginning of the strike. picket who was standing on the corner. Public sentiment at last won a slight vic The police made no effort to interfere tory. until after the poor fellow had been cut As a sample of the police tactics used up so bad that it took sixteen stitches in against the strikers and their extreme the hospital to sew up his wound. The brutality it is only necessary to cite the assailant escaped. case of Frank Kriz, living at Trumbull The most peculiar phase of the strike avenue and Twenty-fifth street: thus far has been the orderliness of the Kriz was on his way to the home of a strikers. It has been a surprise to almost friend when he saw a great crowd of peo~ every one, even the police, that no out ple on the corner of Homan avenue and rages have been committed by the 40,000 Twenty-fourth street. He stopped to persons of at least nine languages. watch the sight of strikers being beaten It would not surprise any one, though, by police while picketing the shop of a if he attended the meetings of the strikers tailor known as Peklo, when a policeman, in their various halls and heard the in Sergeant Scully of the Lawndale street structions given them in various lan police station, dashed up and lifted his club. gauges to remain peaceable, and in case Seeing that a broken head would be the of fight only use the two arms given them only result of standing still, Kriz ran into for defense. The strikers have followed a private home near where he was stand these instructions in spite of the fact that ing. Scully pursued him. They ran into it has cost them many a broken head a kitchen. From there into a parlor and where a fight with equal weapons might finally into a bedroom. Here Scully have resulted disastrously for the aSSail caught Kriz and beat him mercilessly. ants. Then pulled him out and arrested him. There are four main nationalities in— Kriz had his wrist almost broken, his ears volved in the garment workers’ strike, the were swollen, two bumps pained him on Polish, Bohemian, Jewish and Italian. his head, and a welt rose on his neck. The Jewish workers are in the majority, Finishing with Kriz, Scully dashed into as there are approximately 10,000 of them the corner saloon of Frank Merhaut and involved in the struggle. The Bohemians began to pull people away from the bar. follow with about 6,000 strikers, the Po Merhaut protested and was told to shut lish with about 5,000, and the Italians up or get a crack over the head. After with probably 3,500. The balance of the cleaning out the saloon Scully, who had 40,000 strikers includes Slavs, Hungar— been drinking extensively in the scab ians, Lithuanians, Germans and Bulgar shop of Peklo, grinned like a hyena and ians. returned to the street, where he scored Very few people understand the present policemen who were not busy enough strike and the workers involved in it be breaking the heads of working men. cause of their peculiar tactics. They are The fiendish work of Scully has been a band of people trained to look with sus— repeated throughout the city time and picion upon the actions of those placed in time again, since the strike began, and it the position of leaders. They have faith is such work as that which has won the only in themselves, and claim that as long strikers the sympathy of the public and as they stand together as workers, no has brought condemnation upon the po power on earth can defeat them. They lice and the strike-bound firms. want a union of workers and not leaders.
HELP! 'HELP!! HELP!!!
BY
EUGENE V. DEBS
It seems to me that I can hear this sweated to death, flit about and human startling cry from the north this winter hyenas gnaw at corpses, while beastly, night as I read the evening papers and bloated capitalists await the inevitable the harrowing stories they contain about surrender. the striking and starving slaves of the \Vith industrial unionism—the kind of sweatshops in that capitalist bedlam at unionism that every criminal corporation the foot of the lake. \Vomen and chil and every ward-heeling labor politician dren by thousands, who spend their is fighting—that strike would be won and the heartless bosses brought to their wretched lives making clothes for others senses within twenty—four hours. are themselves naked, without shoes, These sweatshop victims could hardly their wan features distorted by the fangs suffer more keenly if they were being and pangs of starvation. slowly burnt at the stake. In the name of Is there any hell any savage ever con God and the dying little children, why ceived to be compared with this tragedy does not organized labor act instead of of horrors? seeing these babes go to their fate with If the workingmen of Chicago were out putting forth a hand to rescue them? not inert as clods, white-livered excuses After what happened day before yes for men, they would rise like a whirlwind terday when the bosses, merciless as in defense of these shivering, starving jackals, spat full in the face of those children at their doors. pleading for the paltriest concessions to There are enough union men, so-called, end the misery of the dying, Chicago. in Chicago, to put an end to this strike in were it not dead as the consciences of the five minutes and snatch their suffering brutes who are murdering these babies. brothers and sisters from the cruel fangs would seethe with revolt and the vaunted of torture and death. hundred thousand union men would give Why in the name of all that unionism an exhibition of robust manhood that stands for don’t they act? would make forever impossible a repeti The steel trust has already wiped out tion of this monstrous crime. the tin plate workers and marine firemen, Fine unionism this, that submits, ex the tobacco trust has all but destroyed the cept‘upon the part of the noble few whom tobacco workers, and a score of other I applaud with all my heart, to such unions are hanging to life by a thread, shocking indignities and brutal outrages. and now the clothing trust is allowed to All over Chicago indignation meetings annihilate the garment workers. should be held, and the tide of revolt When will these union men awaken? should rise and roar as it never has be— Or are they dead, except for the use of fore in an American city. the city hall at election time? The shriek for help can be distinctly Craft unionism stands utterly con heard by all who are not dead as stones. demned in the presence of this ghastly Will the workers respond a Hundred strike of the garment workers. Thousand strong and save the day for the The spectres of starved babies hover starving strikers, for unionism, and hu all over the battlefield; ghosts of mothers manity?
$94
HOME WORKERS IN NEW YORK
LOUIS DUCHEZ HE greatest disgrace of capitalist stringing beads, “rolling” cigarettes, l “civilization” is the economic slav “sticking up" toys, making garters, sus— ery of women and children. Noth penders, artificial flowers, gloves, cloth ing is more pitiful than to see the ing, Christmas wreaths, candy boxes, etc. mothers of the race and their little ones, This enormous conversion of tenement mere babes with soft bones and tender houses into workshops is in strict ac— muscles, crushed and brutalized by the cordance with the labor laws of New weight of long hours of toil under degen— York state. The bosses have found it erating conditions. good; therefore, to interfere with it would This slavery of women and children be “unconstitutional.” The only require has perhaps nowhere reached such pro ment of the law is that these tenements in portions in America as among the tene which home factory work is to be done, ment workers of Greater New York. In shall be licensed. the very heart of the most densely popu— Indeed, the license law proves to be a lated locality in this country more than good thing for the bosses. It furnishes 50,000 women and children all the year jobs for the political lackeys of the ex round, do factory work in their own ploiters and at the same time puts the “homes” for heartless millionaire exploi whole business under the mantle of “law ters. During the Christmas season be and order” and “respectability.” tween seventy-five and one hundred thou Also, because of this law, the masters sand, according to the best authorities, get work done which they would other are engaged in turning out work in tene wise have to do themselves. Every ment houses. month the bureau of factory inspection At this time of the year they work and of the state department of labor is night and day. Thousands of tenements sues a bulletin t0 the manufacturers with are turned into busy workshops. Cook-' lists of licensed tenements in the greater ing and household duties are neglected city. For the month of October the bul— and the poor women and children de— letin shows that there are nearly 13,000 vour their cheap, unwholesome food like tenements where goods may be legally savages in order to rush at their work of taken for manufacturing purposes. 395 396 WORKING AT HOME
It goes without saying that those 13,000 The black mammies of the South and buildings are located in the most con their piccaninnies were a thousand times gested centers of Greater New York. better off than these New York women There are thousands of other tenements and children are. whose owners have applied for licenses but Almost the entire twenty-four hours of have been turned down. Unsanitary con the day during the holiday season this ditions were the reasons. Probably the brutal soul-rending slavery of women and houses were so filthy that it would be im babes goes desperately on. In much of the possible to turn out marketable goods in work the little ones are useful. Babes of them. three can string beads and they can help However, a sufficient number of tene their mothers and grandmothers with ments have been licensed to turn out work which their little hands are not about all the work the bosses have to skilled enough to do alone. At this time offer, and‘there are hundreds of other of the year it is not an uncommon thing tenements, not licensed, where factory to see the little ones, who should be en work is being done “on the sly.” This joying the sunshine and fresh air and the offers a special graft for politicians. games of childhood, fast asleep in the In each_of these 13,000 licensed tene corner of a dark, ill-smelling tenement ments there are from six to twenty fam house with a partly formed wreath or a ilies. In some of the families there are handful of beads scattered over the floor as many as ten people. Often these about them. They may be found from families are jammed in from two to four midnight to early morning in this condi rooms. They sleep and eat and work and tion. Their mothers are too busy doing die in these same quarters. Babes of similar work to bother with them. Chil three years, to old grandmothers of sev dren are often kept awake by bathing enty, may be seen squatted on hard, bare, their faces with cold water in order that filthy floors at work in a dim lamp-light. , the last bit of work may be squeezed from
:2 I l ' i‘
MAKING ARTIFICIAL FLOWERS. LOUIS DUCHEZ
ROLLING CIGARETTES. their poor, frail. starved little bodies. I went to see for myself. Elizabeth street Grandmothers, too, may be found nod— was the first I visited. It was about 10 ding and dozing over a bunch of plumes o’clock when I called. I talked with the or a wreath of holly until they fall in a mother. Beside her at a table were two heap upon the floor and remain there till girls, her daughters, about twelve and daylight. fourteen years, respectively. Fast asleep Miss Frances Perkins, secretary of the on the floor were four other children, Consumers’ League, said, a few days ago: who, since they came from school, had “Child labor is at its highest point now toiled until they fell asleep on the floor in New York. It always is just before and forgot the twigs of holly with which Christmas. If you want to convince your— they had been working. self take a stroll through some of these The father, the mother told me, was on streets.” And then she brought out a big the night shift at the docks. He had been ledger and gave me a peep inside. Hun out of work for more than two months dreds of streets were listed. _and now during the holiday season he Go where you will on the lower East was given a chance for a few days em and West side of New York and you will ployment before Christmas. find this terrible slavery with 'which no “Mrs. D., what do you and the children age in the past is comparable. make at this work?” I asked. With a Long after midnight the tiny lights slight twitch of her shoulder and pushing may be seen through the windows and the aside a pile of wreaths which had been slaves within toiling silently on. Piles of made by the children after school hours, holly, wreaths, candy boxes, flowers, she replied: plumes and the hundred and one things “Me and the girls, wit de odder 'chilen, which Santa Claus brings, may be seen on before dey go to sleep. make $1.35 a day, the tables. when we work hard. Sometimes (and she Acting upon Miss Perkins’ suggestion, shrugged her shoulders again), we must 398 WORKING AT HOME
work sixteen, sometimes twenty hours Some of the tenement workers make for dat.” violets, pretty artificial things. But if I asked her how much she got a dozen you saw the poor human wrecks making for wreaths. “Four cents, no more,” she those flowers you would lose your love said. “When not so many people do dis for them. Thirty-six cents a gross is work at home, much more money. You generally the price the bosses pay for don’t work for dat, the boss says, ‘all them. It a woman works hard for about right, me give somebody else.’ ” eighteen hours she may make 40 cents. Mrs. D. is only one of the thousands of If you have not actually seen these con Italian, German, Jewish, Irish and Ameri ditions yourself, you will wonder what a can women who are doing this sort of child of five or six years is able to do at work. During the holiday season they tenement factory work. Miss Perkins push aside much of the work which is has plenty of evidence. She showed me done the year round in the tenements, a book of 500 pictures taken in the tene— such as plume making, cigarette rolling, ment house sweat-shops under the direc— button-holing, etc., to make toys, wreaths, tion of the Consumers’ League. These and holiday decorations. pictures show children not only five but It would be impossible to accurately three years of age, doing their share in state the average daily wage made by the the work of making the hundred and one tenement workers. It is safe in saying, things that fill the holiday store windows. however, that the average wage of a Pointing to one photo Miss Perkins mother with three to five children assist said: “This child here is a girl, three ing her, is between a dollar and a dollar years old. She is helping make the flow and a half for eighteen hours’ work. ers by stringing petals together. There I visited another family on the upper is nothing difficult to it. You just string West Side—a family of two, an Old the petals together on a piece of wire. woman of sixty years and her little grand The more complicated work of flower daughter. She is not an Italian, but an making is done by her older sister, and American, and a woman of much intelli the most skilled part of all is done by the gence. She and her little girl of ten are mother. The mother pastes the petals alone in the world. They occupy one together and puts the finishing touches dark room in the vrear of a tenement. to the bouquet, or whatever it may be.” From charities their rent is partly paid. Finally Miss Perkins said: “The little For her food and clothing and that of her ones are piecing together the wages which granddaughter, she works about eighteen their father should have earned.” hours a day. Go to the heads of the bureau of in Mrs. H. does crocheting. When a girl spection of the department of labor in she learned this work and now in her old the state and you~will be very grace— age she must depend upon it for an ex fully received, but when you leave you istence. will know little more about the tenement Before Christmas and New Year’s there workers than you did before. They will is a big demand for fancy worked slippers give you a long argument in an attempt and Mrs. H. is rushed with orders. She to show that the manufacturers are really gets 40 cents per dozen for all she can doing humanitarian work in furnishing turn out during the holidays, and that’s opportunities to the poor people in order why she works almost night and day at that they may make both ends meet. It this time of the year. By working eigh is among the poor slaves themselves and teen hours a day she is able to turn out to the city and national child labor com about nine pairs of slippers, making 30 mittees that you must go for the facts. cents for that amount of work. Here are the principal reasons for the How does she and her little grand enormous number of home sweatshops: daughter live? Look up the death rate 1. They enable the manufacturer to among these tenement workers, find out save large sums in rent by having a great how many die of starvation, and the many of their employes work at home. amount of money doled out for charity 2. They enable the bosses to employ and you may find the answer. child labor, for there is no law which can LOUIS DUCHEZ 399
ANIIERE YOUR GLOVES ARE MADE.
stop a child from working at home, after the women and children earn is sliced off school hours. his wages.” 3. By fostering home sweatshops, the These “home factories” are fostered manufacturer divides the workers and vigorously by the bosses. Rent, heat and pays different prices to each. These work light are saved thereby. The workers ing at home do not know what others are carry their goods to and from the bosses’ getting for the same work. place of business. He is free from sani 4. They keep the workers from being tary responsibilities. organized. On the other hand, the women who Owen R. Lovejoy, secretary of the Na— take goods home to work in this way have tional Child Labor committee, says: “We to pay out of the miserable wages they have been combatting the home sweat " receive for extra gas, and they even pay shops for years, because they are one of higher rent. On the whole these tene the worst features of present day indus ment workshops are the most crafty, try. Home sweatshops cannot be in— though heartless, methods of exploitation. spected properly. Children can be According to legal listing, the follow— worked in them more cruelly than in ing are the kinds of work done in the factories. home sweatshops: “All arguments to the effect that home “Manufacturing, altering, repairing and industry is needed by thousands of fami finishing of coats, vests, knee pants, trou lies to make ends meet are pure fallacy. sers, overalls, cloaks, hats, caps, suspen The home sweatshops increase the bur ders, jerseys, blouses, dresses, waists, den of poverty. The more the manufac— waistbands, underwear, neckwear, fur, turer can have his work done in the home fur trimmings. fur garments, skirts, by women and children, the less he pays shirts, aprons, purses, pocketbooks, slip to the man who works in his shop. What pers, paper boxes, paper bags, feathers, WORKING AT HOME
DAYLIGHT NEVER ENTERS THIS INNER CO_URT. artificial flowers, cigarettes, cigars, um underpaid father. To do away with the brellas, articles of rubber, macaroni, home sweatshops, you must raise the spaghetti, ice cream, ices, candy, confec wages of the men, but so long as the tionery, nuts and preserves.” manufacturer can turn his work over to It is needless to say that the prices for women and children in the home, he will manufacturing all these things have de not raise the wages of his employes.” creased since the “home factories” have Yes, Mr. Hall has stated the condition reached to the power in Greater New which exists in a nutshell. The thing to York’s industrial life that they hold to do is to raise the wages of the father, so day. This is commonly stated by all that the wife and children will not have those engaged in social and investigating to work “in order to make both ends work for the various child labor organi meet.” zations. There is one way to do it and it is the George A. Hall, who is secretary of the only effective and permanent method. New York Child Labor committee, cited Here it is: _ two instances. He said: Teach the class struggle now raging “A few years ago the price of making more bitterly than ever in society. Carry a dozen bunches of violets was 6 cents. on an intense industrial union propa— Now it is 3 cents. Where 11 cents was ganda. Craft unionism breeds scabs and paid for tying an inch of an ostrich acts as a club upon the militant element feather a few years ago, only 5 cents is of the working class. Make the shorter paid now for the same amount of work. workday the most important demand. Or Mr. Hall is not an avowed Socialist, ganize into one big union—a union that but he sees where the basis for the home takes in men, women and children, re— sweatshops is. He said: gardless of color, creed, nationality or “The whole problem of home sweat condition of life. According to the power shops goes back to the problem of the of the workers through this form of or-. LOUIS DUCHEZ 401 ganization to compel the bosses to give but until the workers realize that they in, the hours of labor will be shortened must organize industrially, as the cap-. and wages increased. By shortening the talists are organized, industrially, the hours of labor competition is reduced tenement sweatshops will increase. As among the workers for job, and thereby long as the workers perpetuate craft di— the ranks of the unemployed will be vision, we can expect very little relief. thinned out. New York today is divided by craft or Fathers will not then break up their ganizations as are the workers in no other homes by turning them into workshops. city in the country. This, at the bottom They will not permit their wives and chil is the cause for the merciless exploitation dren to slave their lives out. of women and children in the tenement Industrial organization of the work sweatshops. ing class is the most important need of But there is an awakening coming. And the working class today. Everywhere it is not far away. The Social revolution conditions are ripe for it. There may be is not as distant as many well-fed com— factory inspectors galore and organiza rades think. And New York is going to tions protesting against child labor may play a tremendous part in that great so spring up in every city of the country. cial transformation.
MAKING 5er TASS'ELS. HOW TO KICK
BY ROBERT RIVES LA MONTE
bread from your children’s mouths, you could not rest easy till the judge was sent to the Senate or the \Nhite House; when the leader of your trade union be trayed you and sold you out by settling your strike behind your back on terms dictated by Civic Federation millionaires who had utterly crushed the labor unions in the industries they themselves con trolled, you were not happy till you had doubled his salary or sent him on a free trip to Europe. I began to fear you could not kick. But ' I was wrong. You have proved that you belong in the broncho class. You can kick. But here comes the rub—how do you kick? Have you got beyond the broncho class? It never occurs to the broncho that he can get along without a rider or master. He kicks one master away, but when the next one comes along with the whip hidden under his coat and a lump of sugar in his hand, the poor stupid brute whinnies while the new tyrant climbs into the saddle. No, ROBERT RIVES LA MONTE. you have not yet gotten out of the - broncho class; you even help the new 0 you can kick, Mr. American rider to mount. Workingman? Yes, you can; there is no doubt about it. If any The Kick Political one doubts, let him apply to the But you can kick. You have done it. intrepid African Explorer, the Sage of You have kicked the Republicans out of Oyster Bay. the saddle and kicked the Democrats into That you can kick rejoices my heart. it. You have changed riders. Some day I used to compare you unfavorably to the you will find out you need no rider. bucking broncho of the prairies. When But why did you kick the Republicans it was ill—treated, it kicked. When you out? Because your wages would no were ill—treated, you kissed the hand that longer feed and clothe you and your smote you. Which is only another way family. The prices of meat and flour and of saying that when a Governor sent the eggs and butter and coal and clothes troops to shoot you down when you were had gone up and up, while your wages on strike, you hailed with eager joy the had either stood still or risen far more chance to vote for him for President; slowly, and your work was becoming when a judge issued a blanket injunction more and more irregular. The mill was to prevent you from speaking to the poor only running part-time. You blamed devils of scabs who had been fooled into the party in power. You kicked them acting as strike-breakers to take the out. But will you be any better off?
402 ROBERT RIVES LA MONTE 403
The Tariff and your fellows in your labor unions. Politics can help you only when your The Democrats (with their whips un labor organization is strong enough to der their coats and their spurs in their seize and hold the advantage given you by pockets) told you your troubles were a political change. caused by the high prices and that the high prices were caused by the trusts and But in general, cheap prices will cause low wages. Shortly after Mills Hotel the tariff, and that as the trusts were the children of the tariff, that if you could No. 1 was opened, a manufacturer in the just get rid of the high tariff your neighborhood announced a reduction in wages. A committee of the employes troubles would disappear. protested, saying: “We cannot live on You believed them and tried the ex— the proposed wages.” “0 yes, you can,” periment. How is it going to work? was the reply. “Go live at the Mills Your memory is very short. If it were Hotel 1" longer, so you could recall the Wilson Cheap prices may be a good thing'for Bill, the last tariff framed by the Demo you, but cheap prices alone will not put crats, you would have grave doubts as an end to your troubles. to whether the Democrats really will re duce the tariff on the necessaries of life The tariff and the trusts are not the at all. But suppose they do; how much only causes of the high cost of living. No better off will you be? doubt they had something to do with it, but they have not had nearly as much to The Trusts. do with it as have the increased produc tion of gold and the reduction in the cost Do you think a low tariff will kill the of production of gold. This reduction in Oil Trust? “fill it kill the Beef Trust? the amount of labor necessary to produce Will it kill the Tobacco Trust? Will it the gold in a Five Dollar Gold Piece can kill the Steel Trust? Does not every not be blamed on the Republicans; and great trust in America sell its products the Democrats whom you have voted abroad on the world market in competi into power can not restore the old condi tion with the products of all other lands? tions. N0, lowering the tariff will not kill Thus, you see, the Democrats can not any trust that is strong enough to hurt do as much as you thought they could to you. It is true that some of the high reduce prices. What little they may do prices you have to pay have been in this direction will lower your wages boosted up by the trusts, but a low tariff unless you have the right kind of a labor will not kill the trusts. union to prevent it. The right kind of a labor union will help you in any case, Lower Prices. whether prices be high or low. A lower tariff may reduce your living When you learn to kick effectively expenses by giving you cheaper woolen through your labor unions you can well and cotton clothing. At present, as you afford to neglect the kind of politics that know, you cannot afford to wear wool at at best only gives you a reform such as all. A low tariff on wool and manufac cheap prices. tured woolen goods would make really The Hell of It. good woolen clothes cheap. Would that do you any good? It might and it might The Hell of it is that as long as there not. It would all depend on whether or are other men out of work ready and not you had the price. and that will de compelled by hunger to be willing to pend chiefly on whether or not you be take your job, your wages are bound to long to a well organized, fighting labor be just about enough to keep body and union. For if prices are lowered, wages soul together. That is why cheap food will fall too, unless your labor organiza and clothes usually spell low wages. The tions are strong enough to prevent the most urgent thing for you is to reduce wage drop. This is the Point for you. the number of the unemployed, until you This wage drop cannot be prevented by are able to disband forever the army of politics; it can only be prevented by you the unemployed. For every unemployed 404 HOIV TO KICK worker threatens your wife and your Wages versus Profits. children with starvation. You need the This is the fix you are in. You have kind of labor union that will reduce the to get food and clothes for your wife, number of the unemployed; you need the your children and yourself. To get them kind of politics that will help your union you need money. To get money you to reduce the number of the unemployed. have to sell something. What can you The Right Kind of Labor Union? sell? Only one thing—your power. physical and intellectual, to do things. What is it? \Nell, it is not a union Suppose you sell that to a man who owns with high initiation fees and high dues a gold mine and that you dig out Ten that shut the majority of the workers Dollars worth of gold a day. If he pays out. It is not a union that gets the boss you Two Dollars, that leaves him Eight to collect its dues for it. It is not a union Dollars as profits. If your wages go up that pleads sacredness of contract to re to Three, his profits drop to Seven. If main at work while another union in the his profits go up to Nine, your wages same works is on strike. It is a union drop to One. \ that never forgets the imperative need of That is precisely the way the whole reducing unemployment, and so con world of industry is organized today. stantly aims at the shortening of the Get that clearly and indelibly in your working day; it cares more to cut ten mind and you will see that you have minutes from the day’s work than it does nothing to hope from a political party to add ten cents to the day’s pay. financed by the profit-takers; nothing to The Right Kind of Politics? hope from a labor union whose leaders talk glibly of harmony between Capital The kind of politics that will help you and Labor at banquets paid for by the is the kind of politics that will unflinch Kings of Profit. ingly back up your union in every effort it makes to reduce the army of the un The Way of Salvation. employed. You can only be helped by a Labor Republicans have never done that. Union and a Political Party that do not Democrats have never done that. Neither worship at the shrine of Sacred Profits; Republicans nor Democrats ever will. that aim consciously and deliberately at Why not? Because every cent of the wiping out forever the whole system of enormous sums spent in campaigns and wages and profits, by making you and elections by the Republicans and Demo— your fellows, every man jack of you, full crats is contributed by your employers. and equal partners in all'the business and “The ox knoweth his master’s crib.” The industry of the country. That is nothing Republican and Democratic ofiiceholders less than Social Revolution, and nothing know who pays the freight. They dare less can save you. But that can and will not do anything effective towards re save you and all men by abolishing ducing the army of the unemployed. For poverty from the face of the earth and to reduce the number of the unemployed ushering in the era of glad Fellowship. is to strengthen the right kind of labor unions, and thus to enable them to reduce The Socialist Party. working hours and raise wages. And that N0 political party aiming openly at the means to lower Profits. destruction of the profit system will ever be financed by the Profit Takers. The The Fatal Clash. only party in America not so financed is It matters not to you whether Repub the Socialist Party. The Socialist Party licans or Democrats are in power, for is run and supported by the working neither of them dare touch profits; and class. Its aim is to abolish private prop you can not be helped so long as profits erty in the means of production and dis remain sacred. There is the fatal clash, tribution, and thus wipe out Wages and and until you get that fixed and clear in Profits. Its method from day to day is to your minds you will never kick right aid the working class in every struggle either in your labor unions or in politics. for better conditions. ROBERT RIVES LA MONTE 405
It is the only party for which you can Tomorrow and therefore dared make but vote without “throwing your vote away.” small demands Today. It never dreamt By voting for any other party you vote of ending the wage system. It did not for what you don't want, and get it. wish to interfere with “reasonable Usually you get more of it than you bar— profits.” It believed that the more profits gained for. the masters made the better it’ would be \Vhen once you have learned to vote for the men. the Socialist ticket, you will have passed It is true that most of the unions that politically out of the Broncho Class. You have caught the modern spirit differ in will be voting, not for a change of mas hosts of ways; but the great fundamental ters, but for NO MASTER. difference is the difference of aim. The Old Unionism is without any great and The New Unionism. noble hopes, it is pessimistic; the New But the ballot can not perform Unionism is inspired by glorious hopes miracles. Socialist ballots by themselves that are in very truth certainties; its noble can not destroy the wage-and-profit sys optimism does not allow it for an instant tem, but neither will the wage-and—profit to doubt that it is going to possess the system ever be destroyed by a working earth and the fullness thereof, and that class that has not the sense to vote right. Soon' Other Differences. You are engaged in a death struggle. You can not free yourself from poverty The Old Unionism believed in high and the fear of poverty save by doing initiation fees, high dues, in strict limi away with private property in those tation of the number of apprentices, in things that are used to create wealth. accumulating vast war funds, so that Against you are the rich and mighty, all when the single craft or trade to which the beneficiaries of privilege and all the the union was almost invariably confined, Powers of Darkness. The stronger your struck, it could pay strike benefits for political power appears the more tena many months, while the struggle dragged ciously and desperately will they cling to on and on till the strikers lost heart and the real political power which they and hope. While the one craft struck all the they alone hold. Never will they sur other crafts in the same industry con render to you as long as you seem dis tinued to work and thus helped the bosses posed to make ballots your sole weapons. to beat their fellow workers. The New Unionism aims, not to keep Few Americans who remember the election of 1876 doubt that Tilden was the workers out, but to draw them in. Its elected. Yet Hayes was seated in the doors are wide open, low initiation fees, low dues, little or no limitation of ap White House because the property own ers of the country willed it so. Think you prentices. It realizes that the manual that Bryan would have been seated after skill on which craft distinctions were based is vanishing before the advance of the election of 1896 had he had the votes the Machine. It pays little or no heed to to entitle him to the Presidency? If you craft distinctions, but aims to embrace in do, you know not the temper of Wall one and the same union every man, Street, which did not mean to have mort woman and child in or about a given in gages made on a gold basis paid in silver. dustry. It needs no big war funds, for it You‘ must have beside your good does not wish any long-drawn-out strikes Socialist ballot another weapon. And to starve and discourage the workers. that weapon is the New Unionism. The New Unionism aims at the destruction The New Strike. of the capitalist system root and branch. It believes in striking quick and hard But because it looks to the future, it does with all its weapons at once. It believes not neglect the present. It expects to ad in calling out every man and woman it minister the industries of the world To can at once, and tying up mercilessly the morrow, and to get in practice comes just whole industry. There is no need to pro as near as ever it can to running them long such a strike. It is usually either Today. won or lost in the first three days. It The Old Unionism had small hopes for seldom lasts more than ten. 406 HOW TO KICK
Such, strikes not only gain more and day is still to come. Today no wage gain it quicker for the workers than the slave who hopes to escape from slavery Old Unionism ever did or could, but they can afford to neglect Socialist politics. have political effects. They inspire with Smile all you will at the extravagant pipe a most wholesome fear the political and dreams of the Socialist orator who talks journalistic lackeys of your masters. Just about converting a majority and “voting the other day such a strike forced the in the Co-operative Commonwealth,” but Prime Minister of France to re-organize keep your Socialist Party dues paid up, his Cabinet. attend the meetings of your Local, start The New Unionism has ever before its discussions on the New Unionism every eyes the shortening of the working day time you get a chance, vote the Socialist as a means of reducing the number of the ticket, while you bide your time till the unemployed, as well as of giving the General Confederation of your Revolu workers more leisure for study and tionary Unions shall grow strong enough thought and organization. It shrinks to become itself the framework of the from no means. It believes heart and Co—operative Commonwealth. soul in the General Strike when it is practicable and the issue at stake is great Revolutionary Unionism. enough. But it does not believe that the But your chief reliance, both for the General Strike can work miracles any improvement of your conditions of work more than the Ballot can. and life from day 'to day and for the Above all else, the New Unionism has realization of your goal, the abolition of no romantic hopes of utopian revolution. wage-slavery, must be the New Revolu It knows the workers must save them selves day by day; that nothing but tionary Unionism. To the development revolution can save them, but that part and strengthening of this your every of the revolution can be accomplished energy should be unsparingly given; no every day. sacrifice should be too great. For, unless you can develop a powerful revolutionary Politics and the New Unionism. unionism in America, your lot is indeed In France, where the New Unionism hopeless. has reached its highest development, the Join any Union that can aid you to political movement, the Socialist party, make a bearable living, but if the union preceded it and prepared the ground for be one of the old reactionary unions, it, and was fortunately strong enough to work day and night to develop it_ into a give it much necessary protection in its revolutionary union. If to make a living early years. you are forced to belong to a union af Here in America the agitation of the filiated with the American Federation of Socialist Party and of the Industrial Labor, get all the help you can from it, Workers of the \Norld has prepared the and try to change it. But the day is fast ground for the New Unionism. But the coming when the Old Unionism will be Socialist Party unfortunately has not the powerless to aid you at all. Few men in power efficiently to 'protect the New America know the A. F. of L. so Unionism. thoroughly as my comrade, Max Hayes, Under these circumstances the two and in the September International must develop side by side, and ought to Socialist Review he wrote of it: “It is do so in perfect harmony. more conservative or reactionary than it The political party is the best field for was fifteen years ago.” He is an A. F. agitation and education of the general of L. man, and he ought to know. If he public. It can not be neglected. is right, as I fully believe he is, the sooner But we must not forget that the fiercer it is smashed the better it will be for the Class Struggle grows, the more will you. In the meantime, if you can get the brunt of the battle fall on the New anything out of it, by all means get it. Unionism. The nearer we approach the But if possible, join and do your best day of triumph the smaller will become to upbuild and strengthen a real revolu the role of Socialist politics. But that tionary union. Do your best to strengthen ED MOORE 407 such unions as the Western Federation Spirit More Than Form. of Miners and the Industrial \Norkers of The form of organization is important; the World. the spirit animating the organization is But remember the form of the organ far more important. ization is not the true test of the New You and your fellow workers must Unionism. The Industrial form of or save yourselves from poverty and the fear ganization (which includes in one and of poverty. No one from without your the same union every worker in an in class can save you. You yourselves must dustry) is far more efficient to help its do the work. To do it you must learn to members than the antiquated craft form kick right. The way to kick right is to of organization. But a union may be in kick altogether as a class. To kick dustrial in form and still retain the spirit separately as individuals will do you and most of the vices of the Old Union more harm than good. ism. This has been true of the United Miners until very recently, but of late Two Kinds of Kicks. they have shown many signs of progress You need two kinds of kicks—the Kick toward the New Unionism. Again a Political and the Kick Economic. For' union may retain the craft form of or both you need organization. For the ganization and yet be thoroughly revolu— Kick Political you have the organization, tionary in Spirit and act in the perfect the Socialist Party. You have only to solidarity with the other unions in the learn to use it to make it effective. For same industry. For example, the recent the Kick Economic, the necessary organ Railroad Strike in France was one of the ization is still for the most part lacking. best and most effective strikes in indus You and you alone can create it. trial history and yet the Engineers and Firemen were organized in a union of \VILL YOU DO IT? their crafts separate and apart from the Stupendously great is your oppor— other railway workers whose organiza tunity. tion was industrial. But in practice, the 1m unions acted as one. \Viesbaden, Germany, November 15, 1910
1 CLASS WAR BY ED. MOORE
LL governments are kept up to from hired and slave-laborers. They A take care of property rights. wanted it all for themselves, and to keep Before the landholders in the it they went to war and drove out the colonies overthrew the govern— legally constituted of the British aris ment of the British king, it took care of tocracy. the property rights of the aristocracy, the After pulling down the government of class of which King George was the legal the aristocrats, they established a gov head. 7 ernment of their own and they took very All the agitation against the tax on tea good care to deny legal rights to hired and the stamp taxes were excuses to at and slave—laborers to own wealth pro tack the legal right of the British aris duced by them while working for wages tocracy to take wealth from the property or as chattel slaves. owners in the colonies. Business men would not stand for the Colonial property owners did not want “divine right of kings” to make them di to be compelled to legally share with the vide up the wealth they got by using the aristocratic class the wealth they took king’s government and laws to take it 408 CLASS WAR from “the laboring classes.” It would be no government can represent all the peo— cheaper, the colonial business men saw, ple. A government carried on by kind to get rid of the aristocrats and do the hearted men for those who live off of in governmental work of robbing the wealth comes may make it less disagreeable for producers themselves. Boiled down and the forced laborers, but it will not move made plain, this is the high-sounding in the direction of compelling the legally _Iefi'ersonian doctrine of an “impartial favored class to work to keep itself. government economically administered." Anything that keeps slaves satisfied Handicraft workers, farmers and trad— with their slavery is a good thing for ers settled New England. Money-hunt their masters. It prolongs their rule. ing aristocrats and their piratical and Therefore reforms in government cannot freebooting followers settled the South. In bring about a revolution which will end handicrafts, farming and trading, bosses and working people met on something the legal power of the capitalist class to like a level plane of equality. Lords, cap force the working class to keep it. tains of pirates and chieftains of freeboot G0vernment does not make any of the ers are raised above those they command. things that give comforts and luxuries to Therefore in the North there were the rich and the necessities of life to the friendly neighbors; in the South, vain working class. Capitalists use the force and courteous “leaders of society” and of organized society—the government-— meek servitors to arrogant masters. to make the working class bear all the Land owning and laws to compel labor— burden of feeding, clothing, housing. ers to produce crops on land is the ground transporting and informing all the people. on which aristocracy rests. Markets for It is, therefore. of the greatest impor— the goods made by those they hire for tance for the working class to take the wages are absolutely necessary for manu power of organized society away from the facturers, free farmers and their go-be capitalist class and put an end to the rob tweens—bankers and merchants. bing of the productive workers. Slave owners buy what they feed and Skill in lawyers’ tricks, capitalistic lore, clothe their slaves with in the markets politicians’ promises, theologians’ plans where such goods are the cheapest. Eng for man’s salvation, nor constructors of land bought cotton from the Southern social naradises are not needed to push slave owners, and she sold them goods on the class war to take the government much cheaper than the New England away from the capitalists. No tricks will manufacturers and merchants could. bring forth material wealth. Every maker Fighting to get control of the govern of things knows this without the benefit ment, the Northern manufacturers and of the teachings of doctors of philosophy. merchants used humanity as a plea to get Makers of things must break the chains votes to take the whip hand over the of wage slavery. As they know how to slave owners. State and property rights make things, they will know how to were the slogans the slave owners used legally take things without wasting time to get votes to help them to keep their in endless discussions on the right of hold on the national government. slave owners to be pensioned by the These conflicting interests met in the slaves who have freed themselves. clash of battle in the Civil war and the From the farms, workshops, forests. wage masters defeated the slave masters. mines, trains and ships must come the But those whose labor makes all the people who will answer Marx’s call, wealth still remain legal slaves compelled “Workers of the world. unite. You have to sell themselves for wages to the Cap— nothing to lose but your chains; you tains of Industry and Kings of Finance. have a world to gain,” and use the gov While there is a class that can legally ernment to abolish classes by compelling force another class to labor to support it, everyone to do productive work.
WHERE F URS COME FROM
BY
JACK MORTON
RACCOON.
EW of us realize the amount of tracks of one and all may be easily dis F human labor spent in producing tinguished by the keen eye of the hunter. the furs from which muffs, stoles, Armed with his gun and accompanied caps and coats are made. All dur by his faithful dogs, with the first fall of ) ing the cold season thousands of men are snow, he is up and on the trail, setting busy in the woods of Michigan, Minne traps at long intervals, which he baits sota, \Visconsin, Oregon, Missouri, Idaho with the flesh of the varmints he brings and Montana, trapping fur bearing ani— down on the journey. \Vhen he visits the mals to send to market to be made into traps again on the return trail, often he the fur garments many of us wear. finds fox, lynx, or the white ermine, of Great fur companies are now sending the weasel family, the most valuable of ship loads of traps, ammunition and food all white fur bearing animals. From these supplies into the far northern countries he carefully strips the pelts, packing them for the hardy men who spend the long away in his great sack. days catching seal, tracking the sable, the The white ermine resembles greatly his fox, muskrat, raccoon, skunk, and many deep brown brothers. the Northern and other valuable animals. In a little while the Siberian sable. Both are of the same they will return laden with furs which family of carnivori. Seldom is one found will some day keep out the cold for you over 12 or 14 inches in length and the and me. (If we have the price to pay pelts of the Russian sables bring as high for them.) as $500 apiece. The coats of all fur bearing animals Often a northern farmer will find his grow thicker and glossier and richer with chicken house has been attacked and the coming of snow. Of many the new twenty or thirty chickens killed in a sin coats come in snow—white, so that it is gle night. The weasel seems to possess almost impossible to discover them an insatiable blood hunger and attaches against the spotless landscape. But the itself to the blood vessels of the fowl or
410 WHERE FURS COME FROM
,animal attacked, drinking its life-blood times found as far south as the coast of very quickly and passing on to the next California, where they swim from 150 to victim. 200 miles in search of food. But the new Seal-skins, of course, come from the far government laws will prevent the killing north, although mother seals are some of any but young bull seals hereafter, so that the breeding may continue and the supply remain as great as ever.
Seal peltry are very different from the finished products that we see in the shop windows in the form of seal-skin coats and caps. It takes over three months to prepare these pelts for the coat manu facturers. Every skin is carefully cleaned, softened and dyed before it appears on the market. Fox, wolves, muskrats, mink, raccoon, skunk, squirrels, and oppossum are still found in long-settled ‘ regions. Otters, beaver and marten are found in more re mote districts. But the farmers’ boys of the middle and eastern states put in many odd hours during the winter trapping fu'r bearing animals. Unfortunately there is no way for the trappers to co-operate and protect them selves in disposing of peltry and there are still many dishonest dealers who take ad— vantage of them. Steel traps are the common means of .taking fur today. The trapper usually places his traps, well baited, at a distance of a half or one mile apart. Trappers have to be very wary in setting these traps as a suspicions animal will often avoid a trap and bait for many hours after they have been touched by the hand of man. Sometimes a hungry wolverine will follow the trail of a trapper and sys tematically rob him of valuable catches. Then the trapper becomes a hunter in ‘ earnest, for he will find no reward for all his past endeavors till his enemy has been killed. Beaver traps are usually placed a few inches below the' surface of some stream where the large animals will be caught in passing and quickly drown. A marten is a predaceous little traveler, more of a climber than the mink, but a great hunter among thickets, logs and such things. Old trappers advise every— body to use a spring pole in catching marten, so that the animal may be thrown into the air when caught. This is the best method for skunk also, although not for the same reason. A suspended skunk JACK MORTON 411
is more apt to be peaceable, and a sus are blended and are very much darker pended marten is less apt to have its than any natural fur. The natural dark twenty-dollar coat eaten by some other skins are worth much more than the animal. lighter ones that have to be blended or \Vay up in Canada lives an old man in dyed. Out of these dark skins the manu a small house which he built for himself facturer will make up his fancy pieces— and his wife thirty years ago. His wife say a stole and mufl composed of twelve died in 1885 and since that time the old skins, retailing at one thousand dollars. man has lived alone. Every winter he These prices are, of course, a very long takes up the trail and plants his traps for way from what the trappers got. several miles through a dense wood. The big houses usually work for a cer— Once every week he visits each trap and tain profit and the graders have to co upon his next visit to the village store, operate and make them one way or an he carries with him two or three pelts. other. Sometimes when a trapper kicks For these the store-keeper trades with ab0ut the price offered by the fur buyer, him and the old man receives flour, corn the buyer returns lighter and less valu meal, bacon and other groceries. By and able pelts to him and the trapper has no by the store-keeper finds he has accumu way to prove that he has been cheated. lated sixty or seventy pelts that have Naturally trappers are isolated men. been brought in by the farmers’ boys, the They do not learn of the changes in styles old man and others and he makes a ship of furs, nor the demands for ditferent furs ment to the nearest fur-buyer. in difi‘erent seasons. A red fox skin used A good grader is an important man in to bring about $5.00, but it was several any fur-buying house. It is the work of years before the trappers discovered they the grader to sort and grade furs sold to could get $30 a pelt because of the new the manufacturers so that the work of style and new demand. the fur sewers may be greatly simplified. The silver fox is the rarest and most Nearly all marten or sable garments prized animal for his beautiful fur. A
AT BAY~-LYNX WATCHING THE DOGS. 412 WHERE FURS COME FROM
ERMINE. prominent member of the firm of Becker scratches of the lynx and mink and the Bros. & Co., Chicago, recently told me he caches the wolverine leaves on his way, would be glad to get a silver fox pelt for where he buries, for future need, remains the amazing sum of $5,000. of the varmints he has stolen or caught. The art of trapping is a very old one. \Ninter has come again. All over the Success depends very largely upon a north the earth is covered with the white knowledge of the habits of the game pur~ mantle over which no animal can pass sued. Many books have been written without leaving signs of his going for the about taking furs, but it requires long trapper to read. And it is during these experience to learn to read the signs days that the old trappers take up the written all about a snow covered field or long trails. forest. A dozen men. perhaps, 'have worked The old hunter knows them all. The trapping the mink or marten, sending it small dainty prints of the fox, placed pre to the fur-dealer, grading it, dyeing it and cisely one before the other; the tiny holes making the many pelts up into the made by the snowy ermine. and the trail muffs or collars we see in the store her lithe body leaves between leaps; the windows. '
DANGER AHEAD
BY
EUGENE V. DEBS
HE large increase in the socialist ing promise it holds out to new members vote in the late national and state with more zeal than knowledge of work elections is quite naturally hailed ing class economics that constitutes the with elation and rejoicing by party danger we should guard against in pre members, but I feel prompted to remark, paring for the next campaign. The truth in the light of some personal observations is that we have not a few members who during the campaign, that it is not entire— regard vote-getting as of supreme impor ly a matter for jubilation. I am not given tance, no matter by what method the to pessimism, or captions criticism, and votes may be secured, and this leads them yet I cannot but feel that some of the to hold out inducements and make repre votes placed to our credit this year were sentations which are not at all compatible obtained by methods not consistent with with the stern and uncompromising prin the principles of a revolutionary party, ciples of a revolutionary party. They seek and in the long run will do more harm to make the socialist propaganda so at than good. tractive—eliminating whatever may give I yield to no one in my desire to see offense to bourgeois sensibilities—that it the party grow and the vote increase, but serves as a bait for votes rather than as in my zeal I do not lose sight of the fact a means of.education, and votes thus se that healthy growth and a substantial cured do not properly belong to us and vote depend upon efficient organization, do injustice to our party as well as to the self—education and self-discipline of those who cast them. the membership, and that where these are These votes do not express socialism lacking, an inflated vote secured by com and in the next ensuing election are quite promising methods, can only be hurtful as apt to be turned against us, and it is to the movement. better that they be not cast for the So The danger I see ahead is that the So cialist party, registering a degree of prog cialist party at this stage, and under ex ress the party is not entitled to and in isting conditions, is apt to attract ele dicating a political position the party is ments which it cannot assimilate, and that unable to sustain. it may be either weighted down, or torn Socialism is a matter of growth, of evo asunder with internal strife, or that it lution, which can be advanced by wise may become permeated and corrupted methods, but never by obtaining for it a with the spirit of bourgeois reform to an fictitious vote. We should seek only to extent that will practically destroy its register the actual vote of socialism, no virility and efiiciency as a revolutionary more and no less. In our propaganda we organization. should state our principles clearly, speak To my mind the working class char the truth fearlessly, seeking neither to acter and the revolutionary integrity of flatter nor to offend, but only to convince the Socialist party are of first importance. those who should be with us and win All the votes of the people would do us them to our cause through an intelligent no good if our party ceased to be a revo understanding of its mission. lutionary party, or only incidentally so, There is also a disposition on the part while yielding more and more to the pres of some to join hands with reactionary sure to modify the principles and program trade-unionists in local emergencies and of the party for the sake of swelling the in certain temporary situations to efiect vote and hastening the day of its expected some specific purpose, which may or may triumph. not be in harmony with our revolutionary It is precisely this policy and the allur program. No possible good can come us 414 DANGER AHEAD
from any kind of a political alliance, ex defeats, crushing and humiliating, and press or implied, with trade—unions or the from which the party has not even now, leaders of trade unions who are opposed after many years, entirely recovered. to socialism and only turn to it for use_in We have just so much socialism that some extremity, the fruit of their own re— is stable and dependable, because securely actionary policy. grounded in economics, in discipline, and Of course we want the support of trade all else that expresses class-conscious unionists, but only of those who believe solidarity, and this must be augmented in socialism and are ready to vote and steadily through economic and political work with us for the overthrow of capi organization, but no amount of mere talism. votes can accomplish this in even the The American Federation of Labor, as slightest degree. an organization, with its Civic Federation Voting for socialism is not socialism to determine its attitude and control its any more than a menu is a meal. course, is deadly hostile to the Socialist Socialism must be organized, drilled, party and to any and every revolutionary equipped and the place to begin is in the movement of the working class. To kow industries where the workers are em tow to this organization and to join hands~ ployed. Their economic power has got with its leaders to secure political favors to be developed through efiicient organi can only result in compromising our prin zation, or their political power, even if it ciples and bringing disaster to the party. could be developed, would but react upon Not for all the vote of the American them, thwart their plans, blast their Federation of Labor and its labor—divid hopes, and all but destroy them. ing and corruption-breeding craft~unions Such organization to be effective must should we compromise one jot of our rev— be expressed in terms of industrial union olutionary principles; and if we do we ism. Each industry must be organized in shall be visited with the contempt we its entirety, embracing all the workers, deserve by all real socialists, who will and all working together in the interest of scorn to remain in a party professing to all, in the true spirit of solidarity, thus disreputable methods of ward-heeling laying the foundation and developing the be a revolutionary party of the working superstructure of the new system within class while employing the crooked and the old, from which it is evolving, and politicians to attain their. ends. systematically fitting the workers, step by Of far greater importance than increas step, to assume entire control of the pro ing the vote of the Socialist party is the ductive forces when the hour strikes for economic organization of the working the impending organic change. class. To the extent, and only to the ex Without such economic organization tent, that the workers are organized and and the economic power with which it is disciplined in their respective industries clothed, and without the industrial co can the socialist movement advance and operative training, discipline and efiicien the Socialist party hold what is registered cy which are its corollaries, the fruit of by the ballot. The election of legislative any political victories the workers may and administrative officers, here and achieve will turn to ashes on their lips. there, where the party is still in a crude Now that the capitalist system is so state and the members economically un palpably breaking down, and in conse— prepared and politically unfit to assume quence its political parties breaking up, the responsibilities thrust upon them as the disintegrating elements with vague the result of popular discontent. will in— reform ideas and radical bourgeois ten— evitably bring trouble and set the party dencies will head in increasing numbers back, instead of advancing it, and while toward the Socialist party, especially this is to be expected and is to an extent since the greatly enlarged vote of this unavoidable, we should court no more of year has been announced and the party that kind of experience than is neces is looming up as a possible dispenser of sary to avoid a repetition of it. The 50 the spoils of office. There is danger, I cialist party has already achieved some believe, that the party may be swamped victories of this kind which proved to be by such an exodus and the best possible WILLIAM D. HAYWOOD 415 means, and in fact, the only effectual long entirely to capitalist parties with means of securing the party against such their bosses and their boodle and have no a fatality is the economic power of the place in a party whose shobboleth is. industrially-organized workers. emancipation. The votes will come rapidly enough With the workers efficiently organized from now on without seeking them and industrially, bound\together by the com— we should make it clear that the Socialist mon tie of their enlightened self-interest, party wants the votes only of those who they will just as naturally and inevitably want socialism, and that, above all, as a express their economic solidarity in po— revolutionary party of the working class, litical terms and cast a united vote for it discountenances vote-seeking for the the party of their class as the forces of sake of votes and holds in contempt office nature express obedience to the laws of seeking for the sake of office. These be gravitation.
LOCKOUTS IN GREAT BRITAIN
BY WILLIAM D. HAYWOOD
HE lockout and blacklist, the old with the connivance of their leisure and blood stained weapons of the loving officials. - capitalist class, are certainly being The real big things in this part of the used with a relentless hand by the labor world just now are the lockout of employers of this tight little isle. 46,000 boilermakers by the Ship Builders’ Cotton Workers’ Lockout. Employees’ Federation and the lockout A short time ago 120,000 cotton oper and strike of 30,000 Welsh miners. ators were locked out for more than two Locked Out Boilermakers. weeks because of a trivial dispute arising If there is a law in England against over the discharge of one man. The conspiracy, it surely could be invoked workers in a small mill immediately went against members of the Shipbuilding Em on strike, demanding the reinstatement of ployers’ Federation. In this instance their fellow worker; then the mill owners there has been a coming together of united to break the strike and give the minds, resulting in the misery and suf cotton slaves a summary lesson, by adopt— fering of thousands of innocent human ing the brutal and cowardly method of beings. throwing 120,000 men and women, boys It seems that on March 9, 1909, a cer— and girls into the street, depriving them tain agreement was entered into between of their meager wage and reducing them employers and employees, each agreeing to the pauper line. The trouble was to stated conditions to obtain for the finally patched up, the discharged man period of five years. securing a place in a near-by mill. The men claim the terms of the com Peace now reigns in the textile indus pact were not adhered to, many griev try and human life is again being spun ances arose, the adjustments were slow. and woven into cloth. In the dark and In some instances the ships were away at smoke~grimed streets of Lancashire sea while controversies over work done in towns, before daylight and after dark, one the building of the vessels remained un can hear the noisy click—clack of iron-shod settled. wooden clogs as the patient fellow work The burden of oppression kept growing ers go to and from their toil. until a small body of the men, unable to Day after day the same monotonous stand more, quit work and went on strike. life; there can be no change. They are It was at this juncture that the employ working out the penal servitude of a five ers began to conspire. There was to be years’ agreement fastened upon them adopted a program that would, for the 416 WILLIAM D. HA YWOOD term of the ship yard agreement, at least, any federated firm for a period of six months put an end to any stoppage of work either for the first offense or 12 months for the second and any subsequent offense. In such by one or more individuals. case the fine already paid by the society on The first step in the procedure was to behalf of such member shall, on the expiration lock out the members of the Boiler of the periods named, be refunded to the makers’ Society, perhaps on the theory society out of the special deposit account. Men who have paid their fine or made satis that poverty makes the worker gentle and factory arrangements with the society to do pliable. After this medicine was given so shall not be penalized by being refused time to work, the doctors on the Board employment. of Conciliation (?) drafted the following As a document to which pure and sim— remarkable prescription to be taken with ple trade unionists were a party, this the original five-year dose, as an antidote stands a close second to the famous for strikes. It is known as The York Roosevelt Commission in the anthracite Agreement and here are a few gems: strike of Pennsylvania. “Both parties being in accord that any step— In this case, however, it has been re— page of work is against the best interests of pudiated by a referendum vote. The offi all concerned, and that it is desirable to have cials seemed strangely bent on furthering further arrangements to secure the due ob servance of the Shipyard Agreement dated the program of the employers. They March 9, 1909, in federated shipbuilding yards made no effort to enlist support for the and ship repairing yards, it is hereby agreed as men who were locked out. So flagrant is follows: the wrong, every principle of unionism “‘1.—The society undertakes that any merri ber who is a party to a stoppage of work in being violated, that other trade unionists contravention of the Shipyard Agreement shall have expressed sympathy and a willing be fined for the first offence at the rate of ness to help. They have been rebuffed. 55 Per day for each day's absence from work. Mr. Hill and Mr. Bremner of the The society further undertakes to impose an boilermakers have intimated that the men increased penalty on members guilty of second or subsequent offences. A record of such fines were not in their right minds on the first and of their collection shall be certified each ballot. Accordingly they submitted an— months by a chartered accountant. other, being identically the same, with “‘2.—The society within seven days of any some added explanations. stoppage shall pay the amount of any fines into bank on a special deposit account in the name These officials have received a sting— of the society, to be used solely for the benefit ing rebuke. The second proposal was re of widows and orphans of the members of the jected by a much larger vote than the Boilermakers’ Society. All intromissions con— first. nected with this fund shall be audited by a chartered accountant, and a certified coov of But the responsibility of the employers the account Supplied each six months to the is not ended. Their attempt by means of Federation. the lockout to force the men to their knees “‘3.—In the event of any member of the is inhuman warfare. The men are not the society failing to pay the above fine or failing to make satisfactory arrangements with the chief sufferers. The first victims are the society to do so, he shall not be employed by helpless wives and babies.
BLACKLEGS OR SCABS IN “'HI'I‘E BEING ESCORTED OUT OF TO\VN.
a
THE REVOLUTION IN MEXICO
BY
JOHN KENNETH TURNER
HE prophecy of “Barbarous Mex has failed to control the press of Mexico l ico,” that “Mexico is hurrying to even as well as he has controlled the press ward a revolution in favor of of this country, it would be impossible to democracy,” has been fulfilled. guess at this time either the extent or If a revolution of the same proportions seriousness of the rebellion. The day the existed in Spain, in Russia, or in any revolution started, Diaz suppressed every other European country, as at this mo independent newspaper in the country, ment rages in Mexico, there would be and yet the subsidized papers themselves columns and columns about it in the told more of the truth than did the Ameri American press, there would be page can press! Even the press of England, wide headlines, there would be special which is much farther away from Mexico war correspondents in the field, there in the news sense, has so far printed two would be magazine articles explaining the columns about the uprising to our one! situation. If the revolution is of no importance, if As it is, the newspapers consider it of it does not seriously threaten the Diaz most importance to iterate and reiterate regime, why did the government seize the the official pronouncements, that the revo telegraph wires and prevent the sending lution is Over, that the revolutionists are of any private messages referring to the little more than bands of marauding ban situation? Why did it prevent the sending dits, anyhow, and that the reports of of news messages except messages dictated conflict which have leaked through the by itself? Why did it suddenly suppress all censorship were grossly exaggerated. the independent papers in the country? \Vere it not that a part of the truth Why did it bar out every foreign news has evaded the stifling hand of the cen— paper containing news of the rebellion? sor, chiefly by means of travelers from Why did it hold up private mail both the interior who have arlrived at the entering and leaving the country for days American border, were it not that Diaz and days? Why did it spend huge sums
417 418 THE REVOLUTION IN MEXICO. of money buying up firearms and ammu ful; its program would be considered con nition in stores in all parts of Mexico? servative in this country; its appeal was Why are soldiers patrolling the streets merely that the people insist that there of every border town, and of every in be an actual election, that they insist on terior town, as far as we can find out? their right to vote, and that they vote for Why, if it is nothing serious, were not the Anti~Re-electionist ticket, which was Diaz’s inauguration ceremonies observed headed by Francisco I. Madero. The in the usual fashion? Why, if there is no speakers and the press studiously ob revolution in Mexico, did the Federal served the laws and even refrained from Government, or at least the state govern criticising the character or the acts of ment of Chihuahua, appoint a peace com the “president.” mission to make promises to the rebels Nevertheless, as soon as it became evi and try to induce them to lay down their dent that the opposition movement would arms? sweep the country, Diaz proceeded to That all of these things have been done annihilate it. The story of that campaign seems pretty well authenticated. One I have embodied in one of the chapters needs to know nothing more than these of my book, “Barbarous Mexico.” Suf things to know that there are some very fice it to say here that it is a story of serious happenings going on in Mexico. press suppressions, political imprison Exactly how serious they are, the de ments, banishments, assassinations and tailed stories of the fight, we may not massacres, perpetrated by the government know for many weeks. If the government to destroy a peaceful popular movement. triumphs in the end, we may never know Madero was among those thrown in jail half the story. for “insulting the president,” and when Why is there a revolution in Mexico? “election day” arrived the “election” was Not, as some would have us believe, be a stupendous farce. cause Mexicans have revolution in their Following the announcement of the blood. It is rather because they have man “election” of Diaz and Corral, Madero, as hood in their blood, because they are un soon as he was admitted to bail, issued a willing to be slaves, because they are statement to the effect that all peaceful ruled by a despot and they want democ— avenues for a re-instatement of the con— racy, because there is no way to progress stitution had been exhausted except one, under a despotism except through revolu that if that one failed, then the people tion. I am afraid that Americans gener “would know what they must do.” ally do not approve of revolution any The one peaceful means referred to was more, no matter what the provocation. a protest that might" be filed with the Even some socialists will tell you that Mexican congress against a ratification of armed rebellion is out of place in the the election on the grounds of fraud. This twentieth century. It is the despotism protest, backed by the evidence contained of Diaz that is out of place in the in hundreds of 'afiidavits sworn to by twentieth century. Free speech, free thousands of citizens in all parts of the press, the ballot—these are modern safety country, specifying the frauds com valves against armed rebellion. By deny mitted, was duly filed in September. ing them, Diaz has made revolution in— Since the Mexican “congress” consists evitable in his country. Hence, for the entirely of appointees of Diaz, this step blood that is now being spilled in Mexico, was merely a matter of form. Of course, Diaz and his partners—including his the petition was denied. American partners—are entirely to blame. When Madero announced that the peo The immediate cause of this most re— ple would know what they must do, he cent attempt to overthrow the perpetual meant that they must oppose force with Mexican autocracy was the persecution force. Immediately he began plotting of the Anti-Re-electionist party. About and immediately he was compelled to flee a year ago a movement was started to to the United States to escape arrest on oppose the plans of Diaz to “re-elect” new charges. himself as “president” for the eighth The revolution was set for November time. This movement was entirely peace 20. So well organized is the political spy JOHN KENNETH TURNER. 419 system of Diaz that it was impossible to were transferred from their commands; keep this fact from the government, and according to rumor, some of these were a week before that date the prisons be summarily shot; it is said that eleven gan filling up with political suspects. For were shot in Mexico City alone. Soldiers months the government had closely who were suspected of disloyalty, notably watched the sale of arms, but at great ex at Chihuahua, were disarmed. pense and danger thousands of rifles had A dramatic incident exemplifying the
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BEFORE THE EXECUTION. been smuggled into Mexico and dis activity of the police previous to the ap tributed among some of the secret rebel pointed day occurred in the city of Puebla groups. Many of these rifles were seized; on the morning of November 18. The thus was a terrible blow inflicted before chief of police and a squad of gendarmes the appointed day. The loyalty of the surrounded the home of Aquiles Cerdan, army was doubted. Ofiicers who were a political suspect. Knowing that they suspected of being favorable to Madero would be killed anyway, the inmates of 420 THE REVOLUTION IN MEXICO. the house gave battle, five heroic women, times reported as being successful. Gomez Cerdan’s wife and four others, standing Palacio, a large town near Torreon, was shoulder to shoulder with the men in the captured, but the report that Torreon it fray. The sefiora Cerdan shot and killed self was taken seems to be untrue. the chief of police and the invaders, were Cruces, state of Chihauhau, Santa Cruz, repulsed. Reinforcements came quickly. state of Tlaxcala, Guerrero, state of Tam— Federal troops surrounded the house and aulipas, and several other small towns a batallion of regulars was even sent from seem pretty certain to have fallen within Mexico City. For many hours a fierce the first few days. battle raged, in which it is said that more At this writing, December 7, by reason than one hundred lives were lost. The of the government’s control of the tele revolutionists who were defying the graph, absolutely nothing is known of the whole Mexican army did not give up until southern part of the country. The oppo nearly all of them were killed and their sition to the dictator is stronger in the last cartridge was gone. Two hundred South than in the North. Naturally, it rifles were taken from the house by the would be expected that the rebellion government. would be more successful in the South. Despite such set-backs, November 19 From Yucatan have come Very meagre Madero left San Antonio secretly and reports. There was an uprising in Yuca crossed into Coahuila, and on the 20th tan and it was reported that fifty soldiers and let the people rose in many cities were killed and many wounded. Yucatan and towns in widely different sections of regularly has several thousand troops to the country. In the city of Zacatecas, quell disturbances, yet November 28, a capital of the state of the same name, the regiment of cavalry was hurried away government having seized the arms of from the capital to reinforce the govern the revolutionists, an unarmed demonstra— ment troops in the peninsula. A serious tion took place in the streets, and there revolt in Yucatan might never be heard was a wholesale massacre by the soldiers. of until the rebels were in entire control. Near Rio Blanco, scene of the bloody In the North the revolution seems to strike of 1907, there was a fierce battle, have focussed in the state of Chihuahua, the details of which are not yet known. a large section of which is absolutely in During the first days the government the hands of the rebels. Here the army poured soldiers into this section. of the opposition defies the government, Battles are reported to have occurred at and in several battles has routed strong Torreon, Lerdo, Gomez Palacio, Parral, forces sent to subdue it. In the last days Acambaro, Puebla, Zacatecas, Orizaba. of November General Navarro, at the Cuatro Ciengas, Chihuahua, San Luis head of 600 soldiers, made a sally from Potosi, Camargo, San Andres, Tomo the city of Chihuahua to engage the sachic, Reynosa, Santa Isabel, Durango, revolutionists. He was met at Santa Namaquipa, Cruces, Hermanas, Santa Isabel, where nearly half of his men were Cruz, Pedernales, Madera, Ahualulco killed and he was compelled to flee in dis Etzatlan, Cocula, San Martin, Mazapil, order back to Chihuahua. Juchipila, Concepcion del Oro, Moyahua, November 29, a body of 150 soldiers, lrapuato, Acultzingo, Valle del Santiago, which had sailed from Chihuahua, were San Bernardino Contla, San Pedro de las met at Pedernales and the whole force Colonias, Matomoros de la Laguna, and' was destroyed or captured. a number of other places. Some of the Representatives from an El Paso paper, reported battles undoubtedly did not oc who penetrated the southwestern part of cur. On the other hand, it is more than Chihuahua, reported that they found nine— probable that a good many battles oc tenths of the people of the farming dis curred that were not reported at all. tricts against the government. These Uprisings were reported from as many as people have risen in arms, have taken pos a dozen different states, but nearly all of session of the Chihuahua-Northwestern those mentioned are reported from the railroad and seem to be in absolute pos states near the American border. session of a stretch of 150 miles of the In the battles the rebels were many road and a large slice of country on each JOHN KENNETH TURNER. 421
side of it. In these parts they are so This revolution of the Anti-Re-election strong that the government has so far not ist party should not be mistaken for a dared to penetrate very far into their movement of the Liberal party, many country. members of which have been subjected to Indeed, the operations of the Diaz persecution in the United States during troops in Chihuahua just now seem to be recent years. \Vhile, as always, the work— devoted entirely to defending themselves. ing class will do most of the fighting and Big guns have been rushed from Mexico endure most of the suffering, the move City, fortifications have been erected, ment is dominated by middle class inter— trenches dug; Chihuahua, with nearly ests. If Madero wins, his party will 5,000 regular soldiers within its limits, is undoubtedly free the slaves, ameliorate preparing for a siege. So, whatever the the condition of the peons, pass a few situation in other sections of the country, labor laws, and establish free speech, free at least in Chihuahua the revolution is press and actual elections. As these not dead. things would constitute a tremendous step During the fighting in Chihuahua the forward, I, personally, wish the revolution whereabouts of Madero himself has been every success, whether, in the end it is in doubt. It is probable that, after cross dominated by the Liberal party, or, as ing the border from Texas, he found him— now, by the Anti-Re-electionists. The self unable to effect a junction with rebel Liberal party, would, of course, go farther. forces which he had planned to lead, and The Liberal party would take immediate was forced back, after a battle near Mon— measures to break up the vast haciendas clova, into the mountains of Coahuila or and give the lands back to the people. Tamaulipas, or possibly back into Texas, It would also rigidly enforce the existing though if he is in Texas he is keeping laws against the Catholic church, which very quiet. it suspects Madero would not do. In my
422 THE REVOLUTION IN MEXICO. opinion the Mexican Liberal party is as over to the revolutionist cause. Luckily, thoroughly a movement of the toilers as the army is made up largely of political is the Socialist party of the United States. suspects, labor agitators and workingmen While the leaders of the Liberal party who have been drafter, and they will fight will not endorse Madero or his program, for the purpose of improperly intimidat there is little likelihood of there being a swords of their officers are threatening clash between the two elements, at least them. Give them a chance for their lives not until after the Diaz regime is over and they will desert,’ almost to a man. thrown. \Vhen the revolution started, the Liberal junta, located in Los Angeles, \Vhatever unreported success the revolu— issued a manifesto setting forth the dif— tion may have at this time, it is certain ference between the two movements, but that the government, in general, has the advising its members to take the oppor— upper hand; but if the rebel nucleus can tunity of the Madero rebellion to strike a he maintained as at present in Chihuahua blow at the government. If the revolu for a reasonable time, it must mean the tion grows the Liberal leaders will throw serious embarrassment and probable over themselves into it and attempt to domin throw of the Diaz regime. , ate it in the interests of the more radical This article would not be complete Liberal program. without brief reference to the part the Will the revolution triumph? It is diffi United States government is playing in cult for the ordinary American to under the Mexican crisis. Hundreds of miles stand the tremendous odds against which of the Texas, Arizona and New Mexico these patriots are fighting. The Diaz border are being patrolled by United government is at least ten times as well States troops, ostensibly for the purpose prepared to cope with insurrection as is of enforcing the neutrality laws, actually the United States. Mexico has a standing for the purpose of improperly intimindat— army of 40,000, which is three times ours ing Mexicans who wish to go home and in comparison with the population. fight for the freedom of their country. Mexico has a force of nearly 10,000 rurales The exact text of the neutrality law is and a tremendous organization of regular as follows: . and secret police. The capital has 2,000 “Every person who, within the territory uniformed policemen—double the number or jurisdiction of the United States, he of New York, in comparison with popu gins, or sets on foot, or provides or pre lation. pares the means for, any military expedi And these soldiers, rurales and police tion or enterprise, to be carried on from are everywhere. There is not a town of thence against the territory or dominions respectable size in all Mexico that has not of any foreign prince or state, or of any at least one company of soldiers, as well colony, district or people, with whom the as its quota of rurales. The barracks are United States are at peace, shall be situated in the heart of the city; the dis deemed guilty of a high misdemeanor, and cipline of war is kept up at all times. shall be fined not exceeding $3,000, and Even the equipment of the army is espe— imprisoned not more than three years.” ically designed with a view to putting Does this mean that a Mexican may not down revolt: the Mexican army makes a go home—armed, if he will—to engaged specialty of mountain batteries, and in a movement against the despotism? mountain batteries are most useful in in Not in the opinion of United States. ternal warfare. Judge Maxey of Texas, who reviewed The strength of the revolution lies in some of the cases brought after the up the fact that the people are with it. W'ere rising of 1908. January 7, 1909, the San a fair election held, Madero or any other Antonio Daily Light and Gazette quoted opposition candidate would defeat Diaz ‘ fudge Maxey as follows: ten to one. But majorities do not count “If Jose M. Rangel, the defendant, in a nation that is ruled by the sword. If merely went across the river and joined the revolution wins, it will probably be in the fight, he had a perfect right to do only after a desperate struggle in which so, and I will so tell the jury in my charge. at least a part of the regular army is won This indictment is not for fighting in a JOHN KENNETH TURNER. 423
foreign country, but for beginning and the border towns, too, have been viciously setting on foot an expedition in Val Verde active. A special campaign has been di county.” rected against Mexicans. Hundreds have And yet the United States government been held upvand searched on the streets has persistently prosecuted Mexicans who and hundreds have been jailed for carry have done just this thing and no more. ing concealed weapons or for vagrancy. When I set forth these points in a public The American authorities are certainly interview some days ago, an official of the doing their part in helping Diaz crush the State Department took issue with me, de— . movement against him. So far the Ameri claring that a Mexican has no right to can troops have remained on this side of arm himself and cross the line into the Rio Grande. If the revolution grows Mexico. The official must have known it is extremely probable that they will be that he was not speaking the truth, but sent across, ostensibly to protect Ameri made the statement with the distinct pur can lives and property, actually to hold pose of intimidating Mexicans residing in Diaz, the Mexican partner of Wall Street, the United States and preventing them chief'slave-driver of “Barbarous Mexico,” from joining the rebel forces. The pres on his throne. ence and activity of the troops at the If. under such circumstances, the border themselves constitute a threat that American people are quiescent, I shall be is undoubtedly effective. The police of ashamed that I am an American.
MR. AND MRS JOHN KENNETH TURNER AND BABY. BEGINNERS’ COURSE IN SOCIALISM
AND THE ECONOMICS OF KARL MARX
BY
MARY E. MARCY
No. III. Prices
THE value of a commodity is deter ly as the social labor,necessary to their mined by the necessary social la production changes. Last month we read bor. If someone told me , that of a new molding machine that enables an overcoat was equal in value, or one boy to produce as many castings in contained equal value, to the value of (or one day as four men had been accustomed contained in) a suit of clothes, I would to produce. These castings have now know that the overcoat and suit of clothes greatly decreased in value (in the indi were equal in value because they con vidual plant where the new process is tained equal quantities of the same com used) but the total value of castings, mon thing—labor. in general, has been only SLIGHTLY Generally speaking the value of four reduced. The AVERAGE labor neces pairs of trousers is about equal to the sary to produce castings is only a little value of one coat. Why is the coat more less than formerly. When the new proc valuable than the trousers? And what ess becomes general and the AVERAGE determines the measure of value when we necessary labor greatly reduced, castings come to exchange commodities? will greatly decrease in value. ' You exchange your labor power—to “If we consider commodities as values, the boss—for perhaps $2.00 in gold a day, we consider them exclusively under the and in turn the gold is exchanged for the single aspect of realized, fixed, or, if you necessities of life—food, clothing and like, CRYSTALIZED human labor. In shelter. Why do these commodities ex— this respect they can differ only by rep change for each other? resenting greater or smaller quantities of As we learned before, LABOR is the labor, as for example, a greater amount of measure of value. The coat, mentioned labor may be worked up in a silken hand above, exchanges for FOUR pairs of kerchief than a brick. . “ trousers because the coat contains FOUR “A commodity has value, because it times the quantity of social labor that one is a crystallization of social labor pair of the trousers contain. The relative values of commodities are. The necessary social labor contained in therefore, determined by the respective a commodity (shoes, coats, gold, bread, quantities or amounts of labor worked up YOUR LABOR POWER or whatever it (or contained) in them.” (Pages 56 and may be) determines what it will ex 57, Value, Price & Profit.) change for. The natural tendency is for “In calculating the exchangeable value commodities of equal value to exchange of a commodity we must add to the quan for each other, or for other commodities tity of labor LAST employed, the quan of equal value. tity of labor BREVIOUSLY worked up For example: the amount of wheat pro in the raw material of a commodity, and duced by ten hours of necessary social the labor bestowed on the implements, labor time will exchange for the amount tools, machinery, and buildings, with of cloth, shoes, chairs, gold or some other which labor is assisted.” (Value, Price 8i commodity that will be produced by ten Profit, page 60.) hours of necessary social labor. The value of barrels, for example, is The value, or values for which com determined by the social (factory) labor modities will exchange change constant spent in producing staves and hoops and
424 MARY E. MARCY 425 the labor time used in producing the por Generally speaking, a commodity con tion of machinery worn out in making taining 10 hours of necessary labor will them, as well as the necessary social labor tend to exchange for gold, or any other spent in cutting and hauling (producing) commodity containing TEN HOURS raw logs for use in the mill. OF NECESSARY LABOR. Every time MORE social labor is This is true when price and value are needed in making commodities—shoes, equal. But supply and demand cause hats, gloves, stoves or cigars—whatever commodities to exchange (or sell) above these commodities may be—their value is or below their value, temporarily. INCREASED. Every time the quantity A temporary shortage in coal—when of socially necessary labor is lessened in the supply does not equal the demand— the production of commodities, their may enable the dealers to exchange coal value is DECREASED. ABOVE its value for a short time. An Nearly all kinds of furniture have OVER supply of automobiles may cause greatly decreased in value the past few the manufacturers to offer to sell (or ex years owing to the improved machines change) autos BELOW their value, for used in their production and the relative a time. ly small quantity of labor contained in Prices are often either a little above or furniture. below the value of commodities, but they Gold has steadily been decreasing in are always inclining TOWARD THE value in the past ten years owing to the VALUE OF commodities. improved methods of producing gold and (Please remember that we are not here the decreasing quantity of labor con speaking of monopoly prices. We shall tained in it. consider them in a later lesson.) Rubber is steadily growing more val “If supply and demand equilibrate each uable because the available world supply other, the market prices of commodities has been nearly exhausted and it re— will correspond with their natural prices, quires more time hunting or planting, and that is to say with their values, as deter caring for rubber trees—more labor is mined by the respective quantities of la contained in a pound of rubber than a bor required for their production. . . . few years ago. _ If, instead of considering only the daily Gradually we see huge machines replac fluctuations, you analyze the movement ing the smaller ones in all the great pro of market prices for longer periods . ducing industries and, with the constant you will find that the fluctuations of mar— introduction of more improved ma ket prices, their deviations from values, chinery, the quantity of human labor con their ups and downs, paralyze and com tained in commodities producedJJy mod pensate each other; so that, apart from ern methods—grows less and less. Such the effect of monopolies and some other commodities decrease in value with every modifications I must now pass by, all decrease in the labor embodied in them. descriptions of commodities are, on the Price. average, sold at their respective VAL Price is the money name for which UES or natural prices. . . . commodities exchange. WE are accus “If speaking broadly, and embracing tomed to figure in gold prices. All our somewhat longer periods, all descrip bank notes read “payable in—so much-— tions of commodities sell at their respec gold.” But gold is a commodity just like tive values, it is nonsense to suppose that bread, or overcoats, or dresses or auto profit, not in individual cases, but the mobiles. And commodities tend to ex— constant and usual profits of different change for the sum of gold containing a trades, spring from the prices of commod quantity of labor equal to the quantity of ities, or Selling them at a price OVER labor contained in them. and above their value. That is, if ten dollars in gold contains “To explain the general nature of prof 40 hours of necessary labor, that gold will its, you must start from the theorem that, exchange for (or will BUY) as many on an average, commodities are SOLD pairs of shoes as 40 hours of social labor AT THEIR REAL VALUES, and that will produce. PROFITS ARE DERIVED from selling 426 STUDY COURSE IN ECONOMICS them at their VALUES, that is, in pro of wheat (on the AVERAGE) as it did portion to the quantity of labor realized in 1900; hence its value must have re— (or contained) in them. mained nearly the same. “If you cannot EXPLAIN PROFIT Why then will a hundred bushels of upon this supposition, you cannot ex wheat today exchange for vMORE gold plain it at all.” (From, Value, Price 8: dollars than it did in 1900? Profit, pages 68, 69 and 70.) If the VALUE of both commodities Questions. had remained the same and no monopo Why does skilled labor-power sell (or list controlled the world’s wheat or gold exchange) at a higher price (for more supply, they would exchange upon the gold) than unskilled labor? Does the same basis as formerly. That is, the fact that it requires more LABOR to same amount of gold would exchange for produce a skilled laborer, that it takes (or buy) the same amount of wheat. more years of feeding, clothing and shel Does the decreased value of GOLD tering to PREPARE a skilled workman. result in the farmer getting a higher have anything to do with the VALUE of price (or more gold) in exchange for his their labor-power? wheat crop? Mining experts tell us that it takes (Do not forget that, as Marx says, if much less labor-power to produce the we cannot explain profits upon the basis commodity—gold, than it did a few years that all commodities exchange at their ago. Have you noticed that your gold values, we cannot explain them at all.) (or money) exchanges for fewer com— Next month we shall take up Surplus modities nowadays than it did ten years Value, which explains how capitalists ago? make profits even though all commodities Wheat is produced for a world market. exchange at their values. Do you think wheat has decreased much (Replying to question from L. T. T., in value during the past ten years as com we do not sell our labor. We sell our pared to the decrease in value (or social strength to work or our laboring power, labor necessary) of steel? our labor power. Labor is the expendi We believe it takes very nearly as ture of labor—power. See Value, Price much labor-power to produce a bushel and Profit, pages 71, 72 and 73.
EDITORIAL
Fred Warren Goes to Jail. On December 30, 1905, Frank Steunen berg was killed by the explosion of a dynamite bomb at Caldwell, Idaho. Sev eral weeks later Charles H. Moyer, Presi— dent of the \Vestern Federation of Min— ers; William D. Haywood, Secretary, and George E. Pettibone, an honorary mem ber of the organization, were kidnapped from their home in Colorado and secretly carried off to Idaho on a special train to be tried for the murder of Steunenberg. Requisition papers were issued by the Governor of Colorado on an afiidavit signed by the County Attorney in Idaho, setting forth that the men were present in Idaho when the crime was committed and had fled from the state, although every one concerned knew perfectly well that they had not been in Idaho for months. The \Vestern Federation of Miners was at that time engaged in a death struggle with the mine owners, and it is a fair inference that this kidnapping was a pre—conceived plan to discredit and crush this organization. The capitalist press of the whole country united to fasten the charge of conspiracy to com— mit murder upon these men, while the Socialist press, with scarcely an exception, defended them. They were held for near— ly a year and a half without trial, while strenuous efforts were made by both ac cusers and defendants to arouse public opinion on one side or the other. In this situation Fred D. Warren, editor of the Appeal to Reason at Girard, Kans., con ceived the idea of giving the American people a striking object lesson. W'ith this in view, he had postal cards printed offer— ing a reward for the kidnapping of ex—' Governor Taylor of Kentucky, who was at that time under indictment for murder in his own state and was safe in Indiana, because the Republican governor 01 that state refused to sign extradition papers. FRED wA‘RREN, This object lesson was an important fac Fighting Editor of the Appeal. tor in arousing public sentiment for the imprisoned miners, and when Haywood was finally put on trial he was acquitted; the other men were finally discharged.
427 428 EDITORIAL
But the government officials and their clothing house in the world, is the storm capitalist masters did not forget the part center of the struggle. This corporation Fred Warren played in their defeat, and has out-distanced its competitors by the an indictment was brought against him use of modern machine methods in place for having “sent scurrilous, defamatory of the hand work which has held over and threatening matter through the from bygone centuries in the clothing mails.” After long delay he was tried and trade. But in its thirst for profits it has convicted by a packed jury, every mem kept down wages to the old level, while ber of which was a Republican. From the prices of what the laborers must buy this decision he appealed. Again long de have gone on soaring. At last its wage lays, and finally, after election is over, workers rebelled, and after a brief strug— the Appellate Court has sustained the de gle the corporation offered sham conces cision of the District Court, and Fred sions which would have brought no relief. Warren must go _to jail for six months. Unfortunately its proposals received the On the let of January, he is to begin endorsement of prominent labor leaders serving his sentence. Triumphantly he and philanthropists, and it speaks volumes goes to jail. He has put the Federal for the courage and intelligence of the courts on trial before the working class of striking garment workers that in spite of the United States. He has charged that the defection of their supposed friends they are the tools of the capitalist class they have stood firm. Our capitalist gov to protect the interests of that class and to ernment in Chicago has used the clubs keep the workers down. In sending him of its policemen brutally and mercilessly to jail the courts have pleaded guilty to to crush out the strike. It is different in his charge against them. They have failed Milwaukee, where a sympathetic strike and he has triumphed. They meant to was called. The chief of police, a hold crush the Appeal to Reason. It went into over from the Democratic administration, the fight with a circulation of a quarter was using the patrolmen to suppress the of a million. It now has half a million. strike as is customary under such circum If the government officials are stubborn stances, when he received the following and stupid enough to keep Fred Warren letter: in jail six months, he will come out of it Dear Sir: the editor of a paper with a million en “Complaints have been made here that dis thusiastic subscribers, the most powerful employed citizens have recently been sub man in America. Fortunately for the jected to abusive epithets and rough handling by policemen. working class movement, Fred Warren is “Whatever may be the basis of these com as true and loyal as he is able and re plaints, I want it Understood that no man on sourceful. He strikes with tremendous the police force has the right to interfere power, because he is striking at the ty— with a citizen who is not violating the law. “I expect you as chief of police to make ranny that stands between the working clear to the members of your department that people of America and the happy life they so long as a citizen is within his legal rights want to live. His fight is our fight, and he should not be manhandled or insulted. Of it is a winning fight. ficers tolerating such tactics and patrolmen practicing them will be accountable. “Hoping that reports referred to will on investigation prove to be exaggerated, I am, The Struggle of the Garment Workers. Respectfully, Until now the most helpless and down EMIL SEIDEL, Mayor." trodden victims of the capitalist system, How this letter impressed the Milwau the garment workers of America are kee capitalists may be inferred from the opening their eyes, standing shoulder to following dispatch published in the Chi shoulder and fighting for better pay and cago Tribune: better working conditions. In Philadel Milwaukee, Wis., Dee. 10.—[Special.]—In phia and New York they have forced some an open letter to the mayor and the public, real concessions from their employers; in strongly condemning inflammatory utterances Chicago, as this issue of the REVIEW goes such as were made during the garment work to press, the fight is still on. Hart, ers' strike by members of the Socialist admin istration, and which were followed by rioting, Schaffner and Marx, the greatest scab the directors of the Merchants and Mann INTERN-l 'I‘IONAL SOCIALIST REVIEW 429
facturers’ Association have issued an appeal \Ne congratulate our Milwaukee com for sane thinking regarding the business situa tion_in Milwaukee. The letter says: rades on the stand they have taken and “Recent events in the community reveal a on the enemies they have made. “Muni tendency which demands the earnest consider cipal Ownership” under capitalism does ation of the great body of thoughtful citizens not frighten the capitalists and is a doubt and which should engage the attention of the chief executive. The fact that expressions ful advantage to the wage-workers. But recently have gained currency which tend to to deprive the capitalists of their time— disturb the police and good order of the com munity and seriously impair its prosperity and honored privilege of using the police to stability is to be deplored. club strikers, this is the beginning of the “The number of unemployed is already dis end. Fight it out on this line, comrades: tressingly large. The reports of public utter better even lose one election on such an ances of an inflammatory character, which are heralded t0 the world, tend to impair the issue than win by compromise. But in credit and standing of the city. While they every city the wage-workers are awaking cause unrest at home they are also destruc and uniting. Let us, as the party of the tive of confidence. We strongly condemn all working class, insist that the police be public expressions designed to incite class hatred and to destroy respect for law and used to protect us and not to help our order.” enemies, and victory will be in sight.
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118 West Klnzle Street, Chicago International Language. Booklet containinr Gram mar and Elements of Esperanto {or two-cent stamp. from Arthur Baker, 701 East Fortieth Street. Chl— eugo. Complete compendium (or home lt'udy,‘with propaganda magazine one year, 81.50. INTERNATIONAL NOTES BY WILLIAM E. BOHN
England. The Breakdown of the Old great, slow-moving body of unionists and Unionism. At last something is doing in two energetic but mutually distrustful England. I do not refer to the elections groups of Socialists. The unionists have which are taking place as the REVIEW been organized on craft lines. Most of goes to press. The present Parliament them, 2,400,000, we are told, have been has done nothing for the working class. held down by long-time agreements. During an existence of more than ten Their contracts have been long and their months it has not even discussed the wages short. But they have seemed con— problem of unemployment. And so far tent with things as they are. There has as the infamous Osborne decision is con been little sign of approaching change. cerned Premier Asquith has not ventured The Socialists, on the other hand, seem further than to promise attention to it in to have been exclusively interested in the indefinite future, provided, of course, political propaganda. Whatever interest that his party is returned to power. The they have had in the labor movement has labor group has done little to earn its appeared to be concentrated in the at— keep. In the last hours of the session it tempt to make Socialists of the unionists. did rouse itself enough to do some brave One group, the Social Democrats, have talking. Its chairman even threatened been irritated at the unresponsiveness of on one occasion to abstain from voting. the union men. The union men have not But that was the limit of Laborite accom been able to understand Socialism, hence plishment. So far as can be foreseen at these Socialists have been unable to the present moment the next Parliament understand the union men. Another will be made up much as the, last one group, the Independent Laborites, has was, the Lords have little to fear and worked with the unionists. Many mem the working class little to hope. bers of it have gone to Parliament as rep Nevertheless these are great days in old resentatives of labor. Necessarily these England, days that will be long remem men have come. in course of time, to bered as history makers. One beauty take on much of the conservativism of about the things that are happening now the organizations which they have repre is that they are so intelligible to labor sented. Naturally the two groups of unionists and Socialists of the outside Socialists, both including many sincere world. Last winter the editor of a cer-. and able' comrades, have not been able tain important American Socialist paper to co—operate. They have expended much was foolhardy enough to attempt an an time and space in fighting each other. alysis of the English situation. The re Both have, it is true, done magnificent ward he got for his pains was a tongue propaganda work. But they have done lashing in which Social Democrats and next to nothing in the direction of revo— Independent Laborites joined forces. In lutionary unionism. despair the American editor promised But England is industrially among the never again to express an opinion on any most advanced nations of the world. thing pertaining to the English labor And its labor movement is old and strong. world. So far he has kepthis word. But If America is the classic land of capital~ the events of the past few weeks may well ism, England is surely the classic land 'of give him courage to make another ven labor unionism. So it has been hard to ture. _For these events indicate that at understand why English Socialism has last the labor movement of England is been at ,vvar with itself and English union swinging into line wan the world move ism has remained so long conservative. ment. But the situation is beginning to clear. For years past the English labor move Soon the broad lines of the class-strug ment has seemed to be made up of a gle will stand out as sharply in England
430 WILLIAM E. BOHN I 431 as anywhere else. It is a fine thing to be the air with the music of their old \Velsh able to record. It is with joy that we choruses. Finally a couple of engineers hail the new order of things in old Eng appeared. Immediately they were sur land. rounded by a group of women. So far So far as can be seen from the outside as reports inform us there was nothing the forces which make for the new order but warm argument. That is, until the do not find their beginnings in the vig mounted police interfered. For mounted orous Socialist propaganda which has police had already been sent to the scene been carried on these many years. They of action by the Home Secretary. These rise rather out of the instinctive, un professional disturbers of the peace taught strivings of the hitherto conserva— charged ruthlessly on men, women and tive sections of the working-class. VVork children. Many heads were broken. It ingmen who hitherto have patiently toiled is reported that one union miner has died under conditions established by trade of the injuries received. agreements have suddenly rebelled en Since this Tonypandy riot there have masse. They have ruthlessly broken the been other scenes of violence. Columns contracts entered into by their represent of strikers have attacked a power-house atives. There is something elementally and smashed shop windows. They have awe inspiring about the way in which seen all the forces of society leagued they have disregarded the morality which against them and have grown desperate. they have been taught to hold sacred. So far as can be gathered from reports Take the Welsh miners, for example. they have not done violence to a single Twelve thousand of them were emplOyed human being. in three groups of mines controlled by The strike is still on. The men show the Cambrian Combine. All of these, no a wonderful spirit of solidarity. Yet the matter under what conditions they cards are stacked against them. The worked or how thin the seams of coal South Wales Coalowners’ Association is which they were mining, received one much better organized than the union of shilling nine pence a ton for the coal the miners. When a mine is shut actually brought to the surface. In many down the Coalowners’ Association con localities it was absolutely impossible for tributes to the company involved as much a man to earn at this rate a wage any as its regular income amounts to. The where near the one usually regarded as mine owners can wait peacefully till cold standard. Finally seventy men working and hunger drive their slaves back to a particularly thin seam went on strike. them. All this the men see. And it is Their employers responded by locking teaching them a lesson. __ out all the men employed in the mine af The events in South Wales would he fected. This led to a strike involving all studied in connection with the great Eng the mines controlled by the Combine. lish boilermakers’ strike. This latte: Unfortunately the engineers, stokers, etc.. struggle has been going on for more than employed about the mines did not go out. three months now. Its center is the re After the strike was declared at least gion of the Clyde. The boilermakers 1,000 men of various crafts remained have a strong and rich union. It is one about the mining properties taking care of the most respected labor organizations of the enemy’s possessions. in England. Like the other English craft This fact is what led to the Tonypandy unions it is built upon the trade agree “riot,” which there has been such a talk ment idea. That is, the executive com‘ about. On November 7th at six o’clock mittee of the union enters into a long in the morning some 3.000 men and time agreement with the Employers’ As women marched up and down in the sociation. All questions of wages and neighborhood of the Cambrian mines. conditions are to be settled in accordance Their purpose was to intercept the day with the provisions of this agreement. shift of engineers when it appeared to If a dozen men in a concern somewhere begin its work. For some time all went have to work over-time or perform serv well. From time to time these Welsh ices which do not belong to their trade. miners, true to their \Velsh nature, filled they make a complaint to their union offi 432 INTERNATIONAL NOTES cials. In course of time this complaint dead past and represented and defended is carried to a board of arbitration. At by their leaders. From down in the least that is what is supposed to happen. ranks has swelled up a force which has Often enough, in reality, the men never burst traditional English unionism in hear of it again. If they do, the award is sunder. liable to come so long after the complaint I cannot resist the temptation to insert that, even in case it is favorable, it is of here a passage from an article by Com little value. Yet the agreements under rade Fred Knee in a recent number of which all this takes place have been held the Social-Democrat. Under the title The as sacred as the national constitution. Revolt of Labor he writes most illuminat— Last summer one brave group of boil ingly of the crisis in the world of English ermakers got tired of the sacred agree labor. Especially illuminating is a para ment. Instead of starting a complaint on graph in explanation of the failure of the long road to a distant and uncertain labor leaders to lead. Speaking of union arbitration committee they went on executive officers he says: “It is quite strike. They were denounced by their easy to see where and how they may fail. union officials as anarchists. Their em It is years since they themselves had to ployers answered them with a lock-out. work at these things; and however strong The struggle spread till it involved the their recollection, there are the years be whole of the great boilermakers’ union. tween: and they count. Moreover, con— It has been going on now for more than ditions in the industry itself may have three months. changed; and the incidents of irritation The executive committee of the union, and hardships filter very slowly and in made up of labor leaders of the old type, diluted form from the actual worker, has arrived at an agreement with the through branch official to district official, Employers’ Association. This agreement and on to the general "office. And the has twice been submitted to the men. man at work feels the irritation, has to Every force available has been summoned deal with the hardship day by day, feels to whip them into line. Their leaders cheated hour by hour. Decision on the have berated them. The capitalist press point at issue is far off; his Executive has denounced them. All to no avail. is far away, its action is slow; deliverance Twice they have refused to ratify the from this particular bondage seems hope agreement. The second time they re less that way; he is tied up for five years; pudiated it by a vote of 15,563 to 5,650. and even then there may be no redress. This looks much as if the men knew He sees, too, that for every encroach pretty well what they are about. ment to which he submits the company’s England is very much wrought up over foreman will attempt another. So he all this. The capitalist dailies cannot un kicks—he breaks his contract! And not derstand the utter depravity of the union one of my readers, with anything of the men. The union leaders, alternately Man left in him, but would do the same." scolding and coaxing, cut a sad figure as With this revolt of labor there comes they strive vainly to find a way out. naturally new life for the Socialist move Everyone who can see anything at all ment. A revolutionary working-class begins to see that the events of the past. will surely mean a united Socialist party. few months mean the end of conservative Once get the working-class thoroughly unionism in England. They mean the roused and some of the halting, timid end of the collective bargain extending Liberal-Labor Socialists will have to turn over a period of six or eight years. They real revolutionists or throw off the mask mean the end of grievances smothered and declare themselves unequivocal Lib under the long deferred action of boards erals. The Social-Democrats, on the con of arbitration. They mean the beginning trary, will find it possible to get into of a definite, open, bitter class-struggle. touch with the working-class as they never Economic conditions have reduced the have up to the present time. From being a workers to such straits that their long mere propaganda club they may develop agony has forced them to break through into a real political party. Instead of all the laws laid down for them by the criticising the labor movement from a INTERNATIONAL SOCIALIST REVIEW I 433
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distance. they may become part and par Labor unions and Socialist organiza cel of it. They may come to understand tions have carried on a vigorous agitation modern industrialism and fight for an in against the military designs of the gov dustrial revolution as well as for a po ernment. As a result scores of anti-gov litical one. ernment agitators have been imprisoned. All this lies in the future. But: there The government does not hesitate at the are plenty of'signs that point to its be most violent reactionary measures. coming a reality. Our English comrades, In the midst of the political excitement displaying even more than their usual a great industrial war has broken out. zeal in propaganda work, are everywhere in the field explaining Socialist economics The textile workers of Sabadell have to, the rebellious workers. And in their gone on strike to the number of 18,000. writing about the union movement there Theif chief demand is recognition of their is discernible a new note. As pure—and union. They would win had not the simple unionism goes to pieces pure-and government interfered. National troops simple politicalism also approaches disso have been sent to the scene of action, and lution. according to the last reports they “have SPAIN. Liberal Reaction. When Senor the situation in hand." This means that, Canalejas came into power as Prime. like their comrades in England and Minister much was expected of him. He \Vales, the workingmen of Spain are get was to tame the clericals, break with ting a good taste of liberalism. For the Rome, and institute a really liberal present the Liberal reaction seems to be regime. He has been in power nearly a triumphant both industrially and polit year now. Negotiations with Rome are ically. still hanging fire. And the real power of the Clericals seems to be in no wise diminished. Indeed, if we look at the Pennsylvanla Comrades military activities of the government we ‘ATTENTION” may come to the conclusion that it is really the clericals who sit in the seats of The Great Need of the Socialist Party of Pennsylvania is a State wide means of expression—A Slate Paper the mighty. The government has se- Wisconsin, Oklahoma, and several other states have cured from the Cortes an act empower proven this the most efl’ective me 0d building up our or ing it to raise a loan of $300,000,000. This gnnization. The Comrade has answered the call, and hereafter will be tremendous sum is to be expended upon published a a State paper. Subscription price per year 50 military and naval expansion. With the cents; six months. 25 cents. improved military and naval equipment Get busy, comrades, and let's build up a circulation and war is to be declared with all speed on organization that we can be justly proud of. the tribes of Morocco. Materials of war THE COMRADE are being gathered and Melilla has al l22 Went l2th St., ERII, PA. ready been fortified. A PARTY OWNED PAPER
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THE WORLD OF LABOR BY MAX S. HAYES.
THIS year's A. l". of L. convention made no difference, either. They, too, was, if possible, more tame and list fell under the ban because they are So— less than last year’s gathering or that of cialistic, and at the psychological moment the year before. Nothing new developed. enough craft unions trotted out claims President Gompers made the same ex of jurisdiction to make further procrasti haustive address that he did at previous nation possible in the matter of issuing conventions, and the executive council’s a charter. report lengthened out over half a day’s After the electrical workers’ contro reading by Vice-President Duncan. Other versy was sent to the executive council reports and speeches from the stage the Reid faction gracefully and unselfishly helped to pad out the usual four days’ accepted in toto the plan outlined by time before the delegates could get down Vice-President Duncan, to establish har— to work. ' mony in the trade, viz.: to call conven Pretty much the same resolutions deal tions of both factions to meet in the same ing with jurisdictional questions, demand city at the same time and appoint com ing legislation from law-making bodies, mittees to work out an amalgamation to levy boycotts, endorse union labels, plan, to withdraw all suits now pending etc., were presented as were before the in the courts and to turn over all funds body in former years. Then, after some to the executive council in trust until the perfunctory discussion, the resolutions unions are combined, and now it remains were adopted, rejected or referred to the to be seen whether the tail will continue executive council once more for adjudica to wag the dog, and whether McNulty tion, especially where jurisdictional claims still runs the executive council. were concerned. In the case of the \Vestern Federation About the only discussions that enliv of Miners, the executive council consid— cned the proceedings were those relating ered that organization’s claims after'the to the electrical workers’ troubles and the convention and postponed further action chartering of the \Vestern Federation of until january, about the time that the coal Miners, which, after some debate, were miners meet. The latter insist that the sent back to the executive council. W. F. of M. be admitted, and come in It should be mentioned in this connec they will, no matter what obstacles may tion that attempts were made through— be thrown in the way by the reactionists. out the early part of the convention by If the W. F. of M. is not granted a char certain press agents to arouse the preju ter, after all the invitations sent them dice of the delegates by “doping” news to come in, it will merely hasten .the paper reporters with stories about the merging of the coal and metaliferous min wicked Socialists framing plots to steal ers, and then the latter cannot be vkept the A. F. of L. The fact that the Reid out, no matter what the labor “trust faction of the electrical workers controls busters” may say or do. ' a large majority of the organized men in * * * the trade made no difference to the press THOSE delegates who are Socialists agents. The Reidites were classified as held a number of conferences during “seceders” because the minority faction the convention, and it was decided that, (the McNulty followers) said so, and, of on account of the deliberate misrepre— course. the Reid people were dubbed as sentations to which they were subjected. Socialists, and that was sufficient to coq no resolutions of a progressive character demn them. ‘ would be presented and n0 debates would The further fact that the \Vestern Fed be participated in, so that the conserva— eration of Miners was invited during the tives could perform their same stunts of last dozen years to join the A. F. of L. mediocrity that they did in previous years.
435 436 THE WORLD OF LABOR
Another reason why the “Reds” decided “Q I WILL MAKE YOU to turn a deaf ear to the delegates who importuned them to “start something” PROSPEROUS It you are honest snd ambitious wring me and keep those brethren who were dozing s.y. No matter where you live or what our occupation, I will teach you the Real in their chairs awake, was that their tots business by mail; appoint yon Special Representative of mv Company In your town; measures would have been defeated and start you In s. profitable business of your own, and help you make big money at onco. also would have furnished the capitalistic vaults: Unusual samba-sips?“ op rtunit for men withM ‘5’" at politicians of the country, who are being WI!“ today. 11 pa oulars Fm driven to distraction by the rampant dis NATIONAL m-OPERATIVB REALTY 00. satisfaction that confronts them on every is iii-m“. Prat. 637 “uhiiigi’gni‘iiilgin‘ Mn hand, with a few crumbs of comfort and an opportunity to claim that the tide had turned against radicalism. Qx without a cm! .4001”. prepay the irei ht and allow . I0 DAV. FREE TRIAL on every bicyc 4:. IT ONL' Then, again, the “Reds” were not so 60.?! one cent to learn our rmlleard nfpn‘ar and mar-velour offer: on highest ride 19!! models. 00 not buy: bicyclo 01’ certain that their agitation would not a psIr oi tlros from any one at any prize until you write for our new large A" have encouraged further discussion fa . Catalog and learn our Ivondrrful )rnyorin'on on the first sam Ic vlcycle oing to 'our town. vorable to the formation of a labor party, everywhere are making big mone exhibitin and selling which is not now needed, if it ever was, _ our bicycles. W. Soil cheaper an any or er factory. _ TIRIBI Coaster-Ink. roar whale, lumps, and would only serve to confuse the work ‘ repairs-n1 sundries at Ila/filrualpricts. 90 lot Welt; ‘k v // menu write today (new for our Inlrrt co. rpln'al all" on "" "agar" Iiicvrle. ers. Besides, the Socialist party will Dept. '23! CHICAGO have plenty of work to assimilate the new recruits who are coming into the fold this year and prevent itself from being ham Pub.'s My Price. Price. strung by some radical reform movement Guy De Msupasant. 8 vols. Art Coth. .$ 0.00 t 4.90 Home Medical Library. 6 vols. Halt that may be launched by clever capital Morocco ...... 9.00 4.50 Voltaire's Philosophical Dictionary. Buck istic politicians with the promise of “get-. rarn Gilt Top ...... 15.00 9.50 More Letters 0! Charles Darwin. 2 vols. . 5.00 3.20 ting something now,” week after next or Edgar Allan Poe. 10 vols. Art Cloth. Gilt Top ...... 15.00 8.50 thereabouts. Indeed, Gompers displayed Robert Ingersoll's Works. Dresden Ed. Buckram Gilt Top ...... 30.00 23.50 his thinly veiled contempt for ephemeral Home Library of Law. 6 vols. Cloth... 9.00 4.50 American History and Encyclopedia of and transitory “isms” at every opportu— Music. 10 vols. Q3 Morocco Gilt Top.. 52.00 33.50 Home Study Circle Library. S. Eaton 15. nity, and quite likely the wish fathers the 10 vols. % Morocco Gilt Top ...... 45.00 17.50 Grove’s Dictionary of Music. 5 vols. thought that the rising young Socialist Cloth ...... 25.00 18.50 History of English Literature. Nicol d: movement will be swamped in the same Seccombe. 3 vols. Cloth ...... 6.00 8.50 manner that the Populist revolt was, over Maria. Monk. Wrapped ...... 50 K a dozen years ago. 1.00 .50 The truth of the matter is that the 1.50 .75 War on the White Slave Trade. Traflic Socialist movement doesn’t need to pur In Young Girls ...... 1.50 .75 Genesis to Revelation. Ladd ...... 25 sue the samc tactics that were necessary Might Is Right. Redbeard ...... 50 Law of Population. Besant ...... 25 ten or fifteen years ago to gain attention. Raphael's Key to Astrology ...... - .25 Complete Lectures of Ingersoll. Cloth... 1.00 It is receiving plenty of publicity nowa Theosophy, What It Is and What It Is Not ...... 15 days from all sides, and the problem of God Exists. Almond. 62 pp ...... ,. .50 the future is to educate and organize the The Evolution of the Devil. Frank..." .. . . .25 Age of Reason. Paine ...... 25 newcomers and maintain a class-con Ingersoll‘s Famous Speeches ...... 35 Capt. Morgan’s Expose Masonic Secrets. . 25 scious, militant organization. Big stock of New Thought and Free Thought books. Also Scientific and other books. Mall orders tilled Let us not forget that the resourceful promptly. Est. 1888. 60.000 volumes in stock. Catn capitalistic enemy will send its spies into logues sent on request. 0E0. ENGELKE, Bookseller, 857 N. Clark BL. the Socialist party, just as those soulless CHICAGO, ILL. scoundrels are sent into the trade unions, for the purpose of creating strife and dis RUBBER STAMPS, STENCILS, NOTARY & SOCIETY SEALS, ruption. The time has come to watch out SOLID RUBBER TYPE ETC., in this respect. There are a number of Manufactured By states and cities in which some individ A. STENHOUSE & 00., uals have been and are acting as though 79 s. CLARK sr., CHICAGO, iLL. they had the brand of the Manufacturers’ Special prices to readers of this magazine. MAX 5. HAYES 437
Information Bureau or C0rporations Aux of action? In my opinion, yes; and in iliary or the National Civic Federation my dual capacity I would advise all So on them. The persons that I refer to are cialists to join the trade unions and take never happier than when engaged in hair an active interest in them, and all trade splitting over tactics and starting fac unionists ought to join the Socialist move tional rows, and raising Ned generally. ment, and thus bring about a situation These pinheads seem to take more delight that will enable us to fight effectively in lambasting their own comrades for with our industrial and political arms. some alleged shortcomings than giving And if it is necessary to unhorse a few their attention to the great, broad prin— reactionists on the one side and impos ciples that form the basis of the working sibilists on the other, let us do that. It class movement, and keeping their guns is not a question of keeping leaders and trained upon the common enemy. These spokesmen in positions of prominence, dogmatists and catmatists appear to think but rather the good of the whole Ameri that their mission in life is to denounce can labor movement. somebody else for not being a “good So cialist,” just as the old school of trade Portland, Oregon—I take this opportunity to union leaders, so-called, imagine that it add my indorsement of your series of lessons is up to them to charge others with whom on Marxian Economics by Mary E. Marcy begin ning in the November REVIEW. These and your they disagree as being anything but“good articles on Anti-patriotism are the most vital unionists.” and necessary to the Socialist propaganda; and I repeat that this holier-than-thou dan again let me say the REVIEW has the most ger point should be avoided in the Social— thorough grasp on the needs of the movement of any publication in America. The comrades on the ist party as well as the trade unions. Let Pacific coast are strong for the I. S. L. us rather aim to discover the general prin Yours for the Revolution. W. -G. H. ciples and tactics upon which we can agree; let us go along together as far as possible, for there is work ahead to keep everybody busy—in fact, we are entering Socialist Hustlers! an era, indeed are already in it, that will The Socialist movement has developed put the organized working class move many live, active, up-to-date hustlers, men ment to the fiercest test that ever has who have made records at sub. taking, who been experienced by any modern human can approach people, put up a convincing talk and close a quick deal. We want to institution. Centralized capitalism and get in touch with such men. its multitudinous agencies have never We can show you how to turn this ability into good round dollars. ' ' Light, Jileasant, steady work and a been more powerful than now, and the chance to travel, too, an work for Socialism, if you predictions that the Socialist agitators wish. We have shown others how to make from $08.00 to $100.00 per week. Why not you? made upon the floor of the A. F. of L. WRITE FOR PARTICULARS conventions a decade ago are being ful THE DIXIE PORTRAIT 00. “"5150???” filled. The machinery of production has become trustified and monopolized, and labor is being mercilessly attacked on MONTHLY and expansea to trustworthy every side. The rank and file are begin man and women to travel and diatributo lamploa; big manufacturer. Steady work. ning to appreciate that fact, even if their 8. Scheifer, Tress" MIC-153, Chicago. alleged leaders are not, and there is a widespread wave favorable to indepen dent political action sweeping through the new RUPTURE cum: country. The thinking members of union labor are beginning to understand that Don’t Wear 1: Tuna Brooka' Appliance. New dis the old methods of organization that ob covery. Wonderful. No obnoxious sprlnga or pads. Automatic Alr tained a quarter of a century ago are Cushions. Binds and draws the inadequate in this monopoly age. broken parts together as you would a broken limb. No salvea. No Shall we take advantage of this oppor lymphol. No lies. Durable. cheap. tunity to bring about a closer affiliation Sent on trial. Pat. Sept. 10, ’01. between the unions and the Socialist Catalogue Free. party, each to control its particular sphere C. E. BROOKS, 3794 Brook! Build— ing, Marshall, Mich.
\ NEWS AND VIEWS
COMRADES DEBS AND BREWER.
Our Local Sends This $10.00 for ten Review read “Tm: INTERNATIONAL Revuzw." It has subscriptions. Send us the $10 worth of books been styled “the fighting magazine of the So we ask for as premiums. \Ve are going to cialist movement." This is perhaps true, but give these to the Public Library, and next the style and tone is such, that no one but a week we will come in with another list of bigot can reasonably take offense at anything subscriptions. Book premiums will also go in it. It can be found on sale at all times at to the library. Why don’t you tell other locals how to get free books to donate to the public Alderman’s cigar store, State street, Sharon. who reports “that it sells equally as well as any libraries? Perhaps they would like to do like other magazme on his stand, and he has per wise—W. T. Rubell, Calif. aps the largest sale of magazines of any news stand in Sharon. It is also on sale at Socialists in Gary, Ind., have organized a all Socialist meetings in Sharon. Local of eighteen members with Paul P. Glaser, Gary building, Gary, as their secretary. The Local plans to start a regular educational Rochester, N. Y.—Here are my loyal greet campaign and started a lecture course Decem ings_with my renewal for the constantly im ber 11th; with Secretary Glaser as their first proving REVIEW. Although my hands are tied speaker. Garv ought to be fruitful soil for the financially, I am with you body and soul to movement. and we believe our comrades there carry on the good work. I have not vote for will be able to show great results if they carry anybody in the old robber parties since.» rant out the big plans they have formed. and Colfax ran, and I am beginning to .call myself one of the Old Socialists, and you mav From Sharon, Pennsylvaniaflt makes no know how I glory in the strides the Cause has difference how much or how little you have taken since those days. Yours for Socialism.— read on the question of Socialism, you should A. E. Murray. ‘ 488 INTERNA TIONAL SOCIALIST REVIEW 439
The December Review is the BEST EVER. mas money or spending cash. Good for you From Geo. Humberstone, of Toledo, Comrade Drenk. We hope you will keep at it and at it till you get all your friends and neighbors interested in Socialism. The Review Is Selling FINE—I only got copies three days ago and am almost sold out. Send me 100 for January and 30 more of the Comrade M. E. Haskell of Boston writers: December number. Find check to cover same A capital issue—November, 1910; interesting. enclosed—W. 5. Holly. California. convincing, meaty—an almost incredible growth in readablenessind richness within the C. J. Pickett, of Minnesota—Merowords past two years. Signed—A Proud Subscriber. butter no parsnips; but I am almost as proud Just you wait, Comrade Haskell, till we make of the REer\\-' as though I had had something the REVIEW what we are aiming for. Such to do in making it what it is. post cards as yours make us determined to make the REVIEW the best magazine ever pub‘ lished. - C. E. Kline, Washington.—}Iere is another dollar for which extend my Reerw subscrip H. A. Sullivan, Ohi0.—Please find $3.00 for tion another year. The REVIEW is the only 60 copies of the December Review, tAm well magazine in America worth taking. It gives pleased with your magazine. It’s a good the REAL NEWS. seller and a favorite with the shop boys. You will hear from me again. W. W. Borden-I have been successful in my efforts to persuade Local Union No. 151 J. H. Coon, Idah0.—Enclosed find one dollar to subscribe for 100 INTERNATIONAL SOCIALIST bill to renew my subscription t0 the Review. REViE\vs each month. the best magazine on deck.
Charles Drenk.—Our twelve-year-old com From W. Va.—My barber had promised to rade in Elkhart, writes ordering 20 copies of keep the REVIEW in sight if he gets it free— the December REVIEW early, and advising us so enclosed find $1.00 for which you may send that he was doing fine selling his bundle after the REVIEW one year to C. C., barber, and the school. We wish more of our young com dollar book selected for myself is “Lookino rades would send for bundles to earn Christ Forward."
*— YOU NEED GOOD PRINTING
and you want it delivered promptly at the time agreed. Therefore, would it not be a good business move to place your printing orders with a modern, well-equipped estab lishmentfand take no risk of disappoinment? We will be pleased to quote prices on any thing that can be printed, large or small. JOHN F. HIGGINS OLDEST STRICTLY UNION PRINTING ESTABLISHMENT IN CHICAGO 279 TO 285 E. MONROE ST" CHICAGO
PUBLISHERS’ DEPARTMENT
A Record-Breaking Month. The book sent with order; we open no accounts, sales of the co-operative publishing house and we do not sell books of other pub of Charles H. Kerr & Company for the lishers. month of November were $3,367.59. The receipts of the INTERNATIONAL SOCIALIST Barbarous Mexico. This new illus Review for the same month were $1,386.47, trated book by John Kenneth Turner is a total of $4,754.06. These figures break already a big success, and scarcely an all previous records, but the first four effort has as yet been made to circulate teen days of December show a big in— it outside Socialist channels. The price crease over the corresponding days of is $1.50, but we will mail YOU a copy November, so that we may confidently for 50 cents, provided that at the same expect December to set another record. time you send $1.00 for a year’s sub scription to the Rsvn-zw. American Workers Ready for Social~ ism. That is the meaning of the sudden Co-operative Buying. We have had growth in our literature sales. Through many inquiries from Socialists desiring many long years a few thousand loyal to purchase their supplies of food and comrades have been scattering the Social other necessities co-operatively. Our ob ist message. Until lately we have had jection to such attempts in the past has to force that message upon unwilling been that too often there is no competent ears. Now things are changing. Wage management, and the result is a disap workers everywhere are ready and wait pointment to every one concerned. This ing for the literature of socialism. Party objection is entirely overcome in the case workers who offer it to them find that of t h e Co-operative Bulk Buyers’ the retail profit on sales pays all expenses Agency, whose advertisement appears on and gives a good margin to apply on the another page of this month’s Review. other expenses of the organization. Comrade Walter Huggins, its manager, is a thoroughly experienced grocery buyer We Have ALL the Right Books. Two and salesman, and has facilities for sup years ago we bought the book business plying the best goods for the least money. of the Appeal to Reason and consolidated He has been a party member for many it with our own. We have the electro years, and we can recommend him. Send type plates of all the Socialist classics, him a trial order and you will come back and of all the most vauable propaganda for more. - books. We have no dividends to pay, and we have reduced the wholesale rate Stockholders’ Meeting The annual on books to a point where the hustler meeting of the stockholders of Charles H. who goes out with the books can make Kerr & Company will be held at 118 living wages. West Kinzie street, Chicago, on Satur day, January 14, 1911, at 1 p. m., for the Men Wanted. Five dollars will start purpose of electing a new board of seven any energetic Socialist with enough fast directors for the ensuing year in place selling literature to last him a day or two, of R. H. Chaplin, J. H. Greer, Marcus and when his gone he will have ten Hitch, L. H. Marcy, Charles H. Kerr, dollars in place of five. Make your own Walter Huggins and Charles Roux, selection or leave it to us. For begin whose term of office expires at that time. ners we recommend copies'of the RE We have now over 2,200 stockholders, vnzw and ten-cent books. Five dollars scattered all over the world, and many will bring you, charges prepaid, a hun of them fail to notify us when changing dred of these. Try them and you will their postotfice addresses. If you hold soon come back for more. Cash must be a share of stock and do not receive a
440 PUBLISHER’S DEPARTMENT. 441 communication from us the first week in hundred copies of the latest issue of the January, please send us your present ad— REVIEW or a hundred lO-cent books to dress at once. Heirs of deceased stock be sold at the meeting. This will cover holders are urged to send back the cer— hall rent. We make no profit. We have tificates to be reissued in the name of put the number of yearly subscriptions some one actively interested in the work required for a meeting as low as fifty in of the publishing house. order to meet the needs of struggling Locals that can not raise any large'sum of money. Our margin above actual cost Review Lecture Bureau. Would you on the fifty dollars’ worth of subscrip like to hold a rousing Socialist meeting tions will just pay the expenses of the in your city, to follow up our gains at lecturer; the Local can have the collec the polls and educate the new Socialists? tion and literature sales. A meeting held The REVIEW has a plan that will make it under these arrangements will not ex easy for you. we will send on credit haust your Local; it will put new life to any bona fide local in the central or into it. Besides, it will be a big help eastern states fifty yearly REVIEW sub later on, as you will find, to have fifty scription Cards at $1.00 each, or 200 three of your members and friends reading the months’ cards at 25 cents each. Sell these, REVIEW every month. Locals in New send us the money, and we will send you York and Pennsylvania write Jack Britt one of the following lecturers: Frank Gearity, 201 \Nest 145th street, New Bohn, now out for the New York State York City, for dates. Comrade Gearity Committee, Jack Britt Gearity, of the is in charge of the Eastern end of the New York Call, William E. Bohn, editor Lecture Bureau. Subscription cards will of our department of International Notes, be sent direct from this office. Get busy. or Comrade Carrie Allen, one of the best order and sell the cards, and we will fur woman speakers the party can boast. We nish the lecturer who will deliver the will moreover give the Local FREE a goods.
THE FIGHTING EDlTOR, or Warren and the Appeal, by George D. Brewer, tells the c0mplete story of the Warren
C853. See Editorial page of this month's Review. Cloth, 50 cents postpaid; l0 copies prepaid for $3.00; 40 for $l0.00.
442 PUBLISHER’S DEPARTMENT. THE INTERNATIONAL LIBRARY OF SOCIAL SCIENCE
A Series of Indispensable Books for the Student of Modern International Socialism
INDUSTRIAL PROBLEMS By N. A. Richardson This is THE book for beginners. It deals with conditions in the United States today. It shows how the' average American wage-worker in an up-to- ‘ date industry produces each day goods that sell for at least $10.00; how $8.00 out of this is distributed among capitalists or wasted on useless work. It shows that the only hope for the wage-worker is in revolutionary socialism. Full of facts and arguments that every soci ist speaker and worker needs. PRINCIPLES OF SCIENTIFIC SOCIALISM By Rev. Charles H. Vail An elementary work explaining in full detail and in simple language the es sential principles of socialism. MARXIAN ECONOMICS By Ernest Untermann A popular introduction to Mark’s Capital, written in a most attractive style, and starting out with a condensed industrial history of the world from savagery to capitalism. THE THEORETICAL SYSTEM OF KARL MARX By Louis B. Boudin A thorough, systematic study of Marx‘s theories, showing that they form a complete whole which must stand or fall together. The book also contains con clusive answers to the revisionists and opportunists, and is an indispensable weap on for Socialist speakers and writers. ESSAYS ON THE MATERIALISTIC CONCEPTION OF HISTORY By Antonio Labriola This is THE standard work on one of the most vital principles in the philos ophy of socialism. It will repay careful study, and will be an immense help toward a clear understanding of history and of current events. SOCIALISM AND PHILOSOPHY By Antonio Labriola A book of letters to a friend, discussing the philosophic basis of socialism in a simple, forceful, attractive fashion that makes the book good reading for any one intending to talk or write on socialism. LANDMARKS OF SCIENTIFIC SOCIALISM By Frederick Engels This great work, known in Europe as “Anti-Duehring," is a reply to a univer sity professor who announced his conversion to socialism and attempted to recon struct it on new lines. In puncturing his fallacies Engels makes interesting ex~ cursions into many fields of science, applying the socialist method. LOVE’S COMING-OF-AGE By Edward Carpenter To discuss the social and personal relations of men and women understand ingly it is necessary to be not only a scientist but also a poet. Edward Carpen ter is both. His book shows how changing economic conditions are modifying the , relations of men and women to each other. He writes with an insight that will help men to understand women and women to understand men. His style is fear less and direct yet free from the least touch of coarseness. LOOKING FORWARD By Philip Rappaport Suggestive as Carpenter's book is, it must not be taken as a statement of the attitude of the Socialist Party on the sex question. This is explained in plain prose with forceful logic by Philip Rappaport, of Indianapolis, a party member. His work is a historical study explaining the status of women in history and the changes which the social revolution will make in the institution of marriage. THE PHYSICAL BASIS OF MIND AND MORALS By M. H. Fitch No one can understand socialism without understanding the scientific discov ery that the operations of the human mind are distinctly subject to natural laws as are other phenomena. Mr. Fitch’s book is a thorough and valuable study of this subject, based on the works of Darwin, Spencer and other great scientists. I.\"TIZI\’.’\7ATIONle SOCIALIST REVIEW 443
SOME OF THE PHILOSOPHICAL ESSAYS of Joseph Dietzgen Dietzgen was an intimate associate of Marx and Engels, and ranks with them as one of the founders of modern socialism. This volume contains the brief er and simpler of his writings, including The Religion of Social Democracy, Eth ics of Social Democracy, Social-Democratic Philosophy and Scientific Socialism. THE POSITIVE OUTCOME OF PHILOSOPHY Joseph Dietzgen Besides the work from which this volume takes its name are here included two other of the author's most important works, Letters on Logic, and The Nature of Human Brain Work. Both of Dictzgen’s volumes are invaluable to the so cialist student who wishes to arrive at a clear and consistent view of life and so eiety. SOCIALISM AND MODERN SCIENCE Enrico Ferri This book by the famous Italian criminologist, translated by Robert Rives LaMonte, proves that modern scientific socialism is a necessary outgrowth and a logical consequence of the theory of evolution discovered by Darwin and now ac— cepted by the entire world of science. ' THE RISE OF THE AMERICAN PROLETARIAN Austin Lewis An industrial history of the United States showing how the proletarian— the worker without any ownership in the tools and materials with which he works —has grown to be the most important factor in the industries of the country. The author also shows how the workers are becoming conscious of their class inter ests, and how this class-consciousness must result in revolution. THE CHANGING ORDER Oscar Lovell Triggs A volume of brilliant and suggestive essays, tracing the growth in all capi talist countries of the newly-born spirit of Industrial Democracy, and the ways in which the self~rttlc of the working class will react upon literature and art, upon religion and science, upon work and play. REVOLUTIONARY ESSAYS Peter E. Burrowes Fifty-six short essays in “Socialist Faith and Fancy" by a comrade well known in the Socialist Party. Condensed, thought-provoking, charming in style, good to read over again and again. THE POVERTY OF PHILOSOPHY Karl Marx This book by the greatest of Socialist writers is a reply to a forgotton work by Proudhon, a once famous anarchist and reformer. It is still well worth study, for many of Proudhon‘s ideas are revived from year to year in various forms by various reformers, and socialists should know how Marx punctured them. THE COMMON SENSE OF SOCIALISM John Spargo A popular propaganda book in simple language. in the form of letters ad dressed to a Pittsburg wage-Worker, but equally well adapted to working people on farms and in small towns. THE RECORDING ANGEL Edwin Arnold Brenholtz A socialist novel with a strong plot and a “mystery” that keeps the reader guessing to the end of the volume. The "angel" is an automatic graphophone that records some of the secret talk of a capitalist who was fighting the unions. PRINCE HAGEN Upton Sinclair In our opinion this is Sinclair's best book. A thrilling story, full of action all the way through, which exposes the way in which the capitalists usc theology to keep the workers contented. These twenty books are all substantially bound in cloth; they are uniform in size; they are just what you want for your library if you are a socialist or a student of socialism. Separately they sell for ONE DOLLAR each, but we will send you the TWENTY VOLUMES by express PREPAID on receipt of TEN DOLLARS. You may substitute other books published by us to the same value for part of the titles if desired, but ten dollars must be sent with order. _ Or, we will for $1.30 mail any one of the books and the INTERNATIONAL SOCIALIST REVIEW one year, or for $2.00 we will mail two of the books and the REVIEW two years. And if you are already a subscriber and will send us NEW subscriptions at $1.00 each, we will mail YOU one of these books as your premium for each subscriptioin. Postage on the REVIEW to Canada is 20 cents extra, to other countries, 36 cents. CHARLES H. KERR & COMPANY,VI!8 W. Kinzie Street . . Chicago INTERNATIONAL SOC/ALIST REVIEW
’51—'43 I
a ._ “l'llE anon e linsnil" u “IIIIMANITY’S sun" By FREDERICK FORREST BERRY l 100.000 word story. writtan in tin. and Hood. pavarty ' and pain. sweat and tan, out of tha vary hurt and and of am who has autfarad avary wrong that in tha haritaga - of then that toil unilar Gapitfliam's riot riiia. IT IS ll IIIIIOTIEITI IT I8 I BIIILLEIIEI - IT I! ll IISPIIIITIIIII IT IILL "008E TIIE SUIESI IT WILL III! I SOIIIILIST 0F EVEIIT 0" II") IEIIIS i IT IIIO IS IN IIOPELE88LT IOIOIIIIT IIII BIIIITILIZEI. “We Tha publication of this amt book alil bagin aarialy with I ‘ ' tha January numbar. In tha IITIOI|L IIIP-SII. a monthly i,‘ Socialist Iagazina, prica 50¢ a yaar. ‘ " Tha ragular prica of tha IllP-SII ia 50 GENTS PEI! YEIII II SIIILE Slll , SCRIPTIOIS. but if you and in a club at Four Subscriptions at 0ne Time each one WIII got a full yolr'a subscription for ONLY 26 CENTS. and also got every line 01 THIS GREAT BOOK FREE. If you are unable to get tour aubocribera at thla tlmo, . and ua $1.00 and we WIII enter you tor a full year'a cub ocrlption and aend you three subscription cards. each good for a year's subscription, which cards you can sell at your conven ' lonee (hock number. and sample 609!” furnlshod Iroo.) Addreu The National Rip-Saw St. Louis. In.
a ‘ -; 1" "'“T' p.11 i 9\ 0 r1? ,‘4’ , " ~ -,I .1 '2\ ~ "i" V
INTERNATIONAL SOCIALIST REVIEW 445 As a Reader of the REVIEW You are interested in its EDITORIAL POLICY. You read it for the things that are NOT found in other magazines.
You read it because it is a SOCIALIST publication. You are inter ested in the SOCIALIST POINT OF VIEW! But you ought to know and you want to know more. You want to know all the NEWS of the Socialist and Labor circles. You want to know and you ought to know the significance of current - events from A Socialist and Labor Standpoint. To get this news you must read a. DAILY paper with the SAME EDI TORIAL POLICY AS THE REVIEWI There is such a paper. . That paper is the CHICAGO DAILY SOCIALIST! I It is different from other Daily papers. It Is different BECAUSE It tells the truth. It is a workingman's paper. Its business is human Progress. 15 IS PUBLISHED FOR THOSE WHO DARE TO THINK. If you are a progressive Socialist, and want to keep in touch DAILY with what goes on in the world of labor—want to feel the pulse of the entire Socialist and Labor movement of America—Send in your subscription.
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My Marx for Yourself
Marx’s CAPITAL, the great est ot all Socialist books, is now for the first time within the reach of English-speaking people. lt is in three large volumes. ‘1] Volume l is entitled The Process of Capitalist Productir'm. lt gives in full detail an explanation and analysis of the process by which the wage-worker is com pelled to labor for the bare cost of living, while the Surplus Value which he pro duces is taken from him by the capitalist. ' Cloth, 869 pages, $2.00. ‘1] Volume ll treats of The Process of Circulation of Capital. It deals'with the function performed by merchants and bankers, with the tum-over of capital, and with the reproduction and circulation of the aggregate social capital. Cloth, 6l8 pages, $2.00. ‘1] Volume lll, just published, tells of The Process of Capitalist Production as a Whole. It takes the general principles established in the first two volumes, and ap plies them to the actual facts of society as it is today. This volume explains better than any other book the causes oi Industrial Crises. It shows why it is that the small capitalist is being gradually wiped out, and tr uenil gets an income smaller than the wages of a ski] ed laborer. Finally, it contains an exhaustive dis cussion of subjects which those who know Marx only from Volume l. accuse him of neglecting—namely, Land, Rent and Farming. Cloth, l,048 pages, $2.00. ‘1 The three volumes, in a strong box, will be sent by express repaid on receipt of $6.00, and we will send the pure aser a credit slip for $2.40, which will be receivable the same as cash at any time within a year toward the purchase of a share of stock in our pub lishing house at $l0.00. (1 Or for $l2.00 cash with order we will send the set of boolrs b express prepaid with a fully-paid certifi cate tor a s are of stock. A share alone costs$l0.00. lt entitles the holder to buy any of our books at lorty per cer cent discount from retail prices, we prepaying expressage. Catalog tree on request. CHARLES H. KERR & COMPANY 118 West Kinzie Street Chicago
INTERNATIONAL SOCIAL/ST REVIEW 447 _ . . . . _ .
Under this title the American Magazine began last year an exposure of the horrible slavery now existing in Mexico. Three articles by John Kenneth Turner full of astounding revelations were published in three successive months, and more were promised. Then without warning the publication of these articles was stopped. Mr. Turner attempted to find i‘ afacts capitalist before publisher the American to bring people. his But every door was closed to him. Whether by direct bribery or by ’ indirect influence, Diaz and the American capitalists whose interests he serves control nearly every im ‘ _ portant channel of publicity in the United States. But they do not control our co : operative publishing house. It is controlled by over two thousand ' Socialist workers, and we have un dertaken to publish to the world the facts which John Kenneth Turner has unearthed and which if if ' suppress.Diaz and his friends are trying to \ - Barbarous Mexico, which ~ we expect to publish November 25, will contain with some revision ’ the articles which appeared in the American Magazine. lt will also contain eleven new chapters:
The Country Peon: and the City Poor. The Dial System. Repressive Element. of the Diaz Mo me. The Crushing of Oppooition Parties. The Eighth Unanimous Election of Pro. ident Diaz. Four Mexican Strikes. Critics and Corroborntion. The Diaz-American Pres: Conspiracy. The American Partner: of Diaz. American Persecution of the Enemies of Diaz. Diaz Himself. The Mexlcln People. WHAT HAPPENS TO OPPONENTS OF DIAZ. There will also be sixteen pages of engravings from photographs, many of them taken by the author during a prolonged tour of Mexico made for the purpose of learning the whole truth about that unhappy country. The book will be printed on extra book paper, handsomely bound in cloth with gold stamp ing. and the price, postage included, will be $1.50. I
It is altogether probable that the larger bookseller: of the United States will either refule to sell the book or will keep it out of light In much as possible. We must therefore depend mainly on socialist: to pmh it. tale. We will lend three copies poatpnid to one address for $3.00. nix copies for $5.40, or 20 copies for $15.00, terms cab with order. Addreu Charles H. Kerr & Company, 118 West Kinzie St., Chicago PUBLISHER'S DEPARTMENT.
A FORTY-VOLUME SOCIALIST LIBRARY for $10 No such offer was ever advertised before. No such offer was ever possible before. Ten years ago American Socialism had scarcely any literature. Socialist books were scarce, expensive, and of doubtful quality. Our publishing house has brought the writings of the world's greatest socialist writers within the reach of American readers, and its growth has made possible the publication of many valuable books by American socialists which otherwise would never have seen the light. The books in this library are sold separately at fifty cents each, postpaid. They are strongly and neatly bound in cloth, and most of them are equal in value to books sold by capitalist publishers at $1.00 or $1.50 a volume. We will send the entire library by express prepaid to any address on receipt of $10.00. It includes the following books: Origin of the Family, Engels. Shows the evolution of Class Struggles in America, Simons. A condensed in man in his sex relations. dustrial history of the United States, with references Socialism, Utopian and Scientific, Engels. One of the to authorities. few indispensable books; explaining how revolu The American Farmer, Simons. The pioneer work on tionar socialism difi'ers from reforms. this subject from the Socialist point of view. Feuerbac : The Roots of the Socialist Philosophy. Socialism,_Positive and Negative, LaMontc. A series Engels. Translated and edited by Austin Lewis. of brilliant essays, full 0 suggestions for thinkers. The ommunist Manifesto, Marx and En els. The Anarchism and Socialism, Plechanofi. A historical first and best of socialist platforms. A50 in the study of the two movements, with criticisms of the same volume, No Com romise, Liebknecht. Anarchist writings. Value, Price and_ Profit, arx. The classic statement Evolution, Social and Organic, Lewis. How the evolu of the vital things wage-workers need to know about tion theory arose and how Marx applied it to economics. society. Revolution and Counter-Revolution, Marx. Lessons for Ten Blind Leaders of the Blind, Lewis. Criticisms of present-day revolutionists from the successes and _ prominent reformers and theorists. defeats of 1848. Vital_Pi_'oblems in Social Evolution, Lewis. Socialist The Class Struggle (Erfurt Program), Kautsky. What principles applied to various questions of the day. e Socialists want and how they mean to get it. The Art of Lecturing, Lewis. A practical handbook for The Social Revolution. Kautsk . The world-wide dif ference between Reform an Revolution clearly ex Socialist speakers, revised and enlarge. plained. Goethe's Faust, a Fragment of Socialist Criticism, Ethics and the Materialist Conception of History, Hitch. Shows that even "great" writers are the Kautsky. product of definite economic conditions. Socialism, Its Growth and Outcome, Morris and Bax. The Evolution_ of Man, Boelsche. Darwin’s great ne of the classics; sold until latelI): at $1.25. theory explained in simple language with complete Social and Philosophical Studies, afargue. Wh proofs and with pictures of many of the types capitalists are religious and where the idea of “goo - through which man has evolved. ness" came from fully explained. Germs of Mind in Plants, France. Facts proving that The Right to Be Lazy and Other Studies, Lafargue. plants receive sensations and act on them, just as Caustic satire and clear thinking. people do. - The Evolution of Property. Lafargue. An_industrial The End of the World, Meyer. Describes the destruc history of the world, from savagery to capitalism. tive forces that will in time end all life on the The Sale of an Appetite, Lafar ue. A realistic story earth. of modern Paris, showing w at wage-workers may The Making of the World, Me er. Describes the come to. Illustrated. processes by which a new word grows out of the The Positive School of Criminology, Ferri. A clear wreck of a dead one. explanation of the modern scientific view of crimes The Triumph of Life, Boclsche. A vivid study of life and criminals. ' _ _ in its 'many forms and of its struggle against adverse The World's Revolutiona,_Untermann. A historical study conditions. of past revolutions With a forecast of the one now Life and Death, Teichmann. How and why life ap~ beginning. pears, how and why it disa pears. Science _an Revolution, Untermann. Shows that the Human, All Too Human: a ook for Free Spirits, working class has always championed science, while Nietzsche. A rationalistic study of religion and church and state have opposed it. morals. The Socialists. Who The Are and What They Stand Out of the Dump. Mary E. Marcy. A vivid story of For, Spar o. A han book for be inners. Chicago workin people as they really are. Biographical aemoirs of Karl Marx, iebknecht. The God's Children, Al man. A story of what God’s mes classic life of Marx, by one of his closest associates. sen er saw and did among the palaces and slums The Marx He Knew, Spargo. A brief story of Marx's of .ondon. _ _ life for young people. llustrated with photographs. Socialism for Students, Cohen. An introduction to the What'a So, and What Isn't Work. All the common study of socialism, with references for further read ObJECilDI‘lS to Socialism forcefully answered. ing. This price is for cash with order. We do not sell books on installments, and if you order less than forty of the books at once, the price will be fifty cents each. But if you cannot spare $10 at once we have another offer for you. For $1.30 we will send the International Socialist Review one year and will mail any TWO of the books named above. For $2.00 we will send the Review two years and any FOUR of the books. And if YOU are a sub scriber to the Review, and will find NEW subscribers for us, we will mail you any TWO of the books as your premium for each new subscription. Foreign postage on the Review is 20c to Canada; 36c to other countries. CHARLES H. KERR & COMPANY, Co-operative. 118 West Kinzie Street, CHICAGO
D E B S ' HIS LIFE, WRITINGS . A N D S P E E C H E S
Look into the heart of Eugene V. Debs, and you will find written large upon it: THE WORKERS OF THE WORLD. And this book is a glimpse into the heart of the great Revolutionist. The life sketch, by Stephen Marion Reynolds, one of Debs’ life-long friends and co-workers, is full of personal reminiscences that will inspire the heart of every Socialist. All of Debs’ writings and speeches which he thinks worth preserving appear in this book. How I Became a Socialist re lates how actual battles with capitalists brought Debs to real ize the Class Struggle. The American Movement is a condensed history of Socialism in the United States. The R e pl y t 0 John Mitchell proves b 0 yo n d a doubt that a “labor leader” who serves the interests of capi tal is a. traitor to the wage-workers who trusted him.
The Growth of Socialism, The Federal Government and the You Railroad Men, Chicago Strike, Unity and Victory, Open Letter to Roosevelt, Liberty, Prison Labor, The Issue, The_Socialist Party and the Work Arouse, Ye Slaves, ing Class, Craft. Unionism, Class Unionism, Industrial Unionism, Revolutionary Unionism, with the other contents of this book are the cream of Debs’ writings and speeches. No man can know Eugene V. Debs and fail to recognize his splendid class loyalty, his love for the working class. And to read this book is to know our ’Gene. Extra cloth, stamped in gold, 515 large pages, with 15fu11-page illustrations. Price $1.00, postage included.
CHARLES ILKERR & COMPANY Name 118 West Kinzie Street Street and No, CHICAGO, : : ILLINOIS City
nv wintry. Right o_r wrong
Gustave Herve is now serving a four-year sentence in solitary confinement in a French Military Prison for writing this book. It is the most powerful indictment of war and Patriotism ever written.
We have imported five hundred sheets, all we could get, and have had them bound' in extra red silk cloth, stamped in gold.
Every revolutionary socialist will want a copy, but as there are not enough books to go around we offer REVIEW readers this rare opportunity of securing one copy free.
You cannot buy it at any price.
We will give you a copy, mailing it to your address, if you send three dollars for subscriptions to the INTER NATIONAL SOCIALIST REVIEW. In re
turn for this $3.00 we will send THE REVIEW three years to one name or one year to three new names, or will send you three yearly subscription cards or twelve three-months’ cards.
GUSTAVE HERVE
Charles H. Kerr 8: Company. 118 W. Kinzie Street, Chicago: Cmnrades—Enclosed find three dollars for which please send the International Sacialist Review one year to ' three names, as follows: l . , ...... P. O ...... Stave ......
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