DOCSLIB.ORG

Seasonal Variations in Food Supply for Wild Primates Claude Marcel Hladik

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Seasonal Variations in Food Supply for Wild Primates Claude Marcel Hladik Seasonal Variations in Food Supply for Wild Primates Claude Marcel Hladik To cite this version: Claude Marcel Hladik. Seasonal Variations in Food Supply for Wild Primates. I. de GARINE & G. A. HARRISON. Coping with Uncertainty in Food Supply, Clarendon Press, Oxford, pp.1-25, 1988. hal-00578690 HAL Id: hal-00578690 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00578690 Submitted on 27 Feb 2012 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. observé le14février1975surunîlotdel’Ivindo Ikata, jeunegorillemâle Coprophagie Uncertainty in Food Supply Primates. In : I. de GARINE et G. A. HARRISON HLADIK, C.(Eds.), M. (1988) — Seasonal Variations in Food Supply for Wild Document publiéen1988: . Clarendon Press, Oxford : 1-25. Coping with " - 2 ~ :;; "~- ~ ~~ ~ ~ t- ~ ~ " - ~i~ o " H > .§ cZ 3 xXX X 0- en ~ ~ >~ Q. "0 ~IRI~xxxxxxxxxxxx "0 9. - t>C>t>t>t>t> 0 xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxw 00000 I~ t>!>t>t>!>t>c>t>t>c>t> ° lxxxxxxxxxx o 0000000000 n {> 5~ Ixx00x000x 0 {> 0 Z "Tlx.,- (\l 2 5 Q~ 0x0000 :E ;:::0: :E IT _" 0 iE Ul_ 0< xxx000000 "g. " {> xxxx <0 000000000 ~ ~ {>{> xxxx 00000 ~" {>{> ~ 0xx000 0S c~ xxx -< o ~z Z ." o o " n 1(") ;; Body weight in grams ~ 0" 0~ ~ 0 0 0 00; 0 0~ <0 ~I :r 0 0Z r < ,. c m 0 o "~ 0~ 0 m 0 ~"Q ~ 0 ~ 0 0 . I'~ '" "~ 0m ~m • '0· • ~mro • ~,~ cQ ~ ~'" ~ 1\\\ -0 cz ~,> ~~ 0 ~ I~ c m = 0 ro r\~%\\ ID'" ~ 't~. Q C I/ C ~ • ~ ,~ I \ I~? <;;>~6? -0 ~ ~ \\ ,\ > • .. 0/"8 ~ 0~ I \ .\ 0. I I ~ t ~ C~'" 0- ~ / \\ ~ 1 0 co 1 --.:: - - (f>c ~ ~ :;: ;:; IT ;?-.< ID t Q ~ 10", 'i? \Il1 , CO! "'0 ~f 0- -" '" Body weight -- % deviation from annual mean c3 ~. o z , 6 Z o ." o o o o o o o Activi"' ty DMonthly percentage"'of annual mean o ~ 15 " 1m• mr'<a ,Iil ~ @ I m il1 I I I I w r ... J .. I 11:Q <~ I m m Z ." NI i o o " n ~ r:r: ,. o '" ~ ~~ E.. C: < := ~- ~ .... c~. Percentage of fresh weight ingested ::: _. :-::~~~ z - o o'" o 10 C . M. IILADIK SEASONAL VARIATIONS INZ FOOD." o o tJ SUPPLY 11 o - mature leaves; shoots and tender le,avcs; flowers; immature fruits; mature fruits. The does along the time axis show the different sampling periods, which have been grouped, eo generate sufficient sample size, into two-month successive periods. The resulting graphs indicate the range of the seasonal variations in terms of food intake (total fresh weight}. These graphs illustrate an important methodological point: if we are going to compare the diet of two different species, it is absolutely necessary to sample food intake during the same period, or similar seasons. Consider, for instance, 1he difference of the quantities of fruits ingested by both species, during the dry .;ea son (June-July) and during the wet monsoon season (December). The .trhitrary choice of one of these seasons for only one species would rorally nhscure a compari son, and the species which is in fact the more frugivorous (the gray langur) may appear to ear more leaves than the purple-faced langur. By contrast, if we compare the food cho ices of the two species during .; uccessive periods of the year, a specific constancy can be clearly observed. At .tny rime of the year, the purple-faced langur (Presbytis se11ex) ingests a larger quantity of leaves, especially of tough mature leaves, a nd a smaller amount of Iruits, especially of mature fruits, than does the gray langur (Presbytis entellus). I or boch species, at the end of the winter monsoon (February- March), the Frc. 1.7. The toque macaque, Macaca sinica, foraging for insects in the undergrowth proportion of leaves remains high (95 per cent for the purple-faced langur). of rhe dry forest of Sri Lanka. Protein is the limiting factor for la rge dispersed groups lhe amount of fruits in the diet of both species reaches a maximum during the living in large terntories where fruits are abundant. clry season (June-July): 75 per cent for the gray langur and only 52 per cent fur 1hc purple-faced langur. Tbis amount slowly decreases, heing replaced by llowcrs, mainly in August-September, and by new leaves, particularly abundant there are imporranr variations in the dice of the gray langu. (broken line), with .11 1he 1ime of the wincer monsoon. In December, the total proportion of leaves a minimum at 10 and a maximum at 16 per cent. Similar differences in the ".1round 90 per cent of the dice of the purple-faced langur, bur does nor exceed intensity of the annual variation can be observed for fa ts, and to a lesser extent ''i per ~.:cnt of the diet of the gray langur. (or carbohydrates. T he resulting variation in terms of calories and dietary The dice of the toque monkey, Macaca sinica, is as diversified throughout balance would considerably contrast the rwo primate species. du.: M.::l\onal cycle, bur with an annual mean of 77 per cent of fruits (including Tbese differences between primate species have been understood in terms of wt·d, and fle1.hy pulp) and 4 per cem of animal prey, and can be considered as hchavioural physiology (Hiadik 1977a), according ro other aspects of rhe field '""'Pl'l'ialized' with the meaning defined above (see Fig.1.7). The proportion observations. The groups of purple-faced langurs are small (4 to 7 individuals}, ol lruit~ in~cstcd by the toque monkey during rhe dry season exceeds 95 per .tnd they live in a rather limited territory (2 to 7 ha; Rudran 1970) in which l l'lll, while dming, the winter monsoon rainy season the total proportion of ll.tcy travel for o nly short d istances ro feed on the most common food plants. lluwt• r~o and k·nves may reach 45 per cent and approach chat of fruits. I he larger groups of gray la ngurs (12 to 25 individuals) nor only have a wider i\~t· onlin g 10 the pc r~.:ent a gcs of the different food samp les ingested at differ­ rnrirorial ra nge (10 to 15 ha}, but also are more mobile and active. T hey have ' 111 IH'Irod' of 1he yt·ar, :1nd after 1hc biochemical a na lysis of nil che food .t diet including a large num ber of plaht species, especially the fruit-producing \ ,ltnpk,, 11 w.1~ pm,ihlt· 10 c;tlculatc the proportion of nutricnrs in the diet of pl.tnts such :ts banian and vccrn trees (Ficus bengafensis and Drypetes sepiaria, 1111' dlllt·H'IIl p11111.1tt' '>pn'rt·'· T he 1·csuhin~ ~raphs (Fil!,. l.ll and 1.9) show th: • •· ~pct:llvt: l y), for which 1hcy wil l travel long distances and fight against other v.III,IIIHII'•, rn l\'1111' ol dw pt'lll'lll:IIW of tlw cls·y wt·ighl o( tlw 101.11 food g •o11p::. wlwnlht·\l' food reso11rccs arc loc:ttcd near rhe territorial border (Ripley llll'.t '·Wd , Ios ll11 1wo ·.pnw-. ol lt·.d 1rrorrkt·y. Tht'> .dlow' ·' qtnH· difrt·rrlll I'J70). 1111111'"' ·"11111 ol tlu 1111111 \ ll\ ol \',111 ,1111111, wl11 l h 1111 11)',. 1.1• h.l\t' dw \.lllll' l'hr frl'cl11111 \II,IH'IW nf l ht• put pll· (.I ced l.111gtrt i~ thu~ hase;;d 1)11 a minimum IIHh • 11f rtltj'lltllllh lot luuh '•1'1 111 ' •.t •·111'11\ I 1'\ pc me \\ hu h l'"'"dn .1 Ill\\ h111 H'g11l.11 llll.tkl· of 11111 ricm. The "" . I "" ulo 11111' tltt I''"'' 111 1111 tl• (lip I 11) tlu 1'1 1ph 1=- ~ 111111d 1Ith 1!11 ltu tlu• "" "' v.111.1hl, 111td • ul 1ht I" I\ lttlf\111 1111" ~ p11111l \ ICI .1 .,. .t-.on.dly v.111.1hlr I I I , ttl tt ht h 1\ ltUII llh ltlttt • lttllll t l l tl IIUUI d ltuult u 1. ul elu ""'" J ~ . tn • ~ ...... - = '' ~ _' t'". .... =--< .,. ~ f.: ~. = f ~~ = !:: - Percentage of dry weight ingested o o Ul U Iii i i Iii I iii iii I I TTl I i i I Iii iii II' I I I iii ! r , 1 I\ \ , i \ I I I \ I I ,\ I \ ,I - " 'I~ , \ ~\ - ~' \ \ I, ); ,\ :; Ii- 0 1ro f " , ~ ~0a- ~ , !>( I, ~. I ~Q 0 I , §l. I //1 ro ; ,, w Ll o , ---I I I , I (, •I z , ; Ii ,, , ~ - o:Je--- 1- I I I, : i I I "l~ : i L I j o - o I I I I I I I -';I I I I I , , , - I I I -= -= ~ .;;: o ,, ~ := ~ <: •, , -U 0 I -u , ,/ , 0~ 0"- I \ w • I, "0 C •I , " 6" -- 3 \ , 2 3 I I w • I ! ~.+- ,, , I ~. I ,, , ,, , ,, - ,, D ,, , II ,, I , c ) I , > , , ,, -; , /, , , o ,, I,' , / , I " / , ,. / , , r / I • Z ",. , • I~/ ." z , • o I o ,I, o '. L "" 14 C. M. HLADIK SEASONAL VARIATIONS INz rOODo o t! SUPPLY 15 Foraging time per age and sex class Cercopithecidae 80 /o..'o-.~ P.. · ~ \. The recent work by Gautier-Hion (1980) was carried out with a specific i ?.\ A. / i \.tl 70 technique which, in spite of the difficulty of observing feeding activity of the JF l I\~' /" :~/ ·~~:~.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Taxonomy of Primates in the Laboratory Context
    P0800261_01 7/14/05 8:00 AM Page 3 C HAPTER 1 The Taxonomy of Primates T HE T in the Laboratory Context AXONOMY OF P Colin Groves RIMATES School of Archaeology and Anthropology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia 3 What are species? D Taxonomy: EFINITION OF THE The biological Organizing nature species concept Taxonomy means classifying organisms. It is nowadays commonly used as a synonym for systematics, though Disagreement as to what precisely constitutes a species P strictly speaking systematics is a much broader sphere is to be expected, given that the concept serves so many RIMATE of interest – interrelationships, and biodiversity. At the functions (Vane-Wright, 1992). We may be interested basis of taxonomy lies that much-debated concept, the in classification as such, or in the evolutionary implica- species. tions of species; in the theory of species, or in simply M ODEL Because there is so much misunderstanding about how to recognize them; or in their reproductive, phys- what a species is, it is necessary to give some space to iological, or husbandry status. discussion of the concept. The importance of what we Most non-specialists probably have some vague mean by the word “species” goes way beyond taxonomy idea that species are defined by not interbreeding with as such: it affects such diverse fields as genetics, biogeog- each other; usually, that hybrids between different species raphy, population biology, ecology, ethology, and bio- are sterile, or that they are incapable of hybridizing at diversity; in an era in which threats to the natural all. Such an impression ultimately derives from the def- world and its biodiversity are accelerating, it affects inition by Mayr (1940), whereby species are “groups of conservation strategies (Rojas, 1992).
    [Show full text]
  • The Behavioral Ecology of the Tibetan Macaque
    Fascinating Life Sciences Jin-Hua Li · Lixing Sun Peter M. Kappeler Editors The Behavioral Ecology of the Tibetan Macaque Fascinating Life Sciences This interdisciplinary series brings together the most essential and captivating topics in the life sciences. They range from the plant sciences to zoology, from the microbiome to macrobiome, and from basic biology to biotechnology. The series not only highlights fascinating research; it also discusses major challenges associ- ated with the life sciences and related disciplines and outlines future research directions. Individual volumes provide in-depth information, are richly illustrated with photographs, illustrations, and maps, and feature suggestions for further reading or glossaries where appropriate. Interested researchers in all areas of the life sciences, as well as biology enthu- siasts, will find the series’ interdisciplinary focus and highly readable volumes especially appealing. More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/15408 Jin-Hua Li • Lixing Sun • Peter M. Kappeler Editors The Behavioral Ecology of the Tibetan Macaque Editors Jin-Hua Li Lixing Sun School of Resources Department of Biological Sciences, Primate and Environmental Engineering Behavior and Ecology Program Anhui University Central Washington University Hefei, Anhui, China Ellensburg, WA, USA International Collaborative Research Center for Huangshan Biodiversity and Tibetan Macaque Behavioral Ecology Anhui, China School of Life Sciences Hefei Normal University Hefei, Anhui, China Peter M. Kappeler Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology Unit, German Primate Center Leibniz Institute for Primate Research Göttingen, Germany Department of Anthropology/Sociobiology University of Göttingen Göttingen, Germany ISSN 2509-6745 ISSN 2509-6753 (electronic) Fascinating Life Sciences ISBN 978-3-030-27919-6 ISBN 978-3-030-27920-2 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-27920-2 This book is an open access publication.
    [Show full text]
  • The Japan Monkey Centre Primates Brain Imaging Repository for Comparative Neuroscience: an Archive of Digital Records Including Records for Endangered Species
    Primates (2018) 59:553–570 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10329-018-0694-3 ORIGINAL ARTICLE The Japan Monkey Centre Primates Brain Imaging Repository for comparative neuroscience: an archive of digital records including records for endangered species Tomoko Sakai1,2,3,4 · Junichi Hata2,3,5 · Hiroki Ohta3 · Yuta Shintaku6,7 · Naoto Kimura7 · Yuki Ogawa3 · Kazumi Sogabe8 · Susumu Mori1,9 · Hirotaka James Okano3 · Yuzuru Hamada10 · Shinsuke Shibata2 · Hideyuki Okano2,5 · Kenichi Oishi1 Received: 26 February 2018 / Accepted: 9 October 2018 / Published online: 24 October 2018 © The Author(s) 2018 Abstract Advances in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computational analysis technology have enabled comparisons among various primate brains in a three-dimensional electronic format. Results from comparative studies provide information about common features across primates and species-specifc features of neuroanatomy. Investigation of various species of non- human primates is important for understanding such features, but the majority of comparative MRI studies have been based on experimental primates, such as common marmoset, macaques, and chimpanzee. A major obstacle has been the lack of a database that includes non-experimental primates’ brain MRIs. To facilitate scientifc discoveries in the feld of comparative neuroanatomy and brain evolution, we launched a collaborative project to develop an open-resource repository of non-human primate brain images obtained using ex vivo MRI. As an initial open resource, here we release a collection of structural MRI and difusion tensor images obtained from 12 species: pygmy marmoset, owl monkey, white-fronted capuchin, crab-eating macaque, Japanese macaque, bonnet macaque, toque macaque, Sykes’ monkey, red-tailed monkey, Schmidt’s guenon, de Brazza’s guenon, and lar gibbon.
    [Show full text]
  • Population Dynamics of the Toque Monkey, Macaca Sinica
    /?7_f-P'^KS Population Dynamics of the Toque Monkey, Macaca sinica 1975. In: "Socioecology and Psychology of Primates". ii. II. 'l\ittle, ed., I out on xtiblishers: 'Dhe Hague, pp. 125-151 WOLFGANG P. J. DITTUS INTRODUCTION Fundamental to any understanding of the adaptation of animals to their natural environment is the knowledge of their numbers and life and death characteristics. The data on population dynamics to be presented here is based on a three and one-half year field study of the toque macaque, Macaca sinica (Linnaeus 1771) of Sri Lanka (Ceylon). Publications deal- ing with aspects of ecology and behavior are in preparation. The toque macaque, a member of the family Cercopithecidae, shares the subgenus Zati (Reichenbach 1862) with the bonnet macaque, M. radiata (Geoffroy 1812), of southern India and possibly M. assamensis (McClelland 1839) of northeastern India and Burma (Hill and Bernstein 1969). In its range M. sinica is confined to the forested regions of Ceylon, and three subspecies have been recognized; M. s. sinica (Linnaeus 1771), M. s. aurijrons(Pocock 1931), andM. s. op'tsthomelas(Hill 1942), Research was supported, in part, by National Science Foundation grant GB-3545, awarded to Dr. John F. Eisenberg; National Institute of Mental Health grant RolMH15673-01; -02; research grant 686 from the National Geographic Society; and Smithsonian Institution Foreign Currency Program grant SFC-7004, awarded to Dr. I. F. Eisenberg and Dr. Suzanne Ripley. It is a pleasure to express my gratitude to Dr. John F. Eisenberg whose support, advice and kind encouragement made this research a reality. I thank especially Messrs.
    [Show full text]
  • Subspecies of Sri Lankan Mammals As Units of Biodiversity Conservation, with Special Reference to the Primates
    Ceylon Journal of Science (Bio. Sci.) 42(2): 1-27, 2013 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/cjsbs.v42i2.6606 LEAD ARTICLE Subspecies of Sri Lankan Mammals as Units of Biodiversity Conservation, with Special Reference to the Primates Wolfgang P. J. Dittus1, 2 1National Institute of Fundamental Studies, Kandy 2000, Sri Lanka. 2Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Washington, DC 20013, USA. ABSTRACT Subspecies embody the evolution of different phenotypes as adaptations to local environmental differences in keeping with the concept of the Evolutionary Significant Unit (ESU). Sri Lankan mammals, being mostly of Indian-Indochinese origins, were honed, in part, by the events following the separation of Sri Lanka from Gondwana in the late Miocene. The emerging new Sri Lankan environment provided a varied topographic, climatic and biotic stage and impetus for new mammalian adaptations. This history is manifest nowhere as clearly as in the diversity of non-endemic and endemic genera, species and subspecies of Sri Lankan mammals that offer a cross-sectional time-slice (window) of evolution in progress: 3 of 53 genera (6%), and 22 of 91 species (24%) are endemic, but incorporating subspecies, the majority 69 of 108 (64%) Sri Lankan land-living indigenous mammal taxa are diversified as endemics. (Numerical details may change with taxonomic updates, but the pattern is clear). These unique forms distinguish Sri Lankan mammals from their continental relatives, and contribute to the otherwise strong biogeographic differences within the biodiversity hotspot shared with the Western Ghats. Regardless of the eventual fates of individual subspecies or ESU’s they are repositories of phenotypic and genetic diversity and crucibles for the evolution of new endemic species and genera.
    [Show full text]
  • MMS-Sri-Lanka-Dec-2019
    Trip Report – Sri Lanka, Dec 2019 We spent 5 days/nights mammal watching at the start of our holiday in Sri Lanka. We saw 33 species in total, 27 new for our life list. Everything we saw matches up with many other trip reports to the area, our highlights were sloth bear and a completely unexpected otter. Toque macaque, Wilpattu NP We arranged the trip with Bird & Wildlife Sri Lanka, who are excellent operators and our guide Diluk was great. We concentrated on 3 nights in Wilpattu NP and 2 nights in Sigiriya. December really is the wrong time of year: it's the wet season, so vegetation is high and animals aren't concentrated around water, plus the farmers set of huge frecrackers to scare elephants out of the crops which (so our guide says) also scares off the nocturnal predators. This might explain how we saw none of the small cats. Zero, zilch, nada, despite putting in 24 hours of night spotlighting over 5 nights. Wrong time of year. Also a full moon. Wilpattu NP is dry zone forest with lakes (and lots of fooding when we were there!). Morning and afternoon game drives are by safari truck, and often done as whole-day drives because it's about an hour along the access road into the heart of the park – bit dull doing that four times in a day. It's all about the leopards, although as other species pop up almost anywhere that's not a problem. Chital are common, sambar and muntjac were also seen on every drive.
    [Show full text]
  • (Mandrillus Leucophaeus) CAPTIUS Mireia De Martín Marty
    COMUNICACIÓ VOCAL EN DRILS (Mandrillus leucophaeus) CAPTIUS Mireia de Martín Marty Tesi presentada per a l’obtenció del grau de Doctor (Juny 2004) Dibuix: Dr. J. Sabater Pi Codirigida pel Dr. J. Sabater Pi i el Dr. C. Riba Departament de Psiquiatria i Psicobiologia Clínica Facultat de Psicologia. Universitat de Barcelona REFLEXIONS FINALS I CONCLUSIONS 7.1 ASPECTES DE COMUNICACIÓ UNIVERSAL L’alçada de la freqüència dins d’un repertori correlaciona amb el context o missatge que es vol emetre. Es podria pensar que és un universal en la comunicació. Davant de situacions de disconfort o en contextos anagonístics, la freqüència d’emissió s’eleva. A més tensió articulatòria, augmenta el to cap a l’agut. La intensitat és un recurs que augmenta la capacitat d’impressionar l’atenció del que escolta. A la natura trobem diferents exemplificacions d’aquest fet, fins i tot en espècies molt allunyades filogenèticament com el gos o l’abellot que en emetre el zum-zum, si se sent amenaçat, eleva la freqüència d’emissió. En les vocalitzacions de les diferents espècies de primats hi ha trets acústics homòlegs, que s’emeten en similars circumstàncies socials. Els senyals d’amenaça acostumen a ser de to baix en els primats i, en canvi, els anagonístics estridents i molt aguts; alguns senyals d’alarma tenen patrons comuns en els dibuixos espectrogràfics i, fins i tot, altres espècies diferents a l’espècie emissora en reconeixen el significat. Podríem deduir una funció comunicativa derivada de l’estructura acústica. En crides de cohesió, les de reclam d’atenció o amistoses, l’estructura acústica és tonal; quan informa d’una ubicació, tenen diferents bandes de freqüència; les agressives i d’alarma tenen denses bandes freqüencials; i les agonístiques o més emotives – que expressen un elevat estat emocional (‘desesperat’)- són noisy o molt compactes.
    [Show full text]
  • Menopause in Nonhuman Primates: a Comparative Study with Humans
    We are IntechOpen, the world’s leading publisher of Open Access books Built by scientists, for scientists 4,800 122,000 135M Open access books available International authors and editors Downloads Our authors are among the 154 TOP 1% 12.2% Countries delivered to most cited scientists Contributors from top 500 universities Selection of our books indexed in the Book Citation Index in Web of Science™ Core Collection (BKCI) Interested in publishing with us? Contact [email protected] Numbers displayed above are based on latest data collected. For more information visit www.intechopen.com Chapter 3 Menopause in Nonhuman Primates: A Comparative Study with Humans María de Jesús Rovirosa-Hernández, Marisela Hernández González, Miguel Ángel Guevara-Pérez, Francisco García-Orduña, Abril de los Ángeles Aguilar-Tirado, Abraham Puga-Olguín and Brisa Patricia Vásquez-Domínguez Additional information is available at the end of the chapter http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.69657 Abstract Although menopause is a phenomenon predominantly studied in humans or laboratory animals, this chapter discussed the case of nonhuman primates (NHPs), not only with the objective of employing them as study models but also to better understand phylogenetic divergence among species. Those taxonomic differences are reflected in reproductive processes that may be similar to those of human beings, with the presence of a defined cycle or periods of estrus, but perhaps at different ages as well, where menopause plays a crucial role. First, it is important to delimit the concept of menopause by consider- ing its anatomical, physiological, and biochemical parameters, including the cessation of menstrual bleeding or perineal swelling—when present—or follicular depletion and hormonal changes.
    [Show full text]
  • Preliminary Survey of the Distribution of Four Potentially Zoonotic Parasite Species Among Primates in Sri Lanka
    J.Natn.Sci.Foundation Sri Lanka 2013 41 (4): 319-326 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/jnsfsr.v41i4.6246 RESEARCH ARTICLE Preliminary survey of the distribution of four potentially zoonotic parasite species among primates in Sri Lanka M.A. Huffman 1* , C.A.D. Nahallage 2, H. Hasegawa 3, S. Ekanayake 4, L.D.G.G. De Silva 4 and I.R.K. Athauda 4 1 Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Japan. 2 Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Gangodawila, Nugegoda. 3 Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Japan. 4 Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Gangodawila, Nugegoda. Revised: 31 May 2013; Accepted: 19 July 2013 Abstract : The occurrence of four parasitic species of zoonotic potential, Entamoeba coli , Entamoeba histolytica / INTRODUCTION dispar , Trichuris sp. and hookworm was investigated in the toque macaque, grey langur and the purple-faced langur at 32 It is known that 27.5 % of all parasites found sites across Sri Lanka. The study was carried out during the in wild primates, have also been reported in rainy season months of February - March in both 2007 and humans (Pedersen et al ., 2005). Given the genetic in 2009 and in December of 2010. 93 faecal samples were relatedness of non-human primates with humans, the collected from 49 monkey troops at representative locations potential for zoonotic transmission between them is in altitudinal /climatic zones across the country where toque expected to be high in areas of close contact (Wolfe macaques (58 samples), grey langurs (21 samples) and et al ., 1998).
    [Show full text]
  • (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 8.236,308 B2 Kischel Et Al
    USOO82363.08B2 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 8.236,308 B2 Kischel et al. (45) Date of Patent: Aug. 7, 2012 (54) COMPOSITION COMPRISING McLaughlin et al., Cancer Immunol. Immunother, 1999.48, 303 CROSS-SPECIES-SPECIFIC ANTIBODES 3.11. AND USES THEREOF The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Food and Drug Administration, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, “Points to Consider in the Manufacture and Testing of Monoclonal (75) Inventors: Roman Kischel, Karlsfeld (DE); Tobias Antibody Products for Human Use.” pp. 1-50 Feb. 28, 1997.* Raum, München (DE); Bernd Hexham et al., Molecular Immunology 38 (2001) 397-408.* Schlereth, Germering (DE); Doris Rau, Gallart et al., Blood, vol.90, No. 4 Aug. 15, 1997: pp. 1576-1587.* Unterhaching (DE); Ronny Cierpka, Vajdos et al., J Mol Biol. Jul. 5, 2002:320(2):415-28.* München (DE); Peter Kufer, Moosburg Rudikoff et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 79: 1979-1983, Mar. (DE) 1982.* Colman P. M., Research in Immunology, 145:33-36, 1994.* (73) Assignee: Micromet AG, Munich (DE) International Search Report for PCT International Application No. PCT/EP2006/009782, mailed Nov. 7, 2007 (6 pgs.). *) Notice: Subject to anyy disclaimer, the term of this Bortoletto Nicola et al., “Optimizing Anti-CD3Affinity for Effective patent is extended or adjusted under 35 T Cell Targeting Against Tumor Cells'. European Journal of Immu U.S.C. 154(b) by 491 days. nology, Nov. 2002, vol. 32 (11), pp. 3102-3107. (XPO02436763). Fleiger, D. et al., “A Bispecific Single-Chain Antibody Directed Against EpCAM/CD3 in Combination with the Cytokines Interferon (21) Appl.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Classification of Nonhuman Primates
    BLBS036-Voevodin April 8, 2009 13:57 Part I: Introduction to Primatology and Virology COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL BLBS036-Voevodin April 8, 2009 13:57 BLBS036-Voevodin April 8, 2009 13:57 1 Classification of Nonhuman Primates 1.1 Introduction that the animals colloquially known as monkeys and 1.2 Classification and nomenclature of primates apes are primates. From the zoological standpoint, hu- 1.2.1 Higher primate taxa (suborder, infraorder, mans are also apes, although the use of this term is parvorder, superfamily) usually restricted to chimpanzees, gorillas, orangutans, 1.2.2 Molecular taxonomy and molecular and gibbons. identification of nonhuman primates 1.3 Old World monkeys 1.2. CLASSIFICATION AND NOMENCLATURE 1.3.1 Guenons and allies OF PRIMATES 1.3.1.1 African green monkeys The classification of primates, as with any zoological 1.3.1.2 Other guenons classification, is a hierarchical system of taxa (singu- 1.3.2 Baboons and allies lar form—taxon). The primate taxa are ranked in the 1.3.2.1 Baboons and geladas following descending order: 1.3.2.2 Mandrills and drills 1.3.2.3 Mangabeys Order 1.3.3 Macaques Suborder 1.3.4 Colobines Infraorder 1.4 Apes Parvorder 1.4.1 Lesser apes (gibbons and siamangs) Superfamily 1.4.2 Great apes (chimpanzees, gorillas, and Family orangutans) Subfamily 1.5 New World monkeys Tribe 1.5.1 Marmosets and tamarins Genus 1.5.2 Capuchins, owl, and squirrel monkeys Species 1.5.3 Howlers, muriquis, spider, and woolly Subspecies monkeys Species is the “elementary unit” of biodiversity.
    [Show full text]
  • 2018 Sri Lanka Herps & Birds-Species List
    Species List SRI LANKA - SEPTEMBER 2018 Leader: James Adams BIRDS Common Name Species Name Lesser Whistling Duck Dendrocygna javanica GALLIFORMES Phasianidae Grey Francolin Francolinus pondicerianus Sri Lanka Junglefowl Gallus lafayettii Indian Peafowl Pavo cristatus CICONIIFORMES Ciconiidae Painted Stork Mycteria leucocephala Asian Openbill Anastomus oscitans Woolly-necked Stork Ciconia episcopus Lesser Adjutant Leptoptilos javanicus PELECANIFORMES Threskiornithidae Black-headed Ibis Threskiornis melanocephalus Eurasian Spoonbill Platalea leucorodia PELECANIFORMES Ardeidae Black-crowned Night Heron Nycticorax nycticorax Striated Heron Butorides striata Indian Pond Heron Ardeola grayii Eastern Cattle Egret Bubulcus coromandus Grey Heron Ardea cinerea Purple Heron Ardea purpurea Great Egret Ardea alba Intermediate Egret Ardea intermedia Little Egret Egretta garzetta PELECANIFORMES Pelecanidae Spot-billed Pelican Pelecanus philippensis SULIFORMES Phalacrocoracidae Little Cormorant Microcarbo niger Indian Cormorant Phalacrocorax fuscicollis Great Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo SULIFORMES Anhingidae Oriental Darter Anhinga melanogaster ACCIPITRIFORMES Accipitridae Crested Honey Buzzard Pernis ptilorhynchus Crested Serpent Eagle Spilornis cheela Changeable Hawk-Eagle Nisaetus cirrhatus Black Eagle Ictinaetus malaiensis Shikra Accipiter badius Besra Accipiter virgatus Black Kite Milvus migrans Brahminy Kite Haliastur indus White-bellied Sea Eagle Haliaeetus leucogaster Grey-headed Fish Eagle Haliaeetus ichthyaetus GRUIFORMES Rallidae White-breasted
    [Show full text]