PSYC 100

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Emotion

■ Emotions reflect a “stirred up’ state ■ Emotions have : positive or negative ■ Emotions are to have 3 components: ß Physiological ß Subjective ß Behavioral expression

Autonomic Arousal

■ Increased rate ■ Rapid ■ Dilated pupils ■ Sweating ■ Decreased salivation ■ Galvanic Skin Response

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1 Theories of

James-Lange

■ Each emotion has an autonomic signature

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Assessment of James-Lange Theory of Emotion

■ Cannon’s arguments against the theory: ß Visceral response are slower than emotions ß The same visceral responses are associated with many emotions (Î heart rate with and ). ■ Subsequent research provides support: ß Different emotions are associated with different patterns of visceral activity ß Accidental transection of the greatly diminishes emotional reactivity (prevents visceral signals from reaching )

2 Cannon-Bard Criticisms

■ Arousal without emotion (exercise)

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Facial Feedback Model

■ Similar to James-Lange, but not autonomic signature; facial signature associated with each emotion.

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Facial Expression of Emotion

■ There is an evolutionary link between the experience of emotion and of emotion: ß Facial expressions serve to inform others of our emotional state ■ Different facial expressions are associated with different emotions ß Ekman’s research ■ Facial expression can alter emotional experience ß Engaging in different facial expressions can alter heart rate and skin temperature

3 Emotions and Darwin

■ Adaptive value ■ Facial expression in infants ■ Facial expression x-cultures ■ of expressions x-cultures

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Facial Expressions of Emotion

■ Right cortex—left side of

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Emotions and

■ But experience matters: research with isolated monkeys

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4 Culture and

■ Public vs. private display of emotions Western vs. Asian cultures

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Cognitive Perspectives on Emotion

■ Plato: “ must rein in the passions” ■ Schachter and Singer (1962): cognitive judgements are a critical part of emotional experience: ß Subjects are aroused by an injection of and then exposed to anger or cues ß The emotional cues played a prominent role in emotional experience

Schachter-Singer Experiment

■ Effects of vitamin on visual acuity ■ Confederate ■ Epinephrine ■ 4 conditions: epinephrine-informed epinephrine-misinformed epinephrine-ignorant placebo-ignorant

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5 Schachter-Singer Theory of Emotion

Dutton & Aron (1974)

■ In a large park ■ Two types of bridges (i. v.) ■ How many called interviewer? (d. v.)

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