Accidental transboundary water pollution prevention – contingency planning, early warning, mitigation Budapest, Hungary 04 - 05 November 2019
SP2.2
Joint Expert Group on Water and Industrial Accidents (JEG) and ICPDR
Contingency planning, accidental water pollution prevention with special regard to transboundary waters in Romania
PhD Septimius MARA (Ministry of Water and Forests of Romania) 1 Background of the water accidental pollutions assessment in Romania
As a result of our analysis of inventory major industrial plants in Romania, in conjunction with hazardous substances inventoried on site, we have identified that additional information on the risks of contamination analyzed or polluting activities, present at on an industrial site, may lead to the initiation of a risk evaluation, in order to determine the probability of a potential damage and affected areas (fig) for example: “Danube Delta Area”
Fig. Main failure mechanisms for the major accidental transboundary river pollution from Romania in recent years (event tree, for accidents/incidents) related to natural hazards 2 Industrial facilities distribution on hydrographical basins from Romania
SIRET 14% JIU PRUT 2% SOMES-TISA A RGES 2% 31% 2% IA LOMITA - BUZA U BEGA -TIMIS 14% 7% MURES CRISURI 14% 14%
3 Fig.6 Transboundary Natural hazards in Romania:
Flood returning period of 100 years map of (Danube Delta region)
4 Case studies of recently transboundary event - sudden melting of thick snow coverage on a former plant
Pollution localization – observed on Prut River on 24.2.2017 untill 07.03.2017 Description: A pollution with transformer oil originated from SC FORTUS Iași (factory under insolvency) occurred on the Prut river at the confluence with Jijia River, affecting the Romanian bank with irrization (remediation problems due to ice coverage)
RO MD 6 PCB’s concentration monitoring in Prut River Quality parameter
PCB’s (µg/l) No. crt. Sampling Point Sampling time
PCB 28 PCB 52 PCB 101 PCB 118 PCB 138 PCB 153 PCB 180
1 r. Jijia – Opriseni bridge 27.02.2017 < LOQ < LOQ < LOQ < LOQ < LOQ < LOQ < LOQ
2 r. Prut – downstream cfl. 27.02.2017 < LOQ < LOQ < LOQ < LOQ < LOQ < LOQ < LOQ Jijia (Prisacani) 27.02.2017 < LOQ < LOQ < LOQ < LOQ < LOQ < LOQ < LOQ 3 r. Prut - Prisacani 28.02.2017 < LOQ < LOQ < LOQ < LOQ < LOQ < LOQ < LOQ
27.02.2017 < LOQ < LOQ < LOQ < LOQ < LOQ < LOQ < LOQ 4 r. Prut – waterintake Gorban 28.02.2017 < LOQ < LOQ < LOQ < LOQ < LOQ < LOQ < LOQ
5 r. Prut - Dranceni 28.02.2017 < LOQ < LOQ < LOQ < LOQ < LOQ < LOQ < LOQ Pollution effects on the water courses affected: Valea Adanca, Nicolina (450m), Bahlui (1500m), Jijia (5900m) and Prut River no dead fishes observed Prut River / PIAC-RO / Tranformer_Oil_Spill_FORTUS-SA-Iasi_24-02-2017_ Prut-River-Romanian-bank Remediation measures 24h a day, using : 46 absorbent barrages (longest 138m), during night power generators and reflectors Remediation measures: spreading of 14600 absorbents pads, 40 rollers, 1100 carpets and 120 pillows, 90 kg thread, 290 black wire, 139 kg wooden sticks, 1400 bags, 150 kg wraps (total recovered quantity of 30 tones used absorbents and 20 tones of unpurified water for neutralization by a specialized operator) End of Alert: on 07th March 2017, was finished the depollution activity of the affected water courses (Adanca, Nicolina, Bahlui, Jijia) with transformer oil originated from SC FORTUS Iași (factory under insolvency) including the transboundary river Prut, at the confluence with Jijia River.
As a result of the cleanup measures (including supplementary discharge evacuation of 65 cm/s from upstream Stanca Costesti reservoir, during 25-26.02.2017, and deviation of the stream to Jijia Veche branch, 4 km upstream of the confluence with Prut River, at Chiperesti hidrotechnical network), undertaken by the National Water Romanian Authority Prut-Bârlad (neighborhood Water management systems: Botosani, Vaslui and Barlad) including depollution materials from Dobrogea NWRA: Total remediation costs: 142.000 euro (covered by NWRA Prut-Bârlad); Remediation measures – spreading of 5600 kg of granular absorbents - Spill-Sorb, HEG, GLOBAL; Penalties to polluter: 25000 euro. Preparedness and planning for emergency situations
The functioning of a rapid allert and reaction system in case of an accidental spill is one of the main activity of the Ministry of Environment. The legal basis of a rapid reaction system (or warning alarm system) is represented by the transboundary conventions (Fig. ). 1992 – Convention on the The riparian countries will Protection and Use of Request inform each other by reciprocity, Transboundary Watercourses withouth any delay regarding and International Lakes any critical situation with potential transboundary impact.
For the area of the hydrographical basin Danube
Notification of the increasing of contaminants in the Danube Danube River Request river or in any river of the hydrographical basin are Protection identified Convention
Principal International Alert Centre in case of Accidental Pollution on the Danube River (PIAC– has to be immediately informed) 13 Fig. (1) NOTIFICATION: 1.1. National level - responsible authorities for notification of an emergency at national level; - For the prevention of the accidental pollutions is operational a national system for the information management, assured by the National Administration “Romanian Waters”, and the collection of the information are performed by permanently monitoring the water quality courses (Fig. ). -The major institutions involved in this system are: the basin and the county units within National Administration “Romanian Waters”, the county and local Commissions for defense against the disasters, the county Inspectorates for Emergency Situations. The adequate functioning of this system, lead to a substantial reducing of the economical damages in case of any pollution incidents. - The information is disseminated at all organizational structures from the national, counties and local level, involved in operative actions against the accidental pollutions (Fig. ). 14 S.A.P.A. ROM - subsystems
SAPA-ROM – components
International subsystem
-PIAC-ROM (MM) Danube transnational - ICIM network - A.N.A.R.
Water management National Directions – DA’s subsystem Water management -- A.N.A.R. systems – SGA’s
Water management Directions – DA’s Water management Fig. systems – SGA’s 15 S.A.P.A. ROM - subsystems I N DANUBE RIVER T S Trans boundary Local S and pollution N E U pollution U Tributaries A R B B T N S S I A Y Y O T S S N I T T TRANSBOUNDARY A O E Trans boundary Local E pollution RIVERS pollution L N M M A L
Fig. 16 PARLIAMENT PRESIDENT LOCAL COUNTY AND Fig.INTERNATIONAL GOVERNMENT CDSC NATIONAL EMERGENCY ORGANISATIONS MANAGEMENT STRUCTURES NATIONAL EMERGENCY SITUATIONS COMMITTEE IN ROMANIA
NATIONAL OPERATIONAL CENTRE MINISTERIAL COMMITTEE PERMANENT AND TEMPORARY FOR EMERGENCY SITUATIONS OPERATIVE CENTRES
DISPATCH COMMAND POST DISPATCH CENTRES
COUNTY COMMITTEE FOR COUNTY OPERATIONAL CENTRES EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT
COMMAND POSTS
RESPONSE CELLS LOCAL COUNTY FOR OF RISK SOURCE TOWN OPERATIONAL CENTRES EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT COMPANIES
INFORMATION SOURCES INFORMATION SOURCES
17 WATMAN project – the appliance of the Romanian national strategy elaborated by MEWF for water management in case of disasters
1.Informational 2.Expert System-DSS System for Water Management
WATMAN automated stations
3.Communication System
4.Warning System
5.Rapid Response Center 18 TERRITORIAL DISPATCH CENTERS STRUCTURE (HYDROGRAPHICAL BASIN DIRECTIONS)
19 General framework for water resources of the WATMAN decision support system
20 Online alert threshold calculation through ICPDR-AEWS website (www.icpdr.org/aews)
Fig. 21 Alert thresholds for water pollution for common water contaminants
The lessons learnt resulted from the previous accidents, indicate the presence among oil products, in many cases of the waters resulted from the fire extinguised actions, the mining waste water mixed with considerable ammount of sterile with various contents of heavy metals, sludge and the manure waste waters. Therefore a separate approach is considered for the most common water contaminants (tab.).
Released substance mixture Warning to be issued Warning to be issued [ kg ] or [ l ] [ kg ] or [ l ]
Intake stream discharge Qm Intake stream discharge Qm < 1000 m3/s > 1000 m3/s
Oils (non-specified) ≥ 1 000 ≥ 10 000
Quench water / fire extinguishing ≥ 10 000 ≥ 100 000 ≥ 10 000 ≥ 100 000 Slurry, and Sewage (animal) Suspended ash ≥ 100.000 ≥ 1.000.000 Water Risk Index (WRI) 2 3 22 Thank you for your attention!