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ROYAL SCOTTISH FORESTRY SOCIETY Visit to BOLTON ABBEY Monday 13Th – Friday 17Th May, 1991

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ROYAL SCOTTISH FORESTRY SOCIETY Visit to BOLTON ABBEY Monday 13Th – Friday 17Th May, 1991 ROYAL SCOTTISH FORESTRY SOCIETY Visit to BOLTON ABBEY Monday 13th – Friday 17th May, 1991. at the invitation of the Royal Sorestry Society of England, Wales & Northern Ireland by kind permission of The Duke of Devonshire. Agent: John M. Sheard, FRICS Forest Manager: John Cumberland, BSc., FICFor. SYNOPSIS In 1988, the RFS (EWNI) and the RSFS held a memorable, joint, three-day meeting based at Inverness. The RFS is glad to be able to reciprocate that kind gesture by its senior, northern counterpart and organise a similar event this May based at Harrogate, North Yorkshire. Whilst the joint excursion is officially only for the first three days, the RFS hopes that many RSFS members will stay on for the whole of the week which forms our 1991 Whole Society Meeting. The programme for the week is as follows: Sunday evening 12th May. Mr. Andy Neustein, Forestry Commission Conservator for Northern England, will give an introductory talk in the Crown Hotel, Harrogate, at 8.30 p.m . Monday 13th May. A whole-day excursion to Bolton Abbey in Wharfedale, will look at management of woodlands in the increasingly important context of conservation, landscape, and recreational pressures. There will be inputs from the North Yorks Dales National Parks, RSPB, and English Nature (ex Nature Conservancy Council). At 4 p.m. in Bolton Abbey Village Hall the RFS Annual General Meeting and RSFS Annual Business Meeting will be held. Tuesday 11th May. (Morning) Management of afforestation on water catchment areas and the whole theme of forests and water are very much in the public limelight. Our joint morning visit to the YORKSHIRE WATER Plc RESERVOIRS in the Washburn Valley will look at management constraints and objectives for that situation. There will be a short talk by Dr. Adrian MacDonald of Leeds University on research work on water quality in relation to forestry. Tuesday 14th May. (Afternoon) The projects to establish Community Forests have been in the news recently. These are an important existing feature in several western European countries. The joint excursion to CHEVIN FOREST PARK, OTLEY, will look at an area which was established for the public good some 40 years ago - well ahead of its time and before the term Community Forests had become common coinage in Britain. Much of what we see and learn from Chevin could have direct implications for new community or urban afforestation. Tuesday 14th May. (Evening) The Annual Dinner of our joint societies will be held at the Crown Hotel at 8.15 p.m. By kind invitation of the Yorkshire Agricultural Society, there will be a pre-Dinner Reception at the same address at 7-30 p.m. Wednesday 15th May. (All day) Sycamore will be the theme of our visit to BOLTON HALL, Wensleydale. This species has excellent potential for producing quality timber, especially in northern England and parts of Scotland. Bolton Hall was one of the first sites where commercial production of sycamore was pioneered, and our visit will look at relevant aspects of this. Whilst popular with foresters, sycamore is not always liked by conservationists. This aspect will be developed during the course of the day, and there will be a presentation by English Nature (ex Nature Conservancy Council). In the late afternoon, we will visit the local DUFFIELD SAWMILL to hear their views on sycamore and hardwoods in general. Wednesday 15th May. (Evening) The Department of the Environment's ETSU Group are at the forefront of investigating and evaluating alternative, or non-traditional energy sources, including wood. They have a prominent role in the programme, such as we will see tomorrow, of growing trees for biomass, and have offered to give members a talk on "Wood as a Fuel" at the Crown Hotel, at 8.30 p.m. Thursday 16th May. (Morning) Another current topic receiving wide public interest is growing species such as poplars and willows on a short-rotation, coppice system (biomass). At INGERTHORPE HALL, we will visit an important field trial growing willows and poplars to look at various stages in its cultivation. There will also be a static display by the Department of the Environment on their work in this field. Thursday 16th May. (Afternoon) The Whole Society Meeting traditionally visits at least one arboretum. The 1991 visit is to THORP PERROW ARBORETUM, near Bedale, which has been described by Alan Mitchell as one of the nation's most important tree collections. We will also plant a commemorative tree there to mark the Society's visit to North Yorkshire. Friday 17th May. (Morning) Trees and the landscape will be the underlying theme of our visit to HAREWOOD ESTATE. Although the Whole Society Meeting officially ends at lunchtime, an alternative programme has been arranged for the afternoon which will include the possibility of seeing round the House itself. MAP WOODLAND IN NORTH YORKSHIRE Introduction and History The new county of North Yorkshire stretches across two fundamentally contrasting halves of England - the highland or north-western zone and the lowland or south-eastern zone. The boundary splits the county running from Scarborough along the southern fringe of the North York Moors and thence south along the eastern foothills of the Pennines. Basically the lowland zone is an area of relatively young sedimentary rock formations, low elevations, low rainfall, more extremes of summer and winter temperatures with much arable and pines the most important conifers. On the other hand, the highland zone tends to older sedimentary and igneous rocks, mountains, and a humid mild 'Atlantic’ climate with mostly stock and sheep farming and spruces the most important conifers. With examples of nearly all the country's most important types of relief, rock formation, climate, vegetation, and land utilization represented, there is a wide and comprehensive range of woodland site types in Yorkshire. Historically, the story of Yorkshire's woodlands is in step with the broad story of England as a whole. From the peat deposits and soils of the county comes much evidence of the state of the vegetation and the kinds of civilisation which occurred down through the succeeding pre- historical periods which followed the final retreat of the ice about 11,000 years ago. The Mesolithic hunters of the warm Boreal period lived amid pine and birch woods on the high uplands. They were followed, towards the end of the succeeding cool wet Atlantic period with its extensive broadleaved woodlands, by Yorkshire's first agriculturists, the Neolithic farmers. In turn they gave way to the much more numerous Bronze Age settlers who grazed their flocks and herds and cultivated wheat on the North York Moors which were then free of heather and severe podsolization. There are countless round Bronze Age tumuli across the Moors and the flint tools of all three civilisations continually turn up on the bulldozed roads and deep ploughed afforestation areas of the North York Moors, now with soils degraded to poor podsols and heather covered after centuries of constant burning and overgrazing. Up to and throughout Roman times most of lowland Yorkshire was heavily forested and ill-drained, cultivation being restricted to the drier soils of the less heavily wooded uplands and better-drained glades in the plains. Much more active clearance and draining of the oak, birch, and alder woods of the plains took place in Saxon times but with the advent of the Normans the Saxon agriculturists were severely harried and the area of uncultivated waste and woodland extended. As in other parts of England, Yorkshire had in Norman times many great royal hunting forests. The Forest of Galtres stretched from the gates of York for 20 miles to Boroughbridge; Pickering Forest 21 miles by 6 miles, was famous for its boars; Whitby, Danby, Wensleydale, Knaresborough, and stainmoor are other examples. Wolves were found at Marske near Richmond as late as AD 1369 and there were great numbers of red and fallow deer. As the great Yorkshire religious houses developed during the 13th and 14th centuries and wool became a commodity of supreme importance, there was constant friction between the foresters and their harsh laws and the agricultural interests of the religious orders and the common people. Gradually wool and agriculture won and the royal hunting forests were whittled away, a process which continued with increasing speed right up to the time of the agricultural recession of the 19th century. During the 18th and 19th centuries, industrial prosperity and the build•up of the great estates with their mansions, parks, and amenity woodlands had a strong impact on the Yorkshire scene and the majority of the privately owned woodlands in the county today owe their present shape and position to the estate building activities of that period. The Forestry Commission made its first acquisitions in Yorkshire, on Selby and Allerston forests, in 1921 and by the end of 1949 held 7,500 hectares which 10 years later had risen to 17,500 ha. By 1989 the area of woodlands in the North York Moors Forest District which contains practically all the Forestry Commission's woodlands in North Yorkshire stood at 19,000 ha. It is difficult to describe the geology of North Yorkshire as a county without casting the description wider to embrace the whole of the old county of Yorkshire because so many of the geological divisions cut across the present county boundary but the main geological areas are described below. The Vale of York is flanked on either side with areas of high ground - to the west the foothills and then the main range of the Pennines, to the east the North York Moors, the Howardian Hills, and the Yorkshire Wolds.
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