SECURITY COUNCIL REPORT Monthly APR 2012 30 March 2012 This report is available online and can be FORECASTviewed together with research studies and Update Reports at www.securitycouncilreport.org. For daily insights by SCR on evolving Security Council actions please subscribe to our “What’s In Blue” series at www.whatsinblue.org or follow @SCRtweets on Twitter.

Overview Contents of This Issue The US will hold the presidency of the and by the Secretary-General’s Personal Sudan and South Sudan 1 Security Council in April. Envoy for Western Sahara, Christopher Status Update since our Ross, in consultations; An open debate on improving UN capacity March Forecast 2 n UNAMID, the joint UN/AU operation in to assist states to counter illicit cross- Sudan/Darfur 6 Darfur, to be followed by consultations; border flows is planned late in the month, Western Sahara 8 n the UN Assistance Mission for Iraq, by and the Secretary-General is expected to the Secretary-General’s Special Repre- Côte d’Ivoire 10 brief. The aim of the debate is to focus sentative and mission head, Martin Israel/Palestine 12 attention on the broad range of UN activities Kobler, to be followed by consultations; in this field and to help states make a better Iraq 13 n the UN Interim Mission in Abyei, in con- use of different forms of UN assistance in International Court of Justice 15 sultations; and controlling flows of arms, drugs and indi- n women, peace and security, by the Notable Dates for April 16 viduals, among other things, across their head of UN Women, Michelle Bachelet, borders. A resolution or a presidential state- experience from recent and current UN to be followed by consultations. ment is the expected outcome. peacekeeping engagements, with an eye A briefing on the implementation of resolu- to possible improvements on the ground; There will also be the quarterly open debate tion 1559 and Lebanon, initially expected in and approaches at the Security Council’s on the Middle East, preceded by a briefing April, appears to have been moved to May disposal when dealing with gross human by the Secretariat. for scheduling reasons. rights violations. On 27 April the Council will vote (simultane- At press time the monthly “horizon scan- It is likely that the chair of the Iran Sanc- ously with the General Assembly) to fill a ning” briefing by the DPA was not planned tions Committee, Ambassador Néstor vacancy on the International Court of Justice. for April. Osorio (Colombia), possibly with the coor- A briefing by the Secretary-General on dinator of its Panel of Experts, will brief UN The Council expects to hold consultations nuclear non-proliferation, disarmament members at large with an aim to help inter- to consider the final report of the Panel of and security is expected. This event, taking ested states improve the implementation of Experts that supports the Côte d’Ivoire place soon after the Seoul summit on the Iran sanctions. Sanctions Committee and to discuss the nuclear security, will afford an opportunity renewal of the sanctions regime and the to take stock of developments since the Panel’s mandate. summit-level Council debate on this subject Sudan and South Sudan chaired in September 2009 by US President Formal Council sessions will be needed to Barack Obama and to maintain the engage- adopt resolutions renewing the Côte Expected Council Action ment on the part of the Council with this d’Ivoire sanctions regime along with the In April, the Council expects to be briefed in issue. A resolution or a presidential state- mandate of its Panel of Experts and to consultations on the Secretary-General’s ment is expected as an outcome. renew the mandate of MINURSO. most recent report on the situation in Abyei. No outcome was anticipated at press time. Other briefings are planned on: Early in April, members of the Council will n Syria, by the Joint UN-Arab League Envoy participate in an annual retreat with the Given the fluid and unpredictable nature of for Syria, Kofi Annan, in consultations; Secretary-General. This year, the main top- events in Sudan and South Sudan, Council n Western Sahara, by the head of ics expected to be discussed at the retreat members are also likely to follow closely MINURSO and Special Representative of are: the growing challenges posed to such issues as the humanitarian situation in the Secretary-General, Hany Abdel-Aziz, peace and security by international crime; South Kordofan and Blue Nile, events along >>page 4

Security Council Report One Dag Hammarskjöld Plaza, 885 Second Avenue, 21st Floor, New York, NY 10017 T:1 212 759 9429 F:1 212 759 4038 www.securitycouncilreport.org 1 Status Update since our March Forecast n Syria: On 1 March, the Council issued a support of AMISOM, both bilaterally and order. The Council welcomed the efforts press statement (SC/10564) deploring through the UN AMISOM trust fund, and of the Friends of Yemen and noted the the deteriorating humanitarian situation for the development of Somali security importance of its next meeting on 23 in Syria and calling upon Damascus to forces while calling on AMISOM to con- May. The Council endorsed the Secre- grant access to Valerie Amos, the Under- tinue efforts to ensure the protection of tary-General’s intention to deploy a team Secretary-General for Humanitarian civilians. It also stressed the importance of experts, to work alongside the UN Affairs and Emergency Relief Coordina- of effective governance and encouraged country team, and monitor progress on tor. On 6 March, Under-Secretary-General international support for reconstruction the Gulf Cooperation Council Initiative for Political Affairs, B. Lynn Pascoe, and economic development as well as and Implementation Mechanism in con- briefed Council members during the continued humanitarian assistance. sultation with the Yemeni government. monthly horizon scanning exercise, Lastly, it expressed concern about the n Haiti: On 8 March, the Council held a reporting that both Amos and Kofi Annan, continued threats of piracy and terrorist debate (S/PV.6732) on the situation in the UN-Arab League Special Envoy for attacks by the Islamist group Al-Shabaab Haiti. Mariano Fernández, the Special Syria, would soon be visiting Damascus. and others. On 28 March, the chair of the Representative of the Secretary-General On 13 March Amos briefed Council mem- Somalia/Eritrea Sanctions Committee, and Head of MINUSTAH, briefed during bers on her 7-9 March visit and on 16 Ambassador Hardeep Singh Puri (India) the debate. March Annan briefed Council members briefed Council members in informal con- n ICC: On 16 March, the Council released on his 10 March visit and ongoing media- sultations on the work of the Committee. a press statement welcoming the first ver- tion efforts. On 21 March the Security (The Committee received a mid-term dict of the International Criminal Court, Council agreed on a presidential state- briefing from the Monitoring Group for which found Thomas Lubanga guilty of ment (S/PRST/2012/6) supporting Annan the sanctions regime on 3 February, and the crimes of conscripting and enlisting and his six-point plan for mediation (S/ on 17 February announced the addition child soldiers under the age of 15 years PV.6736). The same day the Council of one individual to the sanctions list. The (SC/10580). issued a press statement (SC/10585) on chair is required to report to the Council n Working Methods: On 19 March, Coun- the terrorist attacks in Aleppo and every 120 days.) cil members met to discuss working Damascus which had occurred earlier in n Libya: On 7 March, the Council was methods of the Security Council. Portu- the month. Syria was also a prominent briefed (S/PV.6731) by Ian Martin, who gal—as chair of the working group that issue at the 12 March high-level debate presented the Secretary-General’s report deals with working methods—and the on challenges and opportunities in the (S/2012/129) on UNSMIL. Martin said UK distributed a non-paper in advance of Middle East (S/PV.6734). On 22 March that UNSMIL should focus on five areas: the consultations, inviting suggestions there was an Arria-formula meeting for democratic transition, including the elec- on the three issues of “periodicity” Council members to meet with the toral process; public security, including (spreading out the Council’s mandate Human Rights Council’s Commission of the demobilisation, integration or reinte- renewals), conference resources and Inquiry on Syria. There were P5+Morocco gration of ex-combatants; human rights, “interactivity” (such as regular horizon- negotiations between 6 -8 March on a transitional justice and rule of law; prolif- scanning sessions and use of draft resolution condemning the violence eration of arms and border security; and video-conferencing). Additional issues in Syria. However, as agreement was not coordination of international support. were also raised, many of which were possible the draft text was never circu- Prime Minister Abdurrahim El-Keib also suggested during the open debate on 30 lated to the wider Council membership. addressed the Council. On 12 March, the November. On the drafting resolutions, n Somalia: On 5 March, the Council held Council unanimously adopted resolution an idea was proposed that, in addition to an open debate on Somalia chaired by 2040, modifying and extending UNSMIL’s a permanent member being the “pen Under Secretary of State Henry Belling- mandate by 12 months but subject to holder” on most issues, an appropriate ham (UK) as a follow up to the 23 review within six months (S/PV.6733). co-drafter could be selected from among February London Conference (S/ n Yemen: On 7 March, Council members the elected ten. On the appointment of PV.6729). Both the Secretary-General were briefed in consultations by the chairs of subsidiary bodies, several and his Special Representative, Augus- Secretary-General’s Special Adviser, states called for more inclusiveness and tine Mahiga, spoke in the debate, the Jamal Benomar. On 29 March (S/ transparency in the process and the chair latter via videoconference from Mogadi- PV.6744), the Council adopted a presi- of the working group suggested that a shu. The Council also adopted a dential statement (S/PRST/2012/8) more consultative process would be presidential statement (S/PRST/2012/4) voicing its concern over the deteriorating desirable during the next round of allot- welcoming the conference and express- situation since the transfer of power to ments. Another suggestion related to ing support for its communiqué. President Abdrabuh Mansour Hadi on 25 posting the daily schedule of the Council Additionally, the statement reiterated key February and stressing the need for all President online, which might be of inter- messages relating to the political process political actors to remain committed to est to the wider membership. Following and emphasised the need for continued the political transition and constitutional

2 Security Council Report One Dag Hammarskjöld Plaza, 885 Second Avenue, 21st Floor, New York, NY 10017 T:1 212 759 9429 F:1 212 759 4038 www.securitycouncilreport.org the consultations, the working group met Ghajar, facilitate talks on the Lebanese- November as “the major challenge” for on 23 March to discuss the ideas pro- Israeli maritime issues and to work closely Sierra Leone going forward. He reported posed during the consultations. with the UNIFIL force commander. on a number of contentious recent devel- n Afghanistan: On 20 March, the Council n Mali: On 22 March, the DPA head, B. opments in the country, including violent held a debate (S/PV.6735) on the situa- Lynn Pascoe, briefed Council members attacks on the opposition presidential tion in Afghanistan. Ján Kubiš, the on the situation in Mali after junior army candidate Julius Maada Bio and the Special Representative of the Secretary- officers fighting a spreading rebellion by importation by the government of arms General and Head of UNAMA briefed the Tuaregs in the north mutinied. Presi- and munitions for a paramilitary police during the debate. The Council renewed dent Amadou Toumani Touré, who had force already notorious for attacks the mandate of UNAMA (S/RES/2041) for previously announced that he would not against the opposition. Dauda empha- an additional 12 months on 22 March (S/ participate in the elections slated for sised the government’s commitment to PV.6738). April, was reported to be in hiding. Fol- the peacebuilding process, including n Iran: On 21 March, the chair of the Iran lowing the briefing, the Council issued a transparent elections in November. Sanctions Committee (1737 Committee), press statement (SC/10590) strongly Schulenburg’s successor has not been Ambassador Néstor Osorio (Colombia), condemning “the forcible seizure of named. The mandate of UNIPSIL expires provided a regular 90-day briefing to the power” and calling on the soldiers to on 15 September 2012. Council (S/PV.6737). He noted that within “ensure the safety and security” of Presi- n Peacekeeping: On 26 March, Under- the Committee some members had dent Touré and “return to their barracks.” Secretary-Generals Herve Ladsous expressed concern regarding the illicit The statement welcomed efforts by (Peacekeeping Operations) and Susana transfers of arms between Iran and Syria, UNOWA and international partners, Malcorra (Field Support) briefed the indicating that one member state had especially the AU and ECOWAS, for put- Council (S/PV.6740). drawn the Committee’s attention to a ting pressure on the coup-makers to n Guinea Bissau Consultations: On 28 public statement of Hizbullah on 7 return to the barracks. On 26 March, the March, Joseph Mutaboba, the Secretary- February in which its Secretary-General Council discussed the issue (S/PV.6741) General’s Special Representative in acknowledged that the movement had and on the same day issued a presiden- Guinea-Bissau, briefed the Council via received material support from Iran since tial statement (S/PRST/2012/7) echoing video-link on recent developments in the 1982. The Committee also received a the press statement of 22 March. The country, including the inconclusive elec- briefing from France on the similarities statement further addressed the wider tions held on 18 March to succeed between ballistic and space technologies issue of instability in the Sahel, noting its President Malam Bacai Sanhá, who died and several states notified the Committee concern “over the fragile security and on 9 January. Former Prime Minister of Iran’s launching of a satellite on a Safir humanitarian situation in the region” Carlos Gomes Junior, head of the ruling rocket on 3 February, which they asserted which has been “exacerbated by party, failed to win outright victory, and a was a violation of paragraph 9 of resolu- drought, food shortages and the return of run-off has been scheduled for 22 April. tion 1929. Several states reiterated calls thousands of returnees following the Lib- However, the opposition candidate, for the Panel of Experts’ report from May yan crisis and other crises in the region.” Kumba Yala, who came in second, has last year to be released, arguing that it At press time, Lt. Amadou Konare announced that he will be boycotting the was an important tool to help the mem- appeared to be consolidating his regime. run off, claiming the polls were rigged. bership at large implement sanctions n Sierra Leone: On 22 March, Michael von There was no outcome from the briefing. measures. Several Council members der Schulenburg, who was withdrawn n Cyprus: On 29 March, Council members welcomed the initiative for the chair to from Sierra Leone on 6 February as the met in consultations to discuss Cyprus convene an open briefing for all member Secretary-General’s Executive Repre- and received an update from the states on the work of the Committee and sentative for UNIPSIL following a request Secretary-General’s Special Adviser, the Panel. At press time, the open brief- by the Sierra Leone government, pre- Alexander Downer, via videoconference ing was likely to take place during the sented the Secretary-General’s midterm on negotiations between the two sides. third week of April. report on UNIPSIL (S/2012/160). This (The Greek Cypriot and Turkish Cypriot n Lebanon: On 21 March, Council mem- was followed by consultations. Joseph leaders met the same day in the buffer bers were briefed in consultations by Bandabla Dauda, Sierra Leone’s Foreign zone in the capital Nicosia, with the focus Special Coordinator Derek Plumbly on Minister, as well as Ambassador Guill- being on property—one of the core out- the Secretary-General’s latest report on ermo E. Rishchynski (Canada), head of standing issues.) At press time, Downer the implementation of resolution 1701 the PBC configuration for Sierra Leone, was expected to submit a report to the and the UN Interim Force in Lebanon also briefed the Council (S/PV.6739). Secretary-General on 30 March and then (S/2012/124). Plumbly said that his Schulenburg stressed the importance of meet with him on 19 April in New York to medium-term objectives would be to seek the free and fair conduct of the forthcom- discuss next steps. an Israeli withdrawal from northern ing general elections in the country on 17

Security Council Report One Dag Hammarskjöld Plaza, 885 Second Avenue, 21st Floor, New York, NY 10017 T:1 212 759 9429 F:1 212 759 4038 www.securitycouncilreport.org 3 Sudan and South Sudan South Sudan on 27 February. Thabo Mbeki, understanding on non-aggression and chair of the AU High-Level Implementation cooperation on 10 February. (continued) Panel charged with facilitating the negotia- On 29 February, Hilde Johnson, Special the Sudan-South Sudan border and the tions between Sudan and South Sudan, Representative of the Secretary-General unresolved issues between Sudan and and Haile Menkerios, UN Special Envoy for and head of UNMISS, met with Sudanese South Sudan related to oil revenue-sharing, Sudan and South Sudan, addressed Coun- President Omar al-Bashir in Khartoum. The border demarcation, citizenship and other cil members during the meeting. (Held repatriation of South Sudanese citizens matters. It is possible that meetings on one outside Council chambers, the informal residing in Sudan was an important focus of or more of these subjects could occur dur- interactive dialogue is a flexible format that the discussion. During the meeting, John- ing the month, depending on how events allows the Council to meet with actors—in son mentioned the need for safe return unfold on the ground. this case, the AU High-Level Implementa- routes and an extension of the 8 April dead- tion Panel—with whom it would not be able The mandate of the UN Interim Mission in line for repatriation. to meet in consultations inside the Council Abyei (UNISFA) expires on 27 May. chambers.) During the meeting, Mbeki gave On 13 March, representatives of Sudan and Key Recent Developments a comprehensive briefing on the issues South Sudan initialled two agreements in The Council discussed the last report of the dividing Sudan and South Sudan and the Addis Abba: the Agreement on the Demar- Secretary-General on Abyei in consulta- status of negotiations on these issues. cation of the Boundary and the Framework tions on 9 February. Hervé Ladsous, Agreement on the Status of Nationals of the Largely in response to the briefing by Mbeki Under-Secretary-General for Peacekeeping Other State and Related Matters. The agree- and Menkerios during this “interactive dia- Operations, briefed the Council during the ment on boundary demarcation establishes logue,” the Council issued a presidential meeting. Some of the discussion focused mechanisms to oversee and conduct the statement on 6 March, that inter alia: on progress UNISFA had made in protect- demarcation process. The agreement on n demanded that Sudan and South Sudan ing civilians and demining. However, it was nationality accords citizens of South Sudan cease violence along their shared border; also noted in the meeting that Sudanese the right to reside, own property, work and n urged the parties to reach agreement armed forces and police and South Suda- travel in Sudan, while permitting Sudanese on unresolved issues, such as border nese police remained in Abyei, while the citizens to do the same in South Sudan. demarcation, oil revenue-sharing and the Abyei Area Administration had yet to be status of Abyei; established. (It appears that a major stick- Despite these positive developments, ten- n deeply deplored the ongoing presence ing point regarding the establishment of the sions escalated significantly between of security forces from both parties in administration is that the parties have been Sudan and South Sudan in late March. On Abyei; unable to agree on a mutually acceptable 26 March, skirmishes between the armed n encouraged the government of Sudan to candidate for the speaker of the administra- forces of both countries were reported in accept the AU-UN-Arab League tripartite tion’s Legislative Council. South Sudan has areas along their mutual border, putting into agreement on humanitarian access in said that Sudan agreed to nominate a mem- doubt whether Bashir and President Salva Blue Nile and South Kordofan; and ber of the Ngok-Dinka ethnic group to the Kiir of South Sudan would hold a peace position, while Sudan has denied this.) n affirmed that “unilateral action related to summit that had been planned for early the oil sector is detrimental to the secu- April in Juba. Additionally, on 27 March, the The humanitarian crisis in South Kordofan rity, stability and prosperity” of Sudan Sudanese air force reportedly dropped and Blue Nile states remained a significant and South Sudan. bombs near the Bentiu oil fields in Unity focus of international attention. On 9 Febru- State in South Sudan. ary, the UN, the AU and the Arab League Ladsous briefed Council members in con- presented a tripartite proposal to provide sultations on 29 February to discuss the Responding to the violence between the humanitarian aid to civilians in both govern- situation along the Sudan-South Sudan parties—while also reiterating some of the ment and rebel controlled areas of South border. The briefing focused on fighting that language of the 6 March presidential state- Kordofan and Blue Nile. The Council occurred on 27 February between the Suda- ment—the Council issued a press statement adopted a press statement on 14 February nese Armed Forces and SPLM-N rebels in on 27 March that, inter-alia: expressing its alarm at humanitarian condi- Jau, a disputed area along the Sudan-South n expressed alarm at the military clashes tions in both states. The Sudan People’s Sudan border. (The rebels claimed to have along the Sudan-South Sudan border Liberation Movement-North (SPLM-N) has killed 150 Sudanese troops during the fight- and demanded that the countries cease expressed willingness to accept the tripar- ing, while Sudan accused South Sudanese violence in the border regions; tite proposal, but the government of Sudan military officers of assisting the rebels.) It n urged Sudan and South Sudan to dem- has been reluctant to do so. On 6 March, appears that Ladsous was unable to con- onstrate restraint and peacefully address Daffa-Alla Elhag Ali-Osman, the permanent firm reports of the clash, indicating that the the issues dividing them; representative of Sudan, said at the Council UN Mission in South Sudan (UNMISS) does n urged the parties to pursue requisite steps stakeout that the Sudanese government not have a presence in the area. In addition to make operational the Joint Border Veri- was considering the proposal. to the 27 February incident in Jau, it seems fication and Monitoring Mechanism; that Ladsous also said that several other n reiterated the importance of delivering Council members held an “informal interac- border skirmishes had transpired since the humanitarian assistance to South Kordo- tive dialogue” on the situation in Sudan and two parties signed a memorandum of fan and Blue Nile states to prevent further

4 Security Council Report One Dag Hammarskjöld Plaza, 885 Second Avenue, 21st Floor, New York, NY 10017 T:1 212 759 9429 F:1 212 759 4038 www.securitycouncilreport.org deterioration of the crisis in these areas of to the UN-AU-Arab League tripartite agree- Sudan; and ment, how this plan would be implemented n urged the parties to continue negotia- and what impact it would have on the SECURITY COUNCIL REPORT tions with the support of the AU High-Level humanitarian situation in Blue Nile and Monthly Implementation Panel. South Kordofan. APR 2012 FORECAST Human-Rights Related A further important issue is what impact the Developments 8 April deadline for the more than 500,000 consider calling for a briefing from Valerie people of South Sudanese origin residing On 26 March, Radhika Coomaraswamy, Amos, Under-Secretary-General for Human- in Sudan to regularise their status or return the Special Representative of the itarian Affairs, or other OCHA officials, if and the South Sudan will have on the security Secretary-General on Children and when more information becomes available and humanitarian environment in both Armed Conflict, briefed the press on her on the situation on the ground. countries. Although the initialling of the 13 recent visit to South Sudan at the noon March agreement on nationality appeared Additionally, more regular interaction with briefing of the Secretary-General’s to be a positive development, it is unclear Mbeki or other members of the AU High- spokesperson at UN headquarters. She whether this agreement will be implemented Level Implementation Panel on the status of noted that children in militias and regional in light of the deterioration of relations negotiations, either in person or via video- camps continue to be integrated into the between the two countries in late March. conference, could be helpful to the Council’s South Sudanese armed forces, while add- Additional issues of importance include decision-making processes. ing that she hoped there would be a clear how large the influx of returnees will be directive from the government to cease leading up to 8 April and whether Sudan will Council Dynamics this practice so that the armed forces improve access to viable return routes. There appears to be concern among several could be considered for delisting. Cooma- Council members that the situation in Abyei raswamy said that one challenge will be Underlying Problems has reached an apparent stalemate with, for reintegrating the former child combatants Repeated skirmishes along the disputed example, security forces from both sides still in an environment in which economic Sudan-South Sudan border—as well as in the region and no progress in establishing opportunities are limited and in which only South Sudan’s ongoing shutdown of its oil the Abyei Area Administration. While many about 4 precent of children attend second- production despite the very harmful impact members believe that UNISFA is doing a ary school. She said that the government on its economy—continue to undermine good job, some are concerned that the mis- should make education a priority. trust and cooperation between the two sion cannot conduct all of its mandated tasks countries. The considerable mistrust and (for example, border-monitoring support) Key Issues suspicion between Sudan and South because of a lack of progress between An ongoing key issue is the continuing Sudan also appears to dampen the lever- Sudan and South Sudan in resolving funda- presence of security forces from Sudan age that the Council is able to have on their mental political and technical issues. and South Sudan in Abyei in violation of the calculations. (The violence of late March 20 June 2011 agreement between the par- occurred only weeks after the 6 March Several members seem to have found ties. A related issue is how the presence of presidential statement.) Mbeki’s briefing in the “informal interactive these security forces creates potential for dialogue” very useful in gaining an under- conflict with internally displaced persons Options standing of the status of negotiations returning to Abyei and nomads migrating With regard to UNISFA, the Council could between Sudan and South Sudan and the through the area. discuss the Secretary-General’s report but dynamics in the relationship between them. take no formal action at the present time. Another important issue is the fact that the Another option would be to consider issu- Several elected members seem to feel that Abyei Area Administration has yet to be ing a statement that: key permanent members have demon- established. (Sudan has indicated that it will strated a greater willingness than had been n reiterates calls made in the 6 March pres- not remove its security forces from Abyei idential statement for the departure of the case in the past to be flexible and prag- until the administration is established.) Sudanese and South Sudanese security matic on Sudan and South Sudan issues. (This is reflected by the fact that the 6 March A further key issue is the fact that UNISFA forces from Abyei and the establishment presidential statement and the 27 March cannot conduct its mandated border- of the Abyei Area Administration; press statements were negotiated in rela- monitoring support role until the parties n signals its support for the 13 March agree- tively condensed time periods.) Nonetheless, map out the safe demilitarised border zone ment on boundary demarcation; there is widespread concern among Council and agree on a headquarters and sector n encourages the parties to expedite the members at the very fragile state of relations sites for the monitoring mechanism. establishment of the Joint Border Verifi- cation and Monitoring Mechanism; and between Sudan and South Sudan and the negative impact that these tensions have on An additional important issue is the delay n responds to the summit between the by the government of Sudan in issuing visas presidents of Sudan and South Sudan or their ability to reach agreement on the issues for non-Ethiopian staff officers and military expresses concern if it is cancelled. separating them. observers designated to serve in UNISFA. Regarding the humanitarian situation in Blue The US is the lead country on UNISFA. Another issue is whether Sudan will agree Nile and South Kordofan, the Council may

Security Council Report One Dag Hammarskjöld Plaza, 885 Second Avenue, 21st Floor, New York, NY 10017 T:1 212 759 9429 F:1 212 759 4038 www.securitycouncilreport.org 5 UN Documents UNAMID to ensure the most efficient and the wedding with Bashir, who has been effective implementation of the mission’s indicted by the International Criminal Court Security Council Resolutions mandate,” which was conducted by the (ICC) for war crimes, crimes against • S/RES/2032 (22 December 2011) Secretary-General in consultation with the humanity and genocide. renewed UNISFA’s mandate. AU. (The findings of this review, which will The ICC issued an arrest warrant on 1 March • S/RES/2024 (14 December 2011) take the form of an internal document, will for Abdelrahim Mohamed Hussein, Sudan’s added a border-monitoring support likely be integrated into the Secretary- Defence Minister, for crimes against human- role to UNISFA’s mandate. General’s report.) • S/RES/1997 (11 July 2011) liquidated ity and war crimes allegedly committed in UNMIS. The Council is also likely to discuss the Darfur between August 2003 and March • S/RES/1996 (8 July 2011) established Framework for AU and UN Facilitation of the 2004, when Hussein was Minister of the UNMISS. Darfur Peace Process, (formerly described Interior and Special Representative of the • S/RES/1990 (27 June 2011) estab- as a “road map”), which had been delayed President in Darfur. (ICC Prosecutor Luis lished UNISFA. for several months but was released in the Moreno-Ocampo had requested the pre- latter part of March. trial chamber to issue a warrant for Hussein’s Latest Secretary-General’s Report arrest on 2 December 2011.) • S/2012/175 (23 March 2012) At press time, it was not clear whether there would be a formal outcome to the Council’s A series of workshops to disseminate the Presidential Statement deliberations on Darfur, particularly with Doha Document for Peace in Darfur • S/PRST/2012/5 (6 March 2012) urged regard to the review of uniformed personnel throughout the region began on 18 Janu- the parties to reach agreement on the and publication of the framework. ary. Led by the signatories to the document unresolved issues separating them. (the Sudanese government and the Libera- Key Recent Developments Press Statements tion and Justice Movement) and supported The Council renewed the mandate of the • SC/10594 (27 March 2012) was logistically by the UN, these workshops are Panel of Experts (PoE) of the 1591 Sanc- primarily on the violence along the designed to promote greater understand- tions Committee for an additional year on Sudan- South Sudan border. ing of the Doha document among the 17 February. The resolution renewing the • SC/10543 (14 February 2012) was people of Darfur and to create an environ- mandate contained several new elements. on South Kordofan and Blue Nile. ment conducive to its implementation. It inter alia expanded the listing criteria for the travel ban and assets freeze to include On 8 February, the Darfur Regional Author- Other Relevant Facts entities (as well as individuals) requested ity, responsible for managing implementation Special Envoy of the Secretary-General that the PoE apprise the Committee of its of the Doha document and development in on Sudan and South Sudan activities on a monthly basis and expressed the region, was officially launched in El- Haile Menkerios (South Africa) concern that all states were not implement- Fasher. In a message read on his behalf by UNISFA: Force Commander and ing the assets freeze and travel ban on Gambari, the Secretary-General urged the Head of Mission designated individuals. Sudanese government and the Liberation Lt. Gen. Tadesse Werede Tesfay and Justice Movement to “take all neces- On 21 March, Ambassador Néstor Osorio (Ethiopia) sary measures to equip the authority to fulfil (Colombia), chair of the 1591 Committee, its responsibility to promote reconciliation, UNISFA: Size and Composition briefed the Council in consultations on the early recovery and development” in Darfur. Maximum authorised strength: up to recent activities of the Committee. His pre- 4,200 military and 50 police sentation focused on the recommendations The Darfur peace process framework was Deployment as of 31 January 2012: 3,796 outlined in the recent report of the PoE, published in late March. The framework total uniformed personnel (including which was circulated to Council members outlines mediation and facilitation steps that 3,715 troops, 81 military observers) and in late January but had not been released can be undertaken by the UN and the AU to 27 international civilian personnel publicly at press time. support the peace process in Darfur. It is Troop contributor: Ethiopia based on three key elements: On 27 January, Human Rights Watch sent n implementation of the Doha document; a letter to Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon n engagement with the Sudanese govern- expressing its concern that Ibrahim Gam- ment and rebel groups that have not Sudan/Darfur bari, the joint UN-AU Special Representative signed the Doha document; and for Darfur, had attended the wedding of Expected Council Action n dialogue with Darfurians on the peace Chadian President Idriss Déby, at which In April, the Council is scheduled to receive process. Sudanese President Omar al-Bashir was a briefing and discuss in consultations the also a guest. The letter noted that “UN The framework states that UNAMID will Secretary-General’s quarterly report on the guidelines state that ‘the presence of UN monitor the political and civil rights of par- AU-UN Hybrid Mission in Darfur (UNAMID). representatives in any ceremonial or simi- ticipants involved in consultations on the In accordance with resolution 2003, the lar occasion with (persons indicted by peace process and use its “good offices” Council will also likely consider the review international criminal courts) should be role in conjunction with the AU High-Level of “the uniformed personnel required for avoided.” Gambari was photographed at Implementation Panel to encourage

6 Security Council Report One Dag Hammarskjöld Plaza, 885 Second Avenue, 21st Floor, New York, NY 10017 T:1 212 759 9429 F:1 212 759 4038 www.securitycouncilreport.org implementation of the Doha document. It they face in ensuring their own security. also notes that the Sudanese government (Thirty-six UNAMID peacekeepers have and the Liberation and Justice Movement been killed since the mission deployed on SECURITY COUNCIL REPORT will have to be flexible and possibly rene- 31 December 2007.) Monthly gotiate elements of the Doha document Also a key issue is whether and when the APR 2012 with rebel groups that have not acceded to FORECAST final report of the PoE, which was circulated the peace process. to Council members in late January, will be UNAMID has continued to operate under publicly released. (The last final report of Council Dynamics Several Council members believe that, challenging security conditions. On 19 Feb- the PoE, which was submitted to the Com- especially in an era of financial austerity, ruary, 55 UNAMID peacekeepers on patrol mittee in October 2010 and conveyed to the UNAMID may be able to fulfil its mandate in north-western Darfur were blocked by Council proper in November 2010, was with a smaller force level through enhanced approximately 100 rebels from the Justice delayed by China and did not become operational efficiency. While it appears that and Equality Movement. The peacekeeping public until March 2011.) banditry and criminality are a serious prob- patrol, which included 50 Senegalese troops, Options lem in Darfur (including for UNAMID’s remained in the area for two days, while Regarding the review of UNAMID’s uni- personnel), some members also seem to negotiations took place to secure the release formed personnel, options for the Council believe that there has been enough prog- of one Yemeni police advisor and two Suda- include: ress in the security situation in Darfur to nese language assistants, who were part of n maintaining the force level; permit a reduction. the patrol and who had been detained by the n reducing the current force level; or rebel group. On 24 February, two members Several members appear disappointed with n deferring a decision until July, when the of a UNAMID formed police unit were the Darfur peace process framework. There mandate is scheduled to expire, to allow wounded near El Dein in East Darfur when is a sense among these members that the time for further consideration of the an unidentified gunman shot them while they document does not offer much in terms of review’s findings. were travelling in a bus near their base. Addi- fresh thinking and that, in some instances, it tionally, a UNAMID peacekeeper was killed The Council may also consider a statement: merely outlines activities already underway. and three were wounded on 29 February n welcoming the framework of the facilita- Likewise, several Council members seem when unidentified gunmen ambushed them tion of the Darfur peace process; uncertain as to why there was a long delay near the town of Shearia in South Darfur. n reaffirming its support for the peace pro- in finalising the document. The Secretary- cess, Key Issues General noted in his October 2011 report n expressing its concern at Gambari’s on Darfur that the framework would be A key issue is how the Council responds to judgement in attending a wedding at completed by the end of 2011. the findings of the review of personnel which Bashir’s presence could have required for UNAMID to carry out its man- There appears to be differences of opinion been anticipated. date effectively and, in particular, how this concerning whether or not the Council has affects the mission’s structure. (It seems Another option is for the 1591 Committee to a responsibility to publish the report of the that the review may recommend a reduc- consider imposing an assets freeze and/or PoE. Some members believe that, as a tion in the number of military personnel travel ban on rebel groups in Darfur that have matter of procedure and transparency, the needed by UNAMID.) not joined the peace process, as a means of report should be made public. Others, how- pressuring them into doing so. (Imposing ever, believe that there is not a responsibility Another key issue is whether the framework such sanctions on these groups is now pos- to do so, feeling as well that the report con- can breathe life into the peace process in sible, as resolution 2035 has expanded the tains inaccuracies. Different perspectives Darfur. A related and ongoing issue is the purview of the sanctions regime to include regarding whether or not to make public the fact that several key rebel groups in the entities as well as individuals.) report is relevant to Council sanctions region have not agreed to the Doha docu- regimes more generally; for example, the ment, including the Justice and Equality Human-Rights Related most recent reports of the PoE of the 1718 Movement, the Sudan Liberation Army- Development Sanctions Committee (North Korea) and Abdul Wahid and the Sudan Liberation At its last session, concluded on 23 the 1737 Sanctions Committee (Iran) have Army-Minni Minawi. March, the Human Rights Council also been put on hold and have not been An important issue is whether Gambari’s endorsed Mashood Baderin as the new released publicly. presence at a social event also attended by UN Independent Expert on the situation The UK is the lead country on Darfur. Bashir is in keeping with his responsibilities of human rights in Sudan. (Baderin as the joint AU-UN Special Representative replaces Mohamed Chande Othman, UN Documents and mediator in Darfur or whether it repre- who resigned from his post on 19 sents a violation of UN guidelines regarding December 2011. He is an academic with Security Council Resolutions interaction with persons indicted by the ICC. expertise in international law, Islamic law • S/RES/2035 (17 February 2012) and human rights.) extended the mandate of the Sudan Further key issues are the targeting of sanctions panel of experts until 17 UNAMID peacekeepers and the challenges

Security Council Report One Dag Hammarskjöld Plaza, 885 Second Avenue, 21st Floor, New York, NY 10017 T:1 212 759 9429 F:1 212 759 4038 www.securitycouncilreport.org 7 February 2013. and Special Representative of the reportedly by members of an Al-Qaida • S/RES/2003 (29 July 2011) extended Secretary-General, Hany Abdel-Aziz. splinter group called Jamat Tawhid Wal Jihad Fi Garbi Afriqqiya (Movement for UNAMID’s mandate until 31 July 2012. The Council will also likely be briefed in Oneness and Jihad in West Africa), in the • S/RES/1593 (31 March 2005) referred consultations by the Secretary-General’s Sahrawi refugee camps in Tindouf in south- the situation in Darfur to the ICC. Personal Envoy for Western Sahara, Chris- western Algeria. In a 28 October press • S/RES/1591 (29 March 2005) and topher Ross. MINURSO’s mandate is release, the Chairperson of the Commis- S/RES/1556 (30 July 2004) imposed expected to be renewed for another year. sanctions. sion of the AU, Jean Ping, strongly condemned the action of the kidnappers Secretary-General’s Reports Key Recent Developments On 26 October 2011, Ross noted in a brief- and called on all regional countries to • S/2011/814 (30 December 2011) ing to the Council that the last two rounds of increase their cooperation in fighting terror- was the most recent quarterly report informal talks (held between 5-7 June and ism. On 4 March, the kidnappers reportedly on UNAMID. 19-21 July respectively) between parties to asked for a ransom of 30 million euros to • S/2011/252 (15 April 2011) was the conflict—Morocco and the Sahrawi free the hostages, who at press time on implementation of the Darfur national liberation movement, the Polisario remained in captivity. Political Process. Front—had only partially been successful. Human Rights-Related Issues Other Ross stated that the issue could only be • S/2012/166 (20 March 2012) con- resolved with the Council’s attention and In an interview on 25 January with the UN tained the Framework for African support and it was necessary to introduce News, Ross remarked that he hoped “that Union and United Nations Facilitation new measures to break the current dead- the people of Western Sahara, whether of the Darfur Peace Process. lock. He added that the next round of they be in the territory or in the refugee • S/PV.6700 (11 January 2012) was the informal talks was likely to take place in early camps, would enjoy full human rights, Council’s discussion of the Secretary- 2012 and after the parliamentary elections in including the freedom to express their General’s most recent report on Morocco. Ross also emphasised the need views on their future and that the negotia- UNAMID. for the Council to revisit MINURSO’s role as tors would take these views into account.” well as a requirement to assess the human Other Relevant Facts rights situation. (Morocco’s parliamentary Key Issues A key issue for the Council to consider is the elections were subsequently held on 25 UNAMID: Joint AU-UN Special nature of its own role to encourage progress Representative for Darfur November 2011.) in the implementation of MINURSO’s man- Ibrahim Gambari (Nigeria) Morocco and the Polisario Front met for the date, in place since 1991, and to alleviate UNAMID: Force Commander ninth round of informal talks between 11-13 the situation of the Saharawi population. Lt. Gen. Patrick Nyamvumba (Rwanda) March in Greentree, New York. Algeria and A related issue is its possible role in easing Mauritania sent delegations to attend cer- UNAMID: Size, Composition, and Cost the nearly five-year deadlock in the informal tain sessions of the talks. After the meeting, negotiations between Morocco and the Maximum authorised strength: Ross issued a communiqué, stating “the Polisario Front. This impasse has been up to 19,555 military personnel, 3,772 discussions took place in an atmosphere of caused mainly by the refusal of both parties police and 19 formed police units (total serious engagement, frankness, and mutual to accept the proposal of the other as the police 6,432) respect.” Ross also noted that “each party sole basis of negotiation. (The current nego- Main troop contributors: Nigeria, continued to reject the proposal of the other tiation process has gone on since April Rwanda, Egypt, Ethiopia and Senegal as the sole basis for future negotiations, 2007 when both Morocco and the Polisario Military strength as of 29 February 2012: while reiterating their willingness to work Front presented their respective proposals 17,767 troops and 308 military observers together to reach a solution in conformity to the Council.) Police Strength as of 29 February 2012: with the pertinent resolutions of the United 5,182 police personnel Nations.” The next rounds of informal meet- A newly emerging key issue for the Council Annual Budget: $1.69 billion ings are due to take place in Europe in June is the added sense of urgency and the need and at a location yet to be confirmed in July. to ensure that the instability and reported proliferation of arms in the region following In an incident that exposed ongoing ten- the change in regimes in nearby countries, Western Sahara sions, seven people were reported dead notably Libya, are not used to exploit the Expected Council Action after fighting broke out on 25 September sense of frustration inevitably felt by people Prior to the 30 April expiry of the mandate of 2011, following a football match in Dakhla living in refugee camps. the UN Mission for the Referendum in West- between a Western Saharan team, Moulou- ern Sahara (MINURSO), the Council is due dia Dakhla, and Chabab Mohammadia, a An ongoing issue for the Council is to to receive the Secretary-General’s report Moroccan team. The fighting lasted for a ensure that all parties fully commit to, and and a briefing on its contents and most few days. observe, human rights of all individuals caught in the conflict. recent developments by MINURSO’s head On 23 October, three aid workers—two Spanish and one Italian—were kidnapped

8 Security Council Report One Dag Hammarskjöld Plaza, 885 Second Avenue, 21st Floor, New York, NY 10017 T:1 212 759 9429 F:1 212 759 4038 www.securitycouncilreport.org Underlying Problems Islamist radical elements operating in the An underlying issue for the Council when it Maghreb-Sahel will manipulate the situation renews the mandate of MINURSO, will be to their advantage and find a favourable SECURITY COUNCIL REPORT the situation following the Arab Spring recruiting ground amongst a population Monthly affecting the whole Sahel region. that is in despair. APR 2012 FORECAST Options Some Council members, who are concerned One option for the Council is to adopt a about the lack of progress on this issue, are resolution that renews MINURSO’s man- aware that the consultations due to be held UN Documents date taking into account recommendations in April for MINURSO’s mandate renewal will Security Council Resolutions made in the Secretary-General’s forthcom- subsequently impact the next round of • S/RES/1979 (27 April 2011) renewed ing report. informal talks due to take place in June. They MINURSO’s mandate until 30 April 2012. feel that informal talks, overall, have been • S/RES/1920 (30 April 2010) renewed To highlight the Council’s concern with the unsuccessful despite some progress on MINURSO’s mandate and welcomed lack of progress in the negotiations, another confidence-building measures. Council the parties' agreement to hold small, option would be to adopt a resolution that members had shared Ross’s concern, informal talks. would also include: expressed during his last briefing to the • S/RES/690 (29 April 1991) established n encouragement for both parties to focus Council at the lack of progress made by the MINURSO. on common ground to resume formal parties to the conflict and some were disap- discussions instead of devoting energy pointed at the delay in the next round of Latest Secretary-General’s Report to points of contention; informal talks. The UK has been supportive • S/2011/249 (1 April 2011) n emphasis on the urgent need for the res- of Ross’ efforts but acknowledges that no Other olution of the dispute and, in this regard, progress has been made and that the cur- • S/2011/460 (26 July 2011) was the encouragement to both parties to achieve rent impasse is not sustainable long-term. short-term goals while aiming for the ulti- President of the Council’s letter to mate solution, “which will provide for the Council members remain divided on the the Secretary-General acknowledging self-determination of the people of West- best way to resolve the conflict in Western the receipt of his earlier letter to ern Sahara in the context of arrangements Sahara. Countries such as South Africa the Council. consistent with the principles and acknowledge that MINURSO has been suc- • S/2011/459 (22 July 2011) was the purposes of the Charter of the United cessful in preserving the ceasefire since its Secretary-General’s letter to the Nations” (resolution 1979); inception. However, they are aware that the President of the Council informing the Council of his intention to appoint n emphasis on the inclusion of a wide key objective of self-determination for the cross-section of the population of West- people of Western Sahara has yet to be met Maj. Gen. Abdul Hafiz (Bangladesh) ern Sahara in the discussion of issues besides concrete progress in the human as force commander of MINURSO. related to final status and the exercise of rights domain. The duration of this mission, • SC/10234 (27 April 2011) was a press self-determination; over 20 years now, has been a consider- release reporting the extension of MINURSO’s mandate. n introduction of a human rights compo- able concern to several members. At the nent to MINURSO’s mandate (in line with time of the last MINURSO mandate renewal, • S/PV.6516 (18 April 2011) was the the current practice of most UN peace- a concern was voiced that there were no official communiqué of the closed keeping missions); and African or Arab members within the Group meeting between the Council and the troop- and police-contributing n request for regular briefings, including on of Friends of Western Sahara, which is com- the human rights aspects of the situation prised of France, Russia, the US, the UK countries to MINURSO. as well as the impact on Sahel of the and Spain. This remains the case. recent regime changes in the region. Other Relevant Facts As a party to the conflict, Morocco’s mem- Special Representative of the Council and Wider Dynamics bership of the Council in 2012 will most Secretary-General In the wake of the Arab Spring and the likely have a considerable impact on the Hany Abdel-Aziz (Egypt) Council’s pronounced support, on the one overall dynamic on this issue. Some Coun- Secretary-General’s Personal Envoy hand for democracy in the region, and on cil members feel that Morocco’s close the other hand its concerns about the desta- partnership with the P3 on the Syrian issue Christopher Ross (United States) bilising impact of the fallout from Libya on is going to be of benefit to Morocco in the MINURSO Force Commander context of Western Sahara, a key national the Sahel region, the situation of Western Maj. Gen. Abdul Hafiz (Bangladesh) Sahara has acquired a degree of urgency in priority of the country. Moreover, many Size and Composition of MINURSO as Council members are not expecting any the minds of some Council members. These of 29 February 2012 Council members are concerned that if the significant development on this issue and Authorised: 237 troops; 6 police officers moderate elements from within the Polisa- feel that the Council is incapable of acting in Current: 233 total uniformed personnel rio Front are not assisted by the Council in a neutral capacity on this particular issue. (i.e. 27 troops; 5 police officers; 201 mili- delivering a peaceful solution to the Sah- The US is the lead country on Western tary observers); 101 international civilian rawi people soon enough, then, inevitably, Sahara.

Security Council Report One Dag Hammarskjöld Plaza, 885 Second Avenue, 21st Floor, New York, NY 10017 T:1 212 759 9429 F:1 212 759 4038 www.securitycouncilreport.org 9 personnel; 165 local civilian staff; 19 western town of Vavoua and the southern The last Côte d’Ivoire PoE report discussed UN Volunteers town of Sikensi. by the Council was submitted on 17 October 2011. That report highlighted a number of Military Contributors: Argentina, Austria, In early February, the Department of crucial gaps. The PoE did not have an arms Bangladesh, Brazil, China, Croatia, Peacekeeping Operations (DPKO) sent an expert, though illicit arms and weapons pro- Djibouti, Egypt, El Salvador, France, assessment mission to Côte d’Ivoire to liferation were a core concern. It reported Ghana, Guinea, Honduras, Hungary, look at various contentious issues, includ- that after the serious nation-wide violence Ireland, Italy, Jordan, Malaysia, Mongo- ing security, relating to overall stability in following presidential elections in November lia, Nepal, Nigeria, Pakistan, Paraguay, the country. The report is expected to be 2010, “thousands of weapons still remain Poland, Republic of Korea, Russian Fed- circulated to Council members by the end unaccounted for” and these weapons “pose eration, Sri Lanka, Uruguay and Yemen. of March. Police Contributors: Egypt, El Salvador a threat to the stabilisation of the country.” and Jordan. On 12 March, former Prime Minister Guil- The report cited the views of government laume Soro was elected head of the National interlocutors that the threat is particularly pal- Cost Assembly. Soro had said on 15 December pable in the west of the country, bordering 1 July 2011 to 30 June 2012: $63.22 that Côte d’Ivoire would ratify the Rome Liberia. (The latest Liberia PoE report, which million (A/C.5/66/14) Statute of the International Criminal Court was discussed by the Council on 9 Decem- (ICC) once the National Assembly began ber 2011, details the impact of the return of deliberations. As the former leader of the an estimated 4,500 Liberian mercenaries Côte d’Ivoire Forces Nouvelles rebel group, which who had been hired and deployed by former human rights activists have accused of president Laurent Gbagbo during the con- Expected Council Action widespread violations, Soro’s attitude flict in Côte d’Ivoire. The Liberia PoE claimed In April the Council is expected to consider towards the ICC will be important. to have interviewed a large number of mer- the final report of the panel of experts (PoE) cenary commanders in Liberia but reported that supports the Côte d’Ivoire Sanctions Human Rights-Related finding few combat weapons in the hands of Committee. Resolution 1980 of 28 April Developments these ex-mercenaries.) 2011 renewed for a year an arms embargo, On 21 March, the Human Rights Council The Côte d’Ivoire PoE report gave consid- a ban on the diamond trade that was help- (HRC) discussed the report of the UN Inde- erable space to diamond mining, which ing fuel the conflict and sanctions on travel pendent Expert on the situation of human was a source of funding for some of the by selected individuals deemed to be rights in Côte d’Ivoire, Doudou Diene. armed groups in the country. It noted that threats to “peace and national reconcilia- Diene noted that most of human rights the situation in the diamond fields has “not tion” in the country. The Council is expected violations resulted “less from the state’s changed dramatically following the post- to renew the sanctions regime and the man- complicity than from its failure to prevent electoral crisis”, and that diamond mining date of the PoE, though at press time it was them, because of the difficulty of reforming in northern Côte d’Ivoire “continues unclear whether the sanctions regime will the security sector.” Diene implicated unabated and there is a lack of oversight be modified and how. rogue government forces in 27 cases of and control of diamond operations.” But it torture and inhumane and degrading treat- The mandate of the UN Operation in Côte stated that the PoE was “unable to estab- ment and 22 cases of arbitrary arrests. He d’Ivoire (UNOCI) expires on 31 July. lish a direct link between the possible told the HRC that the long-lasting roots of diversion of revenues from diamond-min- Key Recent Developments the crisis in the country were based on ing activities and the purchase of weapons Albert Gerard Koenders, the Secretary- three main factors: the fight for political by either party involved in the conflict.” General’s Special Representative in Côte power to the detriment of human rights; the Côte d’Ivoire is not a participant in the d’Ivoire and head of UNOCI, briefed the relationships among the political structure, Kimberley Process Certification Scheme Council on 26 January on the December ethnicity and rural land policy; and the pre- (KPCS), though the Ministry of Mines and 2011 legislative elections. As many as 1,160 dominance of a culture of impunity and Energy informed the PoE that Côte d’Ivoire candidates from 35 parties contested 255 lawlessness at all levels of power. He stated “has met several of the minimum standards legislative seats. The UN deployed 7,000 that the mandate of the Truth, Reconcilia- for compliance.” The PoE report, however, troops across the country; to complement tion and Dialogue Commission was noted that the only evidence the Ministry this, three armed helicopters and two mili- weakened by a lack of a reference to jus- provided for this claim was a copy of tary utility helicopters from the mission in tice, and he urged that priority be given to Decree No. 2003-143, which states the Liberia were transferred to Côte d’Ivoire the question of reform in the security government’s commitment to the KPCS. from 3 to 31 December. Voter turnout was sector, especially to the disarmament, predictably low at 35 percent, but the elec- demobilisation and reintegration of former Of immediate interest in view of the ICC’s tions were largely peaceful. rebels. For its part, the government told the ongoing investigations was the report’s HRC that it had taken strict measures to dealing with a number of individuals on Incidents of violence, however, were confine to barracks and reform the troops the travel ban list. One such individual is reported after the polls. Government forces of the Republican Forces who had partici- Charles Blé Goudé, a notorious former killed ten people in December 2011 in the pated in the recent conflict. ally of Gbagbo who was reported to have

10 Security Council Report One Dag Hammarskjöld Plaza, 885 Second Avenue, 21st Floor, New York, NY 10017 T:1 212 759 9429 F:1 212 759 4038 www.securitycouncilreport.org committed mass atrocities. The report A further issue is the successful implemen- noted that Goudé “is outside the country, tation of the transitional justice mechanisms which would constitute a clear violation of that are being set in motion, including the, SECURITY COUNCIL REPORT the travel ban.” Goudé, who is believed to indictment of former President Gbagbo by Monthly be in a neighbouring country, “still exer- the ICC, further ICC investigations, the pros- APR 2012 cises leadership over the Congrès ecution for economic crimes and the work FORECAST panafricain des jeunes et patriotes of the Dialogue, Truth and Reconciliation (COJEP) and intends to reactivate his Commission. helicopters from UNMIL to UNOCI political network in Côte d’Ivoire,” the Options until 30 September. report stated. (On 1 July 2011, the Côte Removing most of the measures contained • S/RES/1980 (28 April 2011) extended d’Ivoire government issued an interna- in the current sanctions regime, with the the sanctions regime and the mandate tional arrest warrant calling for the exception of the travel ban (to assist the ICC of the group of experts monitoring it apprehension of Goudé for serious viola- investigations) and the diamond sanctions for one year. tions of human rights.) (until Côte d’Ivoire is fully compliant with the • S/RES/1980 (19 January 2011) autho- Another individual discussed is Martin requirements of the KPCS and becomes a rised the redeployment of aviation Kouakou Fofié, a commander in Soro’s participant) is an option. assets from UNMIL to UNOCI. Forces Nouvelles who was reported to have Latest Secretary-General's Report Maintaining the sanctions regime through been involved in abuses. The PoE report a technical rollover of resolution 1980 and • S/2011/387 (24 June 2011) noted that on 3 August 2011, “Fofié was renewing the mandate of the PoE (possi- Letters appointed by the current government as bly for shorter period than a full year) is the military commander of Zone 10 of the • S/2011/577 (15 September 2011) another option. country and is based in Korhogo.” was from the Secretary-General to the Council Dynamics president of the Council on the inter- The report expressed concern about “the mission (UNOCI and UNMIL) use of Within the Council, it seems there is con- lack of oversight by state authorities of the three helicopters and the transfer of sensus among members for the need to transport of cargo to and from neighbour- 150 military and 100 police personnel assist Côte d’Ivoire through its current ing countries.” It noted that “based on an from UNOCI to UNMIL from 1 October phase of peace consolidation, reconstruc- assessment of the extensive movement of to 30 November 2011. tion and the reconciliation process. transit cargo between Burkina Faso and • S/2011/468 (26 July 2011) and Council members, in particular France— Mali prior to the post-electoral crisis…a sig- S/2011/469 (28 July 2011) was an co-sponsor with Nigeria of resolution 1975 nificant amount of revenue must have been exchange of letters containing the of 30 March 2011, which imposed targeted generated from such trade.” Therefore, the Secretary General’s intention to sanctions against five individuals and report “cannot dismiss the possibility that appoint Albert Gerard Koenders as reaffirmed UNOCI’s mandate to protect such revenues were used for the purchase special representative for Côte d’Ivoire civilians—continue to pay significant of arms and related materiel in breach of and head of UNOCI. attention to the issue. the embargo.” • S/2011/419 (7 July 2011) appointed France is the lead country in the Council on four individuals to the group of The latest PoE report on Côte d’Ivoire was Côte d’Ivoire. experts for the Côte d’Ivoire sanctions submitted to the 1572 Sanctions Commit- committee. tee members in March. It is expected to be UN Documents discussed by the Committee and then by Meeting Record Security Council Resolutions the Council in consultations in the first half • S/PV.6577 (8 July 2011) was the latest of April, and to be published after that. • S/RES/2025 (14 December 2011) briefing on UNOWA. extended the sanctions regime on Key Issues Liberia and the mandate of its Panel Other Relevant Facts The key issue for the Council is the suitabil- of Experts. ity of the sanctions regime as currently Special Representative of the Secretary- • S/RES/2008 (16 September 2011) General and Head of Mission designed in view of the current political situ- extended the mandate of UNMIL until Albert Gerard Koenders (Netherlands) ation and steps taken by the government of 30 September 2012 and called on President Alassane Ouattara to consolidate UNOCI and UNMIL to coordinate UNOCI Force Commander state authority and to establish the rule of strategies and operations in the Maj. Gen. Gnakoudè Béréna (Togo) law throughout the country. Liberia-Côte d’Ivoire border regions. UNOCI: Size, Composition, Cost and A related issue is what measures would be • S/RES/2000 (27 July 2011) renewed Duration most suitable to boost addressing some the mandate of UNOCI at its current Authorised Strength: 11,142 total key challenges faced by the government, force levels (including the earlier ad- uniformed personnel, including such as the extension of state authority to all hoc increases) until 31 July 2012. 9,600 troops, 192 military observers, or most parts of the country. • S/RES/1992 (29 June 2011) extended 1,350 police the temporary redeployment of Strength (as of 31 July 2011): 8,974

Security Council Report One Dag Hammarskjöld Plaza, 885 Second Avenue, 21st Floor, New York, NY 10017 T:1 212 759 9429 F:1 212 759 4038 www.securitycouncilreport.org 11 troops, 193 military observers, 1,276 to the peace process and Quartet objec- Underlying Problems police personnel tives. On 23 March, the Palestinian Ministry For the Palestinian Authority, continued Israeli Main troop contributors: Bangladesh, of Foreign Affairs called on the Quartet to settlement activity remains the key blockage Pakistan, Jordan, Morocco and Malawi adopt a clear position on the 1967 bor- to the resumption of direct negotiations. Annual Budget: $486.7 million ders, including East Jerusalem, as one of Israel has said it will not negotiate with a Pal- Duration: 4 April 2004 to present; the parameters for direct negotiations. estinian government that includes Hamas. mandate expires 31 July 2012 (Last September, the Quartet was unable to reach agreement on parameters (On 6 February, Hamas and Fatah agreed beyond reaffirming support for Obama’s on an interim government led by Abbas that vision for peace as laid out in his 19 May would prepare for presidential and parlia- Israel/Palestine 2011 speech.) mentary elections. However, progress on implementing the agreement has stalled.) Expected Council Action On 27 March, Special Coordinator Robert In late April the Security Council is due to Serry briefed the Council reporting that Options hold its quarterly open debate on the Mid- prospects for direct negotiations remain If the Quartet is able to agree on a statement dle East. The focus of discussion will slim and that without a political horizon the establishing parameters for direct negotia- likely be whether the Quartet has been state-building efforts of the Palestinian tions, an option for the Council could be to able to achieve sufficient impetus to Authority are at risk. endorse such a Quartet statement in a press break the stalemate in the Israel/Pales- or presidential statement. tine peace process. On 18 January, Under-Secretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs Valerie Amos Alternatively, if the Quartet diplomatic initia- The Quartet—comprising the EU, Russia, briefed Council members in informal con- tive is unable to yield results, the Council the UN and the US—will next meet on 11 sultations on the humanitarian impact of could decide to issue a presidential state- April in Washington, DC. Israeli settlements in the Occupied Palestin- ment or adopt a resolution, using language ian Territories. already agreed in past Council decisions, Key Recent Developments as a firm pronouncement of the interna- The Quartet last met on 12 March on the The Security Council’s Admissions Com- tional consensus on the core issues: sidelines of the Security Council high-level mittee reported on 11 November 2011 that n negotiations based on 1967 borders with debate on challenges and opportunities in it was unable to reach a unanimous recom- equivalent and agreed land swaps; the Middle East. The Quartet called on the mendation on Palestine’s bid for UN n security arrangements that respect Pal- parties to remain engaged with the process membership. estinian sovereignty and Israeli security and avoid provocative actions. It also concerns; Human Rights-Related expressed concern over the significant n a just solution to the refugee question; Developments exchange of fire from 9-13 March between and Gaza and Israel which resulted in the death On 22 March, the UN Human Rights n fulfilment of both Israeli and Palestinian of 24 Palestinians and the injury of 75 Pales- Council adopted a resolution establish- aspirations for Jerusalem. tinians and 11 Israelis. ing an independent international Another option is to act upon the February fact-finding mission to investigate the Despite exploratory talks hosted by Jordan invitation from the Palestinian Observer Mis- implications of Israeli settlements on the in January and Secretary-General Ban Ki- sion to the UN for the Council to undertake a rights of Palestinians in the Occupied moon’s visit to the region in early February, visiting mission to the Occupied Palestinian Palestinian Territories, including East there has been little progress towards meet- Territories, including East Jerusalem. Jerusalem. The resolution asked the ing the timeline set out by the Quartet on 23 Secretary-General to report back in June September 2011 for an agreement by the Options regarding Palestine’s application on the resolution’s implementation. It end of 2012. In particular, the deadline for for UN membership seem limited. The appli- passed with 36 votes, ten abstentions parties to be in direct negotiations and to cation was in effect “put on the shelf” after and one no vote from the US. Media exchange proposals for border and secu- the Admission’s Committee reported that it reports indicate that Israel has instructed rity arrangements by 26 January was was unable to reach a unanimous recom- its envoy in Geneva not to cooperate missed; reports indicate that only the Pales- mendation and is unlikely to be revived with the Human Rights Council or the tinian Authority submitted the requested without a clear signal from Ramallah. High Commissioner for Human Rights proposals. (The most recent round of direct and that Israel would not grant access to Council Dynamics talks started and quickly ended in Septem- the fact-finding mission. The US has a clear position that the Coun- ber 2010 over the issue of settlements. cil is not the appropriate body for Previous direct talks were terminated in late Key Issues establishing parameters regarding the 2008 after the outbreak of the Gaza war.) The key issue is whether the Council can Israel/Palestine peace process—this posi- US President Barack Obama phoned Pal- play any role in addressing the Israel/Pales- tion is likely to remain particularly rigid in estinian President Mahmoud Abbas on 19 tine conflict, including the establishment of the near term due to domestic political March, reaffirming American commitment parameters for direct negotiations. concerns in the run up the November US presidential election.

12 Security Council Report One Dag Hammarskjöld Plaza, 885 Second Avenue, 21st Floor, New York, NY 10017 T:1 212 759 9429 F:1 212 759 4038 www.securitycouncilreport.org Few, if any, Council members would dis- • S/PV.6734 (12 March 2012) was the agree that the fundamentals of any debate on challenges and opportuni- agreement must be reached through direct ties in the Middle East. SECURITY COUNCIL REPORT talks. However, most consider that this Security Council Report Monthly does not necessarily rule out a Council role • S/2011/705 (11 November 2011) was APR 2012 in the peace process—especially if it were FORECAST to provide Abbas the political leverage to the Security Council’s Admissions Committee report on its activities return to talks. least eight people were reported dead and related to Palestine’s 23 September six wounded when a bomb targeted a Shiite This point of view was articulated during the 2011 application for UN membership district outside Mosul on 16 January. On 24 12 March high-level debate when several (S/2011/592). January, four car bombs killed 14 people Council members expressed concern at the Human Rights Council and wounded 75 in Shiite areas in Bagh- failed peace process, especially in the con- • A/HRC/19/L.35 (19 March 2012) was dad. On 26 January, two Iraqi policemen text of the Arab Spring, and suggested the the draft resolution establishing a and eight relatives were killed when mili- Council could have a role to play. fact-finding mission to investigate the tants allegedly used explosives to blow up Many Council members, while supportive implications of Israeli settlements on their home. At least 32 people were killed of the Quartet’s diplomatic role, have been Palestinian rights. and 60 injured on 27 January when a sui- concerned about remaining on the side- cide bomber targeted a funeral procession lines of the peace process. This was in a Shiite district of Baghdad. exhibited following the 20 December 2011 Violent attacks continued in recent weeks. monthly Middle East briefing and consulta- Iraq On 23 February, a wave of coordinated tions when EU Council members (France, Expected Council Action bombings and shootings, reportedly target- Germany, Portugal and the UK) in remarks The Council is due to receive the Secretary- ing Shiites across Iraq killed at least 55 to the press criticised increased Israeli set- General’s report on the UN Assistance people and injured hundreds more. At least tlement construction and settler violence Mission for Iraq (UNAMI) and a briefing on 49 people were reported dead and more and reiterated EU principles on borders, its contents and developments from Martin than 200 injured when a series of coordi- security, refugees and Jerusalem. The IBSA Kobler, head of UNAMI. Ambassador Hamid nated bomb blasts across Iraq, mostly members of the Council (India, Brazil, and Al-Bayati, Permanent Representative of Iraq, targeting police checkpoints and patrols, South Africa), Lebanon on behalf of the is also expected to address the Council. struck on 20 March. Arab Group and South Africa on behalf of The Council is also expecting the Secretary- the Non-Aligned Movement, also delivered There were a number of notable political General’s report on the Iraq Oil for Food statements critical of settlements. developments that were either directly escrow account according to paragraphs 4 or indirectly related to the volatile Brazil and Lebanon have since rotated off and 5 of resolution 1958. security situation. the Council but elected members new to UNAMI’s mandate expires on 28 July. the Council in 2012—Azerbaijan, Guate- On 27 December 2011, former Prime Minis- mala, Morocco, Pakistan and Togo—have Key Recent Developments ter Ayad Allawi, the head of the Sunni-backed seemed to indicate there should be political A wave of violent sectarian attacks followed Iraqiya political bloc stated in an op-ed in space for a more robust Council role on the the December 2011 withdrawal of US troops The New York Times that Iraq was heading Israeli-Palestinian issue, especially as there and the arrest warrant, which was issued in towards a “sectarian autocracy that carries seems to be a gap between the Quartet the same month, for the Sunni Vice Presi- with it the threat of devastating civil war.” In approach and the realities on the ground. dent Tariq al-Hashemi. an interview with the Associated Press on 13 January, Iraqi Deputy Prime Minister Saleh UN Documents On 26 December 2011, at least seven peo- al-Mutlaq accused al-Maliki of consolidating Security Council Resolutions ple were reported killed and 27 injured, as a power stating that "the longer al-Maliki stays result of a suicide car bomb attack outside • S/RES/1850 (16 December 2008) in power, the higher the possibility of a the Ministry of Interior in Baghdad. On 5 supported the Annapolis peace divided Iraq." On 19 March, tens of thou- January, 70 people were reported dead and process and its commitment to the sands of loyalists of anti-US Shiite cleric more than 100 wounded due to multiple irreversibility of bilateral negotiations. Moqtada al-Sadr protested against poor ser- bombings targeting Shia pilgrims in Nasiriya • S/RES/1515 (19 November 2003) vices provided by the government in Basra. and Baghdad. Rockets were fired at Bagh- stated the necessity for a two-state dad’s Green Zone on 6 January as Prime Following a meeting with senior Iraqi offi- solution and unanimously endorsed Minister Nuri al-Maliki presided over a mili- cials, including President Jalal Talabani, on the Quartet’s Road Map. tary parade. 4 January, Kobler urged all political parties Security Council Meeting Records in Iraq to work together. On 23 February, • S/PV.6742 (27 March 2012) was A bomb killed 53 Shiite pilgrims and Kobler condemned the series of attacks the most recent briefing on the wounded 137 near Basra on 14 January. At across the country in a statement. Middle East.

Security Council Report One Dag Hammarskjöld Plaza, 885 Second Avenue, 21st Floor, New York, NY 10017 T:1 212 759 9429 F:1 212 759 4038 www.securitycouncilreport.org 13 The fate of Camp Ashraf and its residents Council and Wider Dynamics Human Rights-Related remains a concern despite some progress. Most Council members seem to view Iraq Developments On 25 December 2011, UNAMI and the as a routine issue with no significant devel- Government of Iraq signed a memorandum On 24 January, Navi Pillay, High Com- opments recently. Council members seem of understanding to relocate residents of missioner for Human Rights, commented to acknowledge the contribution UNAMI Camp Ashraf, and postponed the deadline on the execution of 34 people that makes; however, they do not expect any to close the camp from 31 December to 30 occurred on 19 January. She said, “given significant changes to UNAMI’s mandate in April 2012. On 17 February, about 400 resi- the lack of transparency in court pro- the near future. dents of Camp Ashraf moved to Camp ceedings, major concerns about due Some Council members remain concerned Liberty, a former US military base near the process and fairness of trials, and the about the potential for sectarian strife in Iraq Baghdad airport. On 6 March, B. Lynn Pas- very wide range of offences for which the that al-Hashemi’s arrest warrant could lead coe, the head of the UN Department of death penalty can be imposed in Iraq, it to. They are also wary of the deteriorating Political Affairs, briefed Council members is a truly shocking figure.” on the situation in Camp Ashraf. (Camp security situation. However, other members Ashraf, situated in Diyala province, houses Key Issues do not view the surge in violence following more than 3,000 Iranian exiles belonging to A key issue for the Council is the high level the US withdrawal as abnormal. of sectarian violence in the aftermath of the the Mujahedin-e Khalq Iran, or the People’s Council members are cautiously optimistic arrest warrant issued for Vice President Mujahedin of Iran, an organisation opposed regarding developments at Camp Ashraf. al-Hashemi. to the government in Tehran.) Though most members view the UN-brokered On 20 March, Iraqi State Minister Ali al-Dab- The security provision for UNAMI personnel agreement between the government of Iraq bagh said that Iraq’s cabinet had agreed to is a related issue. and the leadership of Camp Ashraf as a posi- allocate $300 million to settle a lawsuit that tive development, they feel that the potential Another important issue for the Council is remains for this issue to turn violent. had been filed by Kuwait Airways Corpora- assessing the contribution that UNAMI makes tion. (The state-run Kuwait Airways to the stability of Iraq and whether UNAMI’s The US is the lead country on Iraq issues in Corporation has been seeking $1.2 billion in composition ought to be modified in order to general, and the UK is the lead on Iraq/ compensation for ten aircrafts taken by Iraq better address the challenges it faces. Kuwait issues. during Iraq’s invasion of Kuwait in 1990.) Encouraging a peaceful resolution between UN Documents Iraq hosted in Baghdad from 27 to 29 March Camp Ashraf’s residents and the govern- Security Council Resolutions its first Arab League summit since Saddam ment of Iraq is also an issue for the Council. Hussein’s invasion of Kuwait. The Kuwaiti • S/RES/2001 (28 July 2011) extended emir, Sheikh Sabah al-Ahmed al-Jaber al- Underlying Problems UNAMI's mandate until 28 July 2012. Sabah, also attended the summit, as well as Due to the sectarian and political divisions, • S/RES/1958 (15 December 2010) ter- the Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon. It was key ministerial posts, such as for defence minated the Oil-for-Food programme the first visit to Iraq by a Kuwaiti leader since and interior, have been unfilled for months, and established an escrow account to the 1990 Gulf War. However, fewer than half and different political blocs remain divided provide indemnification to the UN with the leaders of the Arab world attended and over power-sharing. regard to the programme for a period the absentees included Sunni monarchs of of six years. Options Saudi Arabia, Qatar, other Gulf nations, Jor- • S/RES/1957 (15 December 2010) Regarding the political situation, an option dan and Morocco. Moreover, Iraqi President terminated the Weapons of Mass could be issuing a presidential or press Jalal Talabani became the first non-Arab to Destruction-related Chapter VII mea- statement that would include some or all of chair an Arab League summit. sures Iraq was subject to and urged the following elements: Iraq to ratify the Additional Protocol to On 24 January, a judge recommended that n expressing concerns about the impact of the Comprehensive Safeguards US Marine Staff Sergeant Frank Wuterich, violence on Iraqi civilians; Agreement with the IAEA as soon who pleaded guilty to dereliction of duty in a n urging Iraq’s political leaders to resolve as possible. plea deal, should face no time in detention differences through political dialogue; • S/RES/1956 (15 December 2010) for his role in the Haditha massacre of 19 and extended the Development Fund for November 2005, in which 24 Iraqi civilians n urging Iraq to finalise its government for- Iraq and related immunities a final time were killed, including women and children. mation by filling all vacant ministerial until 30 June 2011 and affirmed that five Wuterich is the only marine out of eight, who posts based on inclusiveness. percent of Iraqi proceeds from oil sales was convicted in this case. (The charges Taking steps to address the increasing would continue to be deposited into a against six other US Marines were dropped security needs of UNAMI would be an addi- compensation fund after that date. or dismissed, and one was acquitted.) tional option. Secretary-General's Reports Regarding Camp Ashraf, the Council could • S/2011/795 (22 December 2011) ask for regular briefings from either the was the first report of the Secretary- Department of Political Affairs or Kobler.

14 Security Council Report One Dag Hammarskjöld Plaza, 885 Second Avenue, 21st Floor, New York, NY 10017 T:1 212 759 9429 F:1 212 759 4038 www.securitycouncilreport.org General pursuant to paragraph International Court 6 of resolution 1956 about the UN of Justice Compensation Fund. SECURITY COUNCIL REPORT Expected Council Action • S/2011/754 (5 December 2011) was Monthly On 27 April, the Council and the General the 32nd report of the Secretary- Assembly will both hold elections for the APR 2012 General pursuant to paragraph 14 of FORECAST vacant position on the International Court of resolution 1284, covering the issue of Justice (ICJ), following the resignation of missing Kuwaiti personnel and property. Article 5 also provides that at least three Judge Awn Shawkat Al-Khasawneh (Jor- • S/2011/736 (28 November 2011) months before the date of the election, the dan) on 31 December 2011. (Council was the first report of the Secretary- Secretary-General shall address a written resolution 2034 fixed the date of the elec- General pursuant to paragraph 6 of request to members of the Permanent Court tion.) The new judge will occupy the seat resolution 2001, discussing UNAMI’s of Arbitration (PCA) and to members of until 5 February 2018, the remainder of Al- progress and other developments national groups, inviting them to nominate a Khasawneh’s term. in Iraq. suitable person to fill the position. (When the ICJ was established, the jurists of the • S/2011/607 (3 October 2011) was the Article 8 of the Statute of the ICJ provides PCA were given the right to nominate the Secretary-General’s report reviewing that “the General Assembly and the Secu- candidates for the ICJ, and countries that Iraq’s commitment to the chemical rity Council shall proceed independently were not part of the PCA constituted national weapons convention. of one another to elect the members of groups appointed for this purpose.) • S/2011/435 (7 July 2011) was the the Court.” third report of the Secretary-General Under article 10 of the ICJ Statute, candi- The process is intended to limit the possibil- on UNAMI. dates who obtain an absolute majority (i.e. ity that the vote’s outcome in one organ Letters more than 50 percent) of votes in both the might influence the vote in the other. • S/2011/806 (30 December 2011) was General Assembly and the Council are the letter from the chair of the commit- Background on the ICJ elected. A candidate therefore must obtain tee established pursuant to resolution The ICJ is one of the UN’s six principal 97 votes in the General Assembly and eight 1518 to the President of the Council. organs. All UN member states are parties to votes in the Council. In the Council vote, • S/2011/721 (15 November 2011) was the ICJ Statute, which is an annex to the UN there is no distinction between permanent from Iraq’s Ambassador Hamid Al- Charter. The ICJ is the only international and non-permanent members. Bayati to the President of the Council, court of a universal character with general If no candidate receives an absolute major- updating him on the formation of an jurisdiction. (For more background informa- ity on the first ballot in either the General Iraqi coordinating committee to deal tion on the court, see our October 2011 Assembly or the Council, a second ballot with Kuwaiti national archives. Monthly Forecast.) will be held. Balloting continues until a can- Security Council Meeting Record Candidates didate has obtained the required majority in • S/PV.6675 (6 December 2011) was The Secretariat is scheduled to publish the both bodies. Kobler’s briefing to the Council, list of candidates on 2 April. Until then, the When a candidate has obtained the required presenting the first report of the list is considered confidential. However, the majority in one body, the president of that Secretary-General pursuant to names of at least two nominees, Florentino body will notify the other president of the paragraph 6 of resolution 2001. P. Feliciano (Philippines) and Dalveer Bhan- outcome, but the results are only disclosed dari (India), have been made public. Security Council Press Statement to members of the second body after their • SC/10490 (15 December 2011) Prior to the election, the Secretariat is own voting is concluded. Articles 11 and 12 expressed the Council’s intention to expected to issue the list of candidates and of the ICJ Statute state that if the General continue funding for the activities of their curricula vitae, and a document laying Assembly and the Council do not select the the high-level coordinator for missing out the election procedure. same candidate, they will proceed to a Kuwaiti persons and property. second meeting and, if necessary, a third Election Process meeting, following the same procedures. If Article 14 of the Statute of the Court Other Relevant Facts by then the position is not filled, the Council states that: Special Representative of the and General Assembly may decide to con- Secretary-General in Iraq “vacancies shall be filled by the same vene a conference of six members (three Martin Kobler (Germany) method as that laid down for the first elec- from each body) to recommend a candi- date for acceptance by both bodies. Secretary-General's High-Level tion, subject to the following provision: the Secretary-General shall, within one month Coordinator for Iraq/Kuwait Missing Key Recent Developments Persons and Property of the occurrence of the vacancy, proceed On 10 November 2011, the Council—inde- Gennady Tarasov (Russia) to issue the invitations provided for in Article pendently from, but concurrently with, the 5, and the date of the election shall be fixed General Assembly—elected Giorgio Gaja by the Security Council.” (Italy), Hisashi Owada (Japan), Peter Tomka

Security Council Report One Dag Hammarskjöld Plaza, 885 Second Avenue, 21st Floor, New York, NY 10017 T:1 212 759 9429 F:1 212 759 4038 www.securitycouncilreport.org 15 (Slovakia) and Xue Hanqin (China) to the Notable Dates for April ICJ for nine-year terms, beginning on 6 February 2012. Both bodies failed to elect a Report Due Reports for Consideration in April Requesting Document fifth judge, as Abdul G. Koroma (Sierra 27 March SG report on UNISFA (Abyei) S/RES/2032 Leone) received the required majority in the 31 March SG report on UNOCI (Côte d'Ivoire) S/RES/2000 Council, while Julia Sebutinde (Uganda) 31 March SG report on Iraq oil for food S/RES/1958 received the required majority in the 5 April SG report on MINURSO (Western Sahara) S/RES/1979 General Assembly. On 22 November, they 12 April Panel of Experts report on Côte d'Ivoire S/RES/1980 convened again, yet the Council repeatedly 16 April SG report on UNAMID (Sudan/Darfur) S/RES/2003 elected Koroma and the General Assembly Mandates Expire Relevant Document continued to choose Sebutinde. 30 April MINURSO (Western Sahara) S/RES/1979 On 13 December 2011, the Council and Other Important Dates General Assembly convened on the matter for the third time. During the con- 1 April Myanmar is scheduled to hold parliamentary elections. current sessions, Sebutinde obtained the 1 April A Friends of Syria meeting will be held in Istanbul. required majority in both bodies and was 3-4 April The ASEAN summit will be held in Phnom Penh. elected for the fifth and final vacant posi- 11 April A Middle East Quartet meeting will be held in Washington, DC. tion on the ICJ. 16 April Timor-Leste is scheduled to hold a second round of presidential elections. UN Documents 19 April Special Adviser will meet with the Secretary-General in New York Security Council Resolution to discuss recommendations for Cyprus. 27 April The Security Council and General Assembly will hold elections • S/RES/2034 (19 January 2012) was for ICJ judge. the resolution setting the date for the election. Security Council Meetings on the Election of ICJ Judges • S/PV.6682 (13 December 2011) • S/PV.6665, 6666, 6667 (22 November 2011) • S/PV.6651, 6652, 6653, 6654, 6655 (10 November 2011)

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