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China – Guangzhou – Christians – Local Officials Refugee Review Tribunal AUSTRALIA RRT RESEARCH RESPONSE Research Response Number: CHN33718 Country: China Date: 5 September 2008 Keywords: China – Guangzhou – Christians – Local officials This response was prepared by the Research & Information Services Section of the Refugee Review Tribunal (RRT) after researching publicly accessible information currently available to the RRT within time constraints. This response is not, and does not purport to be, conclusive as to the merit of any particular claim to refugee status or asylum. This research response may not, under any circumstance, be cited in a decision or any other document. Anyone wishing to use this information may only cite the primary source material contained herein. Questions 1. Please provide an update on the extent of Christian churches in Guangdong (Guangzhou). 2. Please provide an update on: (a) any analyses/assessments of Christianity in Guangzhou, and (b) reports of the attitudes of local officials to Christian activities. RESPONSE 1. Please provide an update on the extent of Christian churches in Guangdong (Guangzhou). Although references to Christian churches in Guangzhou were found in the sourced consulted no information was found on their extent or prevalence in the city. One source has suggested that house churches in Guangzhou may have “thousands of members”. Named churches are listed below. Bob Fu from the China Aid Association (CAA), a US based organisation providing advocacy and financial support to Christian groups in China, stated in an August 2007 interview on the Australian Broadcasting Corporation’s Radio National The Religion Report programme: Stephen Crittenden: I thought the situation for Christians in China had been improving fairly significantly in recent years? Bob Fu: Well it depends on where you research and which area. You go to an eastern coastal city like Guangzhou, yes, the house churches even build up very beautiful church buildings, some with thousands of members. Stephen Crittenden: And they can pray more or less in the open? Bob Fu: Yes. They are much more open. But if you go to Hunan and Shandong and some other areas, you will find hundreds of believers and pastors are still being jailed and they are in a labour camp (‘China Missionaries expelled: Transcript’ 2007, The Religion Report, Radio National website, 8 August http://www.abc.net.au/rn/religionreport/stories/2007/1998728.htm – Accessed 8 April 2008 – Attachment 1). From the sources consulted the following churches in Guangzhou (with addresses where available) were identified: Sacred Heart Cathedral (Seksat) 56/7, Yide Road (Yat Tak Road) Guangzhou City (Charbonnier, Jean 2004, Guide to the Catholic Church in China , China Catholic Communications, Singapore, pp.405-408 – Attachment 2. Another source gives the address as: Yide Zhong Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou (‘Churches in Guangzhou’ 2007, National Office For Teaching Chinese as a Foreign Language (NOCFL)1 website, 13 December http://french.hanban.edu.cn/english/LivinginChina/Xmas/235483.htm – Accessed 26 August 2008 – Attachment 3). Shamian Our Lady of Lourdes Church 14, Main Street, Shameen (Charbonnier, Jean 2004, Guide to the Catholic Church in China , China Catholic Communications, Singapore, pp.408-410 – Attachment 2). Another source gives the address as: 14 Shamian Street, Liwan District, Guangzhou (‘Churches in Guangzhou’ 2007, National Office For Teaching Chinese as a Foreign Language (NOCFL) website, 13 December http://french.hanban.edu.cn/english/LivinginChina/Xmas/235483.htm – Accessed 26 August 2008 – Attachment 3). This Church may be the: Shamian Church 60 Shamian Street (South), Guangzhou (‘Churches and Meeting Points [Extract]’ (undated), Amity News Service2 website http://www.amitynewsservice.org/page.php?page=1233 – Accessed 27 August 2008 – Attachment 4). Christian Church of Our Saviour 184 Wanfu Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou (‘Churches in Guangzhou’ 2007, National Office For Teaching Chinese as a Foreign Language (NOCFL) website, 13 December http://french.hanban.edu.cn/english/LivinginChina/Xmas/235483.htm – Accessed 26 August 2008 – Attachment 3). Also, another source names the following Church at this address: Jiuzhu Church 1 A Chinese government body promoting the Chinese language throughout the world (http://english.hanban.edu.cn/english/LivinginChina/) 2 The Amity News Service has connections with the Chinese government. 184 Wanfu Road, Guangzhou City (‘Churches and Meeting Points [Extract]’ (undated), Amity News Service website http://www.amitynewsservice.org/page.php?page=1233 – Accessed 27 August 2008 – Attachment 4). Dongshan Christian Church 9 Sibei Tongjin, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou (Churches in Guangzhou’ 2007, National Office For Teaching Chinese as a Foreign Language (NOCFL) website, 13 December http://french.hanban.edu.cn/english/LivinginChina/Xmas/235483.htm – Accessed 26 August 2008 – Attachment 3; Another source gives the address as: Dongshan Sibei Tongjin #9, Guangzhou City (‘Churches and Meeting Points [Extract]’ (undated), Amity News Service website http://www.amitynewsservice.org/page.php?page=1233 – Accessed 27 August 2008 – Attachment 4). Henan Christian Church 23, the 5th Lane, Hongde Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou (Churches in Guangzhou’ 2007, National Office For Teaching Chinese as a Foreign Language (NOCFL) website, 13 December http://french.hanban.edu.cn/english/LivinginChina/Xmas/235483.htm – Accessed 26 August 2008 – Attachment 3). Henan Baogang Holy Family Church Henan Tongfu zhonglu Church (Charbonnier, Jean 2004, Guide to the Catholic Church in China , China Catholic Communications, Singapore, p.409 – Attachment 4). Xi’an Church 392 Renmin Road (Central), Guangzhou (‘Churches and Meeting Points [Extract]’ (undated), Amity News Service website http://www.amitynewsservice.org/page.php?page=1233 – Accessed 27 August 2008 – Attachment 4). Also, another source names the following Church at this address: Zion Christian Church 392 Renmin Zhong Road, Liwan District, Guangzhou (‘Churches in Guangzhou’ 2007, National Office For Teaching Chinese as a Foreign Language (NOCFL) website, 13 December http://french.hanban.edu.cn/english/LivinginChina/Xmas/235483.htm – Accessed 26 August 2008 – Attachment 3). Charbonnier notes the following churches in Nanhai (which he describes as being in the Guangzhou west suburbs): Foshan Nanhai Catholic Church 11, Hong’an li, Funing Rd, Foshan Dalizhen Shelong Catholic Church Luocunzhen, Lutangjiucun Cat Church Jiujiang Catholic Church Dalizhen Jiutancun Church (Charbonnier, Jean 2004, Guide to the Catholic Church in China , China Catholic Communications, Singapore, p.410 – Attachment 2). 2. Please provide an update on: (a) any analyses/assessments of Christianity in Guangzhou, and (b) reports of the attitudes of local officials to Christian activities. (a) Analyses/assessments of Christianity in Guangzhou Little information was found in the sources consulted on Christianity in Guangzhou. The case of the unregistered Damajan/Damazan Church in Guangzhou is often cited as one that has been allowed to hold meetings without interference from the authorities. Another source noted a rising community of Protestant Christian intellectuals, writers, artists and professionals playing an active evangelistic role in Guangzhou. According to recent CAA Christian Solidarity Worldwide (CSW) information a couple in Guangzhou were put under house arrest for 13 days and had their company’s business licence revoked. Among the grounds given for revoking the licence was that the company distributed Christian materials without State approval. In an article dated March 2003, May Cheng, an Assistant Professor at the University of Hong Kong, provided a detailed case study of the Damazan Church, a Protestant house church in Guangzhou. Cheng writes: The case study of a house church in Damazhan, Guangzhou, is employed to identify the growth strategies of these house churches and their differentiation from officially-registered churches. The Damazhan Church is the best-known Protestant house church in China. It is well known for its ability to resist political pressure while maintaining most of its activities in an open manner. Though Damazhan has had a rather unique experience, a thorough examination of its leadership, organisation, resources, recruitment strategies, and future prospects is still useful in understanding the growth factors of house churches in general, and how they have come to be regarded as a form of social movement resisting pressure from the government and established religious institutions (Cheng, May M. C. 2003, ‘House Church Movements and Religious Freedom in China’, China: An International Journal, March, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp.16-45 – Attachment 5). According to the Canadian Immigration and Refugee Board, the Human Rights in China (HRIC) noted in August 2005, that the treatment of Christians in southern China is poor, particularly in rural areas; HRIC could not elaborate citing lack of information. In September 2005 the executive secretary of the Hong Kong Christian Council commented to the Canadian Board that Guangdong and Fujian have “‘the most liberal policy on religion in China, especially on Christianity’”. The executive secretary cited the example of Pastor Samuel Lamb’s Damajan Church in Guangzhou “which he said has been allowed to hold meetings on a daily basis for 20 years without interference from authorities”. However, it may be noted that Cheng writes that Pastor Lamb had been arrested and detained in earlier years, most recently
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