©©TAF A Look at Ongoing MBT Upgrades & New MBT Programs in the Western World İbrahim SÜNNETÇİ The Fire Power, support the infantry forces of the MBT have been in September 1916, there Protection on the battlefield with declared many times has been a race between (Survivability) and instantaneous, accurate before especially when the and anti- and direct fire support first ATGM was deployed weapons. Even once the Mobility defines whenever and wherever at the battlefield in anti-tank weapons had the three basic it is needed either on the early 1970s, the MBT has the upper hand (at Yom characteristics of move or stationery. repeatedly proven itself Kippur War in October the Main Battle after each incidents and 1973 when the Israelis had As one of the many types managed to survive, not suffered losses Tank (MBT) that of Armoured Fighting first deployed in vanquished though it due to Soviet-made man Vehicles (AFVs) found on was humbled with the portable Sagger ATGMs September 1916 the modern battlefield, introduction of wire- and rocket launchers), and dominated tanks have been guided anti-tank guided thanks to deployment of battlefields produced in all shapes missiles (ATGMs). advanced armour systems throughout the and sizes throughout (including passive and their 104 years of Since the deployment of systems) rest of the 20th evolution but their ability first British Mark I heavy Century and and effective hard- of carrying firepower tanks (weighing 28 tonnes kill Active Protection beyond. on the battlefield with and powered by a six Systems (the APSs are a protected crew and cylinder petrol engine indeed operational since Thanks to their weapons has remained generating 105hp it was December 1983 with survivability, long-range essential. the first operational tank in Russian but they weapons, sensors and the and in the cannot be effectively ability to deliver firepower Even though the world) at the battlefield used until necessary accurately, the MBTs can obsolescence and death during Battle of Somme advancements had

106 achieved in computer during MOUT-operations conflicts it was once again armoured vehicles for and sensor technologies in Lebanon, Iraq, Syria and shown that contrary to ground combat in future’s in 2000s) coupled with a Yemen with few ATGM, IED and mine military strategy so the Missile Warning System errors by non-state forces threats the MBT is still a MBTs will still be around for (MWS) such as ’s and terrorists. As it was potent force and if fitted their bi centenary in 2116. System (ASPRO-A, proved in recent conflicts, with an effective APS However, due to new and adopted for use on the unless they are equipped coupled with a MWS and improved technologies Mk4 in 2009 and with state-of-the art utilized under true tactics the design of the future tested by the IDF Ground technology and effective (including improved MBT in the western world Forces Command by firing hard-kill Active Protection cooperation with infantry would be completely a dud ATGM in December System (APS) coupled to minimize exposure to different from current 2010 is able to detect, with a Missile Warning long-range attacks) in designs featuring stealth classify and engage all System (MWS) even the the hands of well-trained, technologies, unmanned known chemical energy contemporary MBTs, highly professional crew turret systems, active [CE] threats including; featuring an innovative the awesome power of electric armour, electric recoilless rifles, ATGMs, design that combines the MBTs have not yet or hybrid drive systems anti-tank rockets, HEAT maximum fire-power superseded by any other that reduce engine heat tank rounds, and RPGs) the and manoeuvrability with weapon system on the signatures, lasers and balance between tanks high crew safety, are still battlefield. energy weapons. and anti-tank weapons vulnerable on a battlefield have been restored in which long-range, It is clear that forces Recent Military during last decade. The advanced guided third fighting today’s conflicts, Trends in MBT Trophy APS deployed on generation ATGMs have where the hybrid and Field Merkava MBTs during proliferated. asymmetrical warfare Gaza conflicts in 2011 and tactics are implemented, While there has been a 2014 proved that it could During last decade at still need MBTs and heavy declining MBT market in prevent damage to tank asymmetric MOUT (Military armour because the MBTs West at the end of Cold from asymmetric threats, Operations on Urban and heavy armoured War (as stated by the such as those from RPGs Terrain) operations carried formations are the only European Defence Agency and ATGMs in urban areas out in Iraq, Lebanon, Syria units able to manoeuvre the number of heavy tanks and diminishes necessity and Yemen, where the on a battlefield where in the EU member states for the integration of add- anti-tank guided missiles an adversary has an has fallen from 15,000 to on armour kits which lead (ATGMs) have destroyed effective standoff weapons only 5,000 since the turn to increase in MBT total far more armoured vehicles capability, particularly of the millennium), this weight and profile. During than tank main guns have, ATGMs. has not been the case the 2014 Gaza conflict, the the MBTs were increasingly in the Middle East and deployed as a “direct Will the MBT in the Far East countries Trophy APS destroyed Continue to around 15 ATGM’s and fire support system” for such as China (China RPG’s shot at Merkava deployed infantry forces. Play a Role on achieved the serial MBTs. Not a single ATGM But as it was experienced Tomorrow’s production of the Type hit a Merkava MBT. with high loss records Battlefields? 80 MBT that represents deployments of the MBTs a major advances in It is widely accepted that in such role exposes high History of the late 20th Chinese tank design the breakthroughs in anti- vulnerability especially and early 21th century since it incorporates tank weapon systems against ATGMs as well has proven that the MBT many developments development and ease as improvised explosive still is the backbone of including stabilization and of their obtainment devices (IEDs) and mines. operations of Land Forces computerized fire-control have made the modern During recent conflicts in symmetric as well as in system in late 1980s and in battlefield more many MBTs that utilized asymmetric operations early 1990s the Type 90-II dangerous than ever for as a “direct fire support and will remain the central MBT [also known as MBT the MBTs. Thanks to their system” have been hit and element of the ground 2000] appeared which ease of operation the third knocked out of commission force structure, with a incorporates considerable generation ATGMs are by second (such as TOW continued role of primary improvements in nowadays can be used 2A) and third generation importance in the future firepower, protection and with tactical skill, including (such as Kornet-E) ATGMs battlefield. mobility over previous “swarm” techniques (firing used with asymmetrical Chinese MBTs), Japan (in multiple ATGM rounds at warfare tactics. It is widely accepted by 1990 Japanese consortium the same target at the the experts that there is headed by Mitsubishi same time) at ambushes Never the less at recent still a necessity for heavy Heavy Industries started

107 against Rocket Propelled Grenades (RPGs) with shaped-charge warhead and a tank-to-infantry telephone (allowing tank crew to communicate with nearby infantry). Starting from 2014 opposition forces (non- state military forces and proxy fighters) in Syria, Iraq and Yemen gained some experiences (learn to utilize tactics against armoured vehicles in urban environment) and captured/taken over (from ©©Mitsubishi Syria or Iraq Government Mitsubishi Heavy Industries indigenous Type 90 MBT bases) or somehow obtained substantial production of indigenous generation optics and upgrade meant to keep amount of ATGMs, which Type 90 MBT that is still fire control systems, which them ahead of the threat. allowed them to destroy in Japan Ground Self- in time turned into a big In this context MBTs were many armoured vehicles Defence Force service but business all over the world. fitted with a 12,7mm including MBTs. has not been offered for However, as a result of Remotely Operated export) and the Republic experiences gained during Weapons Station (to The US (provided weapons of Korea (under a joint counterinsurgency (COIN) allow the commander including ATGM missiles to US-South Korean project operations in Iraq and to shoot at targets from rebels fighting the Assad entirely South Korean- , where the the safety of inside the regime and ISIS in Syria), built Type 88 K1 MBT was threat mainly stemmed tank), underbelly mine Russia and Iran that send developed and entered from lightly armed protection kit (to counter modern ATGMs along with Republic of Korean Army (main weapons against the latest mine and IED other weaponry to arm service in 1987 and first armoured vehicles were threats), add-on armour and train proxy fighters production vehicle of its RPGs and IEDs and/or kits at the front and sides and non-state actors have improved variant dubbed mines) opposition forces (such as the brick-like M19 also played an important K1A1 MBT that fitted with (insurgents/rebels) with ARAT 1 and M32 ARAT role in the proliferation 120mm poor tactics, conventional 2 on M1A1/A2 Abrams) of the modern ATGMs main gun was produced MBTs received further to improve protection in recent asymmetric in 1996) which have developed their own MBT building industries and manufactured indigenous MBT solutions some of which already succeeded to secure export orders.

Starting from the beginning of 2000s consideration has been given both to lighter, smaller and air transportable medium MBTs and AFVs with identical firepower to supplement heavy MBT fleets and fitting old tanks with more powerful guns, powerpacks, new M1A2C SEPv3 with TROPHY APS

108 MOUT operations in Iraq, Lebanon, Syria and Yemen. As a result of their efforts in a very short period of time the ATGM becomes the single greatest threat to MBTs in MOUT operations. The heavy losses of MBTs in recent asymmetric MOUT operations in Iraq, Lebanon, Syria and Yemen has proved that unless they are fitted with modern armour package (including both modular armour and cage/slat armour) able to cope with threats and an effective APS the modernized 1960 and 1970-vintage MBTs (such as; T-55VM, T-62M, T-72AV, in terms of protecting The introduction of world MBTs such as M1 T-72M1, M60A3, M60T, against modern threats) Armata combat platforms Abrams, Leopard 2A6, Leopard 2A4 and Merkava to cope with symmetric (T-14 Armata MBT, T-15 Leclerc and Challenger Mk2 and Mk3) and even and asymmetric threats. Heavy Armoured Combat 2E are undergoing the contemporary MBTs In this context both the US Vehicle [ACV], and T-16 comprehensive high-tech with heavy thick armour (first batch order aimed Tank Recovery Vehicle) by upgrades that would turn (Merkava Mk IV, T-90A, to retrofit M1A2SEPv2 Russia in 2015 was a wake- them into a more reliable, M1A1, M1A2S and AMX- Abrams MBTs deployed up call to the Western effective and lethal and 56 Leclerc) are vulnerable in Europe but Trophy APS world. Presented to the allowing them to be a against ATGMs deployed also included in SEPv3 public for the first time at key asset in the land with asymmetric warfare upgrade) and the Victory Day parade on portion of the evolving tactics. Contemporary (one tank company it plans Red Square on May 9, 2015, multi-domain battle. Western world MBTs such to deploy as part NATO’s the T-14 MBT is equipped But even they receive as , Leopard Very High Readiness Joint with fourth generation comprehensive upgrade 2A6, Leclerc, and M1 Task Force/VJTF) has Malachit Explosive contemporary MBTs are Abrams are indeed very stepped up their efforts Reactive Armour (ERA) still not quite the radical effective tanks and to equip their and the Afghanit APS, has new MBTs that would could certainly outclass and MBTs with fully digitized equipment meet the requirements Soviet-era MBTs but Rafael’s Trophy APS. Rafael (with a high proportion of of Land Forces/Armies in they have had certain successfully tested Trophy software), an unmanned beyond the immediate vulnerabilities (especially APS fitted to a German turret and an insulated future (after 2030). For this against ATGMs) exposed Army Leopard 2 MBT in armoured capsule for the purpose, next generation over the past few years 2019 summer. While Rafael crew. As the new future MBT development during the asymmetric completed the delivery of Russian MBT threat to programmes have been MOUT operations in Iraq, first batch of 29 Trophy APS the Western world the T-14 launched both in Europe Lebanon, Syria and Yemen. to the US in September Armata MBT has caused a and in the US, which is a 2019, the substantial step up both subject of another article. Conflicts in Iraq, Lebanon, tank company unit is in MBT upgrade efforts France and Germany Syria and Yemen have expected to receive the and in the development (Krauss- Wegmann, fostered willingness of Trophy systems in 2022. of next generation MBTs Nexter and ) customers to check and The advantage of APSs, in Western world. are collaborating modernize their MBT an additional safeguard together to produce the inventory for adequate for the crew, is that they As a response to the new next generation MBT firepower, mobility and are lighter than add-on Russian T-14 MBT and to under the MGCS (Main protection (including armour kits, which cause meet the requirements Ground Combat System) both armour upgrade and increase in weight and for the immediate future Project, which is at an hard kill APS that is seen profile of the MBTs. (by 2030) many of the initial stage and aims to as an essential capability contemporary Western replace both the German

109 Leopard-2 and the French with the integration AMX-56 Leclerc MBTs of new open vetronics with a common design architecture, new armour next generation MBT in kits (that includes about 2035. Germany is additional modular thick interested in acquiring passive armour on the more than 300 vehicles hull and the slat armour while France up to 250 on the rear part of the hull vehicles. Polish MoD and turret), the BARAGE also declared its interest jamming system, a new in joining the MGCS programmable 120mm Programme in August ammunition (called 2019. Making the start of 120 mm HE M3M) and the MGCS procurement secondary armament (a program KMW, Nexter new 7,62mm remotely- Systems and Rheinmetall operated weapon system AG established an ARGE from FN Herstal) on the in December 2019. On top of the turret, as well April 28, 2020 Germany’s as the CONTACT radio Federal Ministry of currently developed by Defense (MoD) announced Thales and the French on its website that German Army's new command and ©©Defence Defence Minister Annegret communication systems AMX-56 Lecler MBT Kramp-KARRENBAUER (Scorpion information and and her French communication system counterpart, Florence MBT Upgrades will take place during [SICS] provided by Atos. PARLY, have signed a 2021 and first brigade The Leclerc DCL/DNG Framework Agreement & New MBT to be equipped with will be integrated with on the Franco-German Programs in Griffons, Jaguars and the SICS screen and will Main Ground Combat the Western renovated Leclerc XLR receive a rear armour and System (MGCS) Project. MBT is scheduled to be a Scorpion T1 cupola with In May 2020 under the World operational in 2023. The a 12.7 mm . MGCS Project the partners Scorpion renovation, AMX-56 Leclerc Meanwhile, according to and the German Federal which is scheduled to be reports Office of MBT completed by 2028, will Equipment, Information has been testing a Under the Scorpion allow the Leclerc XLR MBTs modified Leclerc MBT Technology and In-Service and Leclerc DCL/DNGs to Programme the French with a 140mm main gun as Support (BAAINBw), acting remain operational until at Army will upgrade 200 part of the development in the name of Germany least 2040. and France, have signed a (122 of which by 2025) of a MGCS Programme, of contract for the “System of its some 406 third Notified in March 2015 which one of requirement Architecture Definition generation AMX-56 to Nexter Systems for € is to have at least 50% Study – Part 1 (SADS Part Leclerc MBTs, which 330 Million the Leclerc more capable main gun 1). This contract represents entered the service in XLR renovation will be than the existing 120mm the industrial starting gun 1992, to the Leclerc XLR materialized in 2020 main guns on Leclerc and for a MGCS Demonstration level to keep them ahead by a first order for 50 Leopard 2 to cope with Phase. of the competition and platforms. Ultimately, future threats (such as to adapt them to ever- the French Army would T-14 Armata’s future 2A83 The US Army on the changing battlefield receive 200 upgraded 152mm main gun and new other hand is exploring threats. The Programme Leclerc XLR MBTs, 122 armour system). The up- next generation MBT also covers the upgrade of which by 2025. The gunned Leclerc has fired concepts (including both of 18 Leclerc DCL/DNG Leclerc XLR renovation more than 200 140mm manned and unmanned (Armoured Recovery aims to increase the rounds successfully and tank variants) as part version of the Leclerc) Leclerc MBT's operational Nexter Systems claims of its Next Generation battlefield repair capabilities to allow the weapon is 70% more Combat Vehicle (NGCV) tanks. Deliveries of the them to operate better effective than existing Programme to replace renovated Leclerc XLR in an urban environment NATO-standard 120mm the M1A1 and M1A2 Abrams MBTs and Leclerc DCL/ during MOUT-operations, tank main guns. MBT fleet. DNGs to the French Army

110 European

The European Main Battle Tank, or EMBT, combines the KMW Leopard 2A7 MBT’s fitted with the Nexter Systems Leclerc MBT turret. Since the Leclerc MBT’s turret fitted with an auto loader is lighter and more compact than the one on Leopard 2A7, the combat weight of the

EMBT has been reduced ©©Defence Turkey by roughly 6 tonnes. The chassis and turret sections operations the EMBT is the Mid-Life Upgrade (MLU) prototype phase at Serial were integrated at Nexter’s expected to be in service of three C1 MBTs at Modernization Phase 150 facility at Roanne, where by 2022 if there would the Leonardo plant in to 200 C1 Ariete MBTs in Leclerc MBT production be a buyer. Depending Spezia and Iveco in Bolzano. the service of four land was originally undertaken. customer requirement the Being financed through the regiments will receive MLU According to Krauss-Maffei EMBT shall in the future Ordinary Budget modernization which will Wegmann + Nexter Defence also be equipped with a allow the extension of their Systems (KNDS), the hull, more powerful 130mm/ of the Italian Ministry of operational life to 2035. engine and entire chassis L51 smoothbore gun. With Defense the contract has comes from the Leopard the new 130mm main gun, three-year schedule (2019- Improving mobility and 2A7 and were modified the EMBT would be able to 2021). The upgraded C1 operability with other to host the compact and face off Russia’s T-14 Armata Ariete MBTs will play the Italian combat vehicles light turret with automatic MBT. However, there is role of prototypes for a new were identified as the most loading from the Leclerc. doubt that the EMBT will variant of this tank and to priority aspects of the MLU As their first joint product become a serious product be tested in Italian armored effort. Therefore, as part the EMBT prototype (a in the immediate future (by units in 2021. of the Mid-Life Upgrade, technology demonstrator) 2030). the Ariete MBT will receive unveiled by the recently The C1 Ariete MBT entered improved suspension formed KNDS Group during C1 Ariete MBT service at Esercito Italiano system and a new power- Eurosatory 2018 and has MLU Program (Land Forces of the Italian pack consisting of a 1,500hp been evaluated as a starting Armed Forces) in 1995. Iveco VECTOR 12, 12-cylinder point for the MGCS since In early February 2020 the During 1995-2002, Italian , and a Renk it stands as a solid prove Italian Ministry of Defense Land Forces took over HSWL 295TM automatic that French and German announced that they have 200 Ariete tanks, which transmission (in place of industries can work together signed a Euro35 Million went to the 4th, 31st, the FIAT-Iveco MTCA 12V on joint MBT project. The contract in August 2019 32nd and 132nd Armored 1,270hp engine and ZF EMBT prototype has been with a consortium of Iveco Regiments. According to Friedrichshafen LSG3000 readied for initial testing Defense Vehicles and OTO open sources following the automatic transmission). within a record time of 15 Melara (CIO Consortium) for successfully completion of The Renk’s HSWL 295TM months following initial talks between the two companies. The EMBT is planed first for the export markets and according to French media reports, has already expressed interest. Designed to be a short-term response to the operational need of the market for high- intensity MBTs able to operate better in an urban ©©Armed Forces environment during MOUT- C1 Ariete MBT

111 automatic transmission already present in the K2 and MBTs, and the VECTOR 12 engine will use common components with the VECTOR 8 engine present in B2 Centauro II Main Gun System (MGS), wheeled tank destroyers.

The upgraded C1 Ariete MBT will incorporate the upgraded Selex Galileo TURMS-T (Tank Universal Reconfiguration Modular System) Fire Control Defence Turkey Defence System, coming from B2 © © Centauro II MGS, such as M1A2 MBT the ballistic computer and optoelectronic systems: generation, sustainability, Armata MBT and Russian 45 tanks with delivery the Lothar sight and the and maintainability. The ground forces involvement between July 2018 and ATTILA-D panoramic sight M1A2 SEPv3 replaces the in the occupation of August 2019) and in 2018 . In addition, M1A2 SEPv2, which was Crimea. The US Army (100+174, sufficient to arm the electrohydraulic drive implemented during 2005 will likely send one of the three ABCTs). In December system of the tank turret and 2015 and entered M1A2 SEPv3 equipped 2017 the US Department of will be replaced by an fully the US Army service in armoured brigades dubbed State awarded a framework electrical one. The crew 2007. In accordance with Armoured Brigade Combat contract to General will also have new radio the national direction Team (ABCT) to Europe Dynamics Land Systems stations at their disposal. the US Army has been soon, because the M1A2 (GDLS) to upgrade up to 435 Witihin the scope of MLU shifting its focus from Abrams is the US Army’s M1A2 Abrams MBTs to the the C1 Ariete MBTs will also counterinsurgency (COIN) most powerful weapon in M1A2C SEPv3 configuration. receive easily disassembled operations to conventional a potential ground conflict With current orders the passive shield modules at warfare focusing against in Europe. JSMC production line will be the front of the vehicle and great powers during recent kept running through 2021. ROMOR reactive armor, years. In parallel to this focus Production for the M1A2C The JSMC has completed which will appear on the shifting process it seems is being conducted delivery of the first full sides of combat vehicles, that even it features some at the Joint Systems brigade (armoured brigade and will be equipped with new capabilities focusing Manufacturing Center dubbed Armoured Brigade a new fire protection system on asymmetrical warfare, (JSMC, a Government Combat Team [ABCT], each located both in the turret the M1A2 SEPv3 upgrade owned manufacturer run has 87 Abrams MBTs along and in the hull. has been mainly oriented by GDLS in charge of the with Bradley ACVs and upgrade program) in Lima, M1A2 SEPv3 towards full-scale tank- Paladin SPHs) of upgraded to-tank battle (has thick Ohio and at the Anniston M1A2 SEPv3 Abrams MBTs (designated add-on armour blocks Army Depot in Anniston, in 2019 summer. At present, M1A2C) Abrams on the front of the turret Alabama by using existing each V3 upgrade costs MBT face) or a mechanized M1A1 and M1A2 Abrams around US$4 Million and warfare against great- MBT hulls as a starting point. each M1A2 SEPv3 MBT costs As part of its 2028 vision power adversaries such as Prototypes of the M1A2C around US$20 Million. The the US Army is upgrading Russia (has been working MBT began testing in 2015 price should drop as the its Abrams MBTs to M1A2 on a fleet of upgraded and deliveries to the US production rate increases. System Enhancement tanks, as well as continuing Army began on 4 October The US Congress allocated Package Version 3 to work on the new T-14 2017 as part of a US$92.2 US$1.5 Billion in FY19 to the (SEPv3, also known as the Armata MBT) and China Million contract awarded US Army for the upgrade of M1A2C) level, the most (has been developing new to GDLS in December 2015 135 M1A2s to M1A2C level, modernized M1A2 Abrams MBTs with better armour to convert an initial batch further 299 M1A2C upgrade MBT configuration, to protection and electronics). of six tanks to the new is slated for between FY20 improve the vehicle’s The driving force behind standard. GDLS received and FY23 via the base lethality, survivability, this focus change appears follow-on contracts in budget. responsiveness, power to be Russia’s new T-14 2017 (US$270 Million for

112 The M1A2 SEPv3 includes; Joint Tactical Radio System (JTRS, to support the JTRS’ digital data links the SEPv3 has an ethernet architecture and better Line Replaceable Unit [LRU]/ Line Replaceable Module [LRM] design), improved main gun accuracy with “smart cannon” munitions (such as M829A4 Advanced Kinetic Energy and XM1147 Advanced Multi-Purpose [AMP] rounds) programmable over Ammunition Data Link (ADL), Trophy hard- ©©KMW kill APS (mounted on large Leopard 2A+7 MBT external protrusions on each side of the turret to modification in August qualified by the German 12.7mm FLW 200 RCWS defeat enemy anti-tank 2017 for the development Army the Leopard 2A7+ to provide a close-in self- weapons including ATGMs of seven prototype M1A2 main battle tank is defence capability. and HEAT tank rounds), SEPv4 MBTs (also knows equipped with a modular Unveiled first at Eurosatory a built-in jammer (AN/ as the M1A2D) and testing. protection kit with passive 2016 the Leopard 2A7V VLQ-12 Counter RCIED) for The new M1A2 SEPv4 MBT armour modules to offer (Verbessert – “Superior”) defeating radio-triggered configuration, planned 360° protection to the is the latest version of the IEDs, Armour Upgrades to be tested by 2021, crew from ATGMs, mines, Leopard 2 MBT family. (the SEPv3 has thicker will include new laser IEDs and RPGs threat. Compared to Leopard front and rear armour than rangefinder technology, Ordered 62 Leopard 2A7+ 2A7 version, the Leopard the SEPv2 and there are colour cameras, integrated MBTs under a US$2.21 2A7V is fitted with a new geometric changes on the on-board networks, Billion contract awarded armoured modular system turret), improved forward- new sliprings, advanced in 2013 received for the upper front looking (FLIR) meteorological sensors, the first batch in October plate of the hull, features sensor using long- and ammunition data links, 2015 and the second a more powerful (20kW) mid-wave infrared, a low- laser warning receivers and batch of Leopard 2A7+ Auxiliary Power Unit (APU), profile Common Remotely a more lethal, multi-purpose MBTs in October 2016. a new Thales SOTAS Operated Weapon Station 120mm ammunitions. On 19 December 2018, as intercom, air conditioning (CROWS), a new 1,000- The M1A2 SEPv4 MBT part of its modernization system, integrated with amp Power Generation and production is set to begin process, signed third generation thermal Auxiliary Power Unit (APU, in FY23, with fielding taking a contract with KMW for imagers and a laser allows crew to monitor place by FY25. the procurement of 44 range finder, capable of the battlefield silently for new Leopard 2 A7+ MBTs Leopard 2A7+ using Rheinmetall’s new hours) installed underneath with deliveries scheduled programmable DM11 the armour to run tank’s and Leopard between 2021 and 2025. multipurpose round with electronics without turning 2A7V MBT Powered by an MTU MB modernized RH-120 L55A1 on the main engine. The First shown to public 873 diesel engine, which main gun which is able to M1A2 SEPv3 is still under 70 during the Eurosatory generates a power of fire the latest generation tons but could grow heavier 2010 the Leopard 2A7+ 1,500hp, the Leopard of armour piercing with future upgrades. is a modernized version 2A7+ is equipped with ammunition in the upper While the deliveries of M1A2 of the Leopard 2A6 MBT the Rheinmetall 120mm pressure zone, more SEPv3 are on-going work on developed by KMW. L/55 smoothbore gun, a powerful guidance drives development of the next Designed to operate in low computerised fire control an a new cooled thermal M1A2 Abrams upgrade intensity conflicts and also system coupled to day imaging rear camera for configuration, dubbed in high intensity conflicts and thermal sights for the the driver. M1A2 SEPv4, has already the Leopard 2A7+ features commander and gunner, The German Federal begun. For this purpose, enhanced protection the latest armour package, Armed Forces the GDLS was awarded a and reconnaissance an air-conditioning system (Bundeswehr) will receive a US$310.6 Million contract capabilities. Tested and and a roof-mounted

113 total of 205 Leopard 2A7V at DSEI 2019 features MBTs being modernized a brand new welded by KMW and Rheinmetall turret incorporating under two existing the Rheinmetall’s L55A1 contracts with a total smoothbore gun (able to value of more than EUR1 fire DM63A1 APFSDS-T KE Billion. They will be used and DM11 programmable in the modernization of High Explosive (HE) tank four tank battalions in the rounds), fitted with a near future. Two more tank fully digital electronic battalions will continue to architecture and a operate the older Leopard computerised fire control 2A6s with about 90 tanks. system, all-electric gun 32 obsolete Leopard 2A4 ©©RBSL control equipment, a MBTs, on the other hand, The Challenger 2 LEP Advanced Technology Demonstrator Thales Orion panoramic will be sent for storage. of RBSL day and night sight for On 29 October 2019 KMW the commander and a handed over first of 104 KMW and Rheinmetall. developed the Black Thales DGNS T3 day and Leopard 2 MBTs upgraded Modernization of Night Challenger 2 night sight for the gunner. to the standard to the the second batch of Technology Demonstrator The Challenger 2 LEP German Federal Armed 101 Leopard 2A7Vs equipped with a Safran upgrade is also expected Forces (Bundeswehr) and is scheduled to be Paseo commander’s to be fitted with a hard- first Leopard 2A7 MBT completed between 2020 independent sight, kill APS and RF Jammer for to the Danish Army at a and 2026. Leonardo thermal defeating radio-triggered ceremony held in Munich, Challenger 2 imager for the gunner, IEDs. RBSL is now the only Germany. The Danish and Leonardo night contender for the project. Army will receive a total Life Extension sight DNVS 4 to provide The UK MoD is expected of 44 Leopard 2A7 MBTs Program hunter-killer thanks to to announce its decision by 2022. The Bundeswehr thermal imagers for the under Challenger 2 LEP in The Challenger 2 (CR2) will receive the remaining gunner, commander, and early 2021 and since the MBT is in service with the Leopard 2A7Vs by 2023. driver. The Black Night Refine (the British Army since 1994 The contract valued at Challenger 2 unveiled by implementation of the UK and had its first combat US$843 Million (EUR760 BAE Systems in September Government’s Strategic experience during the Million) was inked in 2018 retained the tank’s Defence and Security 2003 , where April 2017 and covers L30A1 120m rifled gun. Review commitments) it engaged mainly with the upgrade of a total of announced in 2016 Soviet-era T-72s upgraded However, the other 68 Leopard 2A4s (Strv reduced the number of by the Iraqi military. The UK bidder Rheinmetall Land 121s repurchased from tank regiments to two Ministry of Defence (MoD) Systeme offered a more ), 16 Leopard 2A6s only about 150 Challenger has launched Challenger 2 extensive modernisation (acquired from ) 2 MBTs are now expected Life Extension Programme that includes the RH-120 and 20 Leopard 2A7MBTs to be modernized. (LEP) to modernize tanks L55A1 120 mm smoothbore to the A7V standard. with new night combat gun. On 1 July 2019, The Leopard 2A7Vs are ALTAY Project capabilities and equip Rheinmetall Defence UK expected to be replaced Phase-II Serial with Active Protection (55%) and BAE Systems with the promising MGCS Production System (APS) to ensure the Land UK (45%) formed MBT in mid 2030s. On 20 Challenger 2 MBT remains a new UK-based joint Project March 2019 the Bundestag combat-ready for the next venture company dubbed Budget Committee of BMC was assigned as 20 years until 2035. Under RBSL. Headquartered at the German Parliament, the Main Contractor the Programme the UK the BAE Systems factory approved EUR25 million upon the decree of the MoD awarded separate in Telford, RBSL unveiled (US$28 million) of funding Defence Industry Executive £23 Million contracts on its proposal for the to upgrade 101 German Committee (DIEC, 22 December 2016 to BAE Challenger 2 LEP at DSEI Leopard 2A6M2 and the highest decision- Systems and Rheinmetall 2019 Fair held in Leopard 2A6 MBTs to making body on defence Land Systeme for the during 10-13 September a level to the Leopard procurement in Turkey) assessment phase of the 2019. The Challenger 2A7V. The total value of dated 29 March 2018 Challenger 2 LEP. 2 LEP Advanced the upgrade programme under the ALTAY Project Technology Demonstrator Phase-II Serial Production is EUR300 Million To bid for the Challenger publicised by RBSL Project. The contractual and will be shared by 2 LEP BAE Systems has

114 the earlier production of the tank. The level of maturity is in a very good condition, but I do not want to say it before the exact signatures are made and announced. However, I can say that we are at a good point there. In addition, we have a small number of spare engines. Starting with these, we will enter a certain tank production process. They will be produced until the other domestic solution comes into play.” Under a Euro12 ©©Defence Turkey Million contract awarded ALTAY T1 MBT on October 15, 2010 a total of 5 sets of EuroPowerpack, negotiations were The T1 variant, which still awaits approval of incorporating V-12 type launched in March 2018 will have similar features the export license by the MTU MT883 Ka-501CR with the company and were with the PV-1 and PV-2 German Government. diesel engine (27,35 litres, completed successfully. prototypes developed Spoke to Bloomberg News dry weight is 1,800kg) The contract valued at and manufactured by Agency on 13 December coupled to RENK’s Euro 3.5 Billion was signed but will feature the 2019 regarding ALTAY MBT HSWL 295TM automatic between the Presidency of AKKOR Active Protection Programme President for transmission (with 5 Defence Industries (SSB), System (APS) and an Defence Industries Ismail forward and 3 reverse gears, the procurement authority improved add-on armour DEMIR said; “While Turkey dry weight is 2,450kg) under the Turkish MoND package from Roketsan is awaiting to hear from and a cooling and air and BMC on 9 November (including slat armour Germany for the supply filtration system. ALTAY 2018. Under the Serial at the rear of the turret of an engine for its ALTAY pre-prototypes (MTR and Production Phase, a total and the hull, thicker ERA MBT, it is also looking for FTR) and prototypes (PV-1 of 500 ALTAY MBTs are elements at the side alternatives.” On May 28, and PV-2) are powered by expected to be procured skirts of the hull and an 2020 speaking at the EuroPowerpacks mounted in two batches. The first add-on armour kit over online panel organized by in a ‘U Configuration’. But batch of the ALTAY MBT the turret) is scheduled SETA Foundation DEMIR since one of these 5 sets Serial Production Phase, to be in service with the underlined that the ALTAY was funded by Otokar’s for which the contract 18 MBT Serial Production own budget and installed was awarded, covers the months following contract Phase will be started with on company’s own ALTAY production of a total of effectivity. As of May 31, available power-packs. prototype the company did 251 ALTAY MBTs in three 2020, the contract still has DEMIR, “Work continues not deliver it to the SSB at configurations. Of the 251 not entered into effect. in two different power the end of the first phase ALTAY MBTs under the groups. We are talking of the ALTAY MBT Program. Before the contract contract, 40 will be in T1, about a process that goes Spoke to Habertürk News effectivity two important 210 will be in T2 and 1 will by putting these studies Agency on 17 December drawbacks should have be in T3 configuration. on top of each other and 2019 regarding ALTAY been solved. The first Under the Project, BMC that not only the power MBT Programme, Ethem one is the approval of was planned to receive system but also a series SANCAK, Chairman the export license by the consultancy services from of its components are of the Board of BMC, German Government Rheinmetall. According developed together. In disclosed that they had for the export of the to BMC, Rheinmetall’s this sense, our companies 20 engines being utilised EuroPowerpacks for consultancy would have created a certain at test and trials so they the ALTAY T1 MBTs to focus on various points competence, they have would manufacture 20 Turkey. The second one being handled by their accumulated. On the ALTAY MBTS with those is the selection of the subcontractors, and other hand, they carried engines. However, spoke facility where the Serial which constitute the certain collaborations to media at a press Production will take place. industrialization aspect of to certain maturity, conference organized on As of May 2020 Turkey, the Project. especially in terms of January 6, 2020 at the SSB

115 Headquarters SSB DEMIR the increase in weight, underlined that they had an indigenous diesel 4 power-packs from the engine being developed ALTAY MBT Prototype by BMC Power for the Phase, but they would not ALTAY T2 MBT will be be sufficient to open a more powerful and will production line for the first offer better performance batch of ALTAY T1 MBTs. than the existing 1,500hp DEMIR said, “We have a EuroPowerpack. contract for the ALTAY MBT, such as T0 + 18 Months. T0 Only one ALTAY (contract effectivity) is the MBT prototype will be produced in T3 next stage for us, after the ©©Defence Turkey configuration, which will prerequisites are met and MTU 1,500hp EuroPowerpack ready for production. The feature an unmanned company cannot start was operated under be required. For this turret with a bustle- mounted . the T0 when it does not the MoND-controlled purpose, BMC will invest The ALTAY MBT T3 have a power pack (motor General Directorate up to US$50 Million in and transmission). In the of Military Factories the 1st Main Maintenance configuration is scheduled event that the application (AFGM) when the Turkish Factory Directorate to for qualification in 2024, for the power package Government decided to upgrade its manufacturing and it is understood to is not finalized, this ‘T0- privatize and lease it to the infrastructure with be intended for use in month’ period does not private company BMC in the installation of new further trials and technical start, as we could not December 2018. However, generation benches at the evaluations rather than start the T18. We had 18 since this decision drew facility. for service with the Turkish Land Forces. months before we made strong criticism in Turkish The ALTAY MBT Serial public, we waited for the public opinion in the end The ALTAY MBT T2 previous application to be in August 2019 it was configuration will feature Production Phase contract concluded. This application decided to transfer the 1st an increased armour also includes lifecycle has not encountered a Main Maintenance Factory system, increased logistics support service positive or negative answer Directorate to ASFAT protection with the and the establishment at this time and is pending. Inc. Since its purchase isolation of ammunitions and operation of a Tank However, our search for by Turkish and Qatari from the hull, laser Systems Technology alternatives for the power partners for US$ 360 guided tank ammo firing Centre. There is also a pack is continuing rapidly, Million following a tender capability (for this Fire plan for the procurement and we hope that it will held in early 2014, BMC has Control System should of 60 Armoured Recovery end soon. After the power been working as part of be upgraded), crew Vehicle (ARV) and 50 package is completed the strategic partnership training mode and mobile Mine Clearance variants and the production line between Turkey and Qatar. camouflage net. The T2 of the ALTAY MBT, which qualification is completed, Since BMC has committed variant is expected to will be based on the T1 the T0 phase will start, to manufacture 6 ALTAY begin deliveries shortly configuration’s chassis. and then we will start 18 after the T1 configuration MBTs per month during the BMC signed a contract on months.” of ALTAY MBTs have been Serial Production Phase, the ALTAY MBT Power Pack modern benches to enable handed over. According Meanwhile under an to BMC officials, in with the SSB on 13 June the company to achieve 2018. The name BATU was agreement between this production rate will order to compensate for Military Factory and given to the ALTAY MBT Shipyard Management Power Pack to incorporate Incorporated Company a diesel engine and (ASFAT Inc.) and BMC, automatic transmission Serial Production of ALTAY that will be developed by MBTs will take place at BMC Power. According to the 1st Main Maintenance sources new engine with a Factory Directorate in power capacity of 1,600hp Arifiye, Adapazarı. The to be developed with Fiat’s 1st Main Maintenance technical support will be Factory Directorate based on the Fiat/Iveco MTCA V12 diesel engine (formerly known as ©©Otokar generating 1,270hp 1st Main Maintenance ALTAY MBT Loader with SARP RCWS operator console Centre) in Adapazarı (950kW) and has 25.8lt

116 volume utilized in the Ariete MBT. The engine that BMC will utilize in the ALTAY MBT will feature a for the higher power requirement.

The ALTAY MBT is operated by a crew of four, consisting of a commander, gunner, loader and driver. The commander is seated on the right side of the turret, with the gunner forward and below his position and the loader on the left side of the turret. The commander’s ©©Aselsan panoramic periscope The modernized FIRAT M60-T MBTs mounted in front of the loader’s hatch. The tank’s MBT also was proposed modern ATGM threats. such as; Laser Range main weapon is a 120mm for the Royal Army of Finders, Laser Designators 55-calibre smoothbore (RAO)’s Modern The FIRAT-M60T and Laser Beam Riders), gun fitted with a thermal MBT tender covering the Modernization Project Tank Driver Vision sleeve; fume extractor and procurement of 76 tanks was launched for the System (TDVS), Smoke a muzzle reference system. by Otokar. Currently RAO modernization of M60T Grenade Launchers, Air Ready to use 120mm operates Challenger 2, MBTs to increase their Conditioning System, ammunition is bestowed M60A1 and M60A3 MBTs. survivability against Auxiliary Power Unit (APU) in the turret bustle with modern ATGM ATGM and Audible Warning blow out panels in the M60 and (Anti-Tank Guided Missile) System and Protective roof. The loader’s hatch Leopard threats, to increase their Coating (at the turret walls has a ring mount for a 2A4 MBT firepower and their and ceiling, to maximize 7,62mm machine gun, and Modernization situational awareness. crew protection from Aselsan’s SARP Remote The Main Contract valued possible shrapnel threats Controlled Weapon Soon after several at EUR 109,245 Million + encountered in the event Station (RCWS), armed Turkish M60A3, M60T TL 25 Million was signed of RPG and ATGM attacks) with .50-calibre (12,7mm) and Leopard 2A4 MBTS between the SSB and on 169 M60T MBTs in machine gun, is mounted were hit by Kornet-E/ Aselsan on 11 May 2017, the TLFC inventory. In on the left side of the turret AT-14, Milan, TOW-II, and the Amendment no April 2018 the President roof (behind the loader’s 9K115-2 Metis-M and 1 to the contract valued of Defence Industries hatch), for operation by Fagot/AT-4 Anti-Tank at EUR 96.7 Million Ismail DEMIR announced the commander. The Guided Missiles (ATGMs) + TL 25 Million was with a tweet that ALTAY MBT measures launched by Islamic signed on 24 July 2018. under the FIRAT-M60T 10,85m in length, 3,68m in State (ISIS) and YPG/PKK Under the FIRAT-M60T Modernization Project, width and 3,32m in height, militants during Operation Modernization Project, the delivery of the 90 40mm with a combat weight of Euphrates Shield (carried Main Contractor Aselsan, Automatic Grenade 63,5 tons. Thanks to its out during August 24, in cooperation with the Launchers (AGL) had powerful EuroPowerpack, 2016 – March 29, 2017) 2nd Main Maintenance been completed. 40mm ALTAY MBT accelerates in Syria, in January 2017 Factory Directorate, AGLs are integrated from 0 to 32km/h (0 to the Turkish Presidency integrated a 12.7mm on SARP RCWSs and 20mph) in 6 seconds and of Defence Industries SARP RCWS, YAMGÖZ replaced the 12,7mm attains a maximum speed (SSB) launched a tender Close-Range Surveillance machine gun. Aselsan in of 65,5km/h, the speed for the modernization of System (360° Situational cooperation with MKEK and agility also helps to 169 M60T, 40 M60A3 and Awareness System), Tank developed 40mm smart improve survivability. The 84 Leopard 2A4 MBTs to Laser Warning Receiver grenade munitions with ALTAY MBT can cruise at improve their protection System (TLUS, to detect, airburst functionality 450km with internal fuel. level and increase their classify, identify and give and performed firing survivability against warning of laser threats tests in April 2018. Some The 3rd+ Generation ALTAY aiming on the platform

117 the AKKOR PULAT APS contains three critical sub-systems: The Control Panel, Power Distribution Unit and the Counter Measure Module. Maximum 8 Counter Measure Modules that consists of a millimetre- wave Triggering Radar and Counter Measure Munition can be installed on every MBT. However, according to feedback given by the , and as no Counter Measure Module deployment was ©©Aselsan planned over the turret, M60TM with AKKOR PULAT APS Counter only 6 Counter Measure Measure Modules Modules (2 on each of the sides, 1 on the front and of the modernized to simultaneously cope them at an optimum 1 at the rear) exist on the M60Ts dubbed M60TM, with multiple threats and distance before they M60TM. The system can were deployed during it provides 360-degree hit the tank. Aselsan be switched on and off protection capability. The displayed the M60TM with the help of the Control that was launched on system detects RPGs and AMT equipped with the Panel in the driver’s cab January 20, 2018 against ATGMS directed towards AKKOR PULAT APS in the and the Counter Measure YPG/PYD positions the M60TM AMT in the outdoor exhibition area Modules can be activated surrounding the Syrian air with the help of the during IDEF ‘19. According upon request only towards city of Afrin. high technology radar to the information on the direction of the threat it features and destroys the product’s brochure, With the Contract while other Modules can Amendment no 1, the be deactivated. When total amount of the Project the module is activated, contract has reached to the Counter Measure EUR 206 Million + TL 50 Munitions over it, in the Million. In accordance form of a cylindrical stick, with the amendment to emerges out of its socket the contract, the AKKOR and remains outside PULAT Active Protection the hull at a distance of System (APS) will be 30-40cm. The sensor installed on 40 of the of the Triggering Radar 169 M60TM MBTs tanks. remains on the tip of Out of the 169 tanks the cylindrical Counter named M60TM that were Measure Munitions. The modernized as part of Triggering Radar is able the FIRAT-M60T Project, to scan up to 180 degrees the Telescopic Periscope in azimuth and 35 degrees System (TEPES) will be in elevation and is said to installed on 73 of these be capable of detecting tanks. Moreover, 90 an approaching threat 40mm automatic grenade up to 50m and calculates launchers were procured its angle of approach. in 2018 to be used on the After the estimation of M60TM MBTs. the optimum intercept point, when the threat From top to the bottom YAMGOZ Close-Range AKKOR PULAT APS is Surveillance System sensor, Tank Laser Warning Receiver is within the range the capable of physical System (TLUS) sensor and AKKOR PULAT APS Counter warhead right at the destruction and it is able Measure Module back of the millimetre-

118 wave Triggering Radar is activated for interception. When the cylindrical Counter Measure Munitions is activated it neutralizes the threat using a dense cloud of fast-moving splinters (small fragments scatter around in the shape of a ring due to the cylindrical form of the munition). The fast-moving splinters directly shoots the ©©Roketsan warhead of the ATGM that constitutes a threat. After a on the M60TM AMTs, target detected through posted on social media/ physical impact either the secure surveillance INS integration and then twitter accounts in March warhead on the threat is and target acquisition submits them to the 2018. disabled or the formation capabilities while in the operator. BMC was selected for of the gel effect (in the defilade position are Roketsan and Aselsan the modernization of HEAT type warhead) is gained. On account of have been selected for the 84 Leopard 2A4 MBTs prevented. According to Aselsan’s TEPES mast modernization of M60A3 (sufficient to equip two Aselsan official as the fast- mounted sighting MBTs. With modernization tank battalions/one moving splinters moves system, which is to be undertaking, the aim is to brigade) under different 35 degrees upwards integrated to a total of increase the survivability, categories and a contract after the activation, it 73 M60TM AMTs, the the firepower and the (according to sources can, technically, also tanks gain superior situational awareness of valued at around US$300 intercept ATGMs with target acquisition and 40 M60A3 MBTs (sufficient Million) was signed in 2017 a top attack capability surveillance capabilities to equip one tank between BMC and the to a certain extent. In with high precision under battalion) in the Turkish SSB. But according to a one of his remarks, the all types of weather and Land Forces service. BMC official, as a result of former Turkish Minister of geographical conditions. Dubbed the M60A3T1, the constantly changing Defence Nurettin CANIKLI The capabilities of TEPES the modernized M60A3 requirements of the stated that interception such as motion detection, MBTs are integrated with end user the Project has up to 8-10 meters was target tracking, sectoral a 12.7mm SARP RCWS, evolved into a completely possible with AKKOR scanning, integrated YAMGÖZ Close-Range different point. Required PULAT while with AKKOR operation with other Surveillance System (360° modifications and APS interceptions up to systems (Laser Warning Situational Awareness evolutions to answer the a distance of 100 meters System, Remote System), Tank Laser TAF’s new requirements, of could be conducted. In Commanded Weapon Warning Receiver System that occurred during the field tests executed System, etc.), acquisition (TLUS), Smoke Grenade recently gained with AKKOR PULAT of the target coordinates Launchers, Tank Driver operational experiences, APS, over 400 ballistic and video/ image Vision System (TDVS), Fire have been implemented tests were conducted recording will dramatically Extinguishing – Explosion on the Project structure against various threats increase the survivability Suppression System, and modernization efforts such as RPG, Kornet-E, of the M60TM. The system Audible Warning System, on prototype Leopard Konkurs and TOW. During capable of capturing Power Distribution Unit, 2A4TM were launched in Operation Peace Spring, thermal images and TV Protective Coating 2018. Modernization of which began on 9 October images via its E/O sensors and Increased Armour the prototype Leopard 2019, the AKKOR PULAT is capable of conducting Protection (Roketsan’s 2A4TM was expected to APS on the M60TM MBT laser distance measuring add-on ERA armour be completed in 2019 and has proved its value and up to 20 kilometres. modules and slat armour then Serial modernization protected the tank and TEPES can reach a height at the rear of turret). of the remaining 83 MBTs its crew against an ATGM of 2.5 meters with the M60A3T1 MBTs will be also will be initiated (either at shot by YPG. telescopic elevation system (mast) over the integrated with Aselsan’s the 1st Main Maintenance With the help of the M60TM turret and is AKKOR PULAT APS. Factory Directorate or at Telescopic Periscope capable of calculating Photos of the modernized the 2nd Main Maintenance System (TEPES) integrated the coordinates of the M60A3T1 MBTs were Factory Directorate).

119 T-14 Armata MBT

T-14 Armata Providing the latest rival Measuring 10.8m-long, and the Afghanit hard- MBT to the Western world 3.5m-wide and 3.3m-high kill APS. The Russian news MBTs the T-14 Armata the T-14 Armata MBT’s agency Tass has reported The T-14 Armata MBT features fully digitized hull is divided into three that the T-14 Armata MBT Development Programme equipment (which compartments, a crew cab will be fully protected not was launched in 2011 requires a high proportion at forward, an unmanned only against ATGMs but and pilot tanks was of software and advanced remote-controlled turret also against up to 150mm delivered to the Russian packed battery sets), an in the centre and a power- tank rounds. Since tank is Army in 2015. In early unmanned turret (armed pack at the rear. The driver fitted with an unmanned 2019, the Russian MoD with a 125mm 2A82-1M sits in the left, gunner in the turret the crew has to had announced the smoothbore gun fed by middle and commander in entirely rely on their beginning of the T-14 an automatic loader) and the right inside a special sensors for situational Armata MBT field- an insulated armoured armoured capsule. Entry awareness and targeting. testing. In 2019 about 16- capsule for the crew. The and exit are provided According to sources the 20 T-14 MBT prototypes unmanned turret carries through three hatches in T-14 Armata MBT will be have undergone testing a total of 45 rounds of front of the hull. integrated with advanced with the Russian Army ammunition, including sensors backed by state- Representing a market under different climate ready-to-use ammunition. of-the-art battery sets to change in Russian MBT conditions. According The main gun can also fire allow built in situational design the T-14 Armata to recent reports the laser-guided missiles. The awareness system to MBT offers much-better Russian Army slated to 2A82-1M 125mm main gun observe, detect and react crew survivability than receive serial-produced can be replaced with a new against incoming threats any previous Russian 3rd+ generation 12 T-14 2A83 152mm gun in future even the main engine is or Soviet MBT and MBTs and four T-16 and a 30mm cannon can off. compared to previous Armoured Recovery be also installed as a Russian MBTs which have Meanwhile, citing Russian Vehicles, also known as secondary gun. relatively simple design, Minister of Industry and Armata ARV or BREM-T in With a combat weight fitted with a number of Trade Denis MANTUROV, 2020. In February 2018, of just 48 tones the T-14 very advanced features TASS news agency the Russian Ministry of Armata MBT is much some of which have ever reported on April 19, Defence (MoD) had signed lighter than the Western been implemented in an 2020 that Russia has a contract with Russia’s world MBT (e.g. Leopard operational MBT even tested its T-14 Armata main tank manufacturer 2A7, M1A2 Abrams, Leclerc in the Western world. MBTs in Syria. The new Uralvagonzavod (UVZ) and Challenger 2) and is The T-14 Armata MBT is T-14 Armata MBT, based for the series production powered by a 12-cylinder equipped with passive on the Armata Universal of 132 Armata Universal 1,100 kW diesel engine laminated armour Combat Platform, is the Combat Platforms coupled to a 12-speed combined with fourth first serial-produced next- including T-14 MBT, T-15 automatic transmission. generation Malachit ERA generation MBT Heavy ACV and T-16 ARV.

120