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Firing US 120Mm Tank Ammunition in the Leopard 2 Main Battle Tank

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An advanced weapon and space systems company

Firing US 120mm Tank Ammunition in the Leopard 2 Main Battle Tank

NDIA Guns and Missiles Conference Harlan Huls 22 April 2008

1_T105713Cauthor.ppt 04/03/20001

1

Agenda

An advanced weapon and space systems company

1. Overview of tanks and ammunition
• Interoperability of the weapon and ammunition
2. Objectives of the test conducted in Denmark 3. Results of the firings in Leopard 2 with L44 and L55 weapon system 4. Conclusions

2

Description of US Tank Ammunition

An advanced weapon and space systems company

US 120mm Tank Ammunition Types

™

  • M1028 KEWA2 M829A3 M830A1 M1002 M831A1 M830
  • M908
  • M865

  • Canister
  • APFSDS-T APFSDS-T HEAT-MP-T TPMP-T TP-T
  • HEAT-MP-T HE-OR-T TPCSDS-T

Several US ammunition types with interoperability maintained through International JCB by controlling interface features (ICD)

3

Abrams and Leopard 2 MBT With 120mm Smoothbore Cannon

An advanced weapon and space systems company

Leopard 2 Tanks
Abrams Tanks

Leo2A6

L55 Weapon (Dutch)

M1A1 Abrams
Leo2A5

L44 Weapon (Danish)

(M256 ~ L44 Weapon)
Leo2A4

L44 Weapon

M1A2 Abrams (M256 ~ L44 Weapon)

Several MBT configurations with 120mm weapon. Interoperability is maintained through international JCB by controlling interface features (ICD)

4

120mm Smoothbore Compatible Platforms

An advanced weapon and space systems company

  • Platform Picture
  • Type and Country
  • Caliber

44

Basic Load
Tactical Rounds
Training Rounds
Comments

M1A1 Abrams

40 rounds
M829A3 M829A2 M829A1
M865 M831A1 M1002
Training and Tactical designed for 120mm Compatible Weapon systems
USA, Australia, Kuwait, Egypt
M830 M830A1

M1A2 Abrams

M1028
USA, Saudi Arabia
KEW,

KEWA1, KEWA2

Leopard 2 A4 or A5

  • 44
  • 42

rounds
DM33 DM53
DM48 DM18
Training and Tactical designed for 120mm Compatible Weapon systems

Germany, Austria, Chile, Denmark, Norway, Finland, Switzerland,

DM63 DM12A1 DM11

Sweden, Greece

DM31

Leopard 2 A6

  • 55
  • 42

rounds
DM33 DM53
DM38/A1-5 Training and

  • DM48
  • Tactical designed

Germany, Canada, Netherlands, Spain, Greece

for 120mm Compatible Weapon systems

  • DM63
  • DM18

  • DM12A2
  • M865

M865C1

5

Interoperability

An advanced weapon and space systems company

1. Ammunition meets the requirements of NATO STANAG 4385
– Designed, tested and manufactured to this standard from beginning.

– Interoperability is maintained by the Interface Control Document
(ICD)

– ICD is maintained by International Joint Configuration Board

2. Ammunition interoperability is demonstrated when fired from the compatible platform.

6

Ammunition and Weapon Interoperability

An advanced weapon and space systems company

Where US Tank Ammunition has been fired

  • L44 (M256)
  • L55
  • Countries that have fired the ammunition

  • M830 HEAT-MP-T
  • USA, Egypt, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia

9

M830A1 HEAT-MP-T M831A1 TP-T
USA, Australia, Denmark, The Netherlands

99
99

USA, Australia, Austria, Denmark, Egypt,
Finland, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia

  • M865 TPCSDS-T
  • USA, Australia, Austria, Denmark, Egypt,

Finland, Kuwait, Norway, The Netherlands, Saudi Arabia

9

M908 HE-OR-T M1002 TPMP-T
USA

99

USA, Denmark, The Netherlands

99

  • M1028 Canister
  • USA, Australia, Denmark, The Netherlands

USA, Egypt, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia

999

KEWA1 APFSDS-T

  • KEWA2 APFSDS-T
  • USA, Australia, Egypt, Kuwait, Denmark, The

Netherlands

9

7

Purpose for Test Firing US Ammunition in Leopard 2 Tanks

An advanced weapon and space systems company

Purpose of test firing 1. Support NATO Allies for deployment in Afghanistan 2. Demonstrate the interoperability of US ammunition in the Leopard 2 tank with L44 and L55 weapon system

– M865 and M831A1 training ammunition is already used by countries with Leopard 2 tanks

3. Check ammunition performance across temperature and distance using the existing Leopard 2 firing control

4. Demonstrate functional performance against targets when fired from the L44 and L55 weapon system

Demonstrate the interoperability in the Leopard 2 Tanks

8

How We Arranged the Demonstration Test

An advanced weapon and space systems company

• The Danish Army hosted the event in Oksboel Training Center
– Provided the test range, targets, Leopard 2/A5 MBT, test crew and instrumentation, facilities and transportation on site, and focal point for logistics.

• The Dutch Army provided the Leopard 2/A6 MBT, test crew and instrumentation, and assisted in coordination and logistics

• The ammunition producers, ATK and GD-OTS, provided the ammunition and assisted in logistics and support.

• US Army provided on site support at the test

The Demonstration Test took several months of planning. As cooperation and enthusiasm grew we decided to invite other 120 user nations to witness the test.
12 Countries were able to attend the test.

9

Demonstration Test Firing in Oksboel, Denmark

An advanced weapon and space systems company

Test fired 4 types of US ammunition across temperatures in the • Danish Leopard 2/A5 with L44 weapon system • Dutch Leopard 2/A6 with L55 weapon system (longer gun)

  • M1002
  • KEWA2™ M830A1
  • M1028

TPMP-T APFSDS-T HEAT-MP-T Canister

10

M1002 MPTP-T Training Round NSN 1315-01-509-3555

An advanced weapon and space systems company

Test Fired 20 rounds to verify fire control across temperatures: • 6 from each tank at temperature -32C, +21C, +50C tracking projectile to tank fire control • 4 from each tank using the existing Leopard 2 tank Ballistic setting, A2 of fire control system, at
+21C for zeroing on a target at 1,000m measured for precision

• Results (H X V mils) L44 = 0.14 X 0.22 , L55 = 0.20 x 0.03

Results showed ammunition works well in Leopard 2 Tank System

2 rounds went through the same hole

1 meter / square

L55 Gun
L44 Gun

11

M1002 Training Round Velocity Data

An advanced weapon and space systems company

Velocity versus temperature in L44 and L55 Weapon.

TPMP M1002

1460 y = 0,8398x + 1398

R2 = 0,9911
1440 1420 1400 1380 1360
DK (L44) NL (L55) Linear (NL)

Linear (DK)

y = 0,8975x + 1350,1
1340

R2 = 0,9956
1320

1300

  • -40
  • -20
  • 0
  • 20
  • 40
  • 60

Temp [°C]

12

KEWA2™ APFSDS-T NSN 1395-01-524-9642

An advanced weapon and space systems company

• 14 rounds fired across temperatures

• 7 rounds in each tank across temperatures at 1700 meters

– 2 at -32C, 3 at +21C, 2 at +50C

Changed aim point after round #4

  • L55 Gun
  • L44 Gun

Used existing Leopard 2 tank Ballistic setting A2 of fire control system

13

KEWA2™ Velocity Data

An advanced weapon and space systems company

Velocity versus temperature in L44 and L55 Weapon.

KEWA2

1900 1850 1800 1750 1700 1650 1600 1550 y = 1,9322x + 1724,4
R2 = 0,9785

DK (L44) NL (L55) Linear (NL) Linear (DK) y = 2,2929x + 1646

R2 = 0,9761

  • -40
  • -20
  • 0
  • 20
  • 40
  • 60

Temp [°C]

14

KEWA2™ Fire for Effect on Target

An advanced weapon and space systems company

• 2 rounds fired from Danish Leopard 2/A5 Tank at +21C for effect on target • Target is Leopard 1A5 Main Battle Tank at ~1,000 meters

Accurate and effective

1st shot through turret

2nd shot through front armor

15

KEWA2™ Effect on Target

An advanced weapon and space systems company

Front of vehicle Entrance holes

Rear of vehicle Exit holes

16

KEWA2™ Firing on Tank Target, Gunner Sight

An advanced weapon and space systems company

17

M830A1 HEAT-MP-T NSN 1315-01-333-0534

An advanced weapon and space systems company

• Fired to verify fire solution across temperatures • 7 rounds from each tank across temperatures at 1700 meters

– 2 at -32C, 3 at +21C, 2 at +50C

M830A1 MPAT

L44 Gun
L55 Gun

Use existing Leopard 2 tank Ballistic setting A2 of fire control system

18

M830A1 Velocity Data

An advanced weapon and space systems company

Velocity versus temperature in L44 and L55 Weapon.
HEAT MP-T M830 A1

1520 1500 1480 1460 1440 1420 1400 1380 1360 1340 y = 1,0174x + 1433,9
R2 = 0,9821

DK (L44) NL (L55) Linear (NL) Linear (DK)

y = 0,986x + 1386,8
R2 = 0,9621

  • -40
  • -20
  • 0
  • 20
  • 40
  • 60

Temp [°C]

19

M830A1 Multi-Purpose High Explosive Air Burst

An advanced weapon and space systems company

• Fired for airburst effect on target

¾Target is Simulated Helicopter at ~1,000 meters

Before
After

20

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  • {PDF} Leopard 1 Main Battle Tank

    {PDF} Leopard 1 Main Battle Tank

    LEOPARD 1 MAIN BATTLE TANK : THE LEOPARD 1 FAMILY OF AFVS 1956 TO 2011 PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Michael Shackleton | 192 pages | 03 Mar 2020 | HAYNES PUBLISHING GROUP | 9781785216374 | English | Somerset, United Kingdom Leopard 1 Main Battle Tank : The Leopard 1 family of AFVs 1956 to 2011 PDF Book Contained in the article are a couple of photos of Belgian Leopard 1BEs in mud camouflage. Michael also restores military vehicles. Not a huge amount of Leopard 1 material, but there are 2 pages of Gepard A2 alongside a lot of Leopard 2 and other types from across the Bundeswehr. Photo: KMW. Rowling David Walliams. Select the List you'd like to categorise as, or add your own. Bringing F Technology to the Rotorcraft World. Using the German-built version of the British L7 mm gun the Leopard focused on firepower and with its impressive cross-country performance it was unmatched by most other tank designs of the era. They were too light to be effective against MBTs however the end of the Cold War meant they were used in stability operations in Bosnia and Somalia and relegated to training the tank crews in Canada that later received repatriated Leopard C1 tanks from the Canadian Forces in Germany that were disbanded in They mostly appear in various make-shift camo schemes from crew-applied mud to camo nets and natural foliage. The Leopard 1 FOV was the first fully-German developed family of armoured combat vehicles since the end of the Second World War, and owes much to the design concepts developed through combat experience during the latter stages of that war.