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Firing US 120Mm Tank Ammunition in the Leopard 2 Main Battle Tank

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Firing US 120Mm Tank Ammunition in the Leopard 2 Main Battle Tank An advanced weapon and space systems company Firing US 120mm Tank Ammunition in the Leopard 2 Main Battle Tank NDIA Guns and Missiles Conference Harlan Huls 22 April 2008 1_T105713Cauthor.ppt 04/03/20001 1 Agenda An advanced weapon and space systems company 1. Overview of tanks and ammunition • Interoperability of the weapon and ammunition 2. Objectives of the test conducted in Denmark 3. Results of the firings in Leopard 2 with L44 and L55 weapon system 4. Conclusions 2 Description of US Tank Ammunition An advanced weapon and space systems company US 120mm Tank Ammunition Types M1028 KEWA2™ M829A3 M830A1 M1002 M831A1 M830 M908 M865 Canister APFSDS-T APFSDS-T HEAT-MP-T TPMP-T TP-T HEAT-MP-T HE-OR-T TPCSDS-T Several US ammunition types with interoperability maintained through International JCB by controlling interface features (ICD) 3 Abrams and Leopard 2 MBT With 120mm Smoothbore Cannon An advanced weapon and space systems company Leopard 2 Tanks Abrams Tanks Leo2A6 L55 Weapon (Dutch) M1A1 Abrams Leo2A5 (M256 ~ L44 Weapon) L44 Weapon (Danish) Leo2A4 M1A2 Abrams L44 Weapon (M256 ~ L44 Weapon) Several MBT configurations with 120mm weapon. Interoperability is maintained through international JCB by controlling interface features (ICD) 4 120mm Smoothbore Compatible Platforms An advanced weapon and space systems company Platform Picture Type and Country Caliber Basic Tactical Training Comments Load Rounds Rounds M1A1 Abrams 44 40 M829A3 M865 Training and USA, Australia, rounds M829A2 M831A1 Tactical designed M829A1 for 120mm Kuwait, Egypt M1002 M830 Compatible Weapon M830A1 systems M1A2 Abrams M1028 USA, Saudi Arabia KEW, KEWA1, KEWA2 Leopard 2 A4 or A5 44 42 DM33 DM48 Training and Germany, Austria, rounds DM53 DM18 Tactical designed Chile, Denmark, DM63 for 120mm Compatible Weapon Norway, Finland, DM12A1 Switzerland, systems Sweden, Greece DM11 DM31 Leopard 2 A6 55 42 DM33 DM38/A1-5 Training and Germany, Canada, rounds DM53 DM48 Tactical designed Netherlands, Spain, DM63 DM18 for 120mm Greece Compatible Weapon DM12A2 M865 systems M865C1 5 Interoperability An advanced weapon and space systems company 1. Ammunition meets the requirements of NATO STANAG 4385 – Designed, tested and manufactured to this standard from beginning. – Interoperability is maintained by the Interface Control Document (ICD) – ICD is maintained by International Joint Configuration Board 2. Ammunition interoperability is demonstrated when fired from the compatible platform. 6 Ammunition and Weapon Interoperability An advanced weapon and space systems company Where US Tank Ammunition has been fired L44 (M256) L55 Countries that have fired the ammunition M830 HEAT-MP-T 9 USA, Egypt, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia M830A1 HEAT-MP-T 9 9 USA, Australia, Denmark, The Netherlands M831A1 TP-T 9 USA, Australia, Austria, Denmark, Egypt, Finland, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia M865 TPCSDS-T 9 9 USA, Australia, Austria, Denmark, Egypt, Finland, Kuwait, Norway, The Netherlands, Saudi Arabia M908 HE-OR-T 9 USA M1002 TPMP-T 9 9 USA, Denmark, The Netherlands M1028 Canister 9 9 USA, Australia, Denmark, The Netherlands KEWA1 APFSDS-T 9 USA, Egypt, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia KEWA2 APFSDS-T 9 9 USA, Australia, Egypt, Kuwait, Denmark, The Netherlands 7 Purpose for Test Firing US Ammunition in Leopard 2 Tanks An advanced weapon and space systems company Purpose of test firing 1. Support NATO Allies for deployment in Afghanistan 2. Demonstrate the interoperability of US ammunition in the Leopard 2 tank with L44 and L55 weapon system – M865 and M831A1 training ammunition is already used by countries with Leopard 2 tanks 3. Check ammunition performance across temperature and distance using the existing Leopard 2 firing control 4. Demonstrate functional performance against targets when fired from the L44 and L55 weapon system Demonstrate the interoperability in the Leopard 2 Tanks 8 How We Arranged the Demonstration Test An advanced weapon and space systems company • The Danish Army hosted the event in Oksboel Training Center – Provided the test range, targets, Leopard 2/A5 MBT, test crew and instrumentation, facilities and transportation on site, and focal point for logistics. • The Dutch Army provided the Leopard 2/A6 MBT, test crew and instrumentation, and assisted in coordination and logistics • The ammunition producers, ATK and GD-OTS, provided the ammunition and assisted in logistics and support. • US Army provided on site support at the test The Demonstration Test took several months of planning. As cooperation and enthusiasm grew we decided to invite other 120 user nations to witness the test. 12 Countries were able to attend the test. 9 Demonstration Test Firing in Oksboel, Denmark An advanced weapon and space systems company Test fired 4 types of US ammunition across temperatures in the • Danish Leopard 2/A5 with L44 weapon system • Dutch Leopard 2/A6 with L55 weapon system (longer gun) M1002 KEWA2™ M830A1 M1028 TPMP-T APFSDS-T HEAT-MP-T Canister 10 M1002 MPTP-T Training Round NSN 1315-01-509-3555 An advanced weapon and space systems company Test Fired 20 rounds to verify fire control across temperatures: • 6 from each tank at temperature -32C, +21C, +50C tracking projectile to tank fire control • 4 from each tank using the existing Leopard 2 tank Ballistic setting, A2 of fire control system, at +21C for zeroing on a target at 1,000m measured for precision • Results (H X V mils) L44 = 0.14 X 0.22 , L55 = 0.20 x 0.03 Results showed ammunition works well in Leopard 2 Tank System 2 rounds went through the same hole 1 meter / square L44 Gun L55 Gun 11 M1002 Training Round Velocity Data An advanced weapon and space systems company Velocity versus temperature in L44 and L55 Weapon. TPMP M1002 1460 y = 0,8398x + 1398 1440 2 R = 0,9911 1420 1400 DK (L44) Vo [m/s] NL (L55) 1380 Linear (NL) 1360 Linear (DK) 1340 y = 0,8975x + 1350,1 R 2 = 0,9956 1320 1300 -40-200 204060 Temp [°C] 12 KEWA2™ APFSDS-T NSN 1395-01-524-9642 An advanced weapon and space systems company • 14 rounds fired across temperatures • 7 rounds in each tank across temperatures at 1700 meters – 2 at -32C, 3 at +21C, 2 at +50C Changed aim point after round #4 L44 Gun L55 Gun Used existing Leopard 2 tank Ballistic setting A2 of fire control system 13 KEWA2™ Velocity Data An advanced weapon and space systems company Velocity versus temperature in L44 and L55 Weapon. KEWA2 1900 y = 1,9322x + 1724,4 1850 2 R = 0,9785 1800 DK (L44) Vo [m/s] 1750 NL (L55) Linear (NL) 1700 Linear (DK) y = 2,2929x + 1646 1650 2 R = 0,9761 1600 1550 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 Temp [°C] 14 KEWA2™ Fire for Effect on Target An advanced weapon and space systems company • 2 rounds fired from Danish Leopard 2/A5 Tank at +21C for effect on target • Target is Leopard 1A5 Main Battle Tank at ~1,000 meters Accurate and effective 1st shot through turret 2nd shot through front armor 15 KEWA2™ Effect on Target An advanced weapon and space systems company Front of vehicle Entrance holes Rear of vehicle Exit holes 16 KEWA2™ Firing on Tank Target, Gunner Sight An advanced weapon and space systems company 17 M830A1 HEAT-MP-T NSN 1315-01-333-0534 An advanced weapon and space systems company • Fired to verify fire solution across temperatures • 7 rounds from each tank across temperatures at 1700 meters – 2 at -32C, 3 at +21C, 2 at +50C M830A1 L44 Gun L55 Gun MPAT Use existing Leopard 2 tank Ballistic setting A2 of fire control system 18 M830A1 Velocity Data An advanced weapon and space systems company Velocity versus temperature in L44 and L55 Weapon. HEAT MP-T M830 A1 1520 1500 y = 1,0174x + 1433,9 2 1480 R = 0,9821 1460 DK (L44) Vo [m/s] 1440 NL (L55) 1420 Linear (NL) Linear (DK) 1400 y = 0,986x + 1386,8 1380 2 R = 0,9621 1360 1340 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 Temp [°C] 19 M830A1 Multi-Purpose High Explosive Air Burst An advanced weapon and space systems company • Fired for airburst effect on target ¾Target is Simulated Helicopter at ~1,000 meters Before After 20 M830A1 Fired on Simulated Air Target An advanced weapon and space systems company 21 M830A1 Multi-Purpose Ground Mode An advanced weapon and space systems company • Fired for effect on ground target ¾Target is Main Battle Tank at ~1,000 meters Impact point on tank 22 M1028 Canister NSN 1315-01-516-5248 An advanced weapon and space systems company • Test Fired to establish aim point and check firing across temperatures • 3 from Danish Leopard 2/A5 Tank • 1 from Dutch Leopard 2/A6 Tank Combined fire for effect and analysis on targets •1st Target is razor wire entanglement •2nd Target is wood plates to demonstrate dispersion of tungsten balls •3rd Target is a civilian vehicle at ~100 meters 23 M1028 Canister Dispersion of Balls on Plywood An advanced weapon and space systems company Direction of fire 24 M1028 Canister Fired on Vehicle An advanced weapon and space systems company 25 M1028 Canister on Simulated Suicide Vehicle An advanced weapon and space systems company 26 Results Conclusions An advanced weapon and space systems company • Ammunition is interoperable and safe to fire in Leopard 2 Tanks (L44 / L55) • Demonstration showed interoperable use of these products. • Demonstration in cooperation and partnering to meet common objectives 27 Final Comments An advanced weapon and space systems company • Thanks to Danish, Dutch, and US Army for supporting this Test • Members from 12 countries attended • Demonstration in cooperation and partnering to meet common objectives 28.
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