HOLDFAST.SA.GOV.AU P 8229 9999 a Warning That Some of the Content Within This Exhibition May Be Considered Confrontational
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HOLDFAST.SA.GOV.AU P 8229 9999 A warning that some of the content within this exhibition may be considered confrontational. The language used reflects the values and norms of times gone by and is reflective of quotes and documents written many years ago. Spellings of Aboriginal words vary based on original extracts. This exhibition contains references to, or images of, Aboriginal people who have died. This exhibition has been written in collaboration between the Kaurna Nation and the City of Holdfast Bay. Tiati Wangkanthi Kumangka can be viewed in person at the Bay Discovery Centre Museum, Glenelg. Watch our social media channels to stay updated on opening times: holdfast.sa.gov.au/BDC /Bay Discovery Centre “At the white man’s school, what are the children taught? Are they told of the battles our people fought? Are they told of how our people died? Are they told why our people cried? Australia’s true history is never read, But the blackman keeps it in his head”. Anonymous Bunji 1971 TIATI (TRUTH) The quality or state of being true. That which is true or in accordance with fact or reality. “Once you start that journey with accepting each other’s truths, accepting the truths of the past, then you start that journey of talking together, walking together”. Kaurna Elder Jeffrey Newchurch, 2019 History shows that we must understand the truths of the past to avoid repeating the wrongs of the past. In 1836 in South Australia, land was appropriated by the British without treaty or compensation. This was despite clear instruction from the British Monarch that the Aboriginal population were to be recognised under the rule of law. Aboriginal Australians have long called for an inclusive process of truth-telling about this history. Tiati Wangkanthi Kumangka explores these truths. Truths that must be shared to be understood. FIRST AUSTRALIANS The history of occupation in Australia is one of the greatest stories of early human achievement. The earliest travellers drift navigated across large stretches of water as they left Asia for the Australian continent. At least 65,000 years ago, Aboriginal ancestors first occupied parts of northern Australia before spreading out across the continent. The Aboriginal population of South Australia was around 15,000 when European explorers first arrived. Two-thirds of these people lived in the fertile south-eastern part of the state. Forty-eight native territories existed, each with a distinct language and lands. Each population was linked to its neighbours by intermarriage, ceremony and trade. KAURNA COUNTRY The Kaurna people of the Adelaide Plains are people rich in culture and spiritual links to nature and the land. Corroborees, ceremonies, music and story-telling form a way of life. Traditionally, the Kaurna lived across the Adelaide Plains and hills in family groups called ‘yerta’ that shared common spiritual and defence concerns, economic patterns and language traits. MUNAINTYA (DREAMING) The Australian continent is covered in an intricate web of ‘dreaming’. ‘Dreaming’ is an English word used to describe narrative journeys telling of Munaintyerlo (ancestral) Birko Mangkolangkola (beings) that travelled within the formative world in both meyu (human) and meyutti (non-human) forms. They informed and shaped the landscape, creating people and providing laws of social behaviour and spiritual connection. Munaintya is an indefinite concept, linking the past to the future and defining the present. The Emu in the Sky, Wardlipari (Milky Way). A complex and multi-layered story that tells of creation, lore and human relationships. TERRA NULLIUS (Latin, meaning land belonging to no one) The premise of British colonisation was terra nullius, a term that in international law describes territory belonging to no one. TIATI: Terra nullius was a claim that denied the existence of Aboriginal Australians as human beings. At the time of colonisation, Australia was not terra nullius. Australia has been inhabited by Aboriginal Australians for 65,000 years. KAURAREG ± GAARI (Extinct) 1. WOGAIT DJAGARAGA TUNUVIVI JAAKO 2. DJERAIT WURANGO IWAIDJA 1. GADJALIVIA (TIWI) ANKAMUTI 3. AMIJANGAL DJALAKURU 2. GUNGOROGONE JATHAIKANA 4. PONGAPONGA OITBI U G A N N I J R JA 5. NGOLOKWANGGA A A A NANGO NGGAMADI N L ID R MAUNG A K D O B V A 6. JUNGGOR R N A R I MUTJATI W G AMARAK M A N A G A N A E R U B G IL G U GA 7. MENTHAJANGAL E D N N DJANGU TI OTATI G A M N O W A LO N T T IL G K IN IN G 8. MARITHIEL E JI O J TJONGK A DJERIMANGA G ANDJI P K T R G D IT U H N M I D O 9. MARINUNGGO U I - U B DUWALA DANGU R BERI- U A NJ I R DANGBON JUPANGATI UW 10. MADNGELA B AT LARAKIA GURUK H PAKADJI KAKADU IN A 11. MARIJEDI J WIK - small tribes I II I DJOWEI D IVIII JI JA DUWAL V N 12. MARIAMO T W I 1. WIKAPATJA VI VIII TOTJ E WINDUWINDA VII U 2 N DIAKUI PONTUNJ 13. MARIDAN U 2. WIKATINDA IX M AWARAI P WATTA 1 KU MBEWUM 14. MARIDJABIN NG REMBARUNGA 3. WIKEPA X ARA DAII 15. MAGATIGE 3 4 KAN KAWADJI AWINMUL DALABON INGURA 4. WIK- KALKAN XI 16. MARINGAR 7 5 1 10 8 M 5. WIKNATANJA 6 A 2 XII 17. KAMOR 10 UL NUNGGUBUJU 11 W W W 6. WIKNANTJARA N KANDJU OMBILA 9 T L DJAUAN A 17 A A U NGANDI N 3 A 18. MARIMANINDJI 12 G W D K 18 G O A 7. WIKIANJI 14 13 - O M R 4 N 15 I A 9 U E G O M A N 8. MIMUNGKUM BARUNGGUAN G G A N NGALAKAN G M R N N 5 K 16 A O N I U N R 9. WIKMEAN WALMBARIA MURINBATA O W B WIRNGIR K LI 8 A GA R LN 10. WIKAMPAMA M MIWA U JI 6 G NANGGUMIRI A IN L R MANGARAI JUKUL 7 K U AIRIMAN M A M JET- U B AJABATHA T ITHU M ENERU U G KARAMAN MARA AJABAKAN M A DUULNGARI N A BAKAN- WUNAMBAL O DJAMINDJUNG TAIOR U N R L ALAWA I E U AMBIA E J R AD N W K A A KOK M ONJEKODI JEIDJI A D A R JIRJORONT OLKOLO KOKANGOL K KOKOWAR WILAWILA MARIU A WADERE O KOKOIMUDJI NDJA W WALU K 1. KOKOWALA JANGMAN O J 2. KOKOBIDIDJI MIRIWUNG NGEWIN KOKOPERA A WORORA ARNGA BILINGARA WILINGURA W BUJUNDJI MURAGAN LAIA 1 2 3. KOKO A 3 4. JUNGKURARA JAUDJIBAIA W JANJULA U UR NGALIWURU L 5. KOKOKULUNGG LARDIIL P NGARINJIN KWANTARI U O KOKOMINI R 6. IRUKANDJI J 4 N BINBINGA A KWARANDJI AN 7. TJAPUKAI DJAUI G NGARINMAN GG KOKOJELANDJI A M K L I U 8. BULUWA BAADA A UMEDE 5 R NGUNDJAN L A KAIADILT KUNGGARA U 9. IDINDJI N MALNGIN JR GO WAKARA KOTANDJI KARAWA I . KONGKANDJI TJIAL D 6 10 NJULNJUL JI OLA MUTPURA 7 11. NGATJAN KARELDI ARABA DJANKUN 8 DJABERADJABERA WARWA ONGKOMI JOKULA 10 12. MADJANDJI NIMANBURU KITJA 9 13. WANJURU KUTJAL BARBARAM 11 TJINGILI KUNINDIRI WALANGAMA 12 14. MAMU NGOMBAL KORINDJI KALI- D 13 PUNABA WAKAMAN JI K 15. GULNGAI R BAMU U U 14 K B 16. DJIRU N A A DJUGUN WANDJIRA L 15 BINGONGINA G MINGIN MARR- T KOKO- 16 O J WANJI A BUGULMARA PATUN WAMBAIA B AGO NJIKENA KONEJANDI O JAWURU KERAMAI R TAGALAG DJARU I N D I M BANDJIN A I W WARAMANGA K A U MAIKULAN R D MAIJABI EWAMIN A KARADJARI U N K WULGURUKABA WA N A A INDJILANDJI JANGAA M U W K A A A W G I B A I U R N U G N A G U MANGALA WALMADJARI WALPIRI MAITHAKARI NGAUN BINDAL WAKAJA MITJAMBA KUTJALA JURU NJANGAMARDA KUNDAL NGARDI NGARLA KAITITJA KOKATJA KALKADUNGA GIA NGARO JABURARA JAROINGA NANGATARA WANAMARA ILBA JIRANDALI NJANGAMARDA BIRIA KARIARA NGALUMA NJAMAL IPARUKA WALUWARA JANGGA MARDU- (PUNDJU) NJAMAL ILIAURA JALANGA WIRI JUIPERA DUNERA (WIDAGARI) JANDA KOA MIAN ILDAWONGGA NGALIA ANMATJERA ANDAKEREBINA A INDJIBANDI WANMAN GAW NGOLIBARDU RUN NGA JAMBINA NOALA BAILGU MANDJILDJARA RU PITAPITA BARADA KOINJMAL JADIRA BARNA WONGKADJERA GA PINTUBI RIN GA ARANDA RIN ININGAI KURAMA JUMU Northern J JINIGUDIRA E JULAOL T ARANDA ARANDA INJA WANGAN I MAIAWALI M TALANDJI RAKKAIA KABALBARA A PANDJIMA NIABALI Western Eastern KUNGKALENJA R A BINIGURA L KARTUDJARA JAGALINGU A DARAMBAL KEIADJARA WENAMBA MALINTJI MANDARA BURUNA TJURORO KUKATJA LANIMA KARANJA INAWONGGA POTIDJARA ARANDA KAIRI KANOLU TENMA Central WADJABANGAI WIRDINJA WONGKAMALA BAIALI DJIWALI KUUNGKARI BAIJUNGU TARGARI ARANDA NINANU MITAKA KANGULU WARIANGGA NGARLAWONGGA KARUWALI TULUA GOENG WADJA NGADADJARA PITJARA KARINGBAL MATUNTARA A MAIA T MALGARU JELJENDI L PITJANDJARA U R WARDAL ARANDA A BIDIA MADOITJA Lower Southern M KULUMALI KORENG- TARIBELANG MANDI NANA GORENG WADJALANG NGURI WULILI KARANGURU A KONGABULA NGULUNGBARA K KABI- INGGARDA WONGKANGURU R KUNGADUTJI JIMAN WADJARI O KABI W ANTAKIRINJA A A WAKA- TEDEI KARENDALA R R A DJAKUNDA WAKA BATJALA U G JA Abandoned Territory N NGAMENI A K JANGKUNDJARA (Ngura Wola) A KUNJA D A NGAIAWONGGA PINI R N I MANDJINDJA A A A B M NAKAKO G A A MARANGANJI MALGANA N R WONGKUMARA H MANDANDANJI BARUNGGAM A T N 1 DALLA - small tribes U UNDANBI P JA 1. DALLA R BARIMAIA O 5 2 3 2. DUNGIDAU NANDA W THEREILA KUNGGARI A I 3. NALBO R 4 TJALKADJARA JANDRUWANTA NGUGI 4. DUNGIBARA DIERI 5. GARUMGA ARABANA TIRARI BITJARA JAG KOARA NANGATADJARA KALALI ARA NUNUKUL GIABAL BADJIRI E NOKAAN BIGAMBUL MB KA KOENPAL KOAMU JU KOKATA KARENGGAPA KEINJAN NGALEA WADIKALI MOROWARI PILATAPA KALIBAL KITABAL PINDIINI KAMBUWAL MINJUNGBAL WIDI NGURLU WALJEN PARUNDJI WIDJABAL UALARAI WERAERAI ARAKWAL KUJANI I BARANBINJA KWIAM- L P M KULA L A A B IL A BAL B A A M BADJALANG L R A W A K MURUNITJA JA G AMANGU N JU MADUWONGGA N WANJIWALKU KALAMAIA NGURUNTA G JIEGERA TJERARIDJAL A NGEMBA P BANBAI MIRNING A WEILWAN KUMBAINGGIRI NAUALKO KAMILAROI ANAIWAN WIRANGU JADLIAURA JUAT MILPULO DAINGGATI KAWAMBARAI NGAKU PANGKALA WILJAKALI BALARDONG NGADJUNMAIA I J WONGAIBON D BIRPAI NGAMBA KALAAKO NGADJURI IN GEAWEGAL WHADJUK NUKUNU K R NJAKINJAKI A B BARINDJI DANGGALI WONNARUA Eastern limit of WORIMI Western limit of subincision rite NAUO subincision rite Disputed Territory DARKINJANG G PINDJARUP T MARAURA N I WIILMAN A NJUNGA NARANGGA A G N AWABAKAL W JITAJITA W U A A R K I I WUDJARI U DARUK A G W R N MUTHI KAURNA G A NGINTAIT E KORENG N R IN E MUTHI Western limit K JI EORA G WIRADJURI N A LATJI - of circumcision rite 1 TATI- WARDANDI KANEANG M I NARINARI A LATJI TATI GANDANGARA Eastern Lim R R it of E 2 THARAWAL P JA Circumcision Rite I WATI WATI A 4 R B 3 A M A 5 K E P JA W A WODIWODI MINANG NGARKAT R A R 6 A B PIBELMEN KARTAN M PA NGUNAWAL W E A JEITHI T W R WANDANDIAN CULTURE A A A N B G K JUPAGALK A WOTJOB R N ALUK A E JOTIJOTA Archaeological (pre 5000 BP) only K W A L WALGALU D 1.