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Gender and Development TRAINING KIT GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT Comité québécois Femmes et développement (CQFD) of Association québécoise des organismes de coopération internationale (AQOCI) 1 This training kit was put together by the Comité québécois women et développement (Quebec committee on women and development, or CQFD) of the Association québécoise des organismes de coopération internationale (Quebec association of international cooperation organizations, or AQOCI), as part of a project funded by the Agence intergouvernementale de la Francophonie (intergovernmental agency for French-speaking countries) through the Women and Development program. The kit was designed for use in training trainers, both women and men, in the Gender and Development approach. It was used at the CQFD/AQOCI training session held on November 26 and 27, 2003, and was later revised to reflect the changes suggested by participants. - Researcher/co-writer: Charlotte Thibault, consultant - Supervisor/co-writer: Yolande Geadah, AQOCI - Reading committee: Elena Alvarado, SUCO Diane Bachand, CECI Louise Bourque, Canadian Crossroads International Dominique Choquette, Paul Gérin Lajoie Foundation Gisèle-Éva Côté, CUSO-Québec Carmen Dupont, International endeavours of Cardinal Léger Sandra Friedrich, Terre Sans Frontières Yolande Geadah, AQOCI Hélène Gobeil, Development and Peace Suzanne Guay, SUCO Nidal Hannoun, CQFD intern Gladys Melo Pinzon, individual member - English translator: Kathe Lieber - Layout artist: Marie-Ève Rioux-Pelletier Our thanks to the Agence intergouvernementale de la Francophonie for its financial support. The contents of this training kit were adapted from ”Un autre genre de développement,” a document produced by the Canadian Council for International Co-operation (CCIC), MATCH, AQOCI, in August 1991. We would also like to thank all the organizations that generously agreed to loan documents and granted permission to include excerpts, in particular Development and Peace, the CECI, Inter Pares, Oxfam UK and Ireland, the Center for Development and Population Activities (CEDPA), and the Conseil régional de développement de la Montérégie (CRDM). March 2004 TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD ..........................................................................................................................4 INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................................6 I- RATIONALE FORTHE GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT APPROACH .....7 1.1 Gender as a social concept...................................................................................7 1.2 Gender inequality.....................................................................................................7 1.3 What is the gender and development approach? ......................................8 1.4 Statistics ....................................................................................................................10 II- HISTORICAL OVERVIEW ....................................................................................17 2.1 Changing approaches to development ..........................................................17 2.2 Different approaches regarding women........................................................20 2.3 The limitations of development ........................................................................23 Table 1 - Evolution of various approaches to development..........................25 Table 2 - Differences between mainstreaming and GAD approaches.......27 Table 3 - Feminist definition of development .....................................................28 III- CONCEPTS AND THEORY ..................................................................................29 3.1 Conceptual tools .....................................................................................................29 Table 4 - The Harvard Analytical Framework......................................................37 3.2 Glossary .....................................................................................................................39 Table 5 - Participation levels .....................................................................................44 IV- GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT TRAINING.................................................45 4.1 How to proceed .......................................................................................................45 4.2 Exercises....................................................................................................................48 4.3 Strategies for integrating the gender and development approach in institutions .................................................................................................................112 BIBLIOGRAPHY ..................................................................... Erreur ! Signet non défini. 3 FOREWORD Formed in 1984, the Comité québécois women et développement (Quebec committee on women and development, or CQFD) of the Association québécoise des organismes de coopération internationale (Quebec association of international cooperation organizations, or AQOCI), has been a pioneer in promoting a feminist vision of development based on gender and development analysis, known as GAD. In 1991, the CQFD, jointly with the Canadian Council for International Co-operation (CCIC) and the MATCH International Centre, produced a handbook for GAD analysis and training sessions were given to groups that belong to the AQOCI. Over the years, other training tools have been put together by various groups. In 2002, the CQFD decided to revise its own training tools on gender and development and relaunch the GAD approach within the international cooperation and solidarity groups that belong to the AQOCI. This project was made possible by the financial support of the Agence intergouvernementale de la Francophonie. Methodology A consultant was hired in January 2003 to draw up an inventory of existing training tools on GAD analysis in international cooperation organizations in Quebec, at CIDA, and in other French-speaking countries. Her next task was to analyze the training tools and identify gaps and problems encountered by members of the CQFD and AQOCI in the light of their experience on the ground. The third stage involved organizing study days on “analyse différenciée selon les sexes” (gender-differentiated analysis, known by the French initials ADS - a term used by the Quebec government, for which there is no single English equivalent), Gender-Based Analysis (GBA), and Gender and Development (GAD), jointly with Relais-femmes and the Alliance de recherche IREF/Relais femme. The sessions were held at the Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM) on May 7 and 8, 2003. Finally, bearing in mind the reflection process that emerged from the study sessions, the analysis of training tools, and the gaps identified by AQOCI members, the best available tools were selected for use with trainers in international cooperation and solidarity organizations. Rather than holding highly structured training sessions, CQFD members preferred to gather suggestions, along with a selection of exercises to be used for various audiences (volunteers, cooperants, project officers, etc.). Contents This training kit is divided into four main sections: • An introduction to the concept of gender and its use in development work, including some statistics that illustrate disparities between the two genders and between different countries; • A historical overview of the evolution of development approaches and various approaches that involve women, as well as an analysis of the limitations of development; • A presentation of conceptual tools for GAD analysis, and a glossary of terms used in this field; • The training session per se, which includes three levels of exercises: a) exercises that help participants to become familiar with GAD concepts; b) exercises on applying GAD concepts to projects/programs ; and c) exercises on integrating the GAD approach in international cooperation organizations (ICOs). This also includes three documents on successful GAD integration strategies for institutions; • A selected bibliography with useful references, notably Web sites on GAD, as well as titles of films and videos that can be used for training and introducing GAD concepts. This training kit is designed as an open-ended tool so that trainers can add new exercises as needed and based on their own experience. It is truly a work in progress, which can only improve over time as users add more documents to the kit. An initial training session, designed to give participants the tools they need and validate the tools in this kit, was held in Montreal on November 26 and 27, 2003. More than 20 trainers from international cooperation and solidarity organizations helped to validate the training kit. The preliminary version was then revised to reflect suggestions made by participants, resulting in this final version. Interested groups may also download a PDF version of the document from the AQOCI Web site. Click on CQFD at http://www.aqoci.qc.ca/cqfd/index.html . Gender and Development Training Kit — CQFD 2004 5 INTRODUCTION In the wake of the United Nations Decade for Women (1975-1985) and the many international conferences held since then, the economic, social, and cultural roles women play in every society have become very difficult to ignore. However, despite the many forums and special programs designed to integrate women, we are forced to acknowledge that the needs, interests, and constraints of women
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