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The National Intelligence Strategy of the of America

IC Vision A Nation made more secure by a fully integrated, agile, resilient, and innovative Intelligence Community that exemplifies America’s values.

IC Mission Provide timely, insightful, objective, and relevant intelligence and support to inform national decisions and to protect our Nation and its interests.

This National Intelligence Strategy (NIS) provides the Intelligence Community (IC) with strategic direction from the Director of National Intelligence (DNI) for the next four years. It supports the priorities outlined in the National Security Strategy as well as other national strategies. In executing the NIS, all IC activities must be responsive to national security priorities and must comply with the Constitution, applicable laws and statutes, and Congressional oversight requirements.

All our activities will be conducted consistent with our guiding principles: We advance our national security, economic strength, and technological superiority by delivering distinctive, timely insights with clarity, objectivity, and independence; we achieve unparalleled access to protected information and exquisite understanding of our adversaries’ intentions and capabilities; we maintain global awareness for strategic warning; and we leverage what others do well, adding unique value for the Nation.

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From the Director of National Intelligence

As the Director of National Intelligence, I am fortunate to lead an Intelligence Community (IC) composed of the best and brightest professionals who have committed their careers and their lives to protecting our national security. The IC is a 24/7/365 organization, scanning the globe and delivering the most distinctive, timely insights with clarity, objectivity, and independence to advance our national security, economic strength, and technological superiority.

This, the fourth iteration of the National Intelligence Strategy (NIS), is our guide for the next four years to better serve the needs of our customers, to help them make informed decisions on national security issues, and to ultimately keep our Nation safe. The NIS is designed to advance our mission and align our objectives with national strategies, and it provides an opportunity to communicate national priority objectives to our workforce, partners, oversight, customers, and also to our fellow citizens.

We face significant changes in the domestic and global environment; we must be ready to meet 21st century challenges and to recognize emerging threats and opportunities. To navigate today’s turbulent and complex strategic environment, we must do things differently. This means we must:

• Increase integration and coordination of our intelligence activities to achieve best effect and value in executing our mission, • Bolster innovation to constantly improve our work, • Better leverage strong, unique, and valuable partnerships to support and enable national security outcomes, and • Increase transparency while protecting national security information to enhance accountability and public trust.

This National Intelligence Strategy increases emphasis in these areas. It better integrates and security, better focuses the IC on addressing cyber threats, and sets clear direction on , and transparency.

We have crucial work before us. Our customers depend on us to help them to make wise national security decisions, and Americans count on us to help protect the Nation, all while protecting their privacy and civil liberties. We must provide the best intelligence possible to support these objectives; doing so is a collective responsibility of all of our dedicated IC professionals and, together with our partners, we can realize our vision.

Our ongoing goal is to continue to be the very best intelligence community in the world. Thank you for your service and for bringing your talent and commitment to the work of keeping our Nation safe each and every day. Thank you for your dedication to our mission and to the security of our fellow citizens as we take this journey together. 2019 NIS

Daniel R. Coats Director of National Intelligence

3 Strategic Environment

The strategic environment is changing rapidly, and the United States faces an increasingly complex and uncertain world in which threats are becoming ever more diverse and interconnected. While the IC remains focused on confronting a number of conventional challenges to U.S. national security posed by our adversaries, advances in technology are driving evolutionary and revolutionary change across multiple fronts. The IC will have to become more agile, innovative, and resilient to deal effectively with these threats and the ever more volatile world that shapes them. The increasingly complex, interconnected, and transnational nature of these threats also underscores the importance of continuing and advancing IC outreach and cooperation with international partners and allies.

Traditional adversaries will continue attempts In addition to these familiar threats, our adversaries to gain and assert influence, taking advantage are increasingly leveraging rapid advances in of changing conditions in the international technology to pose new and evolving threats— environment—including the weakening of the particularly in the realm of space, , post-WWII international order and dominance of computing, and other emerging, disruptive Western democratic ideals, increasingly isolationist technologies. Technological advances will enable tendencies in the West, and shifts in the global a wider range of actors to acquire sophisticated . These adversaries pose challenges within capabilities that were previously available only to traditional, non-traditional, hybrid, and asymmetric well-resourced states. , economic, and political spheres. Russian efforts to increase its influence and authority are No longer a solely U.S. domain, the democratization likely to continue and may conflict with U.S. goals of space poses significant challenges for the United and priorities in multiple regions. Chinese military States and the IC. Adversaries are increasing their modernization and continued pursuit of economic presence in this domain with plans to reach or and territorial predominance in the Pacific region and exceed parity in some areas. For example, beyond remain a concern, though opportunities exist and will continue to pursue a full range to work with Beijing on issues of mutual concern, of anti-satellite as a means to reduce such as North Korean aggression and continued U.S. military effectiveness and overall security. pursuit of nuclear and ballistic missile technology. Increasing commercialization of space now provides Despite its 2015 commitment to a peaceful nuclear capabilities that were once limited to global powers program, ’s pursuit of more advanced missile to anyone that can afford to buy them. Many aspects and military capabilities and continued support for of modern society—to include our ability to conduct terrorist groups, militants, and other U.S. opponents military operations—rely on our access to and will continue to threaten U.S. interests. Multiple equipment in space. adversaries continue to pursue capabilities to inflict potentially catastrophic damage to U.S. interests Cyber threats are already challenging public through the acquisition and use of weapons of confidence in our global , , and mass destruction (WMD), which includes biological, norms, while imposing numerous economic costs chemical, and nuclear weapons. domestically and globally. As the cyber capabilities of

4 our adversaries grow, they will pose increasing threats the potential for greater instability. Some violent to U.S. security, including critical , public extremist groups will continue to take advantage health and safety, economic prosperity, and stability. of these sources and drivers of instability to hold territory, further , plan external attacks, Emerging technologies, such as artificial and inspire followers to launch attacks wherever they intelligence, automation, and high performance are around the world. computing are advancing computational capabilities that can be economically beneficial, however these Increasing migration and urbanization of advances also enable new and improved military and populations are also further straining the capacities intelligence capabilities for our adversaries. Advances of around the world and are likely to in nano- and bio-technologies have the potential result in further fracturing of societies, potentially to cure diseases and modify human performance, creating breeding grounds for radicalization. Pressure but without common ethical standards and shared points include growing influxes of migrants, , interests to govern these developments, they have and internally displaced persons fleeing conflict the potential to pose significant threats to U.S. zones; areas of intense economic or other resource interests and security. In addition, the development scarcity; and areas threatened by climate changes, and spread of such technologies remain uneven, infectious disease outbreaks, or transnational increasing the potential to drastically widen the divide criminal organizations. between so-called “haves” and “have-nots.” All of these issues will continue to drive global Advances in communications and the change on an unprecedented scale and the IC must democratization of other technologies have also be able to warn of their strategic effects and adapt to generated an ability to create and share vast and meet the changing mission needs in this increasingly exponentially growing amounts of information farther unstable environment. There will likely be demand and faster than ever before. This abundance of for greater intelligence support to domestic security, data provides significant opportunities for the driven in part by concerns over the threat of , IC, including new avenues for collection and the the threat posed by transnational illicit drug and potential for greater insight, but it also challenges human trafficking networks, and the threat to U.S. the IC’s ability to collect, process, evaluate, and . Intelligence support to counter analyze such enormous volumes of data quickly these threats must be conducted in accordance with enough to provide relevant and useful insight to IC authorities, with appropriate levels of transparency its customers. to the public, and with adequate protection for civil liberties and privacy. These advances in communications and the democratization of other technologies have empowered non-state actors and will continue to exponentially expand the potential to influence people and events, both domestically and globally. 2019 NIS - STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENT

The ability of individuals and groups to have a larger impact than ever before—politically, militarily, economically, and ideologically—is undermining traditional institutions. This empowerment of groups and individuals is increasing the influence of ethnic, religious, and other sources of identity, changing the nature of conflict, and challenging the ability of traditional governments to satisfy the increasing demands of their populations, increasing

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2019 NIS - MISSION OBJECTIVES 7 means bearing on United States bearing on United States President, or that is determined President, gathered within or outside the national or . national or homeland security. National Intelligence and and National Intelligence National Security threats to the United States, its threats to the United States, proliferation, the development, the source from which derived to pertain to more than one Intelligence Related to to Intelligence Related information by the Director the Director information by or interests; property, people, agency; and that involves agency; and that involves other matter destruction; or any all intelligence, regardless of regardless all intelligence, and including information as determined consistent with the guidance issued by any for the purpose of access to or use of weapons of mass mass of or use of weapons United States United States Government United States, that pertains, that pertains, United States, (Executive Order 12333) Order (Executive

are supported the by collectively represent the collectively represent the topical mission objectives

Counterproliferation in the proliferation addresses state and non-state actors engaged of mass destruction and their means of delivery. of weapons Counterintelligence and Security entities and insiders. addresses threats from foreign intelligence Cyber Threat Intelligence in malicious cyber activities. addresses state and non-state actors engaged Counterterrorism in terrorism addresses state and non-state actors engaged and related activities. Anticipatory Intelligence changing conditions, and emerging trends, addresses new Current Intelligence Operations operations. supports planned and ongoing Strategic Intelligence interest. addresses issues of enduring national security and underappreciated developments.

The next four mission objectives address specific, topical missions The next four mission objectives address specific, of the IC. The broadest and most fundamental of the IC’s intelligence missions. intelligence missions. the IC’s broadest and most fundamental of foundational mission objectives The first three mission objectives address foundational missions or geographic topics, threats, of the IC which transcend individual militaryregions. This is different from foundational intelligence, which is intelligence on foreign military capabilities. As such, The seven mission objectives broadly describe the activities mission objectives The seven necessaryand outcomes IC to deliver timely, for the and support intelligence and relevant objective, insightful, range a broad Mission objectives address to its customers. facing the IC and their and functional topics of regional to the IC through the prioritization is communicated Priorities Framework. National Intelligence

three foundational mission objectives and may contain elements three foundational mission objectives and may such of these. Other specific regional and functional issues, are as conflict areas and transnational criminal organizations, the mission objectives. by implicitly covered 7 6 5 4

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Objectives Mission Strategic Intelligence

Identify and assess the capabilities, activities, and TO MEET1 THIS OBJECTIVE, intentions of states and non-state entities to develop a THE IC WILL: deep understanding of the strategic environment, warn of future developments on issues of enduring interest, and • Develop and maintain capabilities support U.S. national security policy and strategy decisions. to acquire and evaluate data to obtain a deep understanding of the global political, diplomatic, Strategic intelligence is the process and product of developing military, economic, security, and the context, knowledge, and understanding of the strategic informational environment. environment required to support U.S. national security policy and planning decisions. This work includes identifying and assessing • Build and maintain expertise and the capabilities, activities, and intentions of states and non-state knowledge of issues of enduring entities to identify risks to and opportunities for U.S. national strategic importance to the United States, and assess trends security interests. Strategic intelligence involves assimilating a and developments related to variety of information—including knowledge of political, diplomatic, these issues to identify changes economic, and security developments—to create a deep that would affect U.S. national understanding of issues of enduring importance to the United security interests and to identify States. Strategic intelligence also provides in-depth assessments of strategic risks and opportunities. trends and developments to recognize and warn of changes related • Provide in-depth assessments, to these issues that will affect the future strategic environment. context, and expertise about the strategic environment, including the capabilities, activities, and The foundation for strategic intelligence requires developing and intentions of key state and maintaining a deep understanding of the strategic environment, to non-state entities, to inform U.S. include transnational issues such as terrorism and transnational national security policy and organized , and the capabilities, activities, and intentions strategy development. of states and non-state entities necessary to support U.S. national security policy and planning decisions. The IC must master strategic intelligence issues through research, knowledge development, collaboration with experts within the IC, and outreach to experts in academia and industry, as well as the use of advanced analytics and to provide in-depth assessments and the strategic context for a wide variety of policy and strategy communities.

8 2019 NIS - MISSION OBJECTIVES 9 2 Develop quantitative methods quantitative Develop and data techniques and ability the IC’s tradecraft to improve and forecast analyze, to identify, changing conditions and emerging trends across multiple portfolios. Increase common understanding tradecraft, definition, of the scope, and methods of anticipatory intelligence across the community proficiency in workforce to develop these skills. Identify and work the to remove human technological, cultural, and other barriers to capital, incorporate anticipatory intelligence routine analytic efforts. into the IC’s intelligence Produce and provide and products that information highlight emerging trends, and changing conditions, opportunities or threats in areas to of limited customer focus maximize decision advantage. integrated capabilitiesDevelop to create alerts within the IC to warning timely and relevant provide as to as well to our customers, apprise them of opportunities. TO MEET THIS OBJECTIVE, THIS OBJECTIVE, MEET TO THE IC WILL: • • • • •

involves collecting and analyzing collecting and involves

mitigate threats and exploit opportunities. The IC will expand its perspectives especially those that encourage new and methods, national security. requirements, anticipatory intelligence is critical for efficient IC requirements, its ability to foresee, resource allocation. The IC will improve the world test the IC’s ability to deliver insightful and actionable the world test the IC’s challenge long-standing assumptions. With evolving intelligence challenge long-standing assumptions. With evolving cascading events or activities to reinforce, amplify, or accelerate amplify, or activities to reinforce, cascading events groups or regions unconnected previously uncover conflict. It may intelligence with optimal fidelity, scope, and speed required to scope, intelligence with optimal fidelity, intelligence gaps, and uncertainties the probability evaluating by intelligence gaps, identify new opportunitiesidentify new of threats to U.S. interests. and warn information to identify new, emerging trends, changing conditions, changing conditions, emerging trends, information to identify new, provide the best possible opportunitiesprovide for action to our national forecast, and alert regarding potential issues of concernforecast, and and include indicators or benchmarks to identify key developments developments and include indicators or benchmarks to identify key time. Anticipatory over change trends as risk, assesses intelligence approach, and often utilizes specialized tradecraft to identify approach, and undervalued developments, which challenge long-standing and undervalued developments, as as well perspectives, assumptions and encourage new use of quantitative analytic methods while reinforcing qualitative uncertainty, and consider alternative futures. uncertainty, emerging issues), forecasting (developing potential scenarios), scenarios), potential forecasting (developing emerging issues), emerging issues from “weak signals,” cope with high degrees of signals,” emerging issues from “weak of occurrence on U.S. and potential effects of a given development or warning. Anticipatory intelligence explores the potential for security customers. Identify and assess new, emerging trends, changing changing emerging trends, new, Identify and assess to developments and underappreciated conditions, new encourage long-standing assumptions, challenge and provide opportunities, identify new perspectives, interests. to U.S. of threats warning Anticipatory intelligence Anticipatory intelligence looks to the future as foresight (identifying Anticipatory a cross-disciplinary intelligence usually leverages The complexity, scale, and pace of changes developing around and pace of changes developing scale, The complexity,

Intelligence Intelligence Anticipatory Current Operations Intelligence

Provide timely intelligence support to enable planned and TO MEET3 THIS OBJECTIVE, ongoing operations. THE IC WILL:

Current operations intelligence is the collection, analysis, • Provide timely intelligence operations, and planning support that IC elements conduct to support to enable planned enable successful planned and ongoing operations. Current and ongoing operations. operations intelligence includes the intelligence necessary to support the time-sensitive needs of military, diplomatic, • Develop and maintain a robust, homeland security, and policy customers in times of conflict or IC-wide intelligence architecture crisis, but also provides opportunities to shape future operations that delivers actionable, timely, and agile intelligence support to and desired operational outcomes. achieve and maintain operational decision advantage.

The IC will adapt to evolving operational requirements, maintain • Expand and enhance collaboration the robust support customers expect, and further enhance with domestic and global partners capabilities. Faced with a wide spectrum of operations in support to maximize the effectiveness and of military, diplomatic, and homeland security activities, to include reach of intelligence capabilities in addressing transnational , the IC will prioritize its support of operations. efforts and mitigate risk, operate in denied areas, balance forward • Conduct sensitive intelligence presence with robust reach-back, and provide operational resiliency operations to support effective to more fully integrate intelligence with operations. national security action.

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4 Increase our awareness and Increase our awareness understanding of adversaries’ use of cyber operations—including intentions, leadership plans, and operations—to capabilities, decisions and enable action. inform Expand tailored production and appropriate dissemination and release of actionable cyber threat intelligence to support the defense networksof vital information and critical infrastructure. Expand our ability to enable military, information, diplomatic, intelligence, financial, economic, plans enforcement and law and operations to deter and counter malicious cyber actors and activities. TO MEET THIS OBJECTIVE, THIS OBJECTIVE, MEET TO THE IC WILL: • • •

is the collection, processing, processing, is the collection,

Despite growing awareness of cyber threats and improving cyber of cyber threats and improving Despite growing awareness and communication networks, nearlyinformation, all defenses, systems will be at risk for years to come. Our adversaries are becoming more adept at using cyberspace to threaten capabilities strategic and economic our interests and advance their own increasing risk to public objectives. Cyber threats will pose an and prosperity as information technologies are safety, health, and vital national networks, integrated into critical infrastructure, The IC must continue to grow its intelligence consumer devices. threats as a part cyber capabilities to meet these evolving of a comprehensive cyber posture positioning the Nation for strategic and tactical response. Cyber threat intelligence Detect and understand cyber threats from state and Detect and understand state and from cyber threats activity to in malicious cyber non-state actors engaged national security decisionmaking, inform and enable activities. response of full range and the cybersecurity, analysis, and dissemination of information all sources from analysis, intentions, of intelligence on foreign actors’ cyber programs, targets, tactics, research and development, capabilities, impact or potential and their operational activities and indicators, Cyber threat intelligence effects on U.S. national security interests. also includes information on cyber threat actor information or and data; and network characterization, infrastructure, systems, and vulnerabilities of use, structures, insight into the components, foreign cyber program information systems.

Cyber Threat Threat Cyber Intelligence Intelligence Counterterrorism

Identify, understand, monitor, and disrupt state and TO MEET5 THIS OBJECTIVE, non-state actors engaged in terrorism and related THE IC WILL: activities to defeat threats to the United States, our people, interests, and partners. • Collect and analyze intelligence to The dynamic nature of the terrorist threat facing the United enable the disruption of terrorist States requires continued emphasis on intelligence collection attacks and attack planning, as and analysis. The IC is therefore an integral part of the national well as terrorism-related activities. whole-of-government effort to protect our country from terrorist • Identify and warn of emerging attacks. The IC works across agencies and with domestic and and changing threats, trends, foreign partners to disrupt, dismantle, and defeat terrorists and violent extremist ideologies who threaten our homeland, our people, our interests, and our to develop opportunities to partners overseas. counter them. • Broaden and deepen strategic The IC identifies and helps to eliminate terrorist safe havens and knowledge of the global terrorism degrade the illicit financial networks that fund terrorist activities. landscape to provide context The IC supports broader U.S. Government efforts to counter to customers. the spread of violent extremist ideology that drives terrorist actions and to leverage domestic and foreign partnerships and capabilities to strengthen our own capacity and resilience. The enduring and evolving nature of the threat, to include the threat of WMD terrorism, means that the IC must continue to pursue innovative approaches to collection and analysis to ensure counterterrorism (CT) efforts remain effective, efficient, and fully integrated.

12 2019 NIS - MISSION OBJECTIVES 13 6 Strengthen U.S. Government Strengthen U.S. Government efforts to secure global WMD disrupt adversaries’ stockpiles, the transfer and prevent programs, related technologies, of WMD, or expertise. materials, Bolster U.S. ability to anticipate and manage WMD crises, including potential disclosure, or use of WMD-related theft, loss, materials or weapons. and enhance maintain, Develop, intelligence capabilities to advance WMD understanding of foreign related technologies, programs, or expertise to materials, interagency inform effectively strategic counterproliferation planning and operations. TO MEET THIS OBJECTIVE, THIS OBJECTIVE, MEET TO THE IC WILL: • • • discourages interest in WMD, denies or denies or discourages interest in WMD, is the development and spread of WMD, related related and spread of WMD, is the development

technologies, materials, or expertise, and their means of delivery, and their means of delivery, or expertise, materials, technologies, and transfers. including both indigenous development disrupts acquisition, degrades programs and capabilities, deters degrades programs and capabilities, disrupts acquisition, and mitigates consequences. use, Many adversaries continue to pursue Many capabilities to inflict catastrophic damage to U.S. interests through the acquisition Their possession of these capabilities can and use of WMD. overseas interests, major impacts on U.S. national security, have The intelligence challenges to and the global order. allies, countering the proliferation of WMD and advanced conventional are increasing as actors become more sophisticated, weapons proliferation WMD-related information becomes broadly available, and as political instability erodes the mechanisms increase, security of WMD stockpiles. The IC must continue to implement a whole-of-government a whole-of-government The IC must continue to implement U.S. counterproliferationapproach to advancing the enduring or denying in WMD, policy goals of discouraging interest degrading programs and capabilities, disrupting acquisition, including financial networks that fund proliferation activities, and mitigating consequences. This issue is deterring use, increasingly important and dynamics evolve as regional security advantage of rapidly and proliferators take terrorists, as states, emerging technological advances. Counterproliferation Proliferation

Detect, characterize, and disrupt activities of state and activities of state and and disrupt characterize, Detect, of weapons in the proliferation non-state actors engaged of delivery (WMD) and their means of mass destruction our people, to the United States, WMD threats to defeat partners. and interests, Counterproliferation Counterintelligence and Security

Detect, understand, deter, disrupt, and defend against TO MEET7 THIS OBJECTIVE, threats from foreign intelligence entities and insiders THE IC WILL: to protect U.S. national and economic security.

• Drive integrated IC activities Foreign Intelligence Entity (FIE) is any known or suspected to anticipate and advance our foreign state or non-state organization or person that conducts understanding of evolving FIE threats and security vulnerabilities. intelligence activities to acquire U.S. information, block or impair U.S. intelligence collection, influence U.S. policy, or disrupt U.S. • Develop and implement new systems and programs. The term includes foreign intelligence and capabilities to detect, deter, security services and international terrorists. and disrupt FIE activities and insider threats. Insider Threat is the threat that an insider—any person with • Advance CI and security authorized access to any U.S. Government resource, to include efforts to protect our people, personnel, facilities, information, equipment, networks, or technologies, information, systems—will use his/her authorized access, wittingly or unwittingly, infrastructure, and facilities to do harm to the security of the United States. This threat can from FIEs and insider threats. include damage to the United States through , terrorism, • Strengthen the exchange of unauthorized disclosure of national security information, or through FIE threat and security the loss or degradation of departmental resources or capabilities. vulnerability information among key partners and stakeholders to promote coordinated approaches The United States faces an increasingly complex and diverse to mitigation. set of counterintelligence (CI) and security challenges. Rapid technological advances are allowing a broad range of FIEs to field increasingly sophisticated capabilities and aggressively target the government, private sector partners, and academia. FIEs are proactive and use creative approaches—including the use of cyber tools, malicious insiders, espionage, and supply chain exploitation —to advance their interests and gain advantage over the United States. These activities intensify traditional FIE threats, place U.S. critical infrastructure at risk, erode U.S. competitive advantage, and weaken our global influence. To mitigate these threats, the IC must drive innovative CI and security solutions, further integrate CI and security disciplines into IC business practices, and effectively resource such efforts. While the authorities that govern CI and security and the programs they drive are distinct, their respective actions must be synchronized, coordinated, and integrated.

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Enterprise Objectives

The seven enterprise objectives provide the foundation for integrated, effective, and efficient management of mission capabilities and business functions.

The first two enterprise objectives focus on general mission and business practices of the IC.

Integrated Mission Management 1 addresses IC mission capabilities, activities, and resources to achieve unity of effort. Integrated Business Management 2 addresses IC business functions and practices to enable mission success. The next five enterprise objectives focus on integration of IC efforts in specific areas for the successful completion of the mission objectives.

People 3 seeks to forge and retain a diverse, inclusive, and expert workforce. Innovation 4 addresses the improvement of mission and business processes through new technologies, innovative thought, and advancements in tradecraft.

Information Sharing and Safeguarding 5 improves collaboration and integration while protecting information. Partnerships

6 seeks to enhance intelligence through partnerships. 2019 NIS - ENTERPRISE OBJECTIVES Privacy, Civil Liberties, and Transparency 7 seeks to protect U.S. values and enhance public trust.

17 Integrated Mission Management

Prioritize, coordinate, align, and de-conflict IC mission TO MEET1 THIS OBJECTIVE, capabilities, activities, and resources to achieve unity THE IC WILL: of effort and the best effect in executing the IC’s mission objectives. • Provide leadership and Effective mission execution requires flexible, responsive, and community management to resilient efforts to appropriately share knowledge, information, and foster collaboration, streamline capabilities across organizational boundaries; mission-focused processes, and effectively manage resources to achieve centers have proven effective in achieving these ends. IC leaders IC mission objectives. will integrate, collaborate, and exchange feedback across priority areas to meet customer needs. • Conduct integrated planning, analysis, collection, production, The IC must strike a balance between unity of effort and and dissemination to synchronize specialization, using the best of each to meet mission objectives. intelligence activities. Integrated mission management drives collaboration, creates • Leverage IC capabilities and efficiencies, and minimizes redundancies, allowing the IC to multi-disciplinary expertise effectively use available resources. to collaboratively anticipate intelligence problems, implement solutions, and enable innovation.

• Strengthen and integrate IC governance bodies to increase transparency, prioritize and optimize resources, balance tradeoffs, and manage risk.

• Drive integrated investment decisions and the delivery of multi-disciplinary, integrated capabilities to assure mission success.

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2 Advance a dynamic approach approach Advance a dynamic and to continuous evaluation common security practices and standards to strengthen the security of the IC infrastructure. Pursue common strategies and acquisition best practices for and procurement across the IC to enhance the cost-effectiveness, and agility of acquiring efficiency, and procuring IC products and services. Implement IC-wide financial and tools, processes, standards, services fiscal efficiency, to achieve and security. accountability, Enhance strategy-based across the evaluation performance both government IC that leverages and industry best practices to IC business enable informed decisions and guide efficient application of resources. means to Explore innovative logistics, advance IC facilities, and energy environmental, programs to enable joint-use functionality; increase efficiency, and supportability; sustainability, total and achieve management. Manage risk to intelligence capabilities through IC-wide continuity efforts to foster resilience under all conditions. TO MEET THIS OBJECTIVE, THIS OBJECTIVE, MEET TO THE IC WILL: • • • • • • enable the community enable the community

Effectively managing business functions and practices across and practices across Effectively managing business functions and collaboration, the IC contributes to communication and enables resilience, supports the efficient use of resources, shared services, standards, strengthens integration. Common can increase efficiency, and best practices within IC authorities manage and and accountability; successfully effectiveness, business processes through data- mitigate risk; and improve and performance The IC will measurements. driven reviews practices and functions promote and identify best business collaboration to create a to optimize solutions and increase and partnerships innovation, culture of continuous learning, flexible, The IC must also develop across the community. risk-managed acquisition processes that deliver innovative and expertise at mission pace. data, capabilities, IC business functions and practices IC business functions Provide and optimize IC business functions and practices and practices functions and optimize IC business Provide success. to enable mission to perform its missions, activities, and operations. These These and operations. activities, to perform its missions, coordinated development, functions and practices include the and monitoring of strategies, execution, de-confliction, alignment, to manage and secure and procedures needed plans, policies, and physical information technology, the IC and its people, infrastructure.

Management Integrated Business Business Integrated People

Forge and retain a diverse, inclusive, and expert workforce TO MEET3 THIS OBJECTIVE, to address enduring and emerging requirements and THE IC WILL: enable mission success.

• Create an inclusive environment Diversity is a collection of individual attributes that together help IC empowering managers and elements pursue organizational objectives efficiently and effectively. employees at all levels to take These attributes include but are not limited to characteristics such responsibility and ownership for the as national origin, language, race, color, mental or physical disability, diversity of the organization. ethnicity, sex, age, religion, sexual orientation, gender identity or • Take measures to proactively expression, socioeconomic status, veteran status, and family prevent discrimination, structure. Inclusion is a culture that connects each employee to the harassment, and fear of reprisal, organization; encourages collaboration, flexibility, and fairness; and enabling the workforce to perform leverages diversity throughout the organization so that all individuals at its highest potential. are able to participate and contribute to their full potential. • Shape a diverse workforce with the skills and capabilities Linked together, diversity and inclusion drive innovation and enable needed to address enduring the IC to attract and retain the highly-skilled workforce needed to and emerging requirements. meet mission requirements. • Invest in mid-level managers and leaders to ensure they are The IC is united in protecting and preserving national security, an appropriately trained, supported, objective that can only be met with the right, trusted, agile, and and held accountable. well-led workforce. IC personnel, including all , military, and • Pursue common business functions contractors, must adhere to the Principles of Professional Ethics for and practices for human capital, the IC. Effective approaches are needed to recruit, retain, develop, diversity and inclusion, and equal and motivate employees who possess skills that are fundamental employment opportunity (EEO) to the intelligence mission, including critical thinking, foreign compliance programs to enable language, science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. The informed IC human resource responsibility to lead and integrate the IC workforce extends beyond investments and decisions. the IC’s human capital, equal employment opportunity, and diversity and inclusion community to span the entire enterprise. Similarly, all IC employees are accountable for cultivating a performance-driven culture that encourages collaboration, flexibility, and fairness.

The IC must have effective tools and resources that integrate workforce planning, transformational leadership, continuous learning, information sharing, performance management, and accountability. Additionally, the IC will make long-term strategic investments in the workforce to promote agility and mobility throughout employees’ careers, including joint duty rotations, and ensure that benefits, compensation, and work-life balance initiatives are fully considered and implemented wherever feasible.

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4 Conduct, leverage, protect, and protect, leverage, Conduct, operationalize groundbreaking research to create agile and revolutionary IC capabilities. Nurture an enterprise-wide atmosphere of innovation capable of rapidly and dynamically adapting to new challenges and opportunities. operational Explore novel applications of technology and other resources to advance tradecraft and achieve mission advantage. and adopt Continuously develop cutting-edge mission and business intelligence processes to improve capabilities and services. TO MEET THIS OBJECTIVE, THIS OBJECTIVE, MEET TO THE IC WILL: • • • •

Innovation—through technological advancements and improved technological advancements and improved Innovation—through that the IC can provide business practices—is critical to ensuring that policymakers the strategic and tactical decision advantage To continue meeting future challenges, require. and warfighters proactively by of innovation levels the IC must drive new and rapidly incorporatingdeveloping breakthrough and incremental and constructs. The IC must also foster ideas, technologies, and experimentation that address new, thinking unconventional especially those mission, of accomplishing the IC’s better ways and efficiency simplicity, approaches that emphasize acceleration, These approaches without sacrificing quality and outcomes. and speed through artificial knowledge, should increase insight, where applicable. and augmentation, automation, intelligence, IC leaders prepared to boldly accept must be this, achieve To fact and accept the results, calculated risks to attain high-value precede a successful outcome. that initial failures may

Find, create, and deploy scientific discoveries and new and new discoveries scientific deploy and create, Find, tradecraft, advance thought, nurture innovative technologies, processes to and business mission improve and constantly IC in a rapidly changing landscape. the advance Innovation Innovation Information Sharing and Safeguarding

Develop, enhance, integrate, and leverage IC capabilities and TO MEET5 THIS OBJECTIVE, activities to improve collaboration and the lawful discovery, THE IC WILL: access, retrieval, and safeguarding of information.

• Identify, validate, prioritize, and The IC Information Environment (IE) includes the individuals, address capability and policy organizations, and information technology (IT) capabilities that requirements for the IC IE to collect, process, or share Sensitive Compartmented Information, enhance intelligence integration or that, regardless of classification, are managed by the IC. and operate as a secure, effective, and efficient IC enterprise.

• Increase the speed, portability, and Mission success depends on the right people getting the right trust of IC information system risk information at the right time to inform decisionmaking. To do assessments to instill stakeholder this, the IC will take a cutting-edge approach to appropriately confidence in the IC IE, and access information, regardless of where the information accelerate delivery of mission resides. Information that is better organized into appropriate capability to users. data formats and tagged with metadata to increase its quality • Enhance foundational IC IT and usability will aid the transition to information-centered capabilities and infrastructure to intelligence processes. An integrated IC IE will enable the IC increase mission effectiveness and to protect against external and insider threats, maintain the reduce duplication. public trust, protect privacy and civil liberties, and carry out its mission. To do this, the IC must continue to adopt modern • Develop and implement innovative data management practices to make IC data discoverable, means to manage, share, and protect intelligence information in accessible, and usable through secure, modernized systems accordance with law and policy. and standards. • Leverage advanced analytics with modern data extraction, correlation, and enrichment capabilities to maximize the value of IC data.

22 2019 NIS - ENTERPRISE OBJECTIVES 23

6 Deepen mutual understanding and collaboration among partners and decisions inform to effectively enable action. Strengthen existing and develop partnershipsnew to increase to meet access to information in accordance with mission needs, applicable law. Institutionalize a strategic approach to partner engagement to facilitate collaboration and understanding. TO MEET THIS OBJECTIVE, THIS OBJECTIVE, MEET TO THE IC WILL: • • • consist of organizations and entities workingconsist of organizations with us

The IC’s partnerships are fundamental to our national security. partnerships are fundamental to our national security. The IC’s expertise, data, capabilities, their collective Effectively leveraging our partnersand insights make force multipliers. The IC will optimize existing partnerships relationships to and forge new enhance intelligence and inform decisions. Partners Optimize partnerships and better to enhance intelligence inform decisionmaking.

to advance national security priorities, including the U.S. military, U.S. military, including the security priorities, to advance national services, other federal foreign intelligence and security our allies, and tribal local, as state, departments as well and agencies, as appropriate. officials and private sector entities, Partnerships Privacy, Civil Liberties, and Transparency

Safeguard privacy and civil liberties and practice appropriate TO MEET7 THIS OBJECTIVE, transparency to enhance accountability and public trust in THE IC WILL: all we do.

• Incorporate privacy and civil The Principles of Intelligence Transparency for the Intelligence liberties requirements into IC Community provide general norms for the IC to follow in making policy and programs to ensure information publicly available that enhances public understanding that national values inform the of intelligence activities while continuing to protect information intelligence mission. when disclosure would harm national security. • Engage proactively with oversight institutions and our partners to enhance public understanding and The IC must be accountable to the American people in carrying out trust in the IC. its national security mission in a way that upholds the country’s values. The core principles of protecting privacy and civil liberties • Practice and promote in our work and of providing appropriate transparency about our appropriate transparency in the work, both internally and to the public, must be integrated into the IC to make information publicly available without jeopardizing IC’s programs and activities. Doing so is necessary to earn and national security. retain public trust in the IC, which directly impacts IC authorities, capabilities, and resources. Mission success depends on the IC’s commitment to these core principles.

24 25 Factors Affecting IC Performance: Accomplishments, Risks, and Challenges

The IC is an increasingly integrated intelligence enterprise working toward the common vision of a Nation made more secure by a fully integrated, agile, resilient, and innovative IC that exemplifies America’s values. To this end, the IC has made significant accomplishments towards NIS objectives, but much work remains.

Accomplishments enhancing collaboration and information sharing, Through integration of effort, workforce initiatives, and promoting transparency and cooperation. IC partnerships, transparency, and technological Through this enriching program, our intelligence innovation, IC leaders and managers have promoted professionals have grown and gained additional a more efficient, effective, and agile intelligence experience and expertise and helped accomplish enterprise that enables the United States to safeguard the IC’s mission. our national interests in a challenging world. IC Partnerships Intelligence Integration Significant progress has been made in building Increased intelligence integration has enabled the capacity, standardizing practices, and sharing IC to better optimize mutually supporting collection information with partners in and outside the United and analysis activities, and more effectively manage States to help defend against and respond to foreign its resources, resulting in intelligence support that and foreign-inspired threats to U.S. interests, both has been critical to successful military, diplomatic, at home and abroad. The IC advanced intelligence humanitarian, and other relevant operations. sharing with foreign partners, notably in countering Examples of integrated IC mission successes include terrorism and supporting military operations, and the monitoring of the Iran nuclear program, the engaged in activities with key investigation of downed Malaysian Airlines Flight MH- domestic partners. 17, the monitoring of North Korean nuclear weapons development, and the response to the Ebola virus Transparency outbreak in West Africa. The Principles of Intelligence Transparency for the IC facilitated decisions on making information IC Workforce publicly available to promote general understanding IC mission success is enabled by an inclusive work of intelligence activities, while continuing to protect environment and a talented and diverse workforce information when disclosure would harm national with opportunities to cultivate career growth through security. As a result, the IC established a publicly a continued focus on developing and leveraging available online repository for declassified documents, diversity. As a result, the IC has consistently been official statements, speeches, and testimony and has ranked at the top of the best places to work in the officially released thousands of pages of documents Federal Government. and posted them in this repository.

Through the IC Joint Duty Program, thousands of Technological Innovation personnel have gained expertise, serving By deploying new scientific discoveries and alongside their colleagues in partner agencies, technologies, nurturing innovative thought, and broadening their professional development, improving tradecraft and processes, the IC has

26 achieved greater mission advantage on important • Institutional risk refers to the factors that affect issues. For example, IC leaders and managers the IC’s ability to execute effective mission and have promoted a culture of collaboration and business management practices. For example, integration along with unification of intelligence the likelihood of future unauthorized disclosures activities to deliver shared IT services and is a known risk that, if realized, may negatively capabilities across the IC. This integrated affect intelligence collection, relations with approach will enable the IC to appropriately access domestic and foreign partners, and public information and tools, regardless of where in the trust. Better governance, auditing, and security IC they reside. Information that is better organized procedures are needed to mitigate the risk and and enriched by metadata will enable the transition minimize the impact. The IC must attract and to information-centered intelligence processes, retain the right, trusted, agile workforce that while streamlining integrated data, applications, possesses skills such as the critical analytic, and services. scientific, technological, engineering, math, cyber, and foreign language skills required to A pioneering program has developed new methods support current and future mission challenges. for generating accurate and timely probabilistic This includes continuing to make progress forecasts on a wide range of intelligence questions. recruiting and hiring a more diverse workforce These forecasts have been used for National more comparable to external benchmarks, such Intelligence Estimates and other intelligence as those of the Federal workforce, the private products. To improve tradecraft, machine learning sector workforce, and the U.S. population. research has led to new automated methods for forecasting political instability from social media, • Programmatic (fiscal) risk refers to the news, financial data, web search queries, and consequences of losing IC capabilities and thousands of other data streams. These innovative resources due to unplanned or unforeseen applications are beginning to revolutionize the future factors that impact the effective use of available of intelligence to better inform our decisionmakers. funds. Continued federal budget uncertainty strains the IC’s ability to make deliberative and Risks and Challenges responsive resource decisions. The outcome may The NIS addresses various sources of risk and be overextended budgets or lack of cost-effective challenges that IC elements are called upon to solutions to address intelligence issues. The mitigate. Risk is an uncertain event or condition that IC needs to develop methods to efficiently shift has a negative effect on the IC’s ability to accomplish resources to mitigate programmatic (fiscal) risk its mission. Risk factors may have internal (areas the and avoid loss of vital programs, capabilities, and IC can control) and/or external (areas beyond the IC’s resource investments. 2019 NIS - FACTORS AFFECTING IC PERFORMANCE control) causes, requiring tailored mitigation strategies. • Technological risk refers to the factors that • Strategic risk refers to factors that affect the affect the IC’s scientific and innovative methods, IC’s ability to provide sufficient intelligence practices, tools, and skills. Some factors are to inform decisions on national security known, while others may be unforeseen. An issues. Factors such as potentially degraded inability to stay current with rapid changes in operational environments and the number and technology and industry standards may affect complexity of national security threats, together the IC’s competitive advantage. Mitigation may with resource constraints, may challenge the require improving data strategies, software, and IC’s ability to fully monitor situations and infrastructure to retain state-of-the-art capabilities. warn policymakers of all developments. The IC needs to pursue new approaches to better identify and communicate areas to accept risk while maintaining an anticipatory and agile posture against emerging threats.

27 Organization of the Intelligence Community

The Intelligence Community is an integrated enterprise comprised of 17 Executive Branch agencies and organizations (generally referred to as “IC elements”) that conduct a variety of intelligence activities and work together to promote national security. The DNI is the leader of the IC and sets IC strategic priorities through the National Intelligence Strategy. Each IC member contributes through the execution of its organization’s mission in accordance with statutory responsibilities.

The IC is comprised of the following In addition to collection, analysis, and production, 17 elements: IC elements serve in other roles. Functional managers oversee and coordinate a specific • Two independent agencies – the Office of the intelligence discipline or capability and advise the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI) and the DNI on the performance of their functions within Central (CIA); and across IC elements. National Intelligence Managers serve as the DNI’s principal advisers on • Eight Department of Defense elements – the all aspects of intelligence collection, analysis, and Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA), the National counterintelligence against a specific area of concern. (NSA), the National Geospatial- Program managers are IC element heads responsible Intelligence Agency (NGA), the National for executing the mission and overseeing their Office (NRO), and the intelligence elements’ budget activities. IC enterprise managers and counterintelligence elements of the military align capabilities and business functions to enable services—U.S. Intelligence, U.S. Navy the mission. Intelligence, U.S. Army Intelligence, and U.S. Marine TRESR Corps Intelligence, which also receive guidance and TE IN ST EPE N EN oversight from the Under Secretary of Defense for T EN Intelligence (USDI). E C C IE TI S S • Seven elements of other departments and J agencies – the Department of Energy’s Office of Intelligence and Counterintelligence; the

T Department of Homeland Security’s Office of I R

C

Intelligence and Analysis and the intelligence E

S

and counterintelligence elements of the U.S. N

Coast Guard; the Department of Justice’s Federal E

O

Bureau of Investigation and the Drug Enforcement Administration’s Office of National Security E N E Intelligence; the Department of State’s Bureau of R Intelligence and Research; and the Department of E S N the Treasury’s Office of Intelligence and Analysis. E E

28 2019 NIS - IMPLEMENTING THE NIS 29 The NIS Program managers Activities, initiatives, and initiatives, Activities, also participates of annual budgets in the development for the Department under the of Defense IC elements Program (MIP). The DNI serves as and othera voice and advocate for the IC to Congress external entities. informs the strategic plans of the IC elements. The mission and enterprisein the NIS shall objectives be incorporated the strategies and cascaded into managers, and plans of the IC elements. Functional Program managers, National Intelligence Managers, synchronize, and IC enterprise managers will align, and integrate their activities to the NIS. IC Elements and Actions. Plans, Align Strategies, Inform Allocation. Resource Assess Outcomes. operations addressing NIS mission and enterprise objectives require constant and consistent evaluation. IC elements will document the specific impact of the extent initiatives and operations, their activities, to which this impact contributes to broader NIS factors ability to that impede their and any objectives, advance NIS objectives. Measuring progress toward meeting NIS objectives is crucial the to improving performance of the IC. overall are heads of IC elements responsible for executing element’s their oversee the missions of the IC. They in capabilities, investments make budget activities, and execute expenditures within the NIP and the MIP a provide in the IC budget process. Each year they strategic program briefing to the DNI and report to Congress on their respective programs.

Under the The DNI leads IC The National Intelligence

Program (NIP) is the IC’s budget. The NIS serves as Program (NIP) is the IC’s mechanism to align NIP resources and report the DNI’s resource expenditures and performance to Congress. an IC-wide effortleads DNI The integrated an to develop maintaining strategic focus and cross-IC NIP budget, best to assure that NIP investments budget awareness, support The DNI national security goals and objectives. Direct the IC’s Budget. Direct the IC’s Enable IC Mission Execution. Lead Intelligence Integration. Drive the Strategic Direction for the IC. Drive the Strategic Direction for direction for the DNI sets strategic Through the NIS, to address bringing together the IC elements the IC, solve onchallenges that individual elements cannot direction for establishing their own. The DNI provides mission success.and sustaining capabilities to enable DNI The DNI, through the Office of the Director of National Intelligence, provides the IC with overarching IC with the provides of National Intelligence, through the Office of the Director The DNI, with their missions consistent IC elements execute and coordination. guidance, direction, oversight, All members for understanding responsible the IC workforce of how are their statutory authorities. to the best of their ability, their specific role the IC and executing to the mission of contribute they and civil liberties privacy while safeguarding practicing appropriate transparency. and mission execution through decisionmaking bodies, mission execution through decisionmaking bodies, IC budget and resource management, IC strategies, information sharing of IC capabilities, development and partneringand safeguarding, with domestic and foreign partners. direction of the DNI, the core mission of the ODNI the core mission direction of the DNI, is to lead and support delivering IC integration; in the and investing driving capabilities, insights, of missionfuture. IC governance is the management and enterprise activities through intelligence coordinatingintegration. Intelligence integration means and analysis, and synchronizing collection, effectively are fused, counterintelligence so that they operating as one team. The DNI establishes policies and standards to enable intelligence integration.

National Intelligence StrategyIntelligence National Implementing the the Implementing Conclusion

The NIS provides the IC with the DNI’s strategic direction for the next four years, aligns IC priorities with other national strategies, and supports the IC’s mission to provide timely, insightful, objective, and relevant intelligence and support to inform national security decisions and to protect our Nation and its interests. The IC must fully reflect the NIS in agency strategic plans, annual budget requests, and justifications for the NIP. The DNI will assess IC element proposals, projects, and programs toward the objectives of the NIS to

realize the IC’s vision of a Nation made more secure by a fully integrated, agile, resilient,

and innovative Intelligence Community that exemplifies America’s values. We have to become much more“ agile, more “ innovative, more creative.

— Daniel R. Coats, Director of National Intelligence

30 31 The National Intelligence Strategy of the United States of America

IC Vision A Nation made more secure by a fully integrated, agile, resilient, and innovative Intelligence Community that exemplifies America’s values. IC Mission Provide timely, insightful, objective, and relevant intelligence and support to inform national security decisions and to protect our Nation and its interests. Customer Success Our Customers

The President National Security Council Congress Heads of Departments & Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Others as the DNI Agencies of the Executive Branch and senior military commanders determines appropriate

Warfighters, policymakers, Designated state, local, tribal, diplomats, negotiators, and & territorial governments and homeland security, first responders & international officials Mission Objectives Strategic Intelligence Current Operations Intelligence Anticipatory Intelligence Enduring Interests Current and Planned Operations Emerging Issues

Cyber Threat Intelligence

Counterterrorism

Counterproliferation

Counterintelligence and Security

Other Regional and Functional Issues Enterprise Objectives Enterprise Integrated Mission Management Integrated Business Management

People

Innovation

Information Sharing and Safeguarding

Partnerships

Privacy, Civil Liberties, and Transparency