Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 2014 Mental Mapping the Transformation of Social Space in Rio's Oldest Favela: Morro da Providência Jamie Lauren Worms Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations Part of the Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Worms, Jamie Lauren, "Mental Mapping the Transformation of Social Space in Rio's Oldest Favela: Morro da Providência" (2014). LSU Doctoral Dissertations. 1627. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations/1627 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized graduate school editor of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please [email protected]. MENTAL MAPPING THE TRANSFORMATION OF SOCIAL SPACE IN RIO DE JANEIRO’S OLDEST FAVELA: MORRO DA PROVIDÊNCIA A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Department of Geography & Anthropology by Jamie L. Worms B.S., University of Maryland at College Park, 2006 M.A., George Washington University, 2009 May 2015 To Michael and Barbara And to Guilherme ii Acknowledgements I would like to thank all of my participants and residents of Morro da Providência. Thank you for inviting me into your homes, thank you for answering my questions, and thank you for your trust. I would also like to thank Theresa Williamson, Roseli Franco, and the entire CatComm team of volunteers. Your collaboration, friendship, and support have been vital to the success of this research project and to my formation as a researcher. Your work continues to be an inspiration. Additional thanks go to my advisor Dr. Andrew Sluyter and my committee members Dydia DeLyser, Craig E. Colten, and Yoshinori Kamo whose guidance and graduate classes were integral to my formation as an Urban Cultural Geographer. I would also like to extend an additional thanks to graduate directors Barry Keim, Kent Matthewson, as well as all of my colleagues and academic siblings. I would also like to thank the Louisiana State University Graduate School, the Department of Geography & Anthropology, and Evelyn L. Pruitt for funding nearly all of my doctoral education through the Evelyn L. Pruitt Ph.D. Fellowship. Lastly, I would like to thank my family for supporting all of my endeavors. iii Table of Contents ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................... iii LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................................... vi ABSTRACT ..................................................................................................................... viii CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................1 Research Topic .........................................................................................................1 Literature on Mega-Event Legacies and Impacts ....................................................5 World Cup Preparations .............................................................................12 Favela Commodification, Tourism, and Stakeholders ...............................17 Literature on Varied Approaches to Mental Mapping ...........................................23 Introduction ................................................................................................23 History of Maps and Map Use in Geography ............................................27 Approaches to Mental Mapping.................................................................30 Mental Mapping .............................................................................30 Community Mapping .....................................................................37 Participatory Mapping ...................................................................41 Application and Discussion of Mental Mapping ...................................................46 Objectives and Outline ...........................................................................................49 CHAPTER 2. CONCEPTUAL UNDERPINNINGS AND THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK............................................................................53 The Production of Culture and Landscape ............................................................53 “Humanistic” Geography ...........................................................................56 Transition to New Cultural Geography ......................................................60 Practice, Performance, and Non-representation .........................................63 Summary ....................................................................................................69 Introduction to Social Space ..................................................................................70 Introduction to the Production of Social Space .........................................73 The Categorization of Space ..................................................................................79 Representations of Conceived Space .........................................................79 Representational Lived Space ....................................................................87 Spatial Practice and Perceived Social Space .............................................93 Summary ................................................................................................................97 CHAPTER 3. FAVELA HISTORY IN CONTEXT ..........................................................100 Historical Background .........................................................................................100 Implications of the Units of Police Pacification ..................................................111 Case Study: Morro da Providência ......................................................................117 CHAPTER 4. PROJECT METHODOLOGY .................................................................127 Introduction ..........................................................................................................127 Language of Fieldwork in Morro da Providência ................................................129 Location Maps .....................................................................................................138 iv Access Data ..........................................................................................................139 Data Collection ....................................................................................................141 Identity .................................................................................................................148 Data Organization ................................................................................................152 Themes and Summary..........................................................................................154 CHAPTER 5. RESULTS, ANALYSIS, AND DISUCSSION .........................................158 Introduction ..........................................................................................................158 Approach to Mental Mapping ..................................................................161 Mental Map Types ...................................................................................164 The Past ................................................................................................................170 Praça Américo Brum ................................................................................170 O Alto do Morro.......................................................................................172 The Present...........................................................................................................177 The Teleférico and Praça Américo Brum .................................................181 O Alto do Morro.......................................................................................188 La Embaixo ..............................................................................................194 North to Gamboa......................................................................................199 Alternative Infrastructural Suggestions ...............................................................203 Non-Spatial Alternatives ..........................................................................204 Spatial Alternatives ..................................................................................207 Thematic Fear ..........................................................................................213 Discussion and Conclusion ..................................................................................216 CHAPTER 6. CONCLUSIONS ......................................................................................221 Overview ..............................................................................................................221 Contributions........................................................................................................231 Future Avenues of Research .................................................................................232 REFERENCES ................................................................................................................235