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The Old Master
INTRODUCTION Four main characteristics distinguish this book from other translations of Laozi. First, the base of my translation is the oldest existing edition of Laozi. It was excavated in 1973 from a tomb located in Mawangdui, the city of Changsha, Hunan Province of China, and is usually referred to as Text A of the Mawangdui Laozi because it is the older of the two texts of Laozi unearthed from it.1 Two facts prove that the text was written before 202 bce, when the first emperor of the Han dynasty began to rule over the entire China: it does not follow the naming taboo of the Han dynasty;2 its handwriting style is close to the seal script that was prevalent in the Qin dynasty (221–206 bce). Second, I have incorporated the recent archaeological discovery of Laozi-related documents, disentombed in 1993 in Jishan District’s tomb complex in the village of Guodian, near the city of Jingmen, Hubei Province of China. These documents include three bundles of bamboo slips written in the Chu script and contain passages related to the extant Laozi.3 Third, I have made extensive use of old commentaries on Laozi to provide the most comprehensive interpretations possible of each passage. Finally, I have examined myriad Chinese classic texts that are closely associated with the formation of Laozi, such as Zhuangzi, Lüshi Chunqiu (Spring and Autumn Annals of Mr. Lü), Han Feizi, and Huainanzi, to understand the intellectual and historical context of Laozi’s ideas. In addition to these characteristics, this book introduces several new interpretations of Laozi. -
An Explanation of Gexing
Front. Lit. Stud. China 2010, 4(3): 442–461 DOI 10.1007/s11702-010-0107-5 RESEARCH ARTICLE XUE Tianwei, WANG Quan An Explanation of Gexing © Higher Education Press and Springer-Verlag 2010 Abstract Gexing 歌行 is a historical and robust prosodic style that flourished (not originated) in the Tang dynasty. Since ancient times, the understanding of the prosody of gexing has remained in debate, which focuses on the relationship between gexing and yuefu 乐府 (collection of ballad songs of the music bureau). The points-of-view held by all sides can be summarized as a “grand gexing” perspective (defining gexing in a broad sense) and four major “small gexing” perspectives (defining gexing in a narrow sense). The former is namely what Hu Yinglin 胡应麟 from Ming dynasty said, “gexing is a general term for seven-character ancient poems.” The first “small gexing” perspective distinguishes gexing from guti yuefu 古体乐府 (tradition yuefu); the second distinguishes it from xinti yuefu 新体乐府 (new yuefu poems with non-conventional themes); the third takes “the lyric title” as the requisite condition of gexing; and the fourth perspective adopts the criterion of “metricality” in distinguishing gexing from ancient poems. The “grand gexing” perspective is the only one that is able to reveal the core prosodic features of gexing and give specification to the intension and extension of gexing as a prosodic style. Keywords gexing, prosody, grand gexing, seven-character ancient poems Received January 25, 2010 XUE Tianwei ( ) College of Humanities, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumuqi 830054, China E-mail: [email protected] WANG Quan International School, University of International Business and Economics, Beijing 100029, China E-mail: [email protected] An Explanation of Gexing 443 The “Grand Gexing” Perspective and “Small Gexing” Perspective Gexing, namely the seven-character (both unified seven-character lines and mixed lines containing seven character ones) gexing, occupies an equal position with rhythm poems in Tang dynasty and even after that in the poetic world. -
The Simulation of Long-Range Transport of Biomass Burning
Aerosol and Air Quality Research, 16: 2933–2949, 2016 Copyright © Taiwan Association for Aerosol Research ISSN: 1680-8584 print / 2071-1409 online doi: 10.4209/aaqr.2015.07.0440 The Simulation of Long-Range Transport of Biomass Burning Plume and Short-Range Transport of Anthropogenic Pollutants to a Mountain Observatory in East Asia during the 7-SEAS/2010 Dongsha Experiment Ming-Tung Chuang1*, Joshua S. Fu2, Chung-Te Lee3, Neng-Huei Lin4, Yang Gao2†, Sheng-Hsiang Wang4, Guey-Rong Sheu4, Ta-Chih Hsiao3, Jia-Lin Wang5, Ming-Cheng Yen4, Tang-Huang Lin6, Narisara Thongboonchoo7 1 Graduate Institute of Energy Engineering, National Central University, Chung-Li 32001, Taiwan 2 Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA 3 Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Central University, Chung-Li 32001, Taiwan 4 Graduate Institute of Atmospheric Physics, National Central University, Chung-Li 32001, Taiwan 5 Department of Chemistry, National Central University, Chung-Li 32001, Taiwan 6 Center for Space and Remote Sensing Research, National Central University, Chung-Li 32001, Taiwan 7 College of Chemical Engineering, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology, Bangkok, Thailand ABSTRACT The Community Multi-scale Air Quality Model (CMAQ) is used to simulate the long-range transport of biomass burning (BB) pollutants from Southeast Asia (SEA) towards the Taiwan Central Mountain Range (CMR) in March and April 2010. The results show that a proportion of the BB plume was blocked and compressed at the windward side of CMR. High-altitude BB plume is shown to influence air quality on the ground via three mechanisms: (1) the subsidence in the anticyclone, (2) the downward motion in the cold surge, and (3) the vertical mixing of the boundary layer over land. -
The Later Han Empire (25-220CE) & Its Northwestern Frontier
University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations 2012 Dynamics of Disintegration: The Later Han Empire (25-220CE) & Its Northwestern Frontier Wai Kit Wicky Tse University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations Part of the Asian History Commons, Asian Studies Commons, and the Military History Commons Recommended Citation Tse, Wai Kit Wicky, "Dynamics of Disintegration: The Later Han Empire (25-220CE) & Its Northwestern Frontier" (2012). Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations. 589. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/589 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/589 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Dynamics of Disintegration: The Later Han Empire (25-220CE) & Its Northwestern Frontier Abstract As a frontier region of the Qin-Han (221BCE-220CE) empire, the northwest was a new territory to the Chinese realm. Until the Later Han (25-220CE) times, some portions of the northwestern region had only been part of imperial soil for one hundred years. Its coalescence into the Chinese empire was a product of long-term expansion and conquest, which arguably defined the egionr 's military nature. Furthermore, in the harsh natural environment of the region, only tough people could survive, and unsurprisingly, the region fostered vigorous warriors. Mixed culture and multi-ethnicity featured prominently in this highly militarized frontier society, which contrasted sharply with the imperial center that promoted unified cultural values and stood in the way of a greater degree of transregional integration. As this project shows, it was the northwesterners who went through a process of political peripheralization during the Later Han times played a harbinger role of the disintegration of the empire and eventually led to the breakdown of the early imperial system in Chinese history. -
A Brief Analysis of Du Fu's Thought of Suffering and Artistic Expression
Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 185 6th International Conference on Social Science, Education and Humanities Research (SSEHR 2017) A Brief Analysis of Du Fu's Thought of Suffering and Artistic Expression Xie Lina Weinan Normal University, College Humanism, Weinan, Shaanxi, 714000 Keywords: Du Fu, Anxiety, Artistic Expression Abstract: Du Fu is the most famous realistic poet of the Tang Dynasty in our country. His poetry reflects the tempo late to Dali Period of social reality, the outstanding performance of its attention to the fate of the motherland, the sufferings of people's sympathy and strong criticism of the wealthy elite of evil, embodies the profound patriotism and sympathy for the feelings of the people. Therefore, he was honored as the "Saint", known as "the epic poem". This paper tries to explore the thought and artistic expression of his misery poetry. 1. Du Fu's Life and Thought Du Fu (712-770) born in Henan Gongxian, sub word beauty and whose ancestral home was Jing Zhao Du Ling, My grandfather was a famous poet of the age of Wu Zetian s father, Du made official idle. Family "Shou Feng Ru Guan" tradition has certain influence on Du Fu's thoughts and creation, but the greatest impact is the era of Du Fu's life and his life experience [1]. His life can be divided into four periods: reading and grand period (AD 731 - 745 years): this period lasted for more than 10 years, before and after the three poets Wu Yue, Qi Zhao, Song Liang and other roaming, visited the beautiful magnificent mountains and scenery. -
Cultural Governance in Contemporary China: Popular Culture, Digital Technology, and the State
! ! ! ! CULTURAL GOVERNANCE IN CONTEMPORARY CHINA: POPULAR CULTURE, DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY, AND THE STATE BY LUZHOU LI DISSERTATION Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Communications and Media in the Graduate College of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2015 Urbana, Illinois Doctoral Committee: Professor Emeritus John Nerone, Chair Assistant Professor Amanda Ciafone Professor Emeritus Dan Schiller Professor Kent Ono, University of Utah ii ABSTRACT This dissertation is a study of the historical formation and transformation of the Chinese online audiovisual industry under forces of strategic political calculations, expanding market relations, and growing social participation, and the cultural ramifications of this process, especially the kind of transformations digital technologies have wrought on the state-TV-station-centered mode of cultural production/distribution and regulatory apparatuses. Through this case, the project aims to theorize the changing mode of cultural governance of post-socialist regimes in the context of digital capitalism. Using mixed methods of documentary research, interviews with industry practitioners, participant observations of trade fairs/festivals, and critical discourse analyses of popular cultural texts, the study finds that the traditional broadcasting and the online video sectors are structured along two different political economic mechanisms. While the former is dominated by domestic capital and heavily regulated by state agencies, the latter is supported by transnational capital and less regulated. Digital technologies coupled with transnational capital thus generate new cultural flows, processes, and practices, which produces a heterogeneous and contested cultural sphere in the digital environment that substantially differs from the one created by traditional television. -
Du Fu and Chinese Poetic Expression: How Politics, Nature, and Self Become One
Portland State University PDXScholar Young Historians Conference Young Historians Conference 2019 May 1st, 10:30 AM - 11:45 AM Du Fu and Chinese Poetic Expression: How Politics, Nature, and Self Become One Binhnam Nguyen Grant High School Follow this and additional works at: https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/younghistorians Part of the Chinese Studies Commons, Intellectual History Commons, and the Poetry Commons Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Nguyen, Binhnam, "Du Fu and Chinese Poetic Expression: How Politics, Nature, and Self Become One" (2019). Young Historians Conference. 18. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/younghistorians/2019/oralpres/18 This Event is brought to you for free and open access. It has been accepted for inclusion in Young Historians Conference by an authorized administrator of PDXScholar. Please contact us if we can make this document more accessible: [email protected]. Du Fu and Chinese Poetic Expression: How Politics, Nature, and Self Become One Nam Nguyen PSU HST 105 1 May 2019 Nguyen 1 Born in 712 C.E., Du Fu is regarded as one of the most influential classical Chinese poets. He was born into an aristocratic family during the Tang Dynasty (618 – 917), but after the An Lushan Rebellion (755 – 763) reached the capital of Chang’an in 756 where he was living, he was forced to flee from the city with his family. The Tang Dynasty started out strong, flourishing politically, economically, and within the arts and literature, but the second half of its rule was littered with conflicts, having failed to recover from the damages done by the Rebellion.1 It was not until the latter half of Du’s life, during that period of dynastic wars and instability, that he began writing poetry. -
Wang Fu's “Qian Fu Theory” Inheriting and Developing Han Fei's Thought
2020 3rd International Workshop on Advances in Social Sciences (IWASS 2020) Wang Fu's “Qian Fu Theory” Inheriting and Developing Han Fei's Thought Chen Lin, Ma Shinian* Lanzhou, Northwest Normal University, 730010, China *Corresponding Author Keywords: Han fei, Wang fu, Ideological inheritance, Ideological development Abstract: Han Fei is a master of legalist thought, and Wang Fu is one of the most representative thinkers in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Because of the great similarity of the characteristics of the times they lived in, Wang Fu absorbed Han Fei's thoughts of rule of law and the art of governing the officials in order to save the country and the people, enrich the country and strengthen the army, and directly inherited and integrated them into his Confucianism based ideological system. At the same time, it can be seen that in terms of the theory of human nature, the shaping of human nature advocated by Wang Fu is a development of Han Fei's view of human nature seeking benefits and avoiding disadvantages. In the aspect of national education, the combination of morality and punishment is the development of Han Fei's teaching by law. On the economic front, 100 businesses were originally the development of Korea's non-agricultural business philosophy. 1. Introduction Wang Fu is one of the most representative Confucian scholars in the Eastern Han Dynasty. However, Wang Jipei, a scholar in the Qing Dynasty, pointed out: “He learned to compromise confucius, but he also dabbled in the name of Shen Shang, Hanfei, and did not become a pure confucius.” It can be found by carefully reading the text of Qian Fu theory that words such as “law”, “punishment”, “reward” and “punishment” appear frequently, while Wang continues to cultivate and annotate “Qian Fu theory”, citing the secondary data of Han Feizi, Mr. -
Representing Talented Women in Eighteenth-Century Chinese Painting: Thirteen Female Disciples Seeking Instruction at the Lake Pavilion
REPRESENTING TALENTED WOMEN IN EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY CHINESE PAINTING: THIRTEEN FEMALE DISCIPLES SEEKING INSTRUCTION AT THE LAKE PAVILION By Copyright 2016 Janet C. Chen Submitted to the graduate degree program in Art History and the Graduate Faculty of the University of Kansas in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. ________________________________ Chairperson Marsha Haufler ________________________________ Amy McNair ________________________________ Sherry Fowler ________________________________ Jungsil Jenny Lee ________________________________ Keith McMahon Date Defended: May 13, 2016 The Dissertation Committee for Janet C. Chen certifies that this is the approved version of the following dissertation: REPRESENTING TALENTED WOMEN IN EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY CHINESE PAINTING: THIRTEEN FEMALE DISCIPLES SEEKING INSTRUCTION AT THE LAKE PAVILION ________________________________ Chairperson Marsha Haufler Date approved: May 13, 2016 ii Abstract As the first comprehensive art-historical study of the Qing poet Yuan Mei (1716–97) and the female intellectuals in his circle, this dissertation examines the depictions of these women in an eighteenth-century handscroll, Thirteen Female Disciples Seeking Instructions at the Lake Pavilion, related paintings, and the accompanying inscriptions. Created when an increasing number of women turned to the scholarly arts, in particular painting and poetry, these paintings documented the more receptive attitude of literati toward talented women and their support in the social and artistic lives of female intellectuals. These pictures show the women cultivating themselves through literati activities and poetic meditation in nature or gardens, common tropes in portraits of male scholars. The predominantly male patrons, painters, and colophon authors all took part in the formation of the women’s public identities as poets and artists; the first two determined the visual representations, and the third, through writings, confirmed and elaborated on the designated identities. -
Rebels and Revolutionaries
Rebelsand Revolutionaries in North China, 1845-1945 Elizabeth]. Perry Stanford University Press Stanford, California 1. Introduction peasants rebel?* S olars have argued at length ov sant personality, class identity, social organization, and political proclivities. Yet any search for uni versal answers must bow before the undeniable fact that only some peasants rebel. Furthermore, only in certain geographical areas does rebellion seem to recur frequently and persistently. Students of China have long recognized the importance of re gional differences in rebel behavior. Although China lays claim to an exceptionally ancient and colorful history of rural insur gency, the turmoil tended to cluster in particular geographical pockets. The bandits of the Shantung marshes, the pirates off the Fukien Coast, the brigands of the Shensi hinterland-all are local figures of long-standing fame. Yet despite widespread recognition of the existence of local traditions, very little schol arship has been directed at solving the mystery of why partic ular regions. tended consistently to ·produce such patterns. This book seeks to answer the question of why peasants re belled for one key area of China: Huai-pei, site of the first re corded popular uprising in Chinese history and of countless subsequent rebellions down through the ages. By examining a century of rural violence in one notably rebellious region, the "The term peasanthere refers to a rural cultivator living within a state system, the fruits of whose labor go primarily for family consumption, rather than for marketing. Since the household is the basic accounting unit in a peasan~ society, members of a household whose basic livelihood is derived from agricultural work are referred to as peasants, even though many of these individuals engage regularly in nonfarmi.ng occupations to augment household incomes. -
Impacts of the Continental Asian Outflow
Aerosol and Air Quality Research, 17: 3006–3036, 2017 Copyright © Taiwan Association for Aerosol Research ISSN: 1680-8584 print / 2071-1409 online doi: 10.4209/aaqr.2017.03.0097 Chemical Characterization of Wintertime Aerosols over Islands and Mountains in East Asia: Impacts of the Continental Asian Outflow Shantanu Kumar Pani1, Chung-Te Lee2*, Charles C.-K. Chou3, Kojiro Shimada4,5, Shiro Hatakeyama4,5, Akinori Takami6, Sheng-Hsiang Wang1, Neng-Huei Lin1,4** 1 Department of Atmospheric Sciences, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan 2 Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan 3 Research Center for Environmental Changes, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan 4 Global Innovation Research Organization, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 1083-8538, Japan 5 Institute of Agriculture, Graduate School of Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 1083-8538, Japan 6 Center for Regional Environmental Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan ABSTRACT This study aimed to characterize the wintertime surface aerosol chemistry over islands and mountains sites (i.e., Cape Fuguei, Mt. Bamboo, Mt. Lulin, Cape Hedo, and Kumamoto) in East Asia. Aerosols were sampled over a 24-h period as part of an intensive observational period (IOP) in winter 2015. Aerosol samples were analyzed for water-soluble inorganic –3 ions (WSIIs), organic carbon (OC), and elemental carbon (EC). PM2.5 mean concentration (in µg m ) was found the highest over Kumamoto (22 ± 7), followed by Cape Fuguei (20 ± 9), Cape Hedo (11 ± 5), Mt. Bamboo (10 ± 13), and Mt. Lulin (4 ± 3). Strong correlations (r > 0.91) in ion charge balance suggested the good quality of data-sets and the ions share 2– + common source origins. -
Alternative Titles Index
VHD Index - 02 9/29/04 4:43 PM Page 715 Alternative Titles Index While it's true that we couldn't include every Asian cult flick in this slim little vol- ume—heck, there's dozens being dug out of vaults and slapped onto video as you read this—the one you're looking for just might be in here under a title you didn't know about. Most of these films have been released under more than one title, and while we've done our best to use the one that's most likely to be familiar, that doesn't guarantee you aren't trying to find Crippled Avengers and don't know we've got it as The Return of the 5 Deadly Venoms. And so, we've gathered as many alternative titles as we can find, including their original language title(s), and arranged them in alphabetical order in this index to help you out. Remember, English language articles ("a", "an", "the") are ignored in the sort, but foreign articles are NOT ignored. Hey, my Japanese is a little rusty, and some languages just don't have articles. A Fei Zheng Chuan Aau Chin Adventure of Gargan- Ai Shang Wo Ba An Zhan See Days of Being Wild See Running out of tuas See Gimme Gimme See Running out of (1990) Time (1999) See War of the Gargan- (2001) Time (1999) tuas (1966) A Foo Aau Chin 2 Ai Yu Cheng An Zhan 2 See A Fighter’s Blues See Running out of Adventure of Shaolin See A War Named See Running out of (2000) Time 2 (2001) See Five Elements of Desire (2000) Time 2 (2001) Kung Fu (1978) A Gai Waak Ang Kwong Ang Aau Dut Air Battle of the Big See Project A (1983) Kwong Ying Ji Dut See The Longest Nite The Adventures of Cha- Monsters: Gamera vs.