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VPM's B N Bandodkar College of Science, Thane T. Y. B. Sc. Fishery Biology, Sem.VI Notes: Unit I & II Marine fin fish and shell fish fisheries of India SYLLABUS Unit I) Marine Fin Fish Fisheries of India – i) Coastal fisheries (up to 45 fathoms) – Stromateus sinensis, Stromateus cinereus,Stromateus niger, Polynemus tetradactylus, Psuedosciaena diacanthus, Trichiurushaumela, Synagris 8aponicas, Scomber microlepeidotus, Cybium guttatum, Sardinellalongiceps. ii) Deep sea fisheries (more than 45 fathoms) of Indian Exclusive Economic Zone –Thunnus albacore, Sarda orientalis, Rhincodon typus.iii) Commercial potential & major landing centres of the above fishes. Unit II) Marine Shell Fish Fisheries of India – iii) Crustacean fisheries – Penaeus monodon; etapenaeus affinis, Parapenaeopsisstylifera, Acetes indicus, Panulirus polyphagus, Scylla serrata. iv) Molluscan fisheries – Pinctada vulgaris, Sepia pharaonis, Loligo duvaceli.iii) Commercial potential & major landing centres of the above shell fishes. Prof. Sudesh D. Rathod BOOKS of REFERENCE 1. General and applied Ichthyology – (Fish and Fisheries) by S.K. Gupta and P.C. Gupta 2. Fisheries and Indian Fisheries by C.B.L. Srivastava 3. Fisheries of India by Bal and Rao. Fishing Industry of India Fishing is an important livelihood of the people in India. Besides, seafood is a cheap and nutritional component of their diet. The total commercial marine catch for India has stabilized over the last ten years at between 1.4 and 1.6 million tones, with fish from the clupeoid group (e.g. sardines, Indian shad and whitebait) accounting for approximately 30% of all landings. The eventual number of living fish species may be close to 28,000 in the world. Day (1889) described 1418 species of fish under 342 genera from the British India. VPM'sJayaram B (1981) N listed Bandodkar 742 freshwater species of fishes College under 233 genera, of64 families Science, and 16 orders from Thane the Indian region. Talwar (1991) estimated 2546 species of fish belonging to 969 genera, 254 families and 40 orders. The Indian fish population represent 11.72% of species, 23.96% of genera, 57% of families and 80% Prepared by Prof. Sudesh D. Rathod, B. N. Bandodkar College of Science. Thane-400601, India. T. Y. B. Sc. Fishery Biology, Sem.VI Notes: Unit I & II of the global fishes. Fish production in India has increased at a higher rate compared to food grains, milk, eggs and other food items. India ranks second in the world fish production with an annual fish production of about 6.9 million metric tonnes. Fisheries sector contributed Rs. 34,758 crores to the GDP during 2005-06, which was 1.2% of the national GDP and to 5.3% of the agricultural GDP. However, the share of fisheries sector in the State Domestic product was estimated to be 1.44% in 2005-06. There has been a gradual shift (as shown in the figure abow) in the production scenario from marine to inland fisheries in recent years. Coastal Regions of India VPM's B NDistribution Bandodkar pattern of fish as indicated inCollege the distribution maps below of (after Science, Fishbase) Thane Prepared by Prof. Sudesh D. Rathod, B. N. Bandodkar College of Science. Thane-400601, India. T. Y. B. Sc. Fishery Biology, Sem.VI Notes: Unit I & II Coastal Fisheries: (Commercial potential & major landing centres) Stromateus sinensis Synonym: Pampus Common name: Butterfish chinensis (accepted # WoRMS = World Register of Local Name: china poplet Marine spp.) Distinguishing characters: Body firm, very deep, compressed; dorsal spines (total): 0; dorsal soft rays (total): 43-50; anal soft rays: 39-42; pelvic absent; caudal peduncle short, deep, strongly compressed, lacking scute-like scales or fleshy keels; snout blunt, rounded, forehead almost straight; eye small; grayish to brownish dorsally, silvery white on sides; covered in dark pigment spots; Fins silvery to grayish, darkest distally. Distribution: Indian Ocean and western Pacific: Persian Gulf to eastern Indonesia, north to Japan. Not recorded from Australia or New Guinea. Commercial potential: Occurs seasonally singly or in small schools over muddy bottoms; may enter estuaries. It is sold in fresh condition in local markets and fetches lucrative export potential; highly demanded for its low fats, white flesh and taste. The present annual production of marine fish from India is of the order of 1.5 Mt, of which the pomfret contribute nearly 2-3% of the total catch which averages to 38,087 t of Indian pomfret landings. The important commercially landings of pomfrets along the east coast are in W Bengal, AP, Pondicherry and Orissa (total of 1000 t); along west coast in Maharashtra (18,000 t) and Gujarat (2000 t) followed by Kerala (800 t), Karnataka (450 t) and Goa (100 t). Major landing centres: The important commercially landings of pomfrets along the east coast are in W Bengal, AP, Pondicherry and Orissa (total of 1000 t); along west coast in Maharashtra (18,000 t) and Gujarat (2000 t) followed by Kerala (800 t), Karnataka (450 t) and Goa (100 t). The annual average catch of P. VPM'schinensis B was however,N Bandodkar formed about 1 % of the pomfret College landings in India. of Science, Thane Prepared by Prof. Sudesh D. Rathod, B. N. Bandodkar College of Science. Thane-400601, India. T. Y. B. Sc. Fishery Biology, Sem.VI Notes: Unit I & II Stromateus cinereus Synonym: Pampus argenteus Common name: Silver pomfret Local Name: Poplet (accepted #Fishbase) Distinguishing characters: Body firm, very deep, oval, and compressed; Operculum and pelvic fins absent; gill opening reduced to a vertical slit on the side of the body; gill membrane broadly united to isthmus; Dorsal and anal fins preceded by a series of 5 to 10 blade-like spines with anterior and posterior points; Caudal fin deeply forked, the lower lobe longer than the upper. Color is gray above grading to silvery white towards the belly. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf to Indonesia, north to Hokkaido, Japan. Extra-limital captures have been made from the Adriatic and off Hawaii. Inshore species, usually occur in schools over muddy bottoms. Commercial potential: Silver pomfret is used in Chinese medicine. Sold fresh in local markets or shipped frozen to urban centers and has good export potential; highly demanded for its low fats, white flesh and taste. The present annual production of marine fish from India is of the order of 1.5 Mt, of which the pomfret contribute nearly 2-3% of the total catch which averages to 38,087 t of Indian pomfret landings. The important commercially landings of pomfrets along the east coast are in W Bengal, AP, Pondicherry and Orissa (total of 1000 t); along west coast in Maharashtra (18,000 t) and Gujarat (2000 t) followed by Kerala (800 t), Karnataka (450 t) and Goa (100 t). Major landing centres: The all-India average annual landing of P. argenteus during the five year 1984-88 was 23 967 t. Maharashtra and Gujarat contributed 42.6% and 3S.6% respectively. On the east coast, Andhra Pradesh and West Bengal and Orissa contributed about 85% and 95% respectively. The landings in Karnataka, VPM'sKerala andB Tamil N NaduBandodkar were comparatively low. College of Science, Thane Prepared by Prof. Sudesh D. Rathod, B. N. Bandodkar College of Science. Thane-400601, India. T. Y. B. Sc. Fishery Biology, Sem.VI Notes: Unit I & II Stromateus niger Synonym: Parastromateus Common name: Black pomfret niger (accepted # Fishbase) Local Name: Halwa Distinguishing characters: Deep-bodied and strongly compressed fishes; lateral line ends in weakly-developed scutes on the caudal peduncle; pelvic fins lost in individuals over 9 cm; lower jaw slightly protruding; color is brown above, silvery-white below; the anterior parts of the dorsal and anal fins bluish-gray; the other fins yellowish. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: East Africa to southern Japan and Australia. The species is continuous in distribution on west of India. Their abundance shows regional variation. Commercial potential: Adults inhabit coastal areas with muddy substrate. Found near the bottom during daytime and near the surface at night. They also enter estuaries. Normally form large schools. Along the Indian coast, the pomfrets are exploited by a variety of gears such as drift nets, dol nets, purse seines and trawls. F. niger is landed mainly by trawlers. Onate, purse seiners contributed as much as 900 t of the landings. Probably it is this gear which causes much damage to the resource. The present annual production of marine fish from India is of the order of 1.5 Mt, of which the pomfret contribute nearly 2-3% of the total catch which averages to 38,087 t of Indian pomfret landings. The important commercially landings of pomfrets along the east coast are in W Bengal, AP, Pondicherry and Orissa (total of 1000 t); along west coast in Maharashtra (18,000 t) and Gujarat (2000 t) followed by Kerala (800 t), Karnataka (450 t) and Goa (100 t). Major landing centres: Black pomfret forms an important fishery in Maharashtra and Gujarat contributing to 25,000 t average landings. It shows an increasing catch trend in Maharashtra. The statewise catch% depicts in Maharashtra (33.3%) Gujarat (22.8%), Karnataka (11.4%) and Andhra Pradesh (14.6%) together accounted for the bulk of the landings. In Kerala, the present annual yield of F. niger is 1,048 t and MSY (maximum sustainable yield) is 1,055 t which necessitates the reduction of effort by 20%. In Karnataka, VPM'sthe present B (1984 N- 88)Bandodkar yield is 1428 t and the MSY College is 1 856 t; the effort ofneeds Science,to be reduced by 60%. ThaneThe landings in Tamil Nadu and West Bengal and Orissa were generally poor. Prepared by Prof. Sudesh D. Rathod, B. N. Bandodkar College of Science. Thane-400601, India. T. Y.
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