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UNIVERSITY of CALIFORNIA Santa Barbara Community Based Fisheries Research on California Spiny Lobster (Panulirus Interruptus) A UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Santa Barbara Community Based Fisheries Research on California Spiny Lobster (Panulirus interruptus) at the Santa Barbara Channel Islands A Dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Environmental Science and Management by Matthew Curry Kay Committee in charge: Professor Hunter S. Lenihan, Chair Professor Steven D. Gaines Professor Matthew J. Kotchen December 2011 UMI Number: 3495684 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent on the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. UMI 3495684 Copyright 2012 by ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This edition of the work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, MI 48106 - 1346 The dissertation of Matthew Curry Kay is approved. __________________________________________ Matthew J. Kotchen __________________________________________ Steven D. Gaines __________________________________________ Hunter S. Lenihan, Committee Chair September 2011 Community Based Fisheries Research on California Spiny Lobster (Panulirus interruptus) at the Santa Barbara Channel Islands Copyright © 2011 By Matthew C. Kay iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am thankful for the community support that made this research possible. First and foremost, I appreciate the trust and support of the many Santa Barbara commercial lobster fishermen with whom I joined forces. I am especially grateful for the commitments of Chris Miller and Sam Shrout. Critical information and support was also provided by lobstermen Kenny Bortolazzo, Stan Davis, Ray Kennedy, Jerry Peters, Mark Becker, Bob Love, Mark Brubaker, John Wilson, and broker/ombudsman Talib Wahab. My primary advisor Hunter Lenihan was unwavering in his encouragement and support, as were committee members Steve Gaines and Matthew Kotchen. I received considerable assistance from labmates Jono Wilson, Sarah Valencia, Tal Ben-Horin, Carla Guenther, and Sarah Rathbone, as well as dedicated and capable undergraduate field crew Sarah Horwath and Jordan Heard. Financial support was provided by the California Ocean protection Council, Bren School (UCSB), Connell Family Memorial Trust (Richard Wilson, Trustee), Santa Barbara Long Term Ecological Research Program (Dr. Dan Reed, UCSB), UCSB Sustainable Fisheries Group, California Sea Grant, UCSB Graduate division, and the Seaspace student scholarship program. Finally, essential guidance and expertise was provided by Kristine Barsky (California Department of Fish and Game), Ray Hilborn (University of Washington), and Richard Parrish (NOAA fisheries). iv VITA OF MATTHEW CURRY KAY December 2011 EDUCATION Ph.D., UC Santa Barbara (2011) M.S., Marine Ecology - University of Oregon (2001) B.S., Biology - University of Oregon (1996) GRANTS and AWARDS MPA-Based Collaborative Techniques to Improve Management of Nearshore Fisheries. California Sea Grant. $45,000. 2010-2011. (PI Hunter Lenihan, authors Wilson and Kay) Seaspace Graduate Student Scholarship. Seaspace, $3,000. 2010. Distinguished Ph.D. Student Fellowship. UC Santa Barbara, $9,000. 2010. Global survey of historical shellfish abundance. The Nature Conservancy, $7,800. 2008. Monitoring and Assessment of Marine Reserves at the Northern Channel Islands: A Multi-Species, Collaborative Trapping Program. California Ocean Protection Council, $407,855. 2007-2009. Oregon Sea Grant/Neil Richmond Memorial Fellow; Conchologists of America Award; Western Society of Malacologists Grant; and PADI: Project AWARE Research Grant. $500 each. 1999-2001. PROFESSIONAL EMPLOYMENT 7/2011 – present Professor of Biology, Santa Barbara City College 3/2005 - present Ph.D. student / Biologist – UC Santa Barbara / California 11/2004 - present Field SCUBA biologist, private contractor. 3/2003 - 3/2005 Research Associate, University of California, Santa Barbara. 11/2001 - 1/2003 Research Technician, University of California, Santa Barbara. 4/2001 - 10/2001 Laboratory Technician, Hatfield Marine Science Center, Newport, Oregon. 5/1999 – 6/1999 SCUBA diver, Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. Charleston, Oregon v PUBLICATIONS Kay MC, Lenihan HS, Kotchen M, and Miller CJ. In review. Habitat and distance from reserve borders influence California spiny lobster (Panulirus interruptus) trap performance at the Santa Barbara Channel Islands. Marine Ecology Progress Series. Kay MC, and Wilson JR. In press. Spatially explicit mortality of California spiny lobster (Panulirus interruptus) across a marine reserve network. Environmental Conservation. Kay MC, Lenihan HS, Guenther C, Wilson JR, Shrout SW, and Miller CJ. In press. Collaborative assessment of California spiny lobster (Panulirus interruptus) population and fishery responses to a marine reserve network. Ecological Applications. Beck MW, Brumbaugh RD, Airoldi L, Carranza A, Coen LD, Crawford C, Defeo O, Edgar GJ, Hancock B, Kay M, Lenihan H, Luckenbach MW, Toropova CL, and Zhang G. 2011. Oyster reefs at risk globally and recommendations for conservation, restoration, and management. Bioscience 61:107-116. Kay MC, Lenihan HS, Wilson JW and Miller CJ. 2010. The cost of vessel insurance in collaborative fisheries research: Strategies and perspectives from a program in California, USA. California Fish and Game Scientific Journal 96:33- 49. Kay MC, Lenihan HS, Miller CJ, and Barsky K. 2008. Numbers, body sizes and movement of lobster. In: Airame S, Ugoretz J (Eds.) Channel Islands Marine Protected Areas: First 5 Years of Monitoring. Santa Barbara: California Department of Fish and Game. p. 8-9. Ruesink JL, Lenihan HS, Trimble AC, Hieman AC, Micheli F, Byers JE, and Kay MC. 2006. Introduction on non-native oysters: Ecosystem effects and restoration implications. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics 36: 643-689. Lotze HK, Lenihan HS, Bourque BJ, Bradbury R, Cooke RG, Kay MC, Kidwell S, Kirby MX, Peterson CH, and Jackson JBC. 2006. Depletion, degradation, and recovery of estuaries and coastal seas worldwide. Science 312: 1806-1809. Kay MC, and Emlet RB. 2002. Laboratory spawning, larval development, and metamorphosis of the limpets Lottia digitalis and Lottia asmi (Patellogastropoda: Lottiidae). Invertebrate Biology 121: 11-24. vi Kay MC, 2002. Recruitment in the intertidal limpet Lottia digitalis (Patellogastropoda: Lottidae) may be driven by settlement cues associated with adult habitat. Marine Biology 141: 467-477. PRESENTATIONS Kay MC, Lenihan HS, Kotchen M, and Miller CJ. 2010. Fishing, habitat, and distance from marine borders influence spiny lobster abundance on reefs at the Santa Barbara Channel Islands. Western Society of Naturalists. San Diego, California. November 2010. Kay MC, 2010. Landscapes, Seascapes, and Stakeholders. UCSB Bren School public event. Santa Barbara, California. October, 2010. Kay MC and Lenihan HS. 2009 Spiny lobster research at the northern Santa Barbara Channel Islands. California Department of Fish and Game spiny lobster stock assessment workshop. Santa Barbara, California. December 2009. Kay MC. 2009. Research for sustainable fisheries: Ecology, economics, and biology. Presentation to the UC Santa Barbara Alumni Association Board of Directors. Santa Barbara, California. October 2009. Kay MC, Lenihan HS, Miller CJ and Barsky K. 2008. Collaboration and conservation: Monitoring impacts of Channel Islands MPA’s on CA spiny lobster. Society of Conservation Biology Annual Meeting. Chattanooga, Tennessee. July, 2008. Kay MC, Lenihan HS, Miller CJ and Barsky K. 2008. Influence of Channel Islands Marine Reserves on Spiny Lobster. Channel Islands Symposium, Special Session: The First Five Years of Monitoring the Channel Islands Marine Protected Area Network. Oxnard, California. February 2008. Kay MC and Lotze HK. 2007. Reconstructing human-induced changes in marine ecosystems. Ecological Society of America (ESA) annual meeting, San Jose, California August 2007. Kay MC, 2000. Laboratory settlement of the ribbed limpet, Lottia digitalis, onto field-collected substrata. Oral Presentation at “Larval 2000”, a larval biology conference held on the campus of the University of California at Santa Cruz, June 2000. vii Abstract Community Based Fisheries Research on California Spiny Lobster (Panulirus interruptus) at the Santa Barbara Channel Islands by Matthew C. Kay This dissertation describes collaborative fisheries research (CFR) on California spiny lobster (Panulirus interruptus) at the Santa Barbara Channel Islands (SBCI). The research goals addressed in this work include: (1) establishing a collaborative approach to gathering fisheries data for assessments and management; (2) assessment of marine reserves at SBCI; (3) estimating mortality rates of lobsters populations throughout the SBCI marine reserve network; and (4) construction of fisheries models that provide context for interpreting mortality rates I estimated. CFR enhanced assessment of marine reserves established in 2003 at the SBCI in terms of their impact in P. interruptus population structure and fishery interactions. After six years of reserve protection, there was a four to eight-fold increase in trap yield, a 5 – 10% increase in the mean size (carapace length) of legal sized lobsters, and larger size structure of lobsters trapped inside versus outside of three
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