International Federation of Journalists

Journalists and Media Staff Killed in 2002

An IFJ Report on Media Casualties in the Field of Journalism and Newsgathering

CONTENTS:

INTRODUCTION P. 2 COUNTRY BY COUNTRY ANALYSIS P. 3 CASES OF JOURNALISTS KILLED P. 5 CASES OF MEDIAWORKERS KILLED P. 23 CASES UNDER INVESTIGATION P. 25 SOURCES P. 30 INTERNATIONAL CODE OF PRACTICE FOR THE SAFE CONDUCT OF JOURNALISM P. 31

1 Introduction

The year 2002 began in the shadow of a horrifying series of deaths among journalists caught up in reporting the war in and it ends with sad news of another victim. Beata Pawlak, a Polish journalist on assignment in Indonesia in pursuit of information on the network, was one of the victims of the Bali bombing in October. Her badly burned body was only identified two months after the attack. During the year the IFJ has identified 70 journalists or media staff killed while on duty. If there is one terrible theme that runs through the year it is that journalists are being targeted for pursuing stories others want not to be told.

In January, the killing of Wall Street Journal reporter Daniel Pearl set the tone for the year. Pearl, who was investigating the heartless world of al-Qaeda and international terrorism, was kidnapped and mercilessly used by his captors in Pakistan who videotaped his killing in an unprecedented display of brutality. Another victim was Tim Lopes, an award-winning investigative reporter with TV Globo in , who disappeared in June. He was tortured and murdered for reporting on drug gangs and sexual exploitation of minors.

Another shocking case was that of Ram Chander Chaterpatti, editor of a local newspaper in the north India state of Haryana who was shot four times outside his home in Sirsa in October. Chaterpatti was reportedly targeted by a religious sect, Dera Sacha Sauda, for his reports on the sect's illegal activities. His death, like that of Valery Ivanov, Editor-in-Chief of the Tolyattinskoye Obozreniye newspaper – shot dead by contract killers because he was reporting on corruption – show that journalists who ask tough questions often pay the ultimate prize for their stories.

Once again, the toll in Colombia has been high – ten deaths in the year. The IFJ responded by opening up a new office in Bogotá in October to monitor attacks and to help provide assistance to local journalists.

We recognise that many of these deaths are unavoidable. Ruthless criminality and political indifference often mean that little can be done to stop determined killers. But governments must be challenged. They must respect democratic rights, investigate and follow up every attack and be held accountable when there is official complacency, negligence or, as in some cases, official complicity in attacks on media.

Nevertheless, the year ends on an optimistic note. The IFJ and the International Press Institute, supported by an unprecedented coalition of 80 media organisations, unions, press freedom groups and international organisations, is to create the International Institute for News Safety. This Institute, to be launched during 2003 will support new measures to improve journalists’ safety. As these figures show, it is needed more than ever. We may not be able to stop all the killings, but we can put safety of journalism where it belongs – at the top of the media and governmental agenda.

2

Country by Country Analysis (updated 31 December 2002)

Country Journalists Media Staff Cases Under Killed Killed Investigation Afghanistan 1 Armenia 1 Angola 3 Bahrain 1 Bangladesh 2 1 Bolivia 1 Brazil 2 2 Burundi 1 Colombia 3 2 5 1 India 3 Indonesia 1 Kuwait 1 Malawi 1 Mexico 1 1 Morocco 1 Nepal 3 Pakistan 4 2 Palestine 4 Papua New Guinea 1 Peru 3 1 Philippines 3 7 2 Rwanda 1 Uganda 1 Ukraine 1 Venezuela 1 Zambia 1 Total 46 5 19

3

Regional Analysis

Region Journalists Killed Mediaworkers Total Killed Africa 8 8 Americas 19 3 22 Asia 19 2 21 Europe 12 12 Middle East & N. Africa 7 7 Total 65 5 70

4 Description: Television cameraman Cases of Journalists Killed Larry Greene, a 24-year veteran with KCBS Channel 2 in Los Angeles, died Country: AFGHANISTAN and four sailors were injured when a CASENR: 1 SH-60B helicopter crashed into the Name: Alistair McLeod North Arabian Gulf. Nationality: New Zealander The Navy helicopter was attached to Profession: Freelance Journalist the cruiser USS Mobile Bay and News organ: The Australian crashed while on “normal maritime Sector: Press interdiction operations”. The ships of Date: 23 August 2002 the 5th Fleet take part in an operation Age: 41 to enforce U.N. sanctions on , Source: CPJ, IFEX stopping freighters suspected of Description: Alistair McLeod, a illegally carrying Iraqi oil. freelance reporter on assignment in The aircraft was hovering over a Afghanistan for The Australian Syrian-flagged vessel to observe a newspaper, was killed in a car accident health inspection boarding when the outside Kabul. Luis Alvarez, a reporter rotor blade struck the ship's mast. for the Spanish news agency EFE, and an Afghan driver were injured. The Country: BANGLADESH accident occurred when the car CASENR: 3 carrying the two journalists tried to Name: Harunur Rashid dodge another vehicle and rolled over. Nationality: Bangladeshi McLeod and Alvarez were brought to Profession: Journalist an International Security Assistance News organ: Dainik Purbanchal Force medical clinic where McLeod Sector: Press was pronounced dead. Date: 2 March 2002 Additional: McLeod had reported on Age: 44 conflicts in Angola, Kosovo, and East Source: Media Watch, CPJ, Timor. According to The Australian, at RSF, WAN, IFEX, BJRF, Freedom the time of his death, he had just begun Forum, IPI reporting on a story about Harry Description: On the evening of 2 Burton, an Australian cameraman for March, Harunur Rashid, a reporter for Reuters who was killed along with the daily newspaper Dainik three other journalists when their Purbanchal, was ambushed by gunmen convoy en route to Kabul was while he was riding his motorcycle to ambushed by a group of gunmen on work in the southwestern city of November 19, 2001. Khulna. Three unidentified young men brought Rashid to a hospital, told Country: BAHRAIN doctors he had been injured in a car CASENR: 2 accident, and then disappeared. Rashid, Name: Larry Greene who is also known as Rashid Khukon, Nationality: American was an investigative reporter who had Profession: Cameraman written several stories on official News organ: KCBS corruption and links between criminal Sector: TV syndicates and outlawed Maoist Date: 6 September 2002 guerrilla groups, including the Purbo Age: 50 Banglar Communist Party (PBCP). Source: Freedom Forum Rashid's relatives told reporters that he

5 was on a PBCP hit list. He had also returning home from El Diario's received anonymous death threats offices on the evening of 10 April throughout his career. 2002. The journalist's driver was Local journalists believe Rashid was injured in the explosion. Guzmán, who killed for his reporting. was in charge of the newspaper's Bangladesh's crime-ridden southwest magazine for women, was the wife of region is the most dangerous part of El Diario's general director, Jorge the country for journalists. Carrasco Jahnsen, and it is suspected that the bomb was intended for him. Country: BANGLADESH Had Carrasco not stayed at the office CASENR: 4 to continue editing the next day's Name: Shukur Hossein paper, he too would have been Nationality: Bangladeshi travelling in the car. Profession: Journalist Carrasco has stated that he believes News organ: Anirban that the attack is linked with the Sector: Press investigative journalism practiced by Date: 5 July 2002 the newspaper. He also reported that Age: 40 ten other El Diario employees had Source: BJRF been physically attacked in the last six Description: Shukur Hossain, crime months. reporter for the Khulna-based newspaper Anirban, was kidnapped at Country: BRAZIL around midnight on 5 July by a group CASENR: 6 of about 35 armed men from his home Name: Tim Lopes in Ula, a village near the town of Nationality: Brazilian Dumuria in Khulna District. Police Profession: Journalist suspect the assailants belong to the News organ: TV Globo outlawed Biplobi Communist Party, Sector: TV one of several guerrilla groups active Date: 9 June 2002 in the southwest. Age: 50 Bangladesh's crime-ridden Source: IFJ, FENAJ, IAPA, southwestern region is the most CPJ, IFEX, RSF, WAN, IPI, Freedom dangerous area in the country for Forum, EJC journalists. Description: The death of Tim Lopes was officially confirmed by the Rio de Country: BOLIVIA Janeiro police on 9 June. Lopes, an CASENR: 5 award-winning investigative reporter Name: Maria Teresa Guzman with TV Globo in Brazil, had de Carrasco disappeared several days earlier while Nationality: Bolivian working on assignment in the suburbs Profession: Journalist of , at an impoverished News organ: El Diario community, known as a . Sector: Press On 2 June, the journalist traveled to Date: 10 April 2002 Favela Vila Cruzeiro. His driver met Age: him at the favela at about 8 p.m. (local Source: IAPA, IFEX, IFJ, time), but the journalist told the driver WiPC, IPI, WAN, PFC that he needed more time to finish his Description: Maria Teresa Guzmán work. They agreed to meet again at 10 de Carrasco was killed when a bomb p.m., but Lopes never arrived. This placed in her car exploded as she was was Lopes' fourth visit to Vila

6 Cruzeiro, and this time, he was Additional: Lopes received Brazil's carrying a hidden camera. most important journalism award in According to TV Globo, Lopes was December 2001 for a TV Globo report working on a report about parties on drug trafficking. The report, which hosted by drug traffickers in Vila was titled "Drug Fair" and was Cruzeiro that allegedly involved drugs broadcast in August 2001, was filmed and the sexual exploitation of minors. with a hidden camera and showed how The inhabitants of the favela had told traffickers sold drugs in a makeshift Lopes that they were powerless against open drug market in a favela outside drug traffickers and had complained Rio de Janeiro. about the lack of police action. On 3 June, TV Globo reported Lopes' Country: BRAZIL disappearance to the police. CASENR: 7 According to the Rio de Janeiro Civil Name: Domingos Savio Police, two suspects, both members of Brandao Lima a gang headed by local drug trafficker Nationality: Brazilian Elias Pereira da Silva, a leading Profession: Owner, Publisher, suspect in the disappearance of Lopes, Columnist were arrested on the morning of 9 News organ: Folha do Estado June. Both men claimed that they Sector: Press heard how Lopes was murdered but Date: 30 September 2002 denied any involvement in his killing. Age: 40 According to the suspects' depositions, Source: FENAJ, IAPA, CPJ, details of which the police released and IFEX, WiPC, WAN, RSF, Periodistas the Brazilian press published, drug Description: Brazilian journalist traffickers close to Pereira da Silva Domingos Sávio Brandão Lima Júnior kidnapped Lopes in Vila Cruzeiro was the owner, publisher, and a around midnight on 2 June. After columnist of the daily Folha do Lopes told them he was a TV Globo Estado, which is based in the city of reporter, the traffickers called Pereira Cuiabá, in the central Brazilian state of da Silva, who was in a nearby favela. Mato Grosso. They tied Lopes' hands, forced him Brandão was shot at least 5 times by into a car, and took him to the favela two unidentified men on a motorcycle. where Pereira da Silva was staying. The two men had been waiting for There, they beat the reporter and shot Brandão near the paper's new offices, him in the feet so that he could not which are under construction. escape. Then they held a mock trial As Brandão was surveying the exterior and sentenced Lopes to death. Pereira of the building with an engineer from da Silva killed Lopes with a sword, the construction company, the gunmen and the body was burned and buried in approached the journalist, shot him in a clandestine cemetery, said the the chest and head with a 9 mm suspects. handgun, and then fled on the The police found charred human motorcycle. Several people witnessed remains shortly after Lopes' the murder. disappearance. In an editorial, the paper blamed the Based on testimony by the two murder on a "parallel power," a suspects, however, law enforcement reference to organized crime groups officials do not think the unidentified that have taken over Mato Grosso. The body is that of Lopes and they continue paper attributed Brandão's death to the to search for the reporter's body. paper's extensive coverage of drug

7 trafficking, illegal gambling, and acts Profession: Assistant Editor of corruption involving public News organ: La Patria officials. Sector: Press Brandão had not received any threats, Date: 2 February 2002 according to the newspaper. Police Age: 42 investigators said evidence indicates Source: WAN, IPYS, IFEX, IPI, that his murder was a contract killing. Freedom Forum, RSF Description: Orlando Sierra Country: BURUNDI Hernandez, assistant editor of the CASENR: 8 regional daily La Patria, was shot Name: Hamissi Bizimana several times on 30 January in front of Nationality: Burundian the newspaper’s offices in Manizales. Profession: Journalist He died on 2 February. Hernandez was News organ: Bonesha FM known for his anti-corruption Sector: Radio investigations. Date: 6 August 2002 Some of the leading newspapers in Age: Colombia, including El Tiempo and the Source: Reuters newsmagazine Cambio, published Description: Burundian rebels results of a joint investigation that attacked the outskirts of the capital implicated local politicians in the murder. According to the investigation, ahead of peace talks early August, the politicians, whom Hernandez often killing a journalist, his 2-year-old son accused of corruption, may have and a woman. ordered his murder. Police say that The journalist, Hamissi Bizimana, they have found no evidence to support leaped from his car when it was hit by that theory. a grenade blast during the attack, but rebels shot him when he rushed back to Country: COLOMBIA help his dying child. CASENR: 10 “Hamissi managed to escape from the Name: Hector Sandoval car and hide himself in the gutter,” his Nationality: Colombian colleague Abbas Mbazumutima from Profession: Cameraman Bonesha FM radio told Reuters. News organ: RCN “But then he saw his son in agony and Sector: TV he rushed to him to at least say Date: 12 April 2002 Age: goodbye. At that moment the rebels Source: IFJ, CPJ, RSF, IFEX, saw him and shot him dead.” IAPA, Freedom Forum, IPI, WAN Grenade explosions and the rattle of Description: Hector Sandoval, gunfire echoed over the north of cameraman for RCN Television died on Bujumbura that evening as large 12 April from injuries obtained the numbers of rebels descended from the previous day when a RCN Television hills over the town and shot at passing news crew came under fire in a cars in the northern Mutanga district. mountainous region outside the southwestern city of Cali where the Country: COLOMBIA army was pursuing fighters from the CASENR: 9 Revolutionary Armed Forces of Name: Orlando Sierra Colombia (FARC). The rebels had just Hernandez kidnapped 13 provincial lawmakers Nationality: Colombian and four aides and were apparently

8 seeking refuge when the army fighting in Colombia's 38-year civil launched an operation to free the conflict. captives. According to the journalist’s co-host, The journalists had decided to turn less than a week before the killing, back when an army helicopter Varela told listeners during his hovering above opened fire on their morning news show, Varela Noriega vehicle. The letters "RCN" were reported that fighters from the marked in large, bright colors on the paramilitary United Self-Defense roof and both sides of the vehicle. Forces of Colombia, or AUC, had A bullet pierced the roof and tore arrived in Arauca and were patrolling through the crew’s driver, Walter the streets in the town, which is on the López's arm and into his body, killing border with Venezuela. him instantly. Three years ago, Varela's name Fifteen minutes after López was shot, a appeared on a list of people that the bullet from the helicopter ripped paramilitary army had declared through cameraman Hector Sandoval's military targets, said the acting police left leg. commander, adding that authorities Continued fighting forced the were investigating rumors that the journalists, Sandoval, and RCN AUC was responsible for the killing. correspondent Luz Estela Arroyave to In recent months, Varela had begun hide in the ravine for about two hours. warning his only child that his life Journalists from a local newspaper could be in danger. who had also come to cover the combat later took them to a local Country: GEORGIA hospital. CASENR: 12 The army has opened an investigation Name: Ayup Paikayev into the killings, said an army Nationality: Chechen spokesman in Bogotá, the capital, who Profession: Journalist asked to remain anonymous. News organ: Rustavi-2 Sector: TV Country: COLOMBIA Date: 29 April – 5 May 2002 CASENR: 11 Age: Name: Efrain Varela Noriega Source: Radio Free Europe, Nationality: Colombian CJES Profession: Journalist / Owner Description: A refugee from News organ: Radio Meridiano-70 , journalist Ayup Paikayev, a Sector: Radio journalist with Rustavi-2 TV, was Date: 28 June 2002 killed in Pankisi Gorge. His reports Age: 56 covered illegal arms trade by Russian Source: CPJ, IPYS, FLIP, peacekeepers in South Ossetia aided by WAN, IFEX, IAPA, IPI, RSF, CJFE, Georgians. The arms were sold to Freedom Forum . By some reports, Paikayev Description: Efraín Varela Noriega, had been sentenced by Chechen owner of Radio Meridiano-70, was fighters. driving home when gunmen yanked him from his car and shot him in the Country: INDIA face and chest. CASENR: 13 Varela hosted two polemical news and Name: Paritosh Pandey opinion programs for the station in the town of Arauca and criticized all sides

9 Nationality: Indian few days after two other journalists Profession: Journalist were kidnapped by a separatist group. News organ: Jansatta Express Singh, who worked on the audio-visual Sector: Press production company North East Date: 14 April 2002 Vision's weekly programme, was killed Age: 32 after being tortured by armed men. He Source: RSF, IFEX, CJFE, CPJ, was found with his hands tied behind WAN, Freedom Forum, IPI his back and his body was covered Description: Paritosh Pandey, a with bruises. crime reporter for the Hindi-language Colleagues suspect that one of the local daily Jansatta Express was region's separatist groups killed Singh. murdered on the evening of April 14 Singh, who was also Vice President of while watching television at his home the Manipur Electronic Media in Lucknow, in the state of Uttar Journalists' Union, had criticized Pradesh. Pandey was shot five times at separatist groups and local politicians point-blank range by several on his programme and had also individuals. He was hit in the head and planned to investigate corruption in the died instantly. Pandey's assassins state. escaped. After learning of their colleague's Country: INDIA murder, a group of journalists CASENR: 15 demonstrated outside the main Name: Ram Chander Lucknow police station, demanding Chaterpatti swift action from authorities accused Nationality: Indian of not taking the killing seriously. A Profession: Editor struggle ensued and one journalist was News organ: Poora Sach injured when he was struck with the Sector: Press butt of a police officer's pistol. Date: 14 April 2002 According to his family and Age: 52 colleagues, Pandey's murder is almost Source: RSF, IFEX, WAN, IPI, certainly linked to his articles on NUJI, IFJ oganized crime in Lucknow. Description: Editor of a local newspaper, Poora Sach, in the Country: INDIA northern state of Haryana, Ram CASENR: 14 Chander Chaterpatti was shot four Name: Yambem Meghajit times by an unidentified assailant Singh outside his home in Sirsa on October Nationality: Indian 24. He died a month later in a Delhi Profession: Journalist hospital. Chaterpatti was reportedly News organ: North East Vision targeted by a religious sect, Dera Sacha Sector: TV Sauda, following his reports about the Date: 13 October 2002 sect's illegal activities, including a sex Age: scandal. He had received several Source: RSF, EJC, IFJ, IFEX, threats from the group. CJFE, WAN, IPI Description: Armed men shot dead Country: INDONESIA television journalist Yambem Meghajit CASENR: 16 Singh in Imphal, in the north-eastern Name: Beata Pawlak state of Manipur. The killing came a

10 Nationality: Polish Name: Felix Fernandez Profession: Journalist Garcia News organ: Gazeta Wyborcza Nationality: Mexican Sector: Press Profession: Editor Date: 12 October 2002 News organ: Nueva Opción Age: 45 Sector: Press Source: Associated Press Date: 18 January 2002 Description: A reporter for Poland's Age: 37 largest daily Gazeta Wyborcza was Source: IFJ, CENSOS, IFEX, among the victims of the October RSF, WAN, WiPC, IAPA, IPI, bombings on the Indonesian island of SNRPTASC Description: Felix Fernández García, Bali, Beata Pawlak, 45, was identified editor of the magazine Nueva Opción, as one of the 192 victims by an was shot dead by unidentified Australian forensic team sent to the individuals as he left a restaurant in the resort island after the October 12 blast. town of Miguel Alemán in the state of Pawlak was reporting on poverty in Tamaulipas. Asia and was investigating the sources Having previously received death of terrorism, Gazeta Wyborcza said. threats, Fernández had employed two She arrived in Bali two days before the bodyguards but neither was able to attack. save him. The motive for the killing has yet to be Country: KUWAIT clarified but it may be connected with CASENR: 17 the publication by Nueva Opción of Name: Patrick Bourrat articles that link the town's former Nationality: French mayor with a drugs cartel. Fernández Profession: Journalist García had also written a piece News organ: TF1 accusing a political candidate in the Sector: TV 2001 campaign of involvement in Date: 22 December 2002 criminal activity. Age: 48 Source: IFJ, IFEX, Freedom Country: NEPAL Forum CASENR: 19 Description: Patrick Bourrat, a Name: Nawaraj Sharma veteran foreign correspondent for Basant France's TF1 television channel, died Nationality: Nepalese from wounds he sustained after he was Profession: Editor hit by a tank while trying to warn News organ: Karnali Sandesh another media staff colleague who was Sector: Press in the path of the vehicle. Date: June 2002 Bourrat was one of scores of Age: journalists and media staff covering the Source: FNJ, IPI, IFJ, CPJ, RSF, long-running Operation Desert Spring CEHURDES, NUJN, CJFE training exercise in Kuwait, which Description: According to reports, on involves 12,000 United States troops. 13 August the mutilated body of Much of the exercise involves live-fire Nawaraj Sharma Basant, editor of the training drills. independent Karnali Sandesh magazine in western Nepal and Country: MEXICO president of the local branch of the CASENR: 18 Federation of Nepalese Journalists,

11 was found near the village of Suna in interview with rebel leader Baburam Karnali province. His murderers, Bhattarai. identified as Maoist rebels, had cut off his limbs, removed his eyes and killed Country: NEPAL him with a bullet to the chest. Armed CASENR: 21 men had reportedly abducted Nawaraj Name: Ambika Timsina Sharma Basant from his home in the Nationality: Nepalese district of Kalikot on 1 June. Profession: Journalist He had been previously kidnapped in News organ: Janadesh, Mahima February by a Maoist group and held Sector: Press for nearly three months. After his Date: 12 December 2002 release in May, he was questioned for Age: 26 five days by the security forces, who Source: IFEX, RSF, WAN, suspected him of being a Maoist spy. CEHURDES Description: The body of journalist Country: NEPAL Ambika Timsina was found on 12 CASENR: 20 December 2002 near the village of Name: Krishna Sen Pathari, in the southeastern province of Nationality: Nepalese Koshi. He had been shot and beaten. Profession: Editor The previous day, eight masked men News organ: Janadisha had kidnapped him from his home. Sector: Press Friends and colleagues of Timsina said Date: June 2002 the killers may have been Maoists who Age: suspected him of being an informer for Source: IFJ, IFEX, RSF, CPJ, the security forces. IPI, WAN, CEHURDES, NPU, FNJ, NUJN Country: PAKISTAN Description: Krishna Sen, Editor of CASENR: 22 Janadisha, was arrested on 20 May Name: Daniel Pearl and international sources say he died, Nationality: American probably sometime in June, after being Profession: Journalist tortured at an undisclosed prison to News organ: Wall Street Journal make him confess to his ties to the Sector: Press Maoist movement and his contacts Date: January-February 2002 with the Maoist leaders. Age: 38 His body was handed over to his Source: IFJ, TNG-CWA, CPJ, family for cremation but the authorities RSF, IPI, IFEX, WAN, CJFE, WPFC, did not supply any information on the PPF, FH, NUJI, AIJ reasons for Sen's death. According to Description: U.S. government several sources in Kathmandu he was officials confirmed on 21 February that in good health before his arrest. Sen, Daniel Pearl, kidnapped South Asia who police say was an official of the correspondent for The Wall Street Nepalese Communist Party (Maoist) Journal, had been killed by his captors. for the Kathmandu region, was The exact date of his murder is not detained in an unknown place for known, but officials announced his nearly one month. death after receiving a graphic, three- In March a Nepalese court ordered and-a-half-minute digital videotape Sen's release after more than two years that contains many horrifying images, in prison for having published an including a scene in which one of the killers slits Pearl's throat and another in

12 which someone holds his severed head. Source: IFJ, IFEX, WAN, RSF, The faces of the assailants are not PPF, EJC, CJFE, Freedom Forum, IPI visible on the video, according to news Description: Shahid Soomro was reports. shot outside his home while resisting a Pearl, went missing on 23 January in kidnapping attempt by five armed men. the port city of Karachi and was last He died from his injuries en route to seen on his way to an interview at the the hospital. It is believed that his Village Restaurant. Four days later, a killing was a revenge for his reporting group calling itself "The National of the recently concluded election Movement for the Restoration of campaign. Pakistani Sovereignty" sent an e-mail Soomro's reporting of the election to several U.S.- and Pakistan-based campaign had angered the recently news organizations claiming elected member of the provincial responsibility for kidnapping Pearl. assembly from Kandhot, Mir Mehboob The e-mail also contained four photos Bijarani, and Soomro had received of the journalist, including one in death threats. which he is held at gunpoint and On the evening that he was killed, it is another in which he is holding a copy alleged that two brothers of Bijarani of the January 24 issue of Pakistan's and three accomplices went to Dawn newspaper. Soomro's home at approximately Another e-mail was sent on January midnight. They called for him to come 30, also including photographs of Pearl out of the house where they attempted held captive. While the earlier e-mail to kidnap him. He was shot when he had accused Pearl of being an resisted their attempts to force him into American spy, this one branded him as their vehicle. an agent of the Mossad, Israel's spy agency, and said he would be killed Country: PAKISTAN within 24 hours unless the group's CASENR: 24 demands were met. Name: Shojun Hata After scrutinizing the videotape Nationality: Japanese received weeks later, authorities Profession: Producer/Journalist believe that Pearl may have been News organ: NHK murdered even before the second e- Sector: TV mail was sent. Date: 25 October 2002 In the videotaped footage, Pearl is Age: 55 apparently forced to identify himself as Source: Associated Press Jewish and to deliver scripted lines Description: Three members of a reiterating some of the demands made Japanese television crew and a in the e-mails. Pakistani driver were killed in a road accident in a remote northern area of Country: PAKISTAN Pakistan. CASENR: 23 The accident occurred on Korakoram Name: Shahid Soomro Nationality: Pakistani Highway, 60 kilometers (37 miles) Profession: Journalist from the small town of Gilgit when News organ: Kawish their car veered out of control and Sector: Press plunged into a deep ravine. Date: 20 October 2002 The journalists were working on a Age: 26 documentary for Japanese television.

13 Road accidents in the mountain areas uprising, which began in September of northern Pakistan are not 2000. uncommon. The road where the The photographer died after being hit accident took place is an ancient route by several rounds of machine gun fire from the direction of an Israeli tank in that goes up to Pakistan's northern Ramallah. border with China. Italian television station Rai Uno journalists who were accompanying Country: PAKISTAN Ciriello at the time of the incident said CASENR: 25 they were trailing a group of Name: Kiyoshi Honda Palestinian gunmen who were some Nationality: Japanese 200 yards in front of the journalists. Profession: Cameraman The three journalists were standing News organ: NHK inside a building off an alleyway when Sector: TV a tank emerged at one end of the street Date: 25 October 2002 some 150 to 200 yards away. Ciriello Age: 35 left the building and pointed his Source: Associated Press camera at the tank. He then came Description: Three members of a under fire without warning. Ciriello Japanese television crew and a was shot six times and died of his Pakistani driver were killed in a road wounds soon afterward. accident in a remote northern area of There was at least one Palestinian Pakistan. gunman in Ciriello's vicinity at the The journalists were working on a time of the shooting. documentary for Japanese television. Additional: Ciriello had worked on Road accidents in the mountain areas many dangerous stories, taking pictures in Afghanistan, Bosnia and the of northern Pakistan are not Palestinian territories. He was married uncommon. and had an infant daughter. Ciriello's Web site says he started covering war Country: PALESTINE zones in 1992 and often worked with CASENR: 26 Maria Grazia Cutuli, the Italian Name: Raffaele Ciriello journalist killed in Afghanistan in Nationality: Italian November 2001. Profession: Freelance Photographer News organ: Corriere della Sera Country: PALESTINE Sector: Press CASENR: 27 Date: 13 March 2002 Name: Amjad Bahjat Al Age: 42 Alami Source: RSF, IFEX, IFJ, FNSI, Nationality: Palestinian CJFE, WAN, CPJ, PJS, Freedom Profession: Cameraman Forum, EJC News organ: Al Nawras Description: Free-lance photographer Sector: TV Raffaele Ciriello was killed by Israeli Date: 18 March 2002 gunfire in the West Bank city of Age: 22 Ramallah. Source: IPI, Arab Press Ciriello, who was on assignment for Freedom watch the Italian daily Corriere della Sera, is Description: Amjad Al Alami, the first foreign journalist killed while cameraman for local Palestinian TV covering the current Palestinian station, Al Nawras, was killed by

14 Israeli gunfire in Hebron on March 18. Dahla said that as they tried to take Sources said he was wearing a bullet- shelter in a nearby building, the tanks proof flak jacket clearly marked with continued to fire upon them. The two the letters “TV” when he was killed by journalists remained in the building a single shot to the head by an Israeli entrance, unable to get to a hospital. sniper. He estimates that more than 25 minutes passed before Zahra was Country: PALESTINE helped into a taxi and taken to Jenin CASENR: 28 Hospital, where he died the following Name: Imad Abu Zahra morning. Nationality: Palestinian Additional: Abu Zahra also worked Profession: Freelance Photographer with foreign journalists, helping to News organ: arrange interviews, transportation and Sector: translations. Date: 12 July 2002 Age: 35 Country: PALESTINE Source: RSF, IFEX, CPJ, IPI, CASENR: 29 WAN Name: Issam Hamza Tillawi Description: Palestinian freelance Nationality: Palestinian photographer Imad Abu Zahra died on Profession: Journalist 12 July from gunshot wounds he News organ: Voice of Palestine sustained the previous day in the West Sector: Radio Bank town of Jenin. Dahla, a Date: 22 September 2002 photographer for the official Age: 30 Palestinian news agency WAFA who Source: IFJ, IFEX, PJS, WAN, was accompanying Abu Zahra, was IPI, RSF also wounded. Description: Palestinian journalist Residents had gone into the city center Issam Hamza Tillawi, working for of Jenin on 11 July, after Israeli forces Voice of Palestine radio, was shot dead lifted a curfew that had been in effect while he was working in Ramallah. He since June 21. died immediately from a single Wearing clothing identifying them as gunshot wound. The incident took press, Dahla and Zahra went into the place, says the Palestinian Journalists middle of a road to photograph an Syndicate, during a peaceful public Israeli armored personnel carrier protest over the Israeli isolation of (APC) that had slammed into an President Yasser Arafat, which electricity pole. Dahla said that he and gathered several thousands of people. Zahra were alone in the street at this Tellawe was wearing a press jacket, point, facing two Israeli tanks (near the thus clearly identified as a civilian APC) that he estimated to be about 40 working journalist. meters (44 yards) in front of them. According to Dahla, moments after the Country: PAPUA NEW two began taking photographs, a hail GUINEA of gunfire erupted from one of the CASENR: 30 tanks. Dahla said he was hit in the leg Name: Ben Taumai with shrapnel. Dahla said he then Nationality: Papuan looked over at Zahra and saw that he Profession: Journalist/Stringer had also been injured in his thigh and News organ: PNGFM, National was bleeding profusely. Sector: Radio/Press Date: 14 December 2002

15 Age: Bad weather and difficult terrain meant Source: Associated Press that rescue teams were not able to Description: A plane making an reach the area until 11 December. inaugural flight from a Papua New The dead were Renzo Uccelli, a Guinea airstrip slammed into a cliff renowned photographer and mountain minutes after takeoff, killing all eight climber who collaborated on occasion on board. The accident followed the opening of a with The Associated Press; Miguel new airstrip in the rugged Finisterre Stein, a free-lance cameraman who Mountains about 500 kilometers (310 worked with CNN; cameraman Mark miles) northeast of the national capital Goicochea and Tedy Reategui, who Port Moresby. The plane was heading piloted the plane. to the provincial capital, Madang, According to local press, the four had when it plowed into the cliff. been contracted by U.S. Maple Gas Among those dead in the crash on the Corp. to film and photograph the area north-western Rai Coast area on 14 where the company is working. December 2002 were Madang Deputy President Alejandro Toledo expressed Governor Joe Tola, former Rai Coast his “deepest sympathy” for the families MP Stahl Musa and radio journalist Ben Taumai. of the men and said an exhibit of Taumai, who was covering the deputy Uccelli's photographs would be held in governor's entourage, started as a news the government palace. stringer when he was an information officer with the Department of Madang Country: PERU in the mid 1980s. CASENR: 32 He supplied broadcast and print news Name: Miguel Stein to the then Niugini Nius newspaper, Nationality: Peruvian published in Lae, and FM100. Profession: Freelance Cameraman Taumai eventually became a notable News organ: stringer in Papua New Guinea and at Sector: the time of his death was stringing for Date: 7 December 2002 both PNGFM Pty Ltd and the National Age: newspaper. Source: Associated Press Description: Three journalists and a Country: PERU pilot died when a light aircraft crashed CASENR: 31 in Peru's North Eastern jungle on 7 Name: Renzo Uccelli December. Nationality: Peruvian Bad weather and difficult terrain meant Profession: Photographer that rescue teams were not able to News organ: reach the area until 11 December. Sector: The dead were Renzo Uccelli, a Date: 7 December 2002 renowned photographer and mountain Age: Source: Associated Press climber who collaborated on occasion Description: Three journalists and a with The Associated Press; Miguel pilot died when a light aircraft crashed Stein, a free-lance cameraman who in Peru's North Eastern jungle on 7 worked with CNN; cameraman Mark December. Goicochea and Tedy Reategui, who piloted the plane.

16 According to local press, the four had province, the 22-year-old journalist been contracted by U.S. Maple Gas was reportedly shot dead along with Corp. to film and photograph the area three local young people by soldiers of where the company is working. the Philippine army. The official autopsy showed that

Hernandez was killed at close range. Country: PERU She had been shot in the head, neck, CASENR: 33 chest and hand. The army said the four Name: Mark Goicochea were caught in crossfire between Nationality: Peruvian troops and rebels, but Hernandez's Profession: Cameraman friends said she was wounded and then News organ: executed by the soldiers. Sector: Hernandez, who previously ran the Date: 7 December 2002 student newspaper Atenews at Ateneo Age: University in Davao, had recently Source: Associated Press joined Karapatan, a human rights Description: Three journalists and a organisation. She continued writing for pilot died when a light aircraft crashed university publications in the region in Peru's North Eastern jungle on 7 and was vice-president for Mindanao December. of the Philippines College Editors' Bad weather and difficult terrain meant Guild. that rescue teams were not able to reach the area until 11 December. Country: PHILIPPINES The dead were Renzo Uccelli, a CASENR: 35 renowned photographer and mountain Name: Edgar Damalerio climber who collaborated on occasion Nationality: Filipino with The Associated Press; Miguel Profession: Journalist Stein, a free-lance cameraman who News organ: DXKP Sector: Radio worked with CNN; cameraman Mark Date: 13 May 2002 Goicochea and Tedy Reategui, who Age: 38 piloted the plane. Source: RSF, IFEX, CPJ, CJFE, According to local press, the four had WAN, Freedom Forum, IPI, CMFR been contracted by U.S. Maple Gas Description: Edgar Damalerio, Corp. to film and photograph the area managing editor of the weekly where the company is working. newspaper Zamboanga Scribe and a commentator on DXKP radio station in Country: PHILIPPINES Pagadian City on the island of CASENR: 34 Mindanao was shot by an unidentified Name: Benjaline Hernandez gunman in his jeep as he was driving Nationality: Filipino home from a press conference in Profession: Journalist Pagadian City. He was killed by a News organ: Atenews single gunshot wound to his left torso. Sector: Press Two witnesses riding in Damalerio's Date: 5 April 2002 jeep said the gunman, who was on a Age: 22 motorcycle driven by another Source: RSF, IFEX, IPI, WAN unidentified male, was waiting Description: While investigating alongside the road as Damalerio implementation of the peace process in approached. The assailants fled the the Arakan Valley, in Cotabato scene.

17 Damalerio was known for his critiques that they believe at least one of corruption among local politicians accomplice informed the gunman by and the police. cell phone of Alcantara's departure On 14 May, an unidentified male made from his home at about 10 a.m. on threatening phone calls to the offices August 22. of the Zamboanga Scribe implying that Police said that they believe it is likely the staff of the newspaper was in that Alcantara, a newspaper publisher danger. and cable TV commentator, was killed Additional: On 10 August Gury because of his work as a journalist. Ladica, a protected witness in the 13 May murder of journalist Edgar Country: RUSSIA Damalerio in Pagadia was killed. The CASENR: 37 Pagadian chief of police and a police Name: Natalia Skryl officer are the prime suspects in Nationality: Russian Damalerio's death. Ladica was one of Profession: Journalist three witnesses who had testified to the News organ: Nashe Vremia National Bureau of Investigation in Sector: Press Manila. Date: 9 March 2002 The other two witnesses, who were Age: 29 with Damalerio in his vehicle at the Source: RSF, CPJ, IFEX, WAN, time of time of his death fear for their CJFE, IPI, Freedom Forum lives. One of them, Edgar Amoro, has Description: Natalya Skryl, a turned down the offer of a police business reporter working for the officer as bodyguard, but has accepted Nashe Vremya newspaper in the city of the protection of a civilian volunteer. Rostov-on-Don in southwestern Damalerio's family, in particular his Russia, died on 9 March from head widow, have gone into hiding in the injuries sustained during an attack the Pagadian region for fear of reprisals. night before. On 26 August there was an attempted Just before her death, the journalist kidnapping of Rosalie Ungue, the wife was investigating an ongoing struggle of one of the key witnesses in the for the control of Tagmet, a local murder of journalist Edgar Damalerio, metallurgical plant. Nashe Vremya just two weeks after the murder of editor-in-chief Vera Yuzhanskaya another key witness. believes that Skryl's death was related to her professional activities. Country: PHILIPPINES Late on the evening of March 8, Skryl CASENR: 36 was returning to her home in the town Name: Sonny Alcantara of Taganrog, just outside Rostov-on- Nationality: Filipino Don, when she was attacked from Profession: Journalist behind and struck in the head some News organ: /Kokus dozen times with a heavy, blunt object. Sector: TV/Press The Taganrog prosecutor's office has Date: 22 August 2002 opened an investigation into the case Age: 51 and is currently reviewing Skryl's Source: IPI, IFEX, WAN, CJFE, notebooks, audio recordings and CPJ, Freedom Forum computer diskettes, as well as Description: Sonny Alcantara was interviewing her colleagues. killed when a lone gunman shot him in The investigators have ruled out the forehead near his home as he was robbery as a motive, given that Skryl riding a motorcycle. Investigators said

18 was carrying jewelry and a large sum their aircraft crashed. Lebed and six of cash that were not taken. other passengers also died. The helicopter was flying in poor Country: RUSSIA weather conditions and crashed after CASENR: 38 hitting a power line. One of the pilots Name: Sergei Kalinovsky who was hospitalized said the crew Nationality: Russian had been using an outdated map that Profession: Editor-in-Chief did not have the power line on it. News organ: Moskovsky Komsomolets Country: RUSSIA Sector: Press CASENR: 40 Date: 1 April 2002 Name: Igor Gareyev Age: 26 Nationality: Russian Source: CPJ, IFEX, Freedom Profession: Journalist Forum, WAN, CJFE, IPI, RSF News organ: Krasnoyarsk Regional Description: The body of 26-year-old Broadcasting Company Sergei Kalinovsky, editor-in-chief of Sector: TV the daily Moskovsky Komsomolets, was Date: 28 April 2002 found by a lake outside the city of Age: Smolensk in central Russia. Source: CPJ, IFEX, Freedom Kalinovsky, who reported on local Forum, IPI politics and crime for the Smolensk Description: Journalists travelling with edition of the Moscow daily and the Krasnoyarsk governor Aleksandr local SCS television station, Lebed and other regional officials to disappeared on the evening of the opening ceremony of a new December 14, 2001. downhill ski slope were killed when Local police have opened a criminal their aircraft crashed. Lebed and six investigation and are considering other passengers also died. several possible motives for the The helicopter was flying in poor murder, but the journalist's colleagues weather conditions and crashed after believe Kalinovsky was killed for his hitting a power line. One of the pilots reporting. who was hospitalized said the crew had been using an outdated map that Country: RUSSIA did not have the power line on it. CASENR: 39 Name: Natalya Pivovarova Country: RUSSIA Nationality: Russian CASENR: 41 Profession: Journalist Name: Konstantin Stepanov News organ: Channel 7 Nationality: Russian Sector: TV Profession: Journalist Date: 28 April 2002 News organ: Segodnyashnyaya Age: Gazeta Source: CPJ, IFEX, Freedom Sector: Press Forum, IPI Date: 28 April 2002 Description: Journalists travelling Age: with Krasnoyarsk governor Aleksandr Source: CPJ, IFEX, Freedom Lebed and other regional officials to Forum, IPI the opening ceremony of a new Description: Journalists travelling downhill ski slope were killed when with Krasnoyarsk governor Aleksandr Lebed and other regional officials to

19 the opening ceremony of a new and Russian forces in , a downhill ski slope were killed when region that borders Chechnya. The their aircraft crashed. Lebed and six fierce battles there are part of a other passengers also died. widening war in Chechnya, one of the The helicopter was flying in poor riskiest conflicts for journalists to weather conditions and crashed after cover. hitting a power line. One of the pilots The cameraman and reporter's full who was hospitalized said the crew name was Gervase Roderick John had been using an outdated map that Scott. On 26 September, Russian did not have the power line on it. forces in Ingushetia found the body of a man carrying a video camera, Country: RUSSIA cassettes and a British passport with CASENR: 42 that name among dozens of dead Name: Valery Ivanov rebels. He was believed to have died a Nationality: Russian short time before he was found. Profession: Editor-in-Chief Additional: Frontline Television News News organ: Tolyattinskoye Ltd., a British company that provides Obozreniye free-lance TV crews to international Sector: Press broadcasters, praised Scott for his Date: 29 April 2002 devotion. Age: 33 "Roddy was a tenacious, courageous Source: CJES, Freedom Forum, reporter," said Vaughan Smith, director IPI, WAN, CPJ, RSF, CJFE, EJC of Frontline Television, which had Description: A gunman killed Valery used footage he shot around the world Ivanov, Editor-in-Chief of the for about six years. Tolyattinskoye Obozreniye newspaper, "Roddy Scott went to Chechnya with several pistol shots outside because he felt the international press, Ivanov's house. An investigation is because of the risks involved, had not underway. Ivanov's colleagues are in given the story enough attention," no doubt that this is a contract killing Smith said. "He made a risk because of Ivanov’s investigative assessment, as we do, and had decided journalism into corruption among city that he was prepared to take the officials and the activities of drugs apparent risks." traffickers. Country: UGANDA Country: RUSSIA (Ingushetia) CASENR: 44 CASENR: 43 Name: Jimmy Higenyi Name: Roddy Scott Nationality: Ugandan Nationality: British Profession: Journalist Student Profession: Freelance Cameraman News organ: United Media News organ: Frontline TV Consultants and Trainers Institute Sector: TV Sector: Date: 26 September 2002 Date: 12 January 2002 Age: 31 Age: Source: CPJ, RSF, IFJ, IFEX, Source: IFEX, RSF, WAN, CPJ, Freedom Forum, IPI, WAN, IAGJ, Freedom Forum EJC Description: Jimmy Higenyi, a Description: Roddy Scott is believed journalism student at the United Media to have been killed while covering Institute, was shot to death by Ugandan th fighting between Chechen insurgents police on January 12 in downtown

20 Kampala. He was covering a political accident while attending a union- rally for a class reporting assignment. backed seminar near Lusaka. A police officer panicked as the crowd grew animated and fired several rounds of live ammunition, killing Jimmy Total Journalists Killed 46 instantly with one bullet through the chest. It was the journalist’s first assignment.

Country: VENEZUELA CASENR: 45 Name: Jorge Tortoza Nationality: Venezuelan Profession: Photographer News organ: 2001 Sector: Press Date: 11 April 2002 Age: Source: IFJ, ANP, IFEX, CPJ, CJFE, IAPA, Freedom Forum, IPI, WAN, RSF Description: Jorge Tortoza, a news photographer for the daily newspaper 2001, was reportedly shot in the head by an army sniper firing from the roof of city hall in downtown Caracas, the capital, while covering violent clashes between supporters of President Chávez and opposition demonstrators during the third day of a nationwide strike. Three other journalists were injured while reporting on the protests.

Country: ZAMBIA CASENR: 46 Name: Angels Banda Nationality: Zambian Profession: Journalist News organ: Zambia Daily Mail Sector: Press Date: 5 July 2002 Age: Source: IFJ, SAJA Description: Angels Banda, journalist for the Zambia Daily Mail, President of the Zambian Union of Journalists and President of the Southern Africa Journalists Association, was killed in a car

21 Cases of Mediaworkers Killed Nationality: Colombian Profession: Distributor News organ: El Nuevo Dia Country: COLOMBIA Sector: Press CASENR: 1 Date: 13 July 2002 Name: Walter Lopez Age: Nationality: Colombian Source: FLIP, RSF, IFEX, IPI Profession: Driver Description: Elizabeth Obando, who News organ: RCN was responsible for the distribution of Sector: TV the regional newspaper El Nuevo Día Date: 11 April 2002 in Roncesvalles municipality, Tolima Age: 39 department, died on 13 July as a result Source: IFJ, CPJ, RSF, IFEX, of injuries sustained at a roadblock. On IAPA, IPI, WAN 11 July, Obando was travelling on a Description: A RCN Television news bus in Playarrica when delinquents crew came under fire on 11 April in a intercepted the vehicle, forced her to mountainous region outside the get out and minutes later shot her southwestern city of Cali where the several times. Angela Yesenia Bríñez, army was pursuing fighters from the the municipality's spokesperson, was Revolutionary Armed Forces of also killed. Colombia (FARC). The rebels had just Obando was transferred to Federico kidnapped 13 provincial lawmakers Lleras Hospital in Ibagué, where she and four aides and were apparently died two days later. The 21st division seeking refuge when the army of the Revolutionary Armed Forces of launched an operation to free the Colombia (Fuerzas Armadas captives. Revolucionarias de Colombia, FARC) The journalists had decided to turn guerrillas is active in Playarrica and back when an army helicopter therefore it is believed that the group hovering above opened fire on their was responsible for the attack. vehicle. The letters "RCN" were The incident is apparently related to a marked in large, bright colors on the public confrontation between a leader roof and both sides of the vehicle. of the FARC's 21st division, and A bullet pierced the roof and tore Obando. A 21 September 2001 article through the crew’s driver, Walter published in El Nuevo Día condemned López's arm and into his body, killing the FARC for carrying out "de facto him instantly. agrarian reform" in Roncesvalles Fifteen minutes after López was shot, a municipality. In addition, the article bullet from the helicopter ripped alleged that the guerrillas were through cameraman Hector Sandoval's blackmailing the population and left leg, he died the next day. recruiting local youth. The army has opened an investigation The guerrilla leader reproached into the killings, said an army Obando for the contents of the article spokesman in Bogotá, the capital, who in a confrontation in the Roncesvalles asked to remain anonymous. town square. Subsequently, in a 3 Walter Lopez had worked for RCN for March letter, Obando informed El nine years and had two children. Nuevo Día that the FARC had warned her to stop distributing the newspaper Country: COLOMBIA or "suffer the consequences." CASENR: 2 As a result of these threats, the El Name: Elizabeth Obando Nuevo Día management decided to

22 suspend the newspaper's distribution in The journalists were working on a Roncesvalles. documentary for Japanese television. Road accidents in the mountain areas Country: PAKISTAN of northern Pakistan are not CASENR: 3 uncommon. The road where the Name: Taro Takeuchi accident took place is an ancient route Nationality: Japanese that goes up to Pakistan's northern Profession: Soundman border with China. News organ: NHK Sector: TV Date: 25 October 2002 Country: PERU Age: 28 CASENR: 5 Source: Associated Press Name: Tedy Reategui Description: Three members of a Nationality: Peruvian Profession: Pilot Japanese television crew and a News organ: Pakistani driver were killed in a road Sector: accident in a remote northern area of Date: 7 December 2002 Pakistan. Age: The journalists were working on a Source: Associated Press documentary for Japanese television. Description: Three journalists and a Road accidents in the mountain areas pilot died when a light aircraft crashed of northern Pakistan are not in Peru's North Eastern jungle on 7 uncommon. The road where the December. accident took place is an ancient route The dead were Renzo Uccelli, a that goes up to Pakistan's northern renowned photographer and mountain border with China. climber who collaborated on occasion with The Associated Press; Miguel Country: PAKISTAN Stein, a free-lance cameraman who CASENR: 4 worked with CNN; cameraman Mark Name: Goicochea and Tedy Reategui, who Nationality: Pakistani piloted the plane. Profession: Driver According to local press, the four had News organ: Sector: been contracted by U.S. Maple Gas Date: 25 October 2002 Corp. to film and photograph the area Age: where the company is working. Source: Associated Press Description: Three members of a Japanese television crew and a Total Mediaworkers Killed: 5 Pakistani driver were killed in a road accident in a remote northern area of Pakistan. The accident occurred on Korakoram Highway, 60 kilometers (37 miles) from the small town of Gilgit when their car veered out of control and plunged into a deep ravine.

23 Cases Under Investigation Country: BANGLADESH CASENR: 3 Country: ARMENIA Name: Syed Farroque Ahmed CASENR: 1 Nationality: Bangladeshi Name: Tigran Nagdalian Profession: Editor Nationality: Armenian News organ: Pubali Barta Profession: Journalist Sector: Press News organ: Armenian Public Date: 3 August 2002 Television Age: Sector: TV Source: RSF, WAN, IFEX, Date: 28 December 2002 BJFR Age: 36 Description: Syed Farroque Ahmed, Source: WAN, IFEX, CPJ the editor of a local publication, Pubali Description: Tigran Nagdalian, the Barta, who had been missing for more 36-year-old head of the state-owned than two months, was found dead on 3 Armenian Public Television, was shot August in Srimangal, south-eastern in the head as he was leaving his Bangladesh. There is no clear parents home in Armenia's capital, information indicating he was killed Yerevan, on 28 December. The because of his journalistic work. journalist was rushed to a hospital, where he died during emergency Country: BRAZIL surgery. CASENR: 4 The motive for the murder remains Name: unclear. Nagdalian, also hosted a Nationality: weekly news program on Armenian Profession: Journalists Public Television and worked for the News organ: Armenian service of the U.S. Sector: government-funded Radio Free Date: 27 January 2002 Europe/Radio Liberty from 1995 to Age: 1997. Source: Reuters Description: A boat carrying more Country: ANGOLA than 100 people hit a moored ferry on CASENR: 2 the night of 27 January. Name: The vessel, which was on its way to a Nationality: Angolans political rally, sank within minutes. Profession: Journalists Seven bodies were recovered, and News organ: fifteen other people were missing. Sector: The dead are said to include two Date: 2 June 2002 journalists from a group who were Age: accompanying politicians to the rally. Source: Associated Press The accident happened near the Description: A Helicopter crash Amazonian town of Laranjal do Jari, killed 25 people on 2 June, including a about 2,000 miles (3,200 km) north of top Angolan General. Three journalists Sao Paulo. accompanying the military helicopter Local people helped with rescue also died in the crash. The helicopter operations as it took the authorities was heading to a demobilization camp several hours to get to the remote spot. where UNITA troops were handing over arms as part of the peace process. Country: COLOMBIA

24 CASENR: 5 Nationality: Colombian Name: Esau Jaramillo Profession: Editor Montano News organ: Horizonte Sabanero Nationality: Colombian Sector: Press Profession: Journalist Date: 12 July 2002 News organ: Caracol Radio Age: 44 Sector: Radio Source: FLIP, IPYS, CPJ, IFEX, Date: 19 January 2002 RSF, IPI, WAN, IAPA, CJFE, WiPC Age: Description: Mario Prada Diaz, Source: WAN, IAPA, IFEX, editor of the monthly Horizonte IPYS Sabanero, was abducted from his Description: Esaú Jaramillo house in the municipality of Sabana de Montaña, a sports broadcaster for Torres, Santander department, on 11 Caracol Radio in the capital, Bogotá, July. His body was found with several was found stabbed to death in his gunshot wounds to the head alongside apartment. There is no known motive a highway not far from his house on for the slaying. Neighbours told July 12. The motive for the killing authorities that two men, both drunk, remains unknown. visited the journalist in his apartment the night before his body was found. Country: COLOMBIA Jaramillo had been a sports broadcaster CASENR: 8 since 1964 and founded a magazine Name: Dennis Segundo about basketball called Bajo la cesta Sanchez Nationality: Colombian Country: COLOMBIA Profession: Journalist CASENR: 6 News organ: Estereo Name: Victor Omar Acosta Sector: Radio Nationality: Colombian Date: 17 July 2002 Profession: Journalist Age: 42 News organ: Source: IPI, WAN, IFEX, RSF, Sector: IPYS, FLIP Date: 14 May 2002 Description: Dennis Segundo Age: 45 Sanchez, a journalist for the local radio Source: IPI, IPYS, IFEX, WiPC station 95.5 Estereo, was murdered Description: Victor Omar Acosta, a while at home with his wife in El former correspondent for a number of Carmen de Bolívar, Bolívar Colombian newspapers and radio department. A gunman shot the stations, was shot three times by journalist four times in the head before unidentified gunmen in the city of fleeing, sources said. Segundo Sánchez Yumbo, Valle del Cauca department. hosted a radio programme dealing with Although Acosta had not worked as a health issues and had received no journalist for more than two years, his threats. family believes that the attack may have been linked to his previous Country: COLOMBIA reporting on local corruption. CASENR: 9 Name: Gimbler Perdomo Country: COLOMBIA Zamora CASENR: 7 Nationality: Colombian Name: Mario Prada Diaz Profession: Journalist News organ: Panorama Stereo

25 Sector: Radio August, the National Media Institute of Date: 1 December 2002 South Africa claimed to have Age: discovered a UDF plot to attack Source: FLIP, IFEX, IPI, IPYS, journalists of the Daily Times, Weekly RSF, IAPA, WAN Chronicle, Pride and the BBC because Description: Gimbler Perdomo they had accused the UDF of intending Zamora, owner and manager of the to change the constitution to allow radio station Panorama Stereo, was President Bakili Muluzi to run for a assassinated in Gigante, Huila third term in 2004. department. Perdomo and his wife were walking home when they were Country: MEXICO stopped by two individuals on a CASENR: 11 motorcycle who fired seven shots at Name: Jose Miranda Virgen the couple, killing the journalist Nationality: Mexican instantly and injuring his wife. Profession: Journalist Perdomo founded Panorama Stereo, News organ: El Sur de Veracruz Gigante's only radio station, in 1999. Sector: Press He had been the station's news director Date: 16 October 2002 since July 26 and also served as a town Age: councillor in Gigante three times. Source: RSF, WAN, IFEX, IPI, SNRPTASC Country: MALAWI Description: José Miranda Virgen, CASENR: 10 journalist and vice-president of the Name: Don Kulapani daily El Sur de Veracruz, was fatally Nationality: Malawan injured when an explosion destroyed Profession: Freelance Journalist part of his apartment on 15 October. News organ: The Chronicle The journalist died on the following Sector: Press day. The authorities said the explosion Date: 8 August 2002 was an accident caused by a gas leak Age: but the local press questioned this Source: RSF, IFEX, WAN, allegation. El Sur de Veracruz general CJFE director, noted that Miranda Virgen Description: Freelance journalist, had recently published a series of Don Kulapani, who used to work for articles on alleged links between drug The Chronicle newspaper, was killed traffickers and state police officers. during a hold-up at a bar in the capital, Lilongwe. The killing coincided with Country: MOROCCO recent attacks on journalists by the CASENR: 12 ruling United Democratic Front (UDF) Name: Jose Luis Percebal party. Four armed men burst in the bar Nationality: Spanish and opened fire. They shot the Profession: Journalist journalist and subsequently stabbed News organ: Cadena Cope him many times. Sector: Radio Kulapani died as a result of his Date: 12 February 2002 injuries. The journalist's death follows Age: 47 the release of a statement by the ruling Source: WAN, CPJ, IFEX, IPI UDF denying media claims that it had Description: José Luis Percebal was organised a unit tasked with silencing a correspondent for the independent investigative journalists who Spanish radio Cadena Cope. He was “embarrass” the government. In early found dead in his home on February 12

26 in Rabat. Percebal had been stabbed in transferred all of Gostini dvor's shares the back, apparently the day before. into their own bank accounts and His cell phone was missing. The police started proceedings to shut down the have not yet established a motive for newspaper. Plotnikov had won a court the murder. case against them and was trying to regain his shares. Country: RUSSIA CASENR: 13 Country: RWANDA Name: Valery Batuyev CASENR: 15 Nationality: Russian Name: Jean-Marie Profession: Journalist Hategekimana News organ: Moskovskiye Novosti Nationality: Rwandan Sector: Press Profession: Date: 31 March 2002 News organ: Imvaho Age: 33 Sector: Press Source: Associated Press, GDF, Date: 11 March 2002 EJC, Radio Free Europe Age: Description: Valery Batuyev, Source: RSF, IFEX, EJC military correspondent for Description: Jean-Marie Moskovskiye Novosti, was found dead Hategekimana, from the government with stab wounds and signs of weekly Imvaho, was murdered on the strangulation, in his apartment. night of 11 to 12 March in a bar in Batuyev, who had previously worked Kigali's Gatenga quarter, along with for Argumenty i Fakty and Moskovsky three other individuals. The journalist Komsomolets, specialized in reporting was talking with the three persons, on trouble zones such as Chechnya and including an official from the Ibuka had recently returned from Georgia's group of genocide survivors' Pankisi Gorge, where al-Qaida-linked associations, when two gunmen burst fighters are allegedly present. into the bar and tried to rob them. They subsequently shot the journalist and his Country: RUSSIA three companions. The four victims CASENR: 14 were pronounced dead on arrival in Name: Aleksandr Plotnikov hospital. Nationality: Russian There is no indication so far as to Profession: Owner whether Hategekimana, was especially News organ: Gostini Dvor targeted or shot because he was a Sector: Press journalist. Date: 19 May 2002 Age: Country: UKRAINE/BELARUS Source: IPI, EJC, Radio Free CASENR: 16 Europe, RSF, CJFE, IFEX, WAN Name: Mikhailo Kolomiets Description: Aleksandr Plotnikov co- Nationality: Ukrainian owner of the regional newspaper, Profession: Gostini dvor, was shot dead in Tumen, News organ: Ukrainsky Novyny Siberia, in what appeared to be a Sector: Agency financial dispute among the daily's Date: October 2002 proprietors. Investigators believe he Age: 44 was murdered by hired assassins. A Source: RSF, IFEX, IPI, WAN, short time before the murder, the CPJ newspaper's other co-owners

27 Description: Mikhailo Kolomiets, founder and director of the independent news agency Ukrainsky Novyny was found hanged in neighbouring Belarus on 30 October. He had been reported missing since October 21. Colleagues and relatives refuse to believe that he committed suicide and expressed concern that his death could be connected to his critical coverage of the Ukrainian government.

Total Cases Under Investigation 19

28 List of Sources

AIJ Association of Iranian Journalists AJI Aliansi Jurnalis Independen ANP Asociacion Nacional de Periodistas del Peru Arab Press Freedom Watch Associated Press BJRF Bangladesh journalists’ Rights Forum CEHURDES Centre for Human Rights and Democratic Studies CENSOS Centro Nacional de Communicacion Social CJES Centre for Journalism in Extreme Situations CJFE Canadian Journalists for Free Expression CMFR Center for Media Freedom and Responsibility CPJ Committee to Protect Journalists EJC European Journalism Center FENAJ Federacao Nacional do Jornalistas FLIP Fundacion para la Libertad de Prensa FNJ Federation of Nepal Journalists FNSI Federazione Nazionale della Stampa Italiana Freedom Forum FH Freedom House GDF Glasnost Defence Foundation IAGJ Independent Association of Georgian Journalists IAPA Inter American Press Association IFEX International Freedom of Expression Exchange IFJ International Federation of Journalists IJU Indian Journalists’ Union IPI International Press Institute IPYS Instituto Prenso y Sociedad Media Watch NPU Nepalese Press Union NUJI National Union of Journalists India NUJN National Union of Journalists Nepal Periodistas PFC Periodistas Frente a la Corrupcion PJS Palestinian Journalists Sindicate PPF Pakistan Press Foundation Radio Free Europe Radio Liberty Reuters RSF Reporters sans Frontières RUJ Russian Union of Journalists SAJA Southern Africa Journalists Association SNRPTASC Sindicato Nacional de Redactores de la Prensa y Trabajadores de Actividades Similares y Conexes SPP Sindicato de Periodistas del Paraguay TNG-CWA The Newspaper Guild - CWA WAN World Association of Newspapers WiPC Writers in Prison Committee WPFC World Press Freedom Committee

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International Code of Practice for the Safe Conduct of Journalism

The dangers posed to journalists and media staff working in dangerous situations and conflict zones are the subject of extensive record. The IFJ has recorded the deaths of more than 1000 journalists and media staff over the past ten years.

Many journalists are killed, injured or harassed in war zones, either targeted by one side or another or caught in the crossfire of violence. Others are the victims of premeditated assault and intimidation either by criminals, terrorists or by agencies of the state – the police, the military or the security forces – acting secretly and illegally.

Very often there is little that journalists or media organisations can do to avoid casualties. There will, inevitably, be accidents, no matter how much care is taken to provide protection and there is little one can do when those targeting media use ruthless and brutal methods to crush journalistic inquiry.

However, there are steps that journalists and media organisations should take to minimise the risks to staff. In particular, the following are vital considerations in providing protection:

Adequate preparation, training and social protection. It is essential that journalists and media staff be in a state of readiness when difficulties arise. There should be a framework for providing individuals with health care and social protection.

Media professionals must be informed and inform themselves about the political, physical, and social terrain in which they are working. They must not contribute to the uncertainty and insecurity of their conditions through ignorance or reckless behaviour.

Media organisations must guard against risk-taking for competitive advantage, and should promote co-operation among journalists whenever conditions exist which are potentially hazardous.

Governments must remove obstacles to journalism. They must not restrict unnecessarily the freedom of movement of journalists or compromise the right of news media to gather, produce and disseminate information in secure and safe conditions.

People Must Keep Their Hands Off Media. Everyone should respect the physical integrity of journalists and media staff at work. Physical interference with filming or other journalistic work must be prohibited.

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With these considerations in mind, the IFJ calls on journalists groups, media organisations and all relevant public authorities to respect the following International Code of Practice for the Safe Conduct of Journalism:

1. Journalists and other media staff shall be properly equipped for all assignments including the provision of first-aid materials, communication tools, adequate transport facilities and, where necessary, protective clothing;

2. Media organisations and, where appropriate, state authorities shall provide risk-awareness training for those journalists and media workers who are likely to be involved in assignments where dangerous conditions prevail or may be reasonably expected;

3. Public authorities shall inform their personnel of the need to respect the rights of journalists and shall instruct them to respect the physical integrity of journalists and media staff while at work.

4. Media organisations shall provide social protection for all staff engaged in journalistic activity outside the normal place of work, including life insurance;

5. Media organisations shall provide, free of charge, medical treatment and health care, including costs of recuperation and convalescence, for journalists and media workers who are the victims of injury or illness as a result of their work outside the normal place of work;

6. Media organisations shall protect freelance or part-time employees. They must receive, on an equal basis, the same social protection and access to training and equipment as that made available to fully employed staff.

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