20758 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE July 24, 1969 Printing-cost estimate-Oontinued the House of Representatives (25 per Mem­ today, it stand in adjournment until 12 Volume 2: ber), and 5,150 copies for the use of the Sen­ o'clock noon tomorrow. Back to press, first 1,000 copies_ $1, 165. 44 ate (50 per Member). The copies of the docu­ The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without 4 ,000 additional copies, at $336.- ment would be prorated to Members of the objection, it is so ordered. 33 per thousand ______1,345.32 Senate and House of Representatives for a period of 60 days, after which the unused Total estimated cost, vol- balances would be distributed by the respec­ LATEST AMERICAN CASUALTIES unie 2------2,510.76 tive Senate and House document rooms. House Concurrent Resolution 291 would IN VIETNAM also authorize the printing of President Nix­ Mr. GORE. Mr. President, I have been PRINTING OF INAUGURAL on's inaugural address as a separate pam­ phlet, in such quantity needed to serve as making weekly inquiries as to the num­ ADDRESSES inserts for the existing number of copies of ber of casualties w~ are suffering in The concurrent resolution (H. Con. the former edition (through President John­ Vietnam. Res. 291) to provide for the printing of son) still available for sale to the publi~ The Department of Defense reports inaugural addresses from President by the Superintendent of Documents. that for the week ending July 19, 1969, George Washington to President Rich­ we suffered 182 killed by hostile action, ard M. Nixon was considered and agreed 39 killed by nonhostile action, and 1,405 ORDER OF BUSINESS wounded, making a total of 1,626 casu­ to. alties last week. Mr. BYRD of West Virginia. Mr. Pres­ Mr. BYRD of West Virginia. Mr. Presi­ ident, I ask unanimous consent to have dent, I suggest the absence o.f a quorum. This brings the total of casualties suf­ printed in the RECORD an excerpt from The PRESIDING OFFICER. The clerk fered in Vietnam since the inauguration the report (No. 91-334), explaining the will call the roll. of President Nixon to in excess of 51,000. purposes of the resolution. The bill clerk proceeded to call the roll. There being no objection, the excerpt My BYRD of West Virginia. Mr. Presi­ ADJOURNMENT was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, dent, I ask unanimous consent that the as follows: order for the quorum call be rescinded. Mr. BYRD of West Virginia. Mr. Pres­ House Concurrent Resolution 291 would The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without ident, if there be no further business to provide that a collection of inaugural ad­ objection, it is so ordered. oome before the Senate, I move, under dresses, from President George Washington the previous order, that the Senate to President Richard M. Nixon, compiled stand in adjournment until 12 o'clock from research volumes and State papers by noon tomorrow. the Legislative Reference Service, Library ORDER FOR ADJOURNMENT of Congress, be printed with mustrations as The motion was agreed to; and (at 4 a House document; and that 16,125 addition­ Mr. BYRD of West Virginia. Mr. Pres­ o'clock and 25 minutes p.m.> the Senate al copies of such document be printed, of ident, I ask unanimous consent that adjourned until tomorrow, Friday, July which 10,975 copies would be for the use of when the Senate completes its business 25, 1969, at 12 o'clock noon.

EXT1ENSIONS ·OF RE.MARKS "IMPOSSIBLE" MOON LANDING A Neil Armstrong came from a middle-class creating a. space agency and later as Vice fainily in a middle-American town in Ohio President and President. And another man VICTORY FOR MIDDLE AMERICA and never knew that he was "alienated" from called Richard Nixon was big enough to tell his fainily, has region, or even his flag. A Johnson so, in a telephone call from the HON. WILLIAM M. McCULLOCH strange sort of fellow for a thinking type-­ White House to that ranch in Texas. he fought without complaint in Korea. He Contributions scarcely less vital were made, OF OHIO spoke without "glamour" or "style" and even too, by John Kennedy, who had the vision IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES with a certain common touch. and the co.urage to go on while the new elite Thursday, July 24, 1969 Edwin Aldrin went aloft quite unashamed of his time was picking and carping and that he was taking along with him a Presby­ pointing to the undeniable, if also irrelevant, Mr. McCULLOCH. Mr. Speaker, since terian communion. Mike Collins, in the ho­ truth that there were still slums in this all men of good will are so happy, so vering Colunibia, was content to talk lan­ Nation. pleased, and rn grateful for the success­ guage far removed from the more ivied cant So, too, of the third man here, Richard ful conclusion of "the impossible achieve­ of our more ivied halls of learning, and even Nixon. Any one of these three harried Presi­ further removed from pretense and precious­ dents could so easily and so safely have run ment, the unimaginable voyage to the ness. away from this challenge of transcendental face of the moon," and the magnificent So removed, too, were all those fellows cost and risk and could have bought so much return to earth, a column by William S. down there in Houston, whose doctorates of in quick and cheap popularity by bellowing White, in the Washington Post of July philosophy did not alter their casual hu­ that he was prudently "saving" billions and 24, 1969, is particularly appropriate. manity, their inherent good taste and their was ready to pour them all out in a great, The column follows and I hope it is humility in the face of something approach­ benign fiood to cure all ills and discontents read not only in America, but all around ing the infinite. in this Nation. But, most of all, nobody involved in this Indeed, for years here in Washington the this world: mission of such unspeakable power and pur­ shortest way to promotion and pay among "IMPOSSIBLE" MOON .LANDING A VICTORY FOR pose and meaning felt it necessary to act the elite new leftists, short of being against MIDDLE .AMERICA with the arrogance of self-seeking, to press the war in Vietnam, was to make epigrams (By William S. White) forward at all costs with the promotion of at the expense of the space program, though The impossible achievement, the unimagi­ number one. not going quite so far as openly to obstruct nable voyage to the face of the moon, offers It was, come to think of it, a quiet vindica­ it, lest it might after all really work. this country the opportunity for a far better tion for many men who are very far from So, finally, whose triumph was all this? and far less abrasive life here on this earth chic by the standards of the intellectual It was a triumph of doing men over merely if only the human implications c-an be elite. One of these was a fellow called Lyn­ talking men; of plain, outlander types who grasped amidst the technological vastness of don Johnson, who not too long ago was driv­ would never be acceptable in the ultra-lib­ it all. en from officer by this self-same new leftist eral drawing romns; of men out there in the For not the least of the lessons of these new elite for lack of "style" and for persist­ hinterland who still believe there are such unique days in the story of the human race ing tn designs so big and dangerous, like the things as vital national interests and that is the profound proof that the heart of the moon search, as to be intolerable to minds it is not necessarily stupid to serve them. Nation is still strong and sound and that so oddly pre-occupied with the small and the mean. Where, indeed, lives the authentic intel­ at the end it ls the quiet, undemanding com­ lectual elite of this country? At least some petence and talents of simple and unaggres­ For it was Johnson, whatever his faults and shortcomings, who above all others made of them must be said to live and work a good sive Americans, and not really the petulant distance away, in every sense, from those posturings of a self-nominated "intellectual this adventure politically, administratively elite,'' that express the real America. and financially possible, first as a. Senator ultra-liberal drawing rooms. July 24, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 20759 POST OFFICE REFORM BILL Vietcong and the North Vietnamese, will occasion-at; the triumphant conclusion ever return. of 5 years of ceaseless, untiring effort. Recently I received a letter from the To guide an operation so complex and so HON. MARLOW W. COOK mother of one of these missing service­ large is a job which few men could suc­ men. She wrote: cessfully undertake: Sam Phillips could OF KENTUCKY and did. IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES My son has been listed as missing in ac­ tion since Oct. 17, 1967. We have never re­ He grew up in the vastness of Wyoming Thursday, July 24, 1969 ceived any news of his oonditton other than and when he left he took with him the Mr. COOK. Mr. President, I recently he was seen parachuting from his disabled straightforward manner and the method­ conducted a poll in my state to sample aircraft over North Vietnam, nor have we ical and .diligent approach to duty which received any mail from him, so we do not proved so important to the Apollo pro­ the feelings of my constituents in regard know if he is alive or dead. to the Post Office reform bill. The results gram. This was not the first task which of this survey might be of interest to She adds: General Phillips has done for his coun­ Senators. Therefore, I ask unanimous My son has a wife and four children, and try, however. consent that my press release of July 11, when the children ask grandma when is During World War II he was a fighter 1969, in this regard be printed in the daddy coming home, it just breaks my heart pilot in the Army Air Corps. When the not to have the answer. RECORD. cold war set in, he worked with the There being no objection, the press She closes with this appeal: various guided missile programs. In 1959 release was ordered to be printed in the Please urge the ones in authority in the he was appointed director of the Minute­ RECORD, as follows: Paris peace talks to make the release of these man program and proceeded so POST OFFICE REFORM BILL prisoners of war the highest priority. They efficiently and quickly that in 1963 he cannot wait until after final political solu­ was transferred to the manned space Kentucky's U.S. Senator Marlow Cook to­ tions in Vietnam are reached; to wait could day released the results of his poll on the flight program. Within a year Phillips mean the lives of these men. was the director of Apollo. Long before president's proposed post office reforms. Cook Please help in any way you can. said he received 3,700 replies to the 10,000 the tragic fire in 1967, he had seen the questionnaires mailed. I understand that more than 1,300 of need to tighten up the program. Unfor­ Of those answering 2,743 replied yes to our men are missing in action and that tunately, his recommendations went un­ the question "Do you favor President Nixon's many of these are believed captives of heeded until too late. policy of converting the Post Office Depart­ the Vietcong and the North Vietnamese. The fire had a sobering effect and Gen­ ment to a public corporation?" Cook said he decided to conduct the sur­ The release of Americans held by the eral Phillips revamped the program com­ vey, which was a sampling of all areas of Communists should be one of the first pletely. The result of his efforts may be Kentucky, "because I had reached no final considerations in the negotiation of an seen in the flawless conduct of all sub­ conclusions on the president's proposals and agreement to end the Vietnam conflict. sequent tests and flights. wanted to see how the people of Kentucky Today as we extend our appreciation felt." to the astronauts and all those who con­ Several of those who returned the ques­ tionnaire refused to answer either of the tributed to their achievement, we should two questions but just vote across the ques­ GEN. SAMUEL C. PHILLIPS: MODEST single out General Phillips, for his was tions "let's forget about domestic affairs and HERO OF THE APOLLO PROGRAM the central role. He is a self-effacing man get to work on getting our boys out of and his name has never been in the lime­ Vietnam." light, but he has been there all along The post office reform blll is in the House HON. JOHN WOLD and we are grateful that he has. I would now and probably won't come to the Senate OF WYOMING like to express my own thanks and con­ before August, the Senator said. The full results of the poll follows: IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES gratulations and I am sure that the Question 1: "Do you favor President Thursday, July 24, 1969 Congress and people of the United States Nixon's policy of taking politics out of the would also. postal system?" Mr. WOLD. Mr. Speaker, in all the an­ Mr. Speaker, I insert into the CONGRES­ nals of man's explorations, of all his SIONAL RECORD an article from the Wash­ Number voting: voyages to territories unknown and to 2,743 ington Post of July 18, 1969, and an Yes------~------regions previously unseen, there is noth­ editorial from the Wyoming State No ------435 ing to compare with the glory of this Tribune of July 11, 1969, commending Percentage: moment. The success of our astronauts General Phillips for a job well done. Yes------~---- 86.31 in blazing a trail to the moon may well [From the Washington Post, July 18, 1969) No. ------13.69 herald the dawn of an age of travel and Question 2: "Do you favor President growth as little dreamt of today as the HONESTY, DISTASTE FOR FANFARE MARK Nixon's policy of converting the Post Office industrial age was in the time of Christo­ APOLLO PROGRAM CHIE~ Department to a public corporation?" pher Columbus. From Marco Polo to Ad­ (By Thomas O'Toole) Number voting: miral Byrd, from Columbus to Lewis and HousToN, July 17-If Samuel Cochran Phillips were 10 years younger he probably Yes --~------2, 169 Clark, from Magellan to Charles Lind­ bergh, intrepidity has always been the wouldn't be Apollo program director-he No ------934 might be an astronaut on his way to the Percentage: hallmark of the pioneer. We have seen moon as an Apollo 11 crew member. Yes ------69.90 that hallmark emblazoned on the "If it files, I can fly it," PhiUips once said. No ------30.10 heavens this past week by the Apollo "I like to think I can fly anything." Some of those who answered the question­ team. Sam Phillips wasn't boasting. In his quiet naire did not respond to both questions. Unlike previous explorations, the moon Western way, he was just telling it as he landing involved more than solitary indi­ saw it, without fanfare and with complete viduals. This enterprise represented the honesty. commitment of an entire Nation. There That ls just the way he's been in his five are countless men who were essential to years as top man in the Apollo program. No FffiST PRIORITY-RELEASE OF fanfare. Complete honesty, no matter how it AMERICANS HELD BY VIETCONG the success of the mission, although they did not ride in the capsule itself. Fore­ might hurt. AND NORTH VIETNAMESE The flre that killed three Apollo astro­ most among these is Lt. Gen. Samuel C. nauts in 1967 hurt everybody in the pro­ Phillips, the director of the Apollo pro­ gram- -but nobody more than Phillips. HON. JAMES G. O'HARA gram and a native of Cheyenne. The quiet "He took it personally," one of his aides OF MICHIGAN and effective leadership of this man was said at the ti;me. "I've never seen a man drive IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of primary importance in the long cam­ himself the way Sam did when the smoke paign to place a man on the moon and of cleared." Thursday, July 24, 1969 the many who deserve the thanks of the While he immersed himself in work, peo­ Mr. O'HARA. Mr. Speaker, thousands Nation for this technological triumph, he ple heard little of him until Sen. Walter of Amerioan families face the cruel un­ is certainly one of the chief. Mondale (D-Minn.) mentioned his name at certainties each day, not knowing Sam Phillips has been a personal a Senate space committee hearing on the friend of mine and it gives me great fire. whether sons, husbands, and fathers, Mondale asked NASA Administrator James missing and believed captives of the pleasure to congratulate him on this 20760 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 24, 1969 E. Webb if he "knew anything about a Phil­ moonfiight project commencing next Wednes­ The feat was so astonishing that it lips Report." day that hopefully wm place a man on the tends to dwarf all other phenomena. The irony of it was that Webb hadn't but moon. And yet, it is nearly 2,000 years since in the next few weeks the whole Nation But Apollo 11 will be Amerioa's crowning heard about it-a collection of notes and re­ glory; it wm rank in history with Marco the lessons of peace and brotherhood ports that Phlllips had made up before the Polo's voyage to Cathay, Columbus' discovery first were taught, and man has not yet fire on the work done by prime Apollo con­ of America, the feat of the Wright Brothers learned to live in harmony on this planet. tractor North American Aviation. The report and Lindbergh's flight across the Atlantic. Roscoe and Geoffrey Drummond, in a criticized just about everything North Amer­ The greatest credit if credit ls due any one column published in the Philadelphia In­ ican did-its engineering, testing and pro­ individual, must go to General Philllps, 48, a quirer on July 19, pointed out this para­ duction of the Apollo spacecraft. modest, unassuming, self-effacing, dedicated dox and attempted to put the space pro­ "The Apollo fire oost us a year in time," and exceptionally capable public servant. Phillips said once. "Six months to make all In the Apollo program as in the space en­ gram into the proper perspective of the the changes we had to make, and six months deavor in general, Sam Phillips has been 20th century. They wrote: to explain them all to Congress." overlooked, somehow, in all of the hullabaloo If government, science and industry can Phillips just about cleaned house after the that attends every achievement; it is only in combine to put man on the Moon, govern­ fire. He fired people, shifted people and instances of trouble that he somehow is in­ ments, science and industry can combine brought in new people. He studied every jected into the picture. The deaths of the to put peace on Earth. phase of the program, and where he felt three Apollo astronauts in a fire while prac­ there should be change-he changed it. ticing a countdown in January, 1967, ls an I ask unanimous consent that the col­ He even changed little things-like order­ example. Phillips immediately came to the umn be printed in the RECORD. ing that test conductors no longer be al­ fore then, but when the going is good, some­ There being no objection, the article lowed to bring their lunch and dinner to how he ls overlooked. was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, their consoles during any Apollo test. One Perhaps his skill and management ability as follows: day, he walked through the firing room at is something to be expected by the news Cape Kennedy and noticed a sandwich lying media and the political fatcats; but without VOYAGE TO MOON CHALLENGES MANKIND To on one engineer's desk. Without a word to it, Apollo nor indeed any space program nor END WAR, HUNGER the engineer, he picked it up and dropped it anything else can succeed. It is the man at (By Roscoe and Geoffrey Drummond) into a nearby wastebasket. the top who is the deciding factor; to him WASHINGTON .-This logical, unsurprising, Raised in the "big sky" country of Wyo­ must go the credit for success and the blame fantastic round-trip to the Moon is surely ming, Phlllips behaves just the way he for failure. the greatest achievement in 20 centuries. looks-cool, quiet and very determined. As the Scripps-Howard Newspaper Alliance Out there speeding through weightless Like every other boy growing up near in a story by Don Kirkman points out in to­ space are three of our best who, with the Cheyenne, Phillips learned to ride a horse­ day's Rocky Mountain News, Phillips has aid of 350,000 NASA collaborators, a budget but he also learned how to fly a plane. The borne "a burden few Americans are capable of $24 billion-and a prayer-are proving fact that he had his pilot's license helped of handling and accomplished with such that man can escape the confining forces lead him to the Army Air Corps during the quiet efficiency that few of his fellow Amer­ of one planet, land on the Moon and return. Second World War. icans l{now his name." It would be well not to belittle the prayer A fighter pilot, Phillips served two tours Kirkman reports Phillips is prep·aring to because 20 centuries ago a man, who knew in Britain, first flying a Lightning P-38 and leave the space program and return to the more about prayer than anyone who ever then a P-51 Mustang. Air Force which he entered as a ROTC gradu­ lived, matched and far-exceeded anything When the war ended, Ph11lips moved on ate from the University of Wyoming early in we are witnessing during the week of July to missiles, first the Falcon and Bomarc and World War II. But the Scripps-Howard re­ 16, 1969 A.D. then the Minuteman. In 1959, in the heat porter says it ls to be doubted President Here was a spiritually scientific genius, of the so-called "missile gap," he took over Nixon will permit Phillips to leave without name of Jesus of Nazareth, materially pen­ as director of Minuteman, and in a crash some credit of the tremendous accomplish­ niless and with only twelve associates, some program had the first balllstic missiles in ments that belong to him. untrustworthy, who set some colossal bench­ their silos inside two years. Kirkman did not suggest what these re­ marks for all time by reversing the material It was his work with Minuteman that wards and acknowledgements might be, but laws of space and gravity, demonstrating brought him to the attention of the space surely the nation's highest decoration in a teleportation and proving concretely that agency, and in 1963 he was brought in as non-valorous capacity-the Distinguished man lives after death. deputy director to Dr. George Mueller, asso­ Service Medal-is due General Phillips for This world wouldn't be in the mess it ls ciate administrator for manned space what he has done; and furthermore, if the today if mankind would accept the works tllght. A year later, he was named Apollo United States government is interested in and words of this scientific pioneer. program director. keeping talent, then Phillips ought to be con­ He 1s modest about his role in Apollo, sidered for the highest job within the gov­ NOT IMPOSSIBLE claiming it is teamwork that has brought ernment's capacity to offer its servants-for Could there be a better time than right the program so far so fast. Phillips, perhaps the top post in the Stra­ now to ponder whether we shouldn't resolve "But if you asked the men in Apollo to tegic Air Command, or chief of staff of the to apply the daring and vision of the Ameri­ pick the five most important men in the Air Force. can and Russian space feats to deal with program," an Apollo official once said, "Phil­ A man who can organize and run a pTo­ some of the unfinished business on Earth, lips' name would be on all the lists." gram like Apollo, and carry it out with great especially banishing war and ending hunger? When the crew of Apollo 11 lands on the success even in the face of rare, bitter failure, And do it before it's too late. moon and returns to earth safely with their over a period of five years, and do it so mod­ The greatest byproduct-perhaps its pri­ moon rock, PhilUps plans to go back to the estly and self-effacingly, deserves no less tha.n mary value-of the manned filght to the Air Force. the highest consideration of our government Moon ls its moral and mental stimulus, its He won his third star in May, 1968, and ls and of his fellow Americans. evidence that anything man can think of, in line for a big job in the Pentagon-if he he can do. It says to all mankind: Nothing only takes the time out to ask for it. Be­ is impossible, everything is attainable. sides that, the work of the last decade-five It ls harder to get peace on Earth than years as Minuteman director, five years as UNFINISHED BUSINESS ON EARTH it ls to go to the Moon, but it is possible. It Apollo director-has left him a little bit is harder to end poverty on Earth than it tired of the director's chair. is to fly to Mars, but it is possible. "Ten years in the hot seat," he said re­ This ls the vital impetus which the world's cently, "is too long." HON. J. CALEB BOGGS OF DELAWARE two greatest living historians, Arnold Toyn­ In the time he's spent in the hot seat, bee and Wlll Durant, ask men in every na­ Ph111ips has been called many things-dour, IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES tion to ponder as they watch the filght of phlegmatic and unflappable. Thursday, July 24, 1969 Apollo 11. But last Christmas morning, when the Toynbee sees it this way: "Will mankind's crew of Apollo 8 headed back out of moon Mr. BOGGS. Mr. President, we all are common feat of landing on the Moon move orbit and on their way home, Sam Phillips still elated and awe-struck by the :fiight us to put our terrestrial habitat in better could no longer contain himself. of our three astronauts in our space order, morally and politically? wm it move "Look at him," one of his aides in the program. us to subordinate our 125 local states to Mission Control Center said, "he's almost some form of world government that will be sm111ng. If this keeps up, we'll have to call The accomplishments are above mere effective enough to be able to put a stop him Smiling sam Phillips." rhetoric. We are deeply indebted to Neil to our cherished practice of waging wars SAM PHILLIPS, MODEST HERO Armstrong, Edwin Aldrin, and Michael with each other? If landing on the Moon is Cheyenne's Lt. Gen. Samuel C. Phillips, cll­ Collins and to the thousands of men and going to serve a.s a substitute for waging a rector of the Apollo program, already has women who have worked anonymously to Third World War, the courage and skill and made his mark in the nation's space program bring our space program to this apex of wealth that have been spent on this enter­ regardless of what happens in the Apollo 11 success. prise will have been spent to good purpose." July 24, 196.9 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 20761

NUCLEAR DANGER SERVICE MODULE STRONG ON SIMPLIC!TY plastic. The material turns white hot, chars, Durant, in his challenging )lew book, "The Consisting of a center section or tunnel and then melts away. But this is done in Lessons of History" (Simon and Schuster), surrounded by six pie-shaped sectors, the such a way that the heat is rejected by the takes the same view that until our nation basic structure of the service module ls rela­ shield and does not penetrate to the surface states "become members of a large and ef­ tively simple. of the spacecraft. fectively protective group they will continue Basic structural components are forward Several outer coverings make up the heat to act like individuals and families in the and aft bulkheads, radial beams, four sector shield: a pore seal, a moisture barrier {white, hunting stage." But Durant warns that it honeycomb panels, four reaction control paint-like plastic material), and a thermal may be only the prospect of interplanetary system honeycomb panels, an aft heat shield, coating that looks like almninum foll. war that "we of this Earth" will unite. and a fairing. This foll like material is 0.5 Inil Kapton Fear is a powerful incentive, but on Earth Throughout the structure, it is obvious high-temperature film coated with about 5 today there is already a more powerful and how much development time was spent on millionths of an lnoh of vaicuum-deposited pervasive danger-the danger of extinction reducing weight. The radial beams for ex­ aluminum and overcoated with about 40 Inil­ of the race by nuclear blunder or nuclear ample are made of solid alulninum alloy. lionths of an inoh of sillcon oxide. recklessness. Through machining and electrochemical Film is manufaictured in tape form. It helps If government, science and industry can machining these beams are as efficient struc­ protect the heat shield from premature ab­ combine to put man on the Moon, govern­ turally as possible, ranging in thickness from lation during the lower, ±250° F, heat ex­ ment, science and industry can combine 2 in. to 0.018 in. tremes of space travel. to put peace on Earth. Footpads on the service module are made WHAT IS A TRULY LEAKPROOF TANK? If we want it enough, we can achieve it. of two layers of spun aluminum bonded to The tanks which hold the cryogenic liquid Anything is possible-the worst or the best. an aluminum honeycomb core. This is equal­ oxygen and liquid hydrogen on the Apollo ly efficient. spacecraft are unbelievably sound. WOULD YOU BELIEVE 50 ENGINES It's been said that they come close to bef..ng Aboard the Apollo spacecraft there are 50 the only leak-free vessels ever built. APOLLO ENGINEERING FACTS engines. Of these, 16 are reaction control North American Rockwell Corp. estimated engines on the service module, 16 reaction that if an automobile tire leaked at the same control engines on the lunar module, and rate as these tanks, it would take the tire 12 more reaction control engines on the 32,4-00,000 years to go flat. HON. JAMES G. FULTON Heat leakage from the same tanks is like­ OF PENNSYLVANIA command module. In addition, there is a service propulsion wise incredibly small. If one hydrogen tank IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES engine, lunar module a.scent and descent containing ice wel"e pl.a.iced in a room heated Wednesday, July 23, 1969 engines, the launch escape motor, tower jet­ to 70° F, it would take a total of 8% years to tison and pitch control motor. melt the ice. It would take four years more Mr. FULTON of Pennsylvania. Mr. Only the last three burn solid-propellant. for the water to reach room temperature. Speaker, under leave to extend my re­ The other 47 burn a hypergolic liquid pro­ Gases in the cryogenic tanks are utilized marks in the RECORD, I include the fol­ pellant composed of an oxidizer and a fuel in the production of electrical power by the lowing: which together ignite and burn on contact. Apollo fuel cell system aind in providing oxygen for the crew. [From Iron Age, July 17, 1969] FUEL CELLS DELIVER POWER PL US ENGINES USE PURE MOLYBDENUM APOLLO POSITS, THE PossmLE AND BEYOND Three fuel cell power plants are coupled individually to a heat rejection system, the On the service module there are 16 radia­ The Apollo program has been described as tion cooled engines grouped in clusters of the greatest scientific, engineering and ex­ hydrogen and oxygen cryogenic storage sys­ tems, a water storage and power distribution four 90° apart. ploratory challenge in the history of man­ These engines are the only nonablaltlive en­ kind. So says the North American Rockwell system. Produced by the Pratt & Whitney Aircraft gines on the command and service module. Corp. Few would dispute the issue. The thrust chambers on these engines are This highly ambitious project, much of it Div. of United Aircraft Corp., the cells pro­ duce as a byproduct potable water for con­ made of pure molybdenum, an unusual use of diroot interest to metalworking, has of the high melting temperature material. pushed out the boundaries of nearly every sumption and cooling. Weighing 245 lb each, they are constructed Nozzle extensions on the engines are a technical discipline and has even created new cobalt-base alloy. Ea.ch of these engines ts disciplines. mainly of titanium, stainless steel and nickel. They are rated at from 27 to 31 volts under 13.4 in. long and weighs 5 lb. In perspective, the sheer feats of logistics Nominal thrust of each of the 16 engines is become a virtual nipley's. normal loads. There are 31 separate cells in a stack, each producing 1 volt. 100 lb, and the service life is aibout 1000 sec­ COUNTERING WEIGHT PROBLEMS Each cell consists of a hydrogen and an onds. Lt works out that any combination of Precision is more than the name of the oxygen electrode, a hydrogen and oxygen intermittent, or pulsed, and continuous oper­ game with Apollo. compartment, and the electrolyte. Ea.ch gas a tlon up to a maximum of 750 seconds of Consider: with approximately 2 % Inilllon reacts independently to produce a flow of steady state firing is possible with the en­ solder joints in the Sa.turn launch vehicle, electrons. gines. if one-thirty-second in. excess wire and an They are normally operated at 400° F with The radiaition cooled engines have a mini­ extra drop of solder was used on each of limits of 385° F and 500° F. Water-glycol ls mum firing time of 12 milliseconds. The re­ these joints, the excess weight would be used for temperature control. The fuel cells sult of this ls that the engines have a oapa­ equivalent to the payload of the vehicle. are nonregenerative. biUty for 10,000 operational cycles. The short firing time is important because HONEYCOMB PROTECTS LUNAR MODULE HOW MUCH IS 160,000,000 HORSEPOWER? these engines are used for transla.tlon and An adapter protects the lunar module dur­ If all the moving waters of North America rotational maneuvers and for star sightings. ing launch and provides the structural at­ were channeled through turbines at a given tachment of the spacecraft to the launch moment, you would have about 80,000,000 vehicle. This is jettisoned when no longer hp. required. The five F-1 engines deliver twice that TEXANS SUPPORT MOON DAY AS The adapter is constructed of eight 1.7-in. amount. Even the fuel pumps of the F-l's thick aluminum honeycomb panels. These deliver fuel with the force of 30 diesel loco­ DAY OF NATIONAL PARTICIPA­ are arranged in two sets of four. The upper motives. TION panels are about 21 ft. long, the lower about In the first stage alone, there ls enough 7 ft. long. liquid oxygen to fill 54 railroad tank cars. The exterior of the adaipter is covered com­ The power of one Saturn V ls enough to HON. RALPH YARBOROUGH pletely by a 0.030-in. thick layer of cork. This place in orbit all U.S. manned spaicecraft OF TEXAS thin layer helps insulate the lunar module previously launched. from the heat generated by the spacecraft IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES pushing through the atmosphere during APOLLO DOES A HOT STRIP Thursday, July 24, 1969 boost. Temperatures encountered on the Apollo Honeycomb materials are used extensively Inission range from -280° F to +5000° F. Mr. YARBOROUGH. Mr. President, I on the Apollo, for their great strength to The former on the cold side of the moon, the recently placed in the RECORD a petition weight ratios. · latter upon re-entry into the earth's atmos­ I received from several of my constit­ Another honeycomb aluminum ls used in phere. uents urging that the day of the land­ Apollo's inner crew compartment. It is 40 The heat of re-entry is the most critical ing on the moon be made a national holi­ percent stronger and 40 percent lighter than obviously. And the only way to protect the day. I was quite gratified to see the Pres- spacecraft was to develop an effi.cient means ordinary. ident take that action. The heat shield itself ts made of a stain­ Of dissipating heat. Most metals melt below less steel brazed honeycomb that is in turn 5000° F. Recently, I received a petition on this brazed between steel alloy face shields. It An ablative material carries the heat away. same matter signed by 18 Texans sup­ 'Yaries in thickness from % in. to 2% in. It ls a phenolic resin, a type of reinforced porting that action. Mr. President, I ask 20762 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 24, 1969 unanimous consent that this petition Last fall our voters rejected a request by Islands will celebrate their fourth anni­ the school board for additional millage--re­ versary of independence. On this occasion along with the names and addresses of suiting in serious educational retrench­ the signers be printed in the Remarks. ment--and growing unrest and discontent in I extend warm greetings to His Excel­ There being no objection, the petition the community. The last three millage elec­ lency Amir Ibrahim Nasir, President of and list of names were ordered to be tions have also had racial overtones. In areas the Republic; and His Excellency Abdul printed in the RECORD, as follows: where the enrollment is predominantly Sattar, Ambassador of the Maldive The Honorable RALPH y ARBOROUGH: white, we lose--where the enrollment is over Islands to the United States. The Honorable JOHN TOWER: 75% Negro, we win. Due to the erosion of Located about 400 miles southwest of our city tax base--a school mill in 1968 We the undersigned desire that you ad­ Ceylon, the Maldives constitute 20 atolls, brought in $700,000 less in school revenue which cover about 1,087 islands-only vocate and support the declaration of a Na­ than in 1960. Last year this amounted to a tional Holiday to recognize and celebrate loss of $14 million. 210 of which are inhabited-from man's first landing on the Moon. Surely no Two years ago our state legislature allo­ Minicoy in the north to Addu island in other exploratory effort in the history of cated $200,000 for a study on school finance. the south. mankind will have been as meaningful. It was completed in 1968, has not been acted The Maldives have a population of SIGNERS upon and recently our Governor has ap­ about 103,801 and an area of 115 square Earl L. Chase, Pasadeana, Tex. pointed a commission to review educational miles. The people are known for their Frank H. Broz, Houston, Tex. needs for our state. In the meantime chaos kindness and generosity, and their viril­ Myreta H. Buckholt, Pasadena, Tex. in school finance prevails throughout the ity. Ron Kelley, Houston. state. Mrs. Willie Thompson, Houston. Federal appropriations to Michigan schools Although the Maldives have no banks, Mr. Frank S. Ware, Houston, Tex. have decreased by 10% since 1966-as else­ doctors, libraries, or museums, the people William A. Lankin, Houston, Tex. where. are healthy in spirit and many of them James L. Kahlich, Houston, Tex. Ladies and gentlemen the partnership is are literate in Arabic. Not primarily in­ Wesley T. Blackmon, Houston, Tex. not working! Politically the term partnership dustrial, the Maldives do maintain a Floyd D. Dardar, Houston, Tex. may sound attractive but realistically it has flourishing dried fish industry, and coir Bob Flack, Bellaire, Tex. not worked effectively to meet our present needs. making is important. Deene Sullivan, Houston, Tex. Since the Islamic conquest in 1153, Shirley B. Cornelius, Pearland, Tex. John Gardner observed that the error of Donald R. Bartay, Houston, Tex. the mid-twentieth century was: " ... to there has been an unbroken line of 92 Leroy W. Morgan, Hous·ton, Tex. release aspirations without designing institu­ elected sultans. From 1759, sultans have Janet Pendleton, Houston, Tex. tions responsive enough to satisfy these been chosen from members of the Didi Peggy P. Thomas, Houston, Tex. aspirations." And, Eric Hoffer reminds us that family. On November 11, 1968, another James L. Goderay, Houston, Tex. a people who "are discontented, yet not desti­ historic date, the Maldives ceased being tute" are most likely to plunge into an undertaking of vast change. Due to America's an elective sultanate and became a progress in public education, we have all the Republic. On that date, Ibrahim Nasir ingredients for ma.ssive discontent and was elected President. CATASTROPHE IN FUNDING: THE change. We can only wish the best of luck to PARTNERS RENEGE I conclude, therefore, somewhat regret­ Mr. Nasir and his country in the future. fully, that the federal government must as­ The world, who is indebted to the Mal­ sume an over-all responsibility for public divians for the word "atoll," realizes that education. It is the only body that can tap HON. WILLIAM D. FORD our nation's human and financial resources to live in peace and tranquillity like the OF MICHIGAN capable of assessing and performing the task Maldivians is sometimes all thait a coun­ try can hope for. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ahead. We simply do not have the time for 50 states to struggle with common challenge Wednesday, July 23, 1969 independently. I am not worried about federal control. Mr. WILLIAM D. FORD. Mr. Speaker, We are pragmatic people and with the transi­ MAN'S HISTORIC MOMENT I had the privilege recently of serving on tion of responsibility we can develop guide­ a panel with Dr. Norman Drachler, su­ lines and processes which will result in much perintendent of schools in Detroit, Mich., greater local influence than we have had in during a conference held by the Educa­ the past. Students of America stress that we HON. OLIN E. TEAGUE tion Commission of the States in Denver, have demonstrated in the past, a talent for OF TEXAS Colo. preserving idealogic principles while devising IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES pragmatic means to adjust to new condi­ Dr. Drachler made some pertinent and tions. We can do so again. Real partnerships Wednesday, July 23, 1969 interesting remarks on the problems of can only be achieved when states approach Mr. TEAGUE of Texas. Mr. Speaker, school funding. As superintendent of one one another as equals in quest of a common the July 14, 1969, issue of Aviation Week of our Nation's largest big-city school cause-and this can be achieved only through contained an editorial by Robert Hotz districts, I think his statements will be equal educational opportunity. Instead of partners we must think of our­ discussing what has now become the suc­ of interest to my colleagues, and I take cessful Apollo 11 flight, Mr. Hotz' edito­ this opportunity to have Dr. Drachler's selves as one nation. A nation with a great deal of mobility-where boundaries cannot rial cites many of the benefits being de­ remarks printed in the RECORD: quarantine ignorance. A nation that realizes rived from our national space program CATASTROPHE IN FuNDING: THE PARTNERS that no metropoUtan area can survive or and outlines well the feelings of all RENEGE prosper if the central city, the heart of the Americans on the occasion of this historic (By Norman Drachler) metropolitan community is permitted to de­ event. The editorial follows: teriorate o:r decay. A nation, to paraphrase Financing or funding are disciplines in MAN'S HISTORIC MOMENT which most school superintendents cannot a noted scholar, may be likened to a tree, claim expertise--after all we've had such whose roots are planted in our federal con­ (By Robert Hotz) limited experience with funds. But as an stitution, and whose branches spread over Man is poised for an historic moment in educator facing a. growing deficit for the the fifty states. A tree cannot flourish with­ his long tenure on this earth. If all goes well third year in a row-I specialize in catas­ out roots. Yet, how can it bear fruit with­ on the Apollo 11 mission scheduled for launch trophe! And, like some other superintendents out branches? Let us be careful with our from Cape Kennedy this week, the first men have lost faith in our existing partnership. branches! wm set foot on a celestial body outside their Since 1950 the population of Detroit has own planet. Twice, within the last seven declined by about 250,000 inhabitants while months, U.S. astronauts have rocketed to the the public school enrollment has increased INDEPENDENCE DAY-THE MALDIVE moon in Apollo spacecraft and reconnoitered by nearly 60,000 students. During the past its surface from close range. Now two of the school year 14,702 students left our school ISLANDS three Apollo 11 crewmen are scheduled to land and begin man's exploration of the system and 15,847 entered from all sections moon. of the nation. After registration is completed In this final interval, before the dreams in the fall, we go through each year a school HON. ADAM C. POWELL OF NEW YORK of Apollo are transformed into reality, some mobiUty rate of about 40%, ranging from retrospect may be appropriate. Apollo is a. 2.7% in the most stable school to 117.8% in IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES U.S. program. Its boosters, spacecraft and as­ our most changing neighborhood. Detroit is Thursday, July 24, 1969 tronauts all are emblazoned with the Stars a fiscally independent school district and Stripes. It is an American flag that wm with nearly 300,000 students of whom about Mr. POWELL. Mr. Speaker, on Satur­ be spiked into the lunar sand. Every Ama-i­ 170,000 live in areas eligible for Title I. day, July 26, the Republic of the Maldive can should take immense pride in the mag- July 24, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 20763 nlficent accomplishment of his nation in works on this planet fat.led from view as of duty of the individuals concerned, a year reaching this point. But man's voyage to the they sped through space. Only the greens or so Later. moon goes beyond any purely nationalistic and browns of the continents, the blues of Any;one can see now thait if money spent boundaries. It is really a triumph of man's the oceans and the swirling white spume of on military missions and supplies had been indomitable spirit and a source of pride for cloud patterns were visible from their orbits put into more economic deveJopment, not all mankind. around the moon. They were astonished at only would more have been done to root out Certainly history must record an indelible what a. relatively small planet earth really is the social and economic causes of this war, debt to the Soviet Union, whose Sputniks when seen in the vast black void of space but also we would not be guilty of helping to began the space age and whose early pioneer­ and how hospitable it seems in contrast to build up armed forces, on both sides, that ing in space exploration shocked this coun­ the barren bleakness of the moon and the make fraitricidal war poosible. [Editorial try into successful competition. Although the surrounding infinity. July 20.] odds are overwhelming that the U.S. wm From this vantage point, it was apparent We would not have helped thwart progress beat the USSR to a manned lunar landing, that we are all voyagers in space clinging towards the fraternal union that the people the Soviets will still play a vital role in precariously to the spacecraft earth, pro­ of Central America have drea.med of ach'iev­ lunar exploration. They will certainly send tected from the searing sun and cryogenic ing in their Patria Grande. men to the moon, probably within another night only by a thin layer of gases trapped By now the missions may have wistful in­ year. by gravitational force. Perhaps if the key structions to "urge restraint." But do we Man's overpowering urge to voyage from political leaders of this world could enjoy need stlll more arguments against fomenting his planet, which began with such vigorous the same perspective, they might shift their military buildups in the once Good Neigh­ and productive competition, may reach ma­ endeavors toward improving humanity's op­ borhood? turity in a cooperative effort to build scien­ portunities for survival on this planet in­ MURAT w. Wn.LIAMS, tific colonies on the moon and utilize it as stead of striking sparks that could burn U.S. Ambassador to El Salvador, 1961-64. a joint base for further manned exploration it up. MADISON Mn.LS, VA. of the solar system. Americans and Russians The prayers and hopes of all mankind will Will have to get along together on the moon be traveling with Neil Armstrong, Edwin because they are all humans facing a totally Aldrin, Jr., and Michael Collins as they make hostile environment. Perhaps the lessons man's most wondrous journey. learned there will not be completely dis­ A BILL TO AUTHORIZE THE CON­ sipated back on earth. STRUCTION, RECONSTRUCTION, Certainly this is the time to remember AND IMPROVEMENT OF THE John Fitzgerald Kennedy, the 35th Presi­ ALASKA HIGHWAY dent of these United States, who made the OUR LATIN AMERICAN ERRORS bold decision to commit this nation to send­ ing men to the moon before the end of this HON. ARNOLD OLSEN decade. It was his message to Congress on HON. RICHARD L. OTTINGER "Urgent National Needs" May 25, 1961, that OF NEW YORK OF MONTANA set the lunar landing goal. This transformed IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the U.S. space program from a sluggish, re­ Thursday, July 24, 1969 luctant reaction to Soviet triumphs into a Wednesday, July 23, 1969 sparkling American challenge that demanded Mr. OTTINGER. Mr. Speaker, I am Mr. OLSEN. Mr. Speaker, today I am the straining of industry, science and tech­ pleased to call to our colleagues' atten­ introducing with the cosponsorship of nology to their utmost potential to achieve tion a very fine letter from our former several of my colleagues, a bill to author­ pre-eminence for us as a space-faring nation. i:ze the construction, reconstruction, and Jack Kennedy knew this nation needed a Ambassador to El Salvador, the Honor­ jolt and a challenge. He would be more than able Murat W. Williams, regarding improvement of the Alaska Highway, pleased to see how it responded in reaching American military assistance to Latin Several members of the Public Works the threshold of the goal he set eight years America, which appeared in Monday's Subcommittee on Roads have just re­ ago. This has been no easy achievement. It New York Times. turned from hearings in Montana and has taken its toll in treasure, swe·at and lives. An outstanding and dedicated diplo­ Alaska where we received testimony But history will prove it is one of the most mat, Ambassador Williams has very from the proponents and opponents of profitable and prudent investments this na­ the Alaska Highway. The support for tion ever made in its future. forcefully and succinctly pointed out not The tangible technical benefits are al­ only the questionable value and size of paving was so overwhelming that I am ready falling out of space research faster U.S. military missions in Latin America convinced of the urgent need to com­ and in larger quantities than even the most but their oftentimes detrimental effect mence work immediately. optimistic prophets anticipated. Science and as well. His remarks certainly reinforce For my colleagues, who are not fa­ industry are already absorbing this vast the recent recommendations of our dis­ miliar with the Alaska Highway, its pres­ wave of new knowledge. But the real chal­ tinguished colleagues on the Inter­ ent total length is 1,525 miles, and it lenge remains for the political leaders of stretches from Dawson Creek, British the world. Can they change their outmoded American Affairs Subcommittee that a concepts of organization and administration thorough review of our military assist­ Columbia, Canada to Fairbanks, Alaska. to permit the wonders of space age tech­ ance programs in the 'V'estern Hemi­ Only 383 miles of this 1,525 are paved. nology to conserve and enhance the resources sphere should be undertaken. The greatest percentage of the highway of this planet for a better life on earth? Mr. Speaker, I believe Ambassador is a gravel-soil base causing hardships Space research is pointing the way toward Williams' remarks deserve our full and either from extreme dust or from com­ better education, better communications, careful consideration and sober reflec­ plete erosion and slippage. less pollution, better food production and tion and I insert his letter herewith for The highway from Dawson Creek better conservation of natural resources. But inc!11sion in the RECORD: winds southward through the metropoli­ man and particularly his political leaders tan centers of our northern neighbor. appear unduly slow in receiving this mes­ OuR LATIN AMERICAN ERRORS Both the provincial government seat of sage. JULY 16, 1969. Even though the initial investment in To the EDITOR: Edmonton, Alberta, and the oil capital­ space technology will return tremendous It is easy to imagine U.S. military mis­ Calgary, Alberta, are serviced by this material dividends in the decades 10.ead, sions as "seconds" to the fighters in that highway, and are linked to the "Electric this tangible fall-out may not be man's m:ist bloody and useless contest in the Salva­ City"-Great Falls, Mont., with the road important benefit from his venturing lnto dor.an-Honduran forests. terminating at the intersection of In­ space. The missions should not be in either terstates 90 and 15, near Butte, Mont. Perhaps the most significant benefit of all country. With transient encouragement from I would like to take time to give you a may come fJ.'1om the new perspective on him­ Dean Rusk, I urged our Government in 1963 self and his home planet that man will ac­ and 1964 to phase out our ridiculously large little history about the Alaska Highway, quire from his new vantage point in space. misstons in El Salvador. (We had more men not a new concept in the short span of The six U.S. astronauts who have voyaged to in our air mission than there weTe fliers in years we have been on this continent. the moon on Apollo 8 and 10 were pro­ the Salvadoran Air Force.) Even before the United States had ac­ foundly philosophically impressed by their The Secretary w.as getting too busy with quired the "Folly" of Alaska from the changing perspective of earth as they left it other problems and he le'ft my plea to depu­ Czar in 1867, a plan was formulated-the 250,000 miles behind. As the first men in the ties. One of these said: "I agree with you, but Gilpin plan-proposing a railway to history of the race to get this perspective, we can't do anything, You have annoyed the their experience may presage some changing Pentagon by making the iuggestion." Alaska and across the Bering Straits to concepts of man's relationship to his envi­ A many-starred general was sent to "nego­ Siberia as part of a worldwide rail sys­ ronment and fellow men. tiate" with me. After several days, he con­ tem. The year was 1849. With the adverse The Apollo crewmen were sharply sur­ sented to cut back two out of about forty reaction to the purchase to Alaska, it prised by the speed with which all of man's positions, but not until the end of the tours would take more than 20 years from the 20764 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 24, 1969

date of purchase before Congress would ing for the paving of the Alaska High­ A BILL To AMEND TITLE 23, UNITED STATES dare inaugurate legislation suggesting a way. CODE, To DESIGNATE THE ALASKA HIGHWAY, route to Alaska. Once again the idea was AND To AUTHORIZE CONSTRUCTION, RECON­ Alaska, western Oanada, and the great STRUCTION, AND IMPROVEMENT OF PART OF a railroad. The Senate passed on April Inland Empire of the Northwest are SUCH HIGHWAY, INCLUDING A CONNECTING 19, 1886, a bill requiring a study of a linked economically, socially, and geo­ HIGHWAY rail route between the United States, graphically. But our commerce links, es­ Be it enacted by the Senate and House of . Russia, and Japan. This was about as pecially north and south, are very poor. Representatives of the Untted States of popular as the purchase of Alaska by Certainly, the railways have opened up America in Congress assembled, that (a) Seward. our vast expanses, but only for east-west Chapter 2 of Title 23, United States Code, The thoughts about railways for the traffic. This is the case in both Canada is amended by adding at the end thereof the next few decades turned to an east­ and the United States. What we need following new section: west direction, and so the dream of a link now, before it is too late, is a north­ "§ 215. ALASKA HIGHWAY. south route. "(a) A highway between Butte, Montana, with the great frontier of the North was through Canada to Fairbanks, Alaska, the to lie dormant for more than 50 years I could ramble on for hours about the exact route which shall be determined as until the military needs of this Nation rationale of why we should pave the provided in this section, is hereby designated revitalized discussion of a route to Alaska Highway, but I will only take time as the Alaska Highway. Alaska. now t.-0 say that we need this route for "(b) The route of the Alaska. Highway The gold rush, the fisheries, and commerce, for defense, and for tourism. from Butte, Montana, to the border between World War I drove home the need for The commerce to the north now is so Montana and Canada shall follow the pres­ ently designated route of Interstate Route some type of land route to the North. risky that prices on the receiving end 15, through Great Falls, Montana, to a con­ Finally in 1933, Congress for the first are .often twice those in the Continental nection with the route designated in "d" time authorized the appointment of a United States. A yearlong, modern high­ of this section. commission to report on the construc­ way would do a great deal to alleviate "(c) The route of the Alaska Highway tion of a highway from Seattle to Fair­ this situation. within Alaska shall be along that highway banks. Ten years would pass with the Our 49th State is of strategic military in existence on the date of enactment of this commencement of World War II before section between Fairbanks, Alaska, and the importance. Because of its proximity to border between Alaska and . Canada, which Congress would again consider the high­ the Soviet Union, early warning systems, highway prior to such date was also known way. In 1942, the Corps of Engineers Strategic Air Command and missile as the Alaska Highway. surveyed a route for a railroad to Fair­ bases and tracking systems in Alaska "(d) The route of the Alaska Highway banks. However, this was abandoned are our first line of defense. Yet, our only within Canada shall be as follows: after the decision was made in the same means of speedy communication is by " • ( 1) from the border between Canada year to build the Alaska Highway. On air and water. This is hardly a satisfac­ and Montana to Dawson Creek, British Co­ February 26, 1942, the Permanent Joint tory answer in time of war. lumbia, the route shall be designated by the government of Canada along existing paved Board on Defense recommended that the Alaska and the Northwest have re­ highways so as to connect with the United highway be built. The route followed ceived a great influx of tourists in reeent States section of the Alaska Highway in a system of airfields. The road was built years. The last escapist retreat on our Montana; and and remains in practically the same con­ continent has the capacity to receive "• (2) from Dawson Creek, British Colum­ dition, providing a miserable trip north even more people, if they could travel bia, to the border of Canada and Alaska the for commerce and tourists. comfortably to its great expanses. There route shall be generally along the highway Since the war, a 1950 railway study in existence on the date of enactment of this is a great deal of misunderstanding in section between such points, which highway was once again urged, but refused by Continental Canada and the United prior to such date was also known as the the Canadians as unnecessary. Not until States in regard to travel conditions in Alaska Highway.' the sixties did any real enthusiasm for the North. The Alaska Highway goes "(e) The Secretary ls authorized to coop­ the reconstruction of the Alaska High­ through areas of very low rainfall and erate with the government of Canada in the way appear. low snowfall, and has few natural haz­ construction, reconstruction, and improve­ In 1961, the Battelle Memorial Insti­ ards to travel. Modern technology has ment of the Alaska Highway within the bor­ overcome the technical problems of ders of that country (including a connect­ tute presented a report on the transporta­ ing highway to Haines, Alaska) between tion requirements for the growth of working in areas of continued low tem­ Dawson Creek, British Columbia, and the Northwest North America. In its study, peratures and this is a relatively minor border between Alaska and Canada. the paving of the Alaska Highway is hazard for motor vehicles. This inland "(f) There shall be no expenditure of any strongly urged. Subsequently there have route has generally easy grades, a low funds authorized by this section until the been other studies particularly designed profile with low passes, and is relatively governments of Canada and the United States to determine the cost-benefit ratio and inexpensive route for trucking. shall have entered into an agreement provid­ need for paving the Alaska Highway. Of Montana's total tourist traffic dur­ ing, in part, that the government of Can­ ada- Most notable and infamous of these is ing 1963-64, more than 50,000 visitors "'(l} will pay its equitable portion of all the Stanford Research Institute report stated they had Alaska as their destina­ costs of the construction, reconstruction, and of 1966. This one report which hinted tion. And even though the Stanford re­ improvement authorized by subsection (e} that the cost-benefit ratio was not satis­ port was adverse to paving of the high­ of this section of the Alaska Highway (in­ factory turned the Canadian Govern­ way, it projected an estimated 15 percent cluding the connecting highway to Haines, ment against any further consideration per year growth in traffic after comple­ Alaska) within its borders; "• (2) will provide, without participation of the project. I agree, the immediate tion of the highway. of funds authorized in this section, all nec­ ratio is not encouraging, but the projec­ Our subcommittee has returned com­ essary rights-of-way for the construction tion--especially with the growth of pletely convinced of the need for this authorized by subsection (e) of this section Alaska and her oil fields-is the growth project. It has been more than 25 years of the Alaska Highway (including the con­ and net return criterta that I rely on. since this highway was constructed, with necting highway to Haines, Alaska) within With the election of Prime Minister little if any improvements. The N.orth­ its borders, which shall forever be held in­ west is a growing, vital area with oil in violate as a part of the highway for public Pierre Trudeau, I am hopeful that he use; will be receptive to reconsideration of its veins, gold in its teeth, and lumber as "'(3) wm not impose any highway toll, developing this highway, and for that its backbone. To share this wealth, and or permit any such toll to be charged, for reason Chairman KL uczvNsKr agreed to to in turn bring much needed commerce use by vehicles or persons of any portion conduct hearings along the proposed from the industrial States of the Con­ of the Alaska Highway (including the con­ route to gain :firsthand insight into the tinental United States, we must have a necting highway to Haines, Alaska) within its borders; problems that face us. land link easily accessible, safe, and " ' ( 4) will not levy or assess, directly or Last year I introduced H.R. 2124 re­ open all year. indirectly, any fee, tax, or other charge for questing the paving of the Alaska High­ Today, we returned man from a safe the use of the Alaska Highway (including way. For the first time we had hearings and speedy trip to the moon, tomorrow the connecting highway to Haines, Alaska) by vehicles or persons of the United· States on this matter, and as a result, my col­ let us give him a safe and speedy highway that does not apply equally to vehicles or leagues consented to travel to Montana, to Alaska. persons of such country; Canada, and Alaska last month. Today I I insert the text of the b111 at this point "'(5) will grant reciprocal recognition of am reintroducing a bill once again call- in the RECORD: vehicle registration and drivers licenses; and July 24, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 20765 " ' ( 6) will provide for the year-round 1. Through significant demonstration proj­ reference to President Nixon's forthcom­ maintenance of the Alaska Highway (in­ ects and research the National Bureau of ing visit to Rumania. Mr. Danielopol is a cluding the connecting highway to Haines, Standards can assist the fire service to meet former Rumanian banker, economist, Alaska) within its borders, including snow the objective spelled out in points 1, 2, 3, 4, removal, after its completion in condition and 5 of the Wingspread report covering de­ and diplomat. He was Secretary General adequately to serve the needs of present and mands on the fire service due to social and to the Economic Delegation at the Paris future traffic.'" technical changes in our way of life, public Peace Conference in 1946, and he is con­ (b) The analysis of chapter 2 of title 23, complacency toward loss of life and property, vinced that the Rumanians have used the United States Code, is amended by adding communications with the public behavioral western newsmen to perpetrate a hoax at the end thereof the following: patterns, and assis.ting in establishing cri­ which will help them to get credits. "215. Alaska Highway." teria for public fire protection. The article follows : 2. By estabHshment of a high level train­ ing academy for the fire service to assist in REDS WILL ATTEMPT To PROFIT FROM NIXON'S upgrading the professional standing of the VISIT TO RUMANIA TESTIMONY ON BEHALF OF FUND­ fire service members, in conjunction with (By Dumitru Danielopol) presently developing college level education WASHINGTON.-At a recent press confer­ ING THE FIRE RESEARCH AND and by supplementing existing local level ence, Romanian Ambassador Cornelius Bog­ SAFETY ACT BY CHIEF EDWARD training. dan refused to discuss the agenda of the A.BEADLE In addiition, the implementation of title II Bucharest talks between President Nixon and of the a.ct will permit the establishment of Nicolae Ceausescu. a Oommission which can define areas of nec­ But it's not difficult to predict Romania's HON. DOMINICK V. DANIELS essary action for the National Bureau of stra·tegy. The Reds will try to get the most OF NEW JERSEY Standardis. By bringing together persons of out of the visit and give as little as possible. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES prestige such as Members of Congress and Ceausescu is likely to tell President Nixon representative fire protection authorities tt... at Romania intends to pursue an inde­ Thursday, July 24, 1969 fiiom all sect.dons of this country, we bellieve pendent foreign policy. That it would like to Mr. DANIELS of New Jersey. Mr. that the people can be made aware of the be another Yugoslavia. Speaker, one of the continuing problems areas of concern and the necessary aotion To achieve this, he'll say, Romania needs to required to meet the needs for the welfare become economically independent from the that confront the people back home is of our commun1·ties and our Nation as a. Soviet COMEOON and the only way this can adequate protection from the dangers of whole. happen is if it gets help from the West, fire. In recognition of that problem, Fire We wish to call to your attention that especially the United States. Chief Edward A. Beadle of Union City, this association has supported the necessary There will be hints that Bucharest might N.J., appeared before the House Com­ action required, over a period of some 8 years, · honor Romanian treasury bonds owed to mittee on Appropriations to testify on which led to the culmination of legislation American holders and unredeemed since behalf of funding the Fire Research and in 1968 from which came this act. In all this World War II. time we have worked cooperatively with the Ceausescu will express the ·hope that the Safety Act. International Association of Fire Fighters, United States will grant Romania "most I have been privileged to know Chief A.Flr-CIO in an effort to get Federal recogni­ favored nation" trade status which would Beadle for many years. He is not only tion of the many proble~ areas that exist in permit more Romanian goods to be imported respected and honored in his community, fire protection and to swing the weight into the U.S. but within his profession as well. He has of the Federal Government behind the efforts But Ceausescu will not offer to use his dol­ been fighting fires for over 34 years and to find solutions. lars to purchase American goods. He will ask One is prompted to ask, "Are we losing the long-term credits with guarantees from the has been fire chief in Union City for the fight against fire?" But even more frighten­ last 10. Chief Beadle has served as head Export-Import Bank. ing to us is the life safety factor. Romania being an independent country, of the Eastern Association of Fire Chiefs In our great country, boasting the highest Ceausescu will say, he cannot accept political and, in 1968, was elected president of the standard of living in the world, we must also strings to such assistance. He will argue that International Association of Fire Chiefs. realize that we have the poorest fire record because of its proximity to Russia and its Because fire protection is a matter of of any major nation. It is shocking that our basic Oommunist tenets, Romania cannot, in grave concern to all of our citizens, I per capita death rate from fire is twice that fact, become completely neutral but will have would recommend that my colleagues of Canada, four times that of the United to remain a member of the Warsaw Pact. Kingdom, and six and one-half times that of No internal liberalization is possible, he consider the testimony of Chief Beadle Japan. and at this time I include that testimony will say, because it would give the Russians In 1968, loss of life in fires numbered over a chance to subvert his regime. He will point in the RECORD: 12,000 men, women, and children, and statis­ to Czechoslovakia. TESTIMONY OF CHIEF EDWARD A. BEADLE tics indicate that for every death, there are What Ceausescu will not tell Mr. Nixon is: about 200 injuries and disfigurements from Mr. Ohairman, honorable me·mbeTs of the ( 1) How much of the Romanian "inde­ committee, I am Edward A. Beadle, chie{ of fire. That's over 2 million people directly af­ pende:at" attitude has been adopted with the Union City, N.J., Fire Department, and presi­ fected by the physical tragedies of fire. approval and even at the instigation of the dent of the International AS'SOC'iation of Fire We in the Fire Service, charged with the Kremlin. responsibillty of protecting against these Chiefs with a membership of well over 7,000. grim statistics, have long cried out for more (Some Kremlinologists distrust Ceausescu's We are here to testify in behal! of fund­ public concern. "independence.'' They say that it suit.s the ing the Fire Research and Safety Aot in order We were pleased when the Fire Research Russians that Romania, a country of Latin to implement both title I and title II of the and Safety Act became law. However, we origin, should play such a role with a view act. of convincing some Latin American countries We believe the Department of Commerce, know that unless funds are made available to provide effective action under both title I that under communism, independence is pos­ through the National Bureau of Standards, and title II, little good will have been ac­ sible. can make a significant oontribution to fire complished. (2) That Romania is in dire economic safety for the people of this country and ait May we thank the chairman and the com­ straits. Her economy is near bankruptcy­ the same time ass•ist the 24,000 local fire de­ mittee for the opportunity of appearing be­ despite glowing reports published in Bu­ partments improve their operations. fore this august body this morning. charest &.nd parroted in some Wester:n pub­ While there are many avenues which oan Mr. ROONEY. Thank you, Chief Beadle, for lications. be taken to initiate such aiction, we c.all your a highly interesting and informative state­ (3) That he is head over heels in debt to attention to the report entitled "Wingspread ment. many Western nations including Western Oonference on Fire Service Administration, Germany, without any hope of becoming Education and Research." While this was the solvent. work of an ad hoc committee, it has been (4) That the "most favored nation" clause adopted. by the International Association of REDS WILL ATTEMPT TO PROFIT Will make very little difference to the Ro­ Fire Chiefs as an official position and does FROM NIXON'S VISIT TO RUMANIA manian economy because he has few goods spell out 12 significant areas we believe re­ acceptable to the sophisticated American quire serious consideration. market. The language and terminology employed HON. JAMES B. UTT ( 5) That Romania is already over-indus­ in the report cover broad areas of concern OF CALIFORNIA trialized in relation to its shrinking internal to the fire service and encompass action we market. That she therefore produces znostly believe is required to meeit the needs. Inde­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES for export and her products can't compete. pendent organizations have exhausted their Thursday, July 24, 1969 Some are sold at bargain prices as much as available resources in attempting to meet 50 per cent below cost. the challenge. The Federal Government c.an Mr. UTT. Mr. Speaker, I wish to in­ Ceausescu also will not mention that while assist through the Fire Research and Safety clude an article, appearing in the Copley Romanian food products are oifered !or sale Act in the following manner: newspapers, by Dumitru Danielopol, with abroad the Romanian people go for weeks 20766 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 24, 1969 without eggs, meat, bacon and even onions. community leaders who will gather for In spite of the denials of the turned­ He won't remind the President that Ro­ the public opening of the modernistic off elements of our society, it is the manian canned goods shipped to Canada for facility in West Hempstead, N.Y. American revolution-the ideals that in­ the United States have been turned back by spired it-that today inspires national American health authorities because they This organization's achievements in were judged a hazard to public health. fostering improved physical fitness drives for inde,pendence and liberty. Shoddy textile products shipped to Austria among thousands of people are a reflec­ Some men, some systems of government, have been refused even by poor peasants in tion of the dedicated efforts of its presi­ have corrupted the ideal of freedom and Austrian mountain villages. About 90 per dent and director, Frank Bond. The turned it to their personal Power and en­ cent of a recent shipment remains unsold. organization's vice president, Jack Lip­ richment. But, they will not last, for his­ Nor will Ceausescu mention that the much sky, has been the trainer of the U.S. tory shows that the people and their de­ ballyhooed tourist traffic to Romania is in Weight Lifting Team for many years. sire for freedom will sooner or later pre­ fact a deficit operation. In order to attract vail. hard cash customers from the Wesrt he has to Indeed, Mr. Bond's proven and suc­ offer bargain prices which ir.. some cases cessful methods to attain physical fit­ The signs that the Communist mono­ represent a 50 per cent loss per tourist. ness have won him wide acclaim. He has lith is crumbling are unmistakable. But, Who ma.kes up the deficit? The Romanian been honored by the State of Maryland it is premature to believe that dictator­ people naturally. for establishing physical fitness and ex­ ships and totalitarian governments wm One can go on and on. ercise programs for the State Police. The soon or easily surrender their power. The Pr~ident must not lose sight of the city of Baltimore has paid him similar Neither is it reasonable to believe that fact that Romania-one of the richest coun­ accolades for creating such programs for the Communist ideological hatred of tries of Europe before the war-is virtually that community. Western democracies and their eco­ ainother Cuba. nomic-political systems is a thing of the If Ceausescu ls trying to emulate Yugo­ Through the years, our Nation's lead­ slavia politically, he must also do so eco­ ers have constantly stressed the impor­ past. Having endured alternate periods nomically. He must give peasants, workers tance of physical fitness, and have sought of "thaw" and "freeze" in our relations and entrepreneurs the incentive to produce to set an example for our citizens by per­ with the Soviets, we should look hard at and the necessary purchasing power to buy sonal participation in sparts and in vari­ today's cordiality, hopeful that it will the products. ous fitness programs. last, but maintaining realistic skepticism. This is why I believe it is noteworthy The realities of the modem age dictate to point out that among those who hold that nations do their utmost to avoid a membership card to Holiday Centers is ultimate catastroohe, all out nuclear war. PHYSICAL FITNESS President Richard Nixon. It is in our national interest to ease inter­ Recently, Charles B. Wilkinson, spe­ national tensions and to channel na­ HON. FRANK J. BRASCO cial consultant to the President, wrote tional rivalries toward more constructive OF NEW YORK Mr. Bond to express Mr. Nixon's appre­ ends. ciation for the membership card. American society is not perfect. Many IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Mr Wilkinson went on to say that: of the criticisms voiced about our society Thursday, July 24, 1969 The problem of maintaining physical fit­ are valid. But more than any other na­ Mr. BRASCO. Mr. Speaker, 4 yea.rs ness in an increasingly technological so­ tion, we are trying to come to grips with ago, President Lyndon B. Johnson, com­ ciety is of concern to all citizens. Your these problems and to overcome them menting on the Nation's physical fitness, organization is a positive asset in this within the context of our national expe­ made the following observation: regard. rience and in a manner that preserves Despite the ease and convenience of mod­ In light of the accomplishments of personal freedom. In spite of our prob­ ern life, the crucial task of our times de­ Holiday Universal health and recrea­ lems, then, this country can serve as an mands as much strength and stamina as tional centers, this is indeed a well-de­ example of a nation willing to acknowl­ in the past. Physical fitness is, therefore, served tribute. edge its shortcomings and to undertake a matter of national concern. It should to solve them. As we in this country move also be a matter of personal concern for forward toward perfecting our own free­ every citizen. People who spend some leisure doms, we shall continue to lend our sup­ time in vigorous and enjoyable activities are port and encouragement to people far more likely to lead long, productive lives CAPTIVE NATIONS WEEK than those who confuse leisure with lazi­ around the world who work for the same ness. More and more, we are coming to rec­ HON. WILLIAM V. ROTH, JR. cause. ognize that physical fitness in the young ls the best insurance against infirmity and en­ OF DELAWARE forced idleness in old age. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES UNDERESTIMATING THE FARM PROGRAM Our former President thus gave elo­ Wednesday, July 16, 1969 quent expression to the growing aware­ Mr. ROTH. Mr. Speaker, Captive Na­ ness among Americans, particularly over tions Week 1969 is a most appropriate oc­ HON. KEITH G. SEBELIUS the past decade, that physical fitness is casion for the American people and their OF KANSAS vital to general well-being. Government to reaffirm their commit­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES This awareness has given rise to the ment that the people in Communist Thursday, July 24, 1969 development of facilities that are geared bondage shall some day enjoy freedom. to meet and help the physical fitness This will not come as the result of cata­ Mr. SEBELIUS. Mr. Speaker, Mr. Ray needs of our citizens-facilities which strophic armed conflict but, rather, be­ Pierce of the High Plains Journal, one of are indeed performing a service to the cause of the strength and vitality of de­ our Nation's leading agriculture publica­ community because of their emphasis mocracy and individual freedom. tions, recently wrote an editorial that I on the relationship of fitness to overall Mankind's struggle toward liberty has think should be required reading for all good health. endured for thousands of years; it con­ employees of the Department of Agricul­ A leader in this burgeoning field are tinues today around the world. Modem ture. the Holiday Universal, Inc. physical fit­ technology has endowed oppressors with The article is based primarily upan a ness and recreational centers, whose the military might and the means of most unpleasant fact. The American services include fully supervised individ­ political control to hold captive vast farmer is being driven into poverty. ual exercise programs and modern physi­ nwnbers of people. Witness, for exam';>le, Caught between low prices for his prod­ cal fitness departments for men and the brutal Soviet action in Czechoslo­ ucts and inflated prices for the things he women. vakia. Only this week, the Russian peo­ must buy, the farmer is in a most desper­ Holiday Universal, Inc., based in Balti­ ple were denied by their government the ate condition. more, currently owns and manages wonder of seeing man's first step on the Faced with this unpleasant reality, the health and recreational centers in Balti­ moon as it happened. While the Kremlin farmer turns to Washington for help only more, Washington, D.C., Philadelphia, released word of the event to its people, to discover Washington is preoccupied and New York. people on the Chinese mainland remain with the problems of our Nation's cities. Holiday Universal's 15th center will be ignorant because the government con­ While the plight of our Nation's cities dedicated on July 30 by business and tinues its suppression of the truth. is very real and demands immediate at- July 24, 196.9 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 20767 tention we should at least take a com­ IGA and cut their prices considerably below CONGRESS WARNED ON TAX monsense look at the plight of the man prices the United States is required to ask REFORMS whose job it is to feed America. I am sure for our wheat. Wheat groups in Washing".;on asked that the provisions of the IGA be re­ within the depths of the Department of viewed, and that U.S. wheat be kept com­ HON. JAMES B. UTT Agriculture the charts, the graphs, the petitive in the world market. OF CALIFORNIA computers, and, most important, the One of the problems Of the situation is planners have already determined what that the IGA has the force ·of a treaty, and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES constitutes an efficient and accepted farm the State department has a great deal to Thursday, July 24, 1969 operation. What they have not computed say a.bout this sort of thing. The State de­ is the simple fact the American farmer is partment has been a thorn in the side of Mr. UTT. Mr. Speaker, under unani­ a human being tired of being ignored. the drive to increase exports, in any case, mous consent I include a column by Mr. Speaker, Ray Pierce's article sums because wheat has been used in interna­ David Lawrence, appearing in the Wash­ tional relations, and many leaders are con­ ington Evening Star of July 23. This is up the frustrations of the farmer very vinced that state department policies wm well, and it is written in language every relegate the U.S. to the position of residual one of the most important analyses of the bureaucrat should be able to understand. supplier in the world wheat market with entire economy of the Nation that I have So that my urban colleagues will have the State department allowing everything seen for some time. the opportunity to truly gage the think­ else to "go first." I have been disturbed over the daily ing of rural America, I include these re­ If there is an overhaul Of the IGA, as releases of the happenings in the Com­ marks and the article by Mr. Pierce in Congressman Sebelius has suggested in the mittee on Ways and Means. The daily the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD. story on the front of this week's Journal, press accounts do not indicate a vocifer­ you can be assured that Secretary Hardin ous minority who have as yet not taken The article follows: has bad some difficulty with the State de­ [From the High Plains Journal, July 21, partment before it was achieved-and if it flight away from their senses and who 1969] ls not overhauled, that the State department realize that tinkering around with basic tax problems can throw this Nation into UNDERESTIMATING THE FARM PROGRAM AND view prevailed. ITS EFFECT MAY LEAD TO FURTHER UP­ It does not seem that the planners in such confusion that a real economic de­ HEAVAL IN ECONOMIC STRUCTURE Washington who predict. for one thing, thait pression can be triggered. we'll have a national guaranteed income in These sessions are supposed to be "Ex­ We keep receiving rather disturbing re­ 10 years, can see the effect of driving whea.t ports from the Washington scene--from peo­ ecutive," but one side of the story seems producers out of the farm program by lim­ to get out every day, which leaves an ple back from Washington, from conversa­ iting payments under the program. If big tions with people in Washington, and from producers pull out and plant wheat fence erroneous impression in my State of observers. We feel that the administration, to fence, there may be a saving on federal California that I am acquiescing in all our Congressmen and Senators, and staff expenditures for the programs, but the wheat of these decisions, and I most certainly members both in Congress and in the de­ farmers will suffer from ruinous low prices partments of the federal government are am not. underestimating the farm program, the tem­ because of the excess of wheat which 1s So far, we have succeeded in killing the per of the American farmers, and the effect produced. municipal bond market, and in removing There ls no point in shrieking about a the incentive for philanthropy. We have that continuation of that farm program may poverty program while you are driving an­ have on the national economy. other group of people in the country into staggered the petroleum industry. We At the present time everything has a ten­ that program. have nearly wrecked the farm operation dency to slide away like a house on a Cali­ It also does not seem that the planners are and have killed capital operations by fornia hill into the slough of the poverty eliminating any alternative capital gains program. Even the moon shot had back­ taking ·into consideration the desperate ground noises about spending all that money condition of American agriculture caught tax. to go to the moon, when it should be given between low prices for their product and The fine hand of the AFL-CIO is to poor people. inflated prices for the things they must buy. found in every decision, and I, for one, The first solid conslderatlon of the farm One observer comments. that this may be am not ready to turn the tax writing over program-in connection with Congressman the last time the limitation of payments to the AFL-CIO. I am anxious for tax Bob Poage's bill, which ties the program up measure ls turned down by Congress. The demand is too strong from city constituen­ reform, but not at the expense of eco­ with his pet food stamp program-is ques­ nomic sanity, and I will state here and tioned. How much, for instance ls it in ear­ cies. We feel that it is of utmost importance nest, and how much is it for bedeviling the that these city groups understand the bar­ now that I will file a most vigorous mi­ Secretary of Agriculture? gain they are getting in food now-that the nority report and oppose the bill at every We reported on the .trip of the House Ag­ agricultural procLucers are subsidizing the step. riculture committee touring the wheat area, consumer through their low prices-and [From the Washington Evening Star, July and opined that contrary to all the noise that a fair price will be reached (or more 23, 1969] th.an a fair price) 1f they continue to drive being raised about how the tour was con­ CONGRESS WARNED ON TAX R.Ei'ORMS ducted, the Congressmen received some new people off the farms and ranches until agri­ and interesting 1nformaticn about the farm culture ls in the hands Of a few who can (By David Lawrence) program. This seems to be so, from reports control their markets by themselves. The big news today affecting the pocket­ trickling back. We have seen all kinds of protes·ts, dem­ books of the American people has not ye·t Apparently, some of the information onstrations, and things which can be called reached Congress. But back home millions gleaned by our Representatives has pene­ nothing but irresponsible riots, because of of taxpayers-both individuals and busi­ trated the Department of Agriculture veil demands of groups on our government. We nesses-find themselves confused, uncertain which has been up ever since Hardin became believe that the American farmer probably and worried about so-called "tax reforms." Secretary of Agriculture. It has been causing the least likely of all American groups to If Congress extends the tax surcharge some difficulty, we understand, in the Bureau indulge in such behavior, ls olose to follow­ which has been in effect, this would not dis­ of the Budget, whose pencil pushers have de­ ing suit 1f he ls ignored as a "safe bet" in turb the economy. The vague innuendoes cided there needs to be a 16 per cent cutback national legislation. and contradictory declarations, howevoc, by in wheat acreage. American farmers don't want to be re­ the leaders of the Democratic party in Con­ Word ls that farmers think a 10 per cent trained for city jobs-they want to farm. gress have brought a state of uncertainty cut in wheat acreage ls enough and that 16 And 1f the es.tlmaite of needs for food in the that could have a damaging impact imme­ (24 also was suggested) 1s too high. And world are valid, we had better see to it that diately on business and on employment. this word, apparently, has been relayed to he does farm and that his production is This does not mean that the public doesn't the USDA, and taken into consideration in marketed. want tax reforms that are proper and equi­ their thinking. If we read the signs aright, the American table. But it doesn't want to· see laws en­ Conclusion to make, tt would appear, ts farmer is in no tem.per to serve at the whims acted that w111 upset business operations and that 1f a 10 per cent cut comes out, Secre­ of bureaucrats anywhere, or to be a guinea planning by individuals, including the fu­ tary Hardin will have won a round with pig for unrealistic program experiments, or ture of estates and bequests for their chil­ the Bureau of the Budget. Flarmers will be 1;o be shoved down the priority totem pole dren. able to see how well Secretary Hardin can below the poverty program, the indigent, the Nor do the American people want to see represent them. unemployable, and the non-producers he local taxes throughout the country sudden­ We also hear rumblings about the Inter­ has been supporting with taxes lo these ly increased because Congress may have national Grains Arrangement. many years. taken away the tax exemptions now per­ Wheat groups are concerned because other This is no time for underestimating mitted on income obtained from interest on countries have been able to manipul'81te the American agriculture. municipal and state bonds. 20768 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 24, 1.969 Tax regulations are imbedded so deeply in SOLON WANTS NEWSMEN To DISCLOSE wavered. The great depression. The Joe Mc­ the whole economic mechanism that if Con­ EARNINGS Carthy witch hunts. The current growing gress tampers with many of the existing COLUMBUS, OHIO.-The minority leader in power of the military and the hopeless muck rates and rules, it can only result in panicky the Ohio Senate has suggested that news­ of its Vietnam quagmire. But the rays of that sales of property that would not otherwise paper reportem covering the Ohio Legislature long-ago morning sun lighting up Old Glory have taken place. Also, real estate taxes and should be required to di5close their annual and the torch of liberty have always been perhaps sales taxes will have to be raised in earnings. beacons beconing toward the perfectib111ty almost every state of the union in order to Charles J . Carney, Democrat, of Youngs­ of a nation and its citizens. Beacons to light obtain funds for local projects which were town, said: "I am convinced that most re­ the way when he backed away from dubious previously financed by money borrowed from porters are hoileSlt. But a few have oonflicts thoughts and questionable associations. the general public by the states and cities. of interest because they have been on the Question policies? Yes. Criticize corrupt or Plenty of concern is being exhibited by payrolls of various lobbyists." misguided leaders? Of course. Sneer at "the colleges and universities, as well as by The Senator said that, under his proposal, establishment" in youthful, impatient heat? hospitals and charitable institutions, which members of the press corps would be ma.de Naturally. Point to potentially better ways o! have been dependent upon large contribu­ officers of the court. operating our economy and body politic? tions from persons of middle or high in­ That ls a duty of all free Americans. But to comes. For the government to require higheT desecrate our flag? Never l tax payments than before will merely di­ It is too bad indeed that the immature minish the money given to charity. The fu­ Ininds who desecrate our flag and the in­ ture value of lots of family farms, too, w111 THE FLAG WAVED PROUDLY IN stitutions for which it stands have never be adversely affected by changes in tax rates THE MORNING LIGHT shared that wonderful moment of the 15- on what are known as capital gains. year old-shared that exultant thought of Tax toopholes that ought to be closed can, a steerage passenger, "this is my land!" of course, be found in present laws. But it HON. JOHN M. ZWACH is one thing to correct inequities here and OF MINNESOTA there, and quite another to institute a pro­ gram of "tax reform" which changes the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES basic principles of the existing income tax Thursday, July 24, 1969 PUERTO RICAN CONSTITUTION system. To tamper with the capital gains tax, DAY, 1969 for instance, is a risk to the economy, and Mr. ZWACH. Mr. Speaker, faced, al­ may encourage the sale of property that most daily, as we are, with examples of ought to be held for long term investment. flag desecration and examples of disre­ What is back of all the demands for tax HON. FRANK ANNUNZIO spect for our country and its institu­ OF ILLINOIS reform? Presumably it arises from a public tions, as well as a general lack of patriot­ sentiment which favors tax relief for middle­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and lower-income groups. But most people, ism, i·t is very refreshing when someone including members of Congress, will be sur­ takes the opposite stance and gives a Thursday, July 24, 1969 prised when they find out the simple truth­ public display of their love of their coun­ Mr. ANNUNZIO. Mr. Speaker, 17 years namely, that a 100 percent tax on all tax­ try. ago today, July 25, a constitution unique able incomes over $100,000 a year for mar­ Mr. Speaker, I came across such an in­ in all the annals of government was pro­ ried couples, and over $50,000 a year for staince recently when reading a copy of claimed. On that day Luis Mufioz Marin, single persons, would produce a revenue of the Midland Cooperaitive, a publication only $3 billion a year. At the same time, this Governor of Puerto Rico, announced the would deprive the American free enterprise going to more than 180,000 families in fulfillment of a compact between his system of much capital that is used to build Minnesota, Iowa, Wisconsin, and North people and their fell ow Americans on the new factories and provide employment for and South Dakota. mainland. an increasing population. Instead of curbing The editor, Erick Kendall, came to A semicolonial area had evolved from inflation, the imposition of such a levy could America 46 years ago as a 15-yoor-old a status of dependency into l\ condition be one of the factors that would bring on boy. of partnership with the Federal Govern­ a serious breakdown in the national econ­ Mr. Speaker, I would like to share with omy. ment. Puerto Rico had become a free What is the answer? For one thing, Con­ my colleagues and all of the people who Commonwealth associated with the gress should extend the income tax sur­ read the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, an edi­ United States, and henceforth was to be charge promptly. Also, if it is going to enact torial written by Mr. Kendall and which, fully autonomous in local a~airs. Its any tax reforms, they should be adopted in appropriately, appeared in the publica­ dignity as a self-governing unit within the next few weeks instead of allowing the ti·on just before the Fourth of July. the naitional framework could be reduced whole matter to drift for many months while The editorial follows: private planning is frustrated and proper­ or altered, moreover, only by the mutual THE FLAG WAVED PROUDLY IN THE MORNING consent of the Puerto Rican and Fed­ ties subject to the capital-gains tax are LIGHT dumped on the market, with values falling. eral Governments. There is, to be sure, a need for tax revi­ (By Erick Kendall) The proclamation confounded those sion. But unless the Democratic party, which Foghorns were ululating their mournful professional critics of America who had is in control of both houses of Congress, can song in the early dawn of a Marcll morning propagated the myth that Puerto Rico act immediately to let the people know how as the S.S. United States cautiously entered they are going to be taxed and what is to the New York Harbor. "We are there," shouted would never be permitted to come of age. be exempted, the United States may find a fellow immigrant, shaking the 15-year old In truth, however, this lovely-if itself in the midst of a recession by the early boy. "We are in America!" "stricken"-island had not fit the classic part of 1970, if not by the autumn of this The boy jumped into his home spun suit, colonial mold since 1917, when American year. The responsibility for thi:s will be bashed the furry Cossack cap on his head, citizenship was accorded all those Puerto placed in the 1970 elections upon the Dem­ and followed the other steerage passengers to Ricans who desired it. Under this grant, ocratic party and not on the administration. the upper deck. any Puerto Rican who chose American All members of the House of Representa­ Suddenly, as if on command the fog lifted tives and one-third of the Senate will be and there on the port side loomed a world citizenship could, at any time, migrate to elected next year. Unless the current tactics 'famous lady with her torch of liberty, and the mainland and enjoy all the rights of of the Democratic majority in Congress are near at hand the star spangled banner waved citizenship accruing to any resident of changed, the resentment of the citizens gen­ proudly in the light breeze, its red, white any of the States. erally will be apparent in the heavy vote and blue brilliantly lit by the early morning As for the United States exploiting the cast against the party in power. sun. island economically, the record reveals The boy removed his cap and broke into the precisely opposite practice. Virtually a. happy, triumphant smile. "Good bye, old SOLON WANTS NEWSMEN TO world," he thought. "This is now my land, devoid of natural resources, Puerto Rico's DISCLOSE EARNINGS and these are its symbols. May both of us economy was entirely an agrarian one have luck." until the inception of "Operation Boot­ That was 46 years ago and the then 15- strap" in the 1940's; and Washington HON. WILLIAM L. HUNGATE year old, now this elderly editor, has been was generous indeed in providing as­ OF MISSOURI through many a mm. But through depres­ sitance to the impoverished islanders. sions and doubts, through national policies IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES From 1930 through fiscal 1952 the Fed­ he couldn't agree with, through periods when eral Government gave Puerto Rico a total Thursday, July 24, 1969 his seemingly god-like heroes turned out to have feet of clay, he has never completely lost of $591,671,582 in direct grants and Fed­ Mr. HUNGATE. Mr. Speaker, the fol­ that teen-aged enthusiasm for America's eral aid payments. Certainly, this lowing article from the July 12 Editor & symbols. largesse does not reflect imperialistic Publisher may be of interest: There have been times when his faith iniquity. July 24, 1.969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 20769 But even within America's own terri­ bootstraps to an elevation unattained by of Minnesota, and he is now senior part­ torial complex, Puerto Rico has not fol­ the citizens of any other country in all ner of this corporation. Numerous com­ lowed the norm. The island has never Latin Americ1a. panies have grown out of this partner­ been granted the status of an incorpo­ Mr. Speaker, I have a particularly ship, including ARO, Inc., which was rated territory, which means that, while warm and close feeling in my heart for organized in 1950 to manage and operate it belongs to- the United States, it is not the Puerto Rican people, for I have the the Arnold Engineering Development an integral part of this country. This is privilege of representing many of them Center for the Air Force at Arnold Air why Puerto Ricans pay no Federal in­ who reside in the Seventh Congressional Force Station, Tenn. come taxes. District of Illinois. They have made valu­ Sverdrup & Parcel served the Air Force Nevertheless, Puerto Ricans have en­ able contributions, in the United States as consultant and engineer-architect for joyed since 1947 the right to elect their as well as in Puerto Rico, and I want to the preliminary investigation, site selec­ own Governor. On the other hand, the take this opportunity to extend my best tion, master planning, detailed design of people of Alaska and Hawaii were denied wishes to the people of the Common­ most test facilities, and certain other such a right until their territories, which wealth of Puerto Rico for continuing specialized facilities and preparation of were incorporated, became States. peace and prosperity in the years ahead. design criteria for facilities to be de­ Thus, the unprejudiced observer must It is indeed a pleasure for me to join signed by others at the AEDC. dismiss any allegation of exploitation in this salute to Puerto Rico and her After the design had been substan­ with regard to the residents of our Carib­ people on the occasion of Puerto Rican tially completed, the Secretary of the Air bean Commonwealth. The Puerto Ricans Constitution Day. Force asked General Sverdrup, utilizing govern themselves, they participate in the expertise of the design team, to es­ most Federal programs, including social tablish and set up an organization to security, and they live under the mantle bring into fruition the capability of man­ that protects all American citizens-the TRIBUTE TO GEN. L. J. SVERDRUP, aging and operating the center. American fiag-and yet, they are not AND HIS CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE Utilizing the design team as the nu­ subject to pay taxes. NATION'S SUCCESSFUL MOON cleus he then brought together with them This is not to say, however, that the LANDING the finest scientific and engineering tal­ Puerto Ricans live on a one-way street. ent available-from all parts of the coun­ Their sons are subject to military duty try-and trained hundreds of native in America's Armed Forces while their HON. JOE L. EVINS Tennesseans in the arts and crafts of own voice is all but silent in the election OF TENNESSEE aerospace testing. More than 3,600 people of national officers and in the determina­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES are currently employed on ARO's payroll tion of national policies. While resident Thursday, July 24, 1969 and some 300 Air Force personnel both on the island, they are denied entrance military and civilian are assigned to the into the electoral college and their only Mr. EVINS of Tennessee. Mr. Speaker, Arnold Center-which represent the pay­ direct influence on the Congress lies in thousands of people and hundreds of ment of nearly 39 millions in wages and the person of their Resident Commis­ different companies and agencies con­ salaries in my district this year. sioner, who has unlimited right to talk tribu~d to the successful landing of our To date, AEDC represents a national in committee and on the floor of the astronauts on the moon. But as General asset totaling more than $415 million House, but cannot vote in either place. Ferguson recently said in a public ad­ and provides this Nation with the largest I want to take this opportunity to dress at the formal opening of the Ar­ environmental test facility in the free commend Hon. JORGE L. CORDOVA, Resi­ nold Engineering Development Center's world. Such a costly laboratory has, in dent Commissioner for Puerto Rico, who new airfield: the words of Gen. Bernard A. Schriever, was elected to serve in the 9 lst Congress In· a real sense, the route to the moon recently retired head of the Air Poree and has done an admirable job in repre­ passes through Tullahoma, Tennessee and Sy.stems Command, "paid for itself many senting his people since coming to Con­ the Arnold Center. times over through its contributions to gress. Carrying that thought a little further, our aerospace progress." our success in The annual observiance of Puerto the route to the moon also passed meeting President Kennedy's announced Rican Constitution Day is of profound through the little village of Sulen, Nor­ goal of reaching the moon in the next importance in at least two major re­ way, back in January of 1898. It was decade, is further affirmation of the cen­ spects. First, the Constitution spelled here that the man who designed the gi­ ter's value to the Nation. out, in an instrument approved by the ant wind tunnels and test cells at Arnold Because of the developmental testing people and governments of both Puerto Center, which figured so prominently in of the Saturn V Apollo spacecraft ait Rico and the United States, the nature the development of the Apollo vehicle, Arnold Center, we were successful in and extent of Puerto Rico's right to gov­ was born. landing American astronauts on the ern itself. Its provisions, unlike those in Eventually, Leif John Sverdrup found moon before the Russians. These tests an act formulated by Congress alone, his way to the hills of Tennessee, among began on June 6, 1960, with a small are not, in all probability, subject to the people whom I am honored to rep­ scale model of a proposed launch ve­ unilateral modification. The Constitu­ resent in Congress. Since his life and hicle. They continued until the end of tion, in other words, is a compact, or a numerous contributions to the building the Apollo 11 misslon-when all otf the contract, written in concrete. of this Nation are important and of in­ rocket engines, boosters and components Secondly, the Constitution represents terest to my colleagues and the Ameri­ otf the vehicle had proven that they could to a proud people an enlightened affir­ can people, I place in the RECORD here­ get our astronauts to the moon, land mation of freedom and self-government with a few of the facts regarding Gen­ them there, and bring them back safely. which they fashioned entirely on their eral Sverdrup and the great company Years of development time and millions own; Uncle Sam did not dictate a word which he heads. of dollars were saved because of the flex­ and offered no patronizing advice. Cog­ He came to this country in 1914 and ibility of Arnold Center's giant wind tun­ nizant that they are masters of their 4 years later became a naturalized citi­ nels and test cells, and the capabilities own destiny, the people of Puerto Rico zen. He graduated with a B.A. degree and ingenuity of the people in Tennessee have been inspired to write one of the from Augsburg College, MinneaPoliS, who operate them. most remarkable chapters in the history Minn., in 1918, after serving with the The man who is chiefly responsible for of man's material and spiritual develop­ U.S. Army during World War I and with the design and operation of this giant ment. They have transformed their a B.S. degree in civil engineering from complex had been honored many, many "stricken land" into a showcase of de­ the University of Minnesota in 1921. times by local, State, National, and inter­ mocracy in action. They have made mag­ He was employed by the Minnesota national governments. In 1953, Norway nificent progress in erasing the pinch of State Highway Department, after which conferred upon him the highest decora­ poverty from the faces of the young and he joined the Missouri State Highway tion which that Government can bestow in smoothing the furrows of despair that Department. In 1928, he entered into a on a noncitizen, the Order of St. Olav, had marred the faces of the old. And consulting engineering partnership, grade of Commander with Star. they walk with pride befitting a people Sverdrup & Parcel, with John I. Parcel, For his outstanding performance 1n who have lifted themselves by their own his former professor at the University the building of 200 airstrips and airfields, 20770 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 24, 1.969 numerous roads and bridges, as well as future is the bright -and shining thing to The State Division of Mines and Geol­ hospitals, docks, and other installations look toward. ogy and two branches of the Alaska Mi­ needed in the Pacific during World War He said this, and I say these few of ners Association have encouraged me to II, he has been decorated with this Na­ his many enumerated achievements are secure trade routes for Alaskan copper tion's Distinguished Service Cross, Dis­ indicative of the ingenuity and capabil­ resources. While the Export Control Act tinguished Service Medal, Legion of ities of the man. The State of Tennessee, of 1949 may perform a valuable service Merit, the Purple Heart, and four foreign the Fourth Congressional District, and in protecting American interests in decorations. He returned from the Pa­ the Nation are indeed fortunate to have many cases, in the instance of copper in cific in 1945 with the rank of major gen­ Leif John Sverdrup as a citizen and a Alaska, it has only been a hindrance. eral. In 1957, Secretary of the Army friend. His contributions are immense. This bill will enable American indus­ Wilbur Brucker awarded General Sverd­ tries to free mineral resources, it will rup the Department's Certificate of boost the Alaskan economy, and it will Achievement for his outstanding contri­ improve the national balance of pay­ butions to the Army. ments. The company headquarters is located CHANNELS OF TRADE FOR ALASKA in St. Louis, Mo., with 11 regional of­ fices in the United States including OUR NATIONAL PASTIME Nashville and Tullahoma, Tenn., and in HON. HOWARD W. POLLOCK other cities of the world such as Bang­ OF ALASKA kok, Oslo, Rome, Tokyo and Toronto. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES HON. THOMAS P. O'NEILL, JR. OF MASSACHUSE'ITS He has engaged in engineering achieve­ Thursday, July 24, 1969 ments throughout the world, Australia, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Mr. POLLOCK. Mr. Speaker, today I Argentina, Brazil, canada, Colombia, Thursday, July 24, 1969 Denmark, Honduras, India, Indonesia, am introducing legislation which will Iran, Italy, Korea, Kuwait, Laos, Libya, open more channels of trade for Alaska. Mr. O'NEILL of Massachusetts. Mr. Netherlands, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Specifically, it will exempt copper mined Speaker, this centennial year of profes­ Panama, Paraguay, Philippines, Saudi in the State of Alaska from the ExPort sional baseball serves to remind us that Arabia, Sudan, South Pacific (Aitutaki, Control Act of 1949, and allow Alaskans the game of baseball may truly be con­ Fiji, New Caledonia, Penryhn, Tonga­ to export it to non-Communist countries. sidered our "national pastime." It is a tobu) , South Vietnam, and Thailand. Under the present law, unrefined game whose popularity first developed These achievements include transpor­ copper ores, concentrates, and matte are during the first half of the 1800's. Inter­ tation facilities, buildings, industrial under a "closed quota" export system. est in the game multiplied yearly, ulti­ facilities, research and development This means that the Department of mately evolving into the establishment of facilities, electric power, water manage­ Conunerce does not approve export the Cincinnati Red Stockings in 1869, ment, and construction management. licenses unless the unrefined copper can­ America's first regular professional team. Within these broad categories we may not be processed in the United States be­ It is my pleasure to be able to enthusi­ identify a few, such as the Chesapeake cause of technological or economic astically join all Americans in the cele­ Bay Bridge-Tunnel; the two span con­ reasons. Even if a license is granted, it bration of th3 lOOth anniversary of this tinuous bridge over the Missouri River at must be renewed every 6 months, with important moment in the history of the St. Joseph, Mo.; design of the unloading approval by no means guaranteed. sport. pier at Mena Al-Ahmadi, Kuwait on the It is difficult and expensive for Alaskan The game of baseball is actively en­ Persian Gulf; Lake Maracaibo Oil Field copper to be shipped to the "south 48" joyed by large numbers of Americans. Repressurization System in Venezuela; States for refining. Thus, domestic proc­ The youth of this country seem to gain the Mississippi Test Facility Saturn V essing is impractical. Japanese firms an enthusiastic ~,ppreciation for the Complex; the Th,atcher Ferry Bridge would be interested in developing and sport which serves them throughout their over Panama Canal at Balboa, Canal purchasing Alaskan copper if long-term lives. This enthusiasm is of a nature Zone; the Sidney Lanier Bridge near contracts could be negotiated, but eco­ which allows one, when unable to actu­ Brunswick, Ga., winner of honorable nomical arrangements cannot be made ally participate in the game, to vicari­ mention in AISC Annual Aesthetic on the insecure half-year basis imPosed ously experience the many joys and Bridge Competition. by the license regulations. As the State sorrows connected with this great game. He also designed and provided engi­ director of the division of mines and The many radio listeners and television neering supervision during construction geology stated: viewers, as well as the thousands of fans of the AMF monorail at the New York It is not a case of getting better prices in who flock to the ballparks to SUPPort World's Fair; the Busch Memorial Sta­ Japan, but it is a case of allowing us to get their favorite teams, all point toward dium; the U.S. Air Force Academy Field into business because of cheaper shipping in this time-honored American baseball House, Colorado Springs, Colo.; the that direction, if we can clear the way !or phenomenon. Granite City Steel Co. office build­ long-term export contracts. In this country today Americans are ing and First Granite City National Meanwhile, a wealth of copper pros­ forced daily to withstand the tension Bank, Granite City, Ill.; the Anheuser­ pects are still awaiting development in from the many existing national prob­ Busch, Inc., brewery, Houston, Tex.; the the State. lems. It is an era where war and the Mueller Co. plant at Brea, Calif., se­ Not only are the resources rendered threat of war is the order of the day. lected in 1965 by Factory magazine as useless, but the economy of the State and It is a time when urban problems and one of "Ten Top Plants of Year"; engi­ the Nation is being hobbled. U.S. smelter domestic strife place great pressure on neering services for "Titan I Missile production from imported primary cop­ every responsible American. It is thus my Launcher System,'' American Machine per materials during the time between belief that there has never been a time & Foundry Co.; the Spacecraft As­ January and October, 1968, totaled as fitting as the present when the Nation sembly and Testing Laboratory, McDon­ 220,000 tons. During the same period, should express its gratitude for having nell Co., St. Louis, Mo.; the Polysonic 700,000 of blister and refined copper and such a pleasurable national pastime. Wind Tunnel Facility, McDonnell Co., 654,000 tons of unmanufactured copper By attending one of the many games of St. Louis, Mo., the 12.5 billion electron­ came into the country. Since we are im­ baseball, an individual, if only for a few volt zero gradient synchrotron, Ar­ Porting so much refined copper anyway, short hours, is often able to leave many gonne National Laboratory, operated by it would be beneficial to the U.S. balance of his troubling cares and worries at the University of Chicago for the U.S. of payments to supply copper to those home. Viewing a game often allows one to Atomic Energy Commission; the Dalles foreign industries which are processing be able to not only lose oneself in the Powerhouse on Columbia River, Oreg., ore for America. In addition, mining is excitement of the game, but to rid oneself construction management of V /STOL a labor-intensive industry. Men, ma­ of many of one's pent-up emotions. Few Wind Tunnel for the Lockheed-Georgia chinery and supplies are required to ex­ experiences are as totally carefree and Co. at Marietta, Ga. cavate, crush, concentrate, and trans­ enjoyable as to be able to root one's Don't look back, look forward. The build­ port ore to market. These requirements favorite team to victory. It is an enjoy­ ing wlll be in the future, not in the past. will be met through the creation of more ment equally appreciated by all; it is an The "good old days" are mainly old. The jobs for Alaskan workers. emotion that knows no social barriers. July 24, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 20771 The free expression of this type of adventure themselves. Mr. Speaker, I the crowning triumph of a.n ordered accident emotional release has never been more am referring to the thousands of Mor­ in nature. To the anthropologist, it is tool­ making of a consummate order. To the clearly demonstrated than in regard to mon residents of my State of Nevada and geologist, it may be the key to the cosmic my hometown team, the Red Sox. Over neighboring Utah whose ancestors moved mystery. To the theist, it is a profession of the years, along with the thousands of into Utah and 22 years later established faith by men who, though not divine, are other Red Sox fans, I have cheered wd Las Vegas, Nev. These were the first set­ touched by divinity. The plaque left behind supported the team through its many tlers of Las Vegas. It is to them, and those in the searing noons and frozen nights on trial's and tribulations. At times, I must first Mormons into Utah, to whom I pay the Sea of Tranquillity is a blend of the admit, it seemed that the Red Sox had tribute today along with our newest of rational and the ethical. more than their share of "bad breaks"; 11 "Here men from the planet Earth fitst set explorers, the crew of Apollo who foot upon the moon," it reads. "We came in but my enthusiasm never waned. In 1967, touched down on the moon, and thank­ peace for all mankind." It is written in after a long and particularly rigorous fully, returned safely to earth today. stainless steel and meant for the ages. season, the Red Sox won the American Mr. Speaker, as the drama has un­ Yet the great pyramids and the Aztec ruins League pennant. After an initial lull folded for Americans these past days and the flint arrow points in the secret sands caused by the traumatic shock of actu­ during the epical flight of Apollo 11, so of a thousand rivers are there to remind us ally winning the race, the fans broke must have been the case for the early that the dream is so terribly vulnerable. Only out of their trance and went wild with Nevada and Utah pioneers. And, those when a divided mankind has met the larger test-which is the test of spirit-can it be elated joy. One could actually feel the pioneers would surely know Nevada and kI1J0wn whether that steel marker wm be a emotional fervor wd excitement. Names Las Vegas are as space oriented as our monument to vision or, perhaps, a wistful like "Reggie," "Yaz" and "Conig" were new space age itself when one looks upon artifact af a species that failed. proudly on the lips of the many baseball the technology located in and around enthusiasts in the Boston area. It was Las Vegas, and, more notably, our own as if every Red Sox fan, through his aotual space effort at the Nevada Nuclear tenacious and avid support for the team Rocket Development Station at the Ne­ MRS. HELEN DE YOUNG CAMERON had personally helped the individual vada test site. players earn the pennant. The settlement of Las Vegas, which This centennial year of baseball is of grew at first with the 2 Y2 acres which HON. PHILLIP BURTON particular significance to me. One of my each Mormon settler allotted himself, has OF CALIFORNIA all-time favorite Red Sox baseball play­ grown into the most exciting city Ameri­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ers, Ted Williams, has come to Wash­ cans know it to be today. So Nevada, and Thursday, July 24, 1969 ington, my second home, to aid the especially Las Vegas, owes much of its Washington Senators in their quest to heritage to the faithful and b:vave pioneer Mr. BURTON of California. Mr. win an Americ:an League pennant. I wish Mormons. Today their numbers range Speaker, it is with deep regret that I Ted all the luck in the world, and hope from 30,000 to 35,000 in southern Nevada. must inform the House that a great lady that he is truly successful in carrying Their contributions to Nevada have not of San Francisco, Mrs. Helen de Young his team to a second-place finish-be­ gone unnoticed nor will they be forgotten, Cameron, has died. hind the Red Sox, of course. Drawing just as the contributions by the Apollo 11 Mrs. Cameron was a lady of great in­ from my observations of his managerial astronauts will be properly recorded in tellect and human kindness. She was a performance, he has already instilled history, never to be forgotten. daughter of Mr. M. H. de Young who was much of the same kind of Boston en­ a pioneer newspaper publisher in our ctty thusiasm and spirit which I have enjoyed and with his brother founded the San over the years through the Red Sox. Francisco Chronicle. At her death, Mrs. I would also like to take this oppor­ JOURNEY FOR ALL MANKIND Cameron was a director of that news­ tunity to sincerely congratulate Joseph paper publishing company. E. Cronin upon his being recognized as During her lifetime Mrs. Cameron was the greatest living shortstop. Mr. Cronin HON. RICHARD BOLLING an active participant in the social, cul­ is not only a fine baseball player, but is OF MISSOURI tural, intellectual, and charitable life of a great gentleman and a credit to the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES our community. game of baseball. The award could not Thursday, July 24, 1969 She was a director of the San Fran­ be given to a more deserving individual. cisco Symphony Association and the San I should finally like to close by offering Mr. BOLLING. Mr. Speaker, on July Francisco Opera Association, and hon­ a salute to the game of baseball, and 21, 1969, the Kansas City star had a par­ orary president of the M. H. de Young thank it for performing its continuing ticularly wise editorial on the significance Memorial Museum. and important role of acting not only of the great journey for all mankind. It During her long lifetime of 86 years as a welcomed emotional outlet but as follows: Mrs. Cameron was a leader in the local a source of pure enjoyment for all JOURNEY FOR ALL MANKIND Red Cross, in Catholic charities and hos­ Americans. With the touch of his booted foot on an pitals, institutions for foundlings and arid lunar plain, man has turned the planet indigents, and organizations for helping of his creation from a space-locked island to the blind. a universal port of call and proclaimed She was chairman of the women's dominion over the stars. MORMON SETTLERS TO MOON Surrounded and saited by our lesser board of the Golden Gate International SPACEMEN miracles-the steel birds in the July night Exposition in 1939, at which time the overhead, the cataclysm ticking paitiently in New York Times referred to her as "one buried silos, the electronic picture coming of the leading hostesses of the West, fa­ HON. WALTER S. BARING live across a quarter million miles--we re­ miJiar with social technique at home and OF NEVADA ceived the news. And in those tentative steps abroad, a linguist of distinction and a of the first moon men, rediscovered our IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES friend of celebrlties on two continents." capacity to wonder. Mrs. Cameron was born in San Fran­ Thursday, July 24, 1969 There is pride of nation in this moment, and that is forgivable. But there is also a cisco and educated at the Convent of the Mr. BARING. Mr. Speaker, this is a larger pride of species. The creature with the Sacred Heart there, the Dominican Con­ day of days for all Americans as our apposed thumb and the boundless dream­ vent in San Rafael, and the Convent of most modern-day explorers return safely scarcely equipped even to rule his own en­ the Assumption in Paris. She later from the greatest step of mankind­ vironment-has dared call himself "the studied music and languages in Berlin onto the moon. I am reminded of our eagle" and go where wit alone would let him and Dresden. She spoke French, Italian, early-day Americans who took mighty live. And we-the collective we--a.re that German, and Spanish. big steps themselves in the exploration creature. She married George Toland Cameron One thing is certain: Man's view of him­ and settlement days of our Nation. self, or of the potential of his reach, can in 1908. They built their home, Rosecourt It is on this day, July 24, 1969, with never again be the same. Children too young in Hillsborough, in 1913. It was here that the return of the Apollo 11 astronauts, today to mark an era's passing will, tomor­ she died. that 122 years ago a very famous and row, let go their toes and grasp a universe. Mr. Speaker, Mrs. Cameron was a proud people stepped into a new fruitful To the biologist, Apollo's journey may be great patron of the arts, a woman who 20772 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 24, 1969 cared for her community and for the merely sympathize with the revolutionary of this century. The "general strike" propa­ well-being of its people, whose charities cause. gated at that time by George Sorel cele­ were boundless and joy of life a delight. It would, however, be quite incorrect to brates a remarkable renais·sance in the vari­ Her death is a great loss to San Fran­ include the entire youth in these categories. ous violent ac·tions against th•e "establish­ cisco, a city of whose spirit she was a The largest percentage of young people in ment." Sorel emphasized that in the course living example. most countries, and the federal republic of the reV'olutionary sitruggle, the forms of must certainly be included in this observa­ the future society would emerge and that We deeply sympathize with her family tion, has a pronounced conservative attitude therefore a statement conc.erning the future during this period of sorrow and know toward existing values and institutions. The political, economic, and social order repre­ they will have consolation, as do we, that logical and correct deduction is that the sented a. "bourgeois" approach and for this the good she has done still lives and will, radical and militant revolutionaries are not reason mus·t be rejected. In the opinion of beyond our lifetime. repr·esentative for today's younger genera­ this writer, the "ideological" idle talk should tion. However, the small though vocal minor- not be taken too seriously. 1ty has a perfect knowledge of the best meth­ The methodology of revolutionary actions ods of making itself heard. And furthermore, in various countries shows a certain similar­ these revolutionary and radical militant ity. This is at least in part explained by GERMAN YOUTH RESTLESS groups receive a great deal of support from existing personal contacts and the exchange a substantial portion of reporters and com­ of revolutionary leaders on an international mentators working for the mass media of level. For example, German revolutionaries HON. CLEMENT J. ZABLOCKI communication who either are themselves in participated during the May revolt of 1968 in sympathy or agreement with the revolution­ OF WISCONSIN Paris and in the demonstrations in London. ary objectives or who depend on sensational­ But also individual revolutionaries a.re "in­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ism in order to sell their questionable prod­ vited" by left radical groups in other coun­ Thursday, July 24, 1969 ucts. Also this is a situation which exists in tries to conduct "lecture tours" which in part most of the Western countries, although the at least are utilized to pass on experience Mr. ZABLOCKI. Mr. Speaker, Dr. Eric federal republic might have a larger share of gained during "revolutionary actions." While Waldman, professor of political science left-oriented so-called intellectuals, and the there are similarities in the actions, the at the University of Calgary and recog­ journalists and reporters are definitely in­ issues used in the various countries are of nized German scholar, has recently re­ cluded in this group. considerable difference. For example, a fight turned from a 2-month research and Some observers assert that over 50 per cent against "Fascism" in the federal republic as of German "intellectuals" are left of center. a result of the passing of the emergency factfinding visit to Germany. This high percentage is hardly representative As part of his continuing study of and power amendments to the German basic law of the political attitude of· the over-all Ger­ has absolutely no meaning in North Amer­ interest in the problem of political radi­ man population. As a result of the highly ica. In the U.S. the war in Vietnam and the calism, Dr. Waldman published in the one-sided reporting of incidents of public racial problem furnish far more effective Calgary Herald of July 5 an enlightening disorder and violent student actions, the im­ issues to conduct the revolutionary struggle account of restlessness and rebellion pression is frequently created that "the Ger­ against the existing political, social, and man youth" or "the students" are pursuing economic institutions. among German youth. the objective of a revolutionary change of It is the view of many observers that the In order to share with my colleagues the present value system and of our political Dr. Waldman's interesting views I am coming fall will find a marked change in the and social institutions. One should realize, situation in the U.S. with regard at least to pleased to place his article in the CoN­ for example, that from the 20,000 students attending the University of Cologne only student rebellion and campus disorders. It GRESSION AL RECORD at this point. can be expected that definite actions will be The article follows: about 30 form the cadre of the militant revolutionaries. But still these 30 dedicated undertaken by governmental organizations, GERMAN YOUTH REsTLESSNESS activists are capable of keeping the entire supported by the vast majority of the popu­ (By Dr. Eric Waldman) university community in a continuous up­ lation which has grown tired of "campus Most newspaper readers realize that the roar and have managed to create among ad­ revolutionaries," in order to bring to an end Federal Republic of Germany also has her ministrators, faculty and students a feeling the disrupting influences of the non-repre­ share of student violence and other revolu­ of insecurity and helplessness. In other sentative revolutionary minority. In spite of tionary actions, primarily the activities of words, when evaluating the significance of the fact that within an operational democ­ youthful political radicals. This unrest among the left radical movement tn the federal re­ racy only constitutional means can be used, the youth is a phenomenon which during public, a distinction of the qualitative and it must be expected that the implementation the last few years had spread throughout a quantitative impact must be made. of this policy will immediately be identified large part of the world. In spite of the fact AH l·eft radical organizati.ons and revolu­ with a swing to the "right" and with the that many countries are subjected to these tionary groupings are quite small while their actions of a "police state." Some lea.ding experiences, they are not simply the result influence and drisrupting activities are very Canadian politicians have already prophesied of the same set of causes. There are, of noticeable in present-day German l'ife. These this development for the U.S. course, a number of influencing factors small groups have been able to disturb offi­ It is the opinion of this observer that this which are similar in nature because they are cial gatherings, national confeirences of the significant change in the confrontation be­ the outcome of the modern industrial society. major political parties, have managed to or­ tween the revolutionary minority and the These factors are to some degree even of ganize strikes at the univel'IS'ities and con­ rest of the population cannot yet be de­ significance in the countries ruled by Com­ duct acts of individual terror againsit profes­ tected in the federal republic. That means munists. Probably among the most important sors, judges, and pubMc officials. They have that the process of making the people more influences are the de-personalization of the been able to obtain on certain occasions sup­ and more insecure will 1n all probability production process, the levelling impact of port for their activities from a broader seg­ continue. This, however, constitutes a de­ the mass society, and the intensification ment of the population because they utilized velopment which might have devastating re­ of an ever-increasing alienation, an exper~­ their a.otivities on issues which are of inter­ sults. This writer does not share the optimis­ ence which must not only be considered in its est to people who as such are not interested tic evaluation Of the situation as pronounced Marxist interpretation. However, it should be in the real objecibives of the mUitant revo­ by various German public officials, and this noted that deep changes of our basic values lutionaries. For example, the issue of a con­ includes the federal minister of interior. It and concepts preceded these developments. templated. increase in the bus and street is consistently asserted that the peak of the The secularization process, beginning with car fares in Hanover was used to organize revolutionary activities of the political left the Enlightenment, and the progressive ma­ mass d·emonstrations and widespread van­ has been passed. Quite the contrary is the terialistic conceptualization of our lives pro­ dalism. case. At present, a suitable issue for mass vided important stimuli to these develop­ It is also of interest to point out that actions is lacking, as was, for example, pro­ ments. the "ideological" basds af the revolutionary vided by the fight against the emergency The young men or women, living in a more part of youth in Germany i•s a mtlxture of constitutional amendments at the end of or less a:flluent society, are strongly affected various influences, and covern a spectrum 1967 and the beginning of 1968. However, the by their belief that our world does not offer from Maoism, orthodox Communism, nihilis­ number of revolutionary actions has very them a worthwhile purpose or challenging tic an·archism to some of the very confusing definitely increased. Some of these subver­ ideals. Many of them become disenchanted doubletalk of t'he so-oa.Jled neo-Marxists. sive activities are carried on as long-range and overcome by a frightening boredom and Some af the groups stress more the Leninist objectives, such as the subversion of the feeling of loneliness in the midst of an Ul'ban concepts of the proletarian revolution while high school students and future teachers society. others are lOSHomecoming extends through more than three dec­ ican patriotism. During World Wars I Day: Display and library and Departmen·t ades. The freedom of the Germans in and II, in the Korean war, and the war of Public Works open for inspection, 10 AM, East Germany had become a casualty of in Vietnam, Depew sent her brave young Village Hall, adult flower show, 11 AM, lobby Nazi tyranny before the outbreak of the sons off to serve their Nation. They have of Middle School on Transit Rd., adult hobby last war. Unhappy Czechoslovaks shared and crafts show, 11 :30 AM, Middle School always been fearless and brave soldiers, lobby; adult art show, 2-10 PM, Firemen's a similar fate. But the Poles, Baltic peo­ sailors, and airmen. Park; a Night in Munich, Knackwurst and ples, Hungarians, Rumanians, and Bul­ The Fourth of July is always a major dancing, 6 PM, Blessed Sacrament Catholic garians became captive nations during event in Depew and it has been my honor Church, French rd.; Queen's Coronation the war. These peoples suffered and en­ to speak at these observances. I have at­ Ceremony, presentation of cour·t and special dured the hardship of the war, hoping tended religious services and social events pageantry, 8 P.M., Dawson Field; outdoor and praying that their freedom would be at Depew's churches and her people have pageant, first performance, 8:30 PM, Dawson restored to them at the war's end. That been very good to me. My wife and I Field. natural expectation was wholeheartedly Tuesday, Youth Day: Youth parade 1 PM, harbor the deepest feeling of respect and Gould to Bellevue to Terrace to Firemen's shared by the peoples of democracies of affection for her people. Many of our Park; adult art show, 2 to 10 PM, Firemen's the West. At the end of the war, however, dearest friends live in the village of Park; midway and carnival opens, 2 PM, when the Nazi tyranny over these peo­ Depew. Firemen's Park; diaper derby, contest for in­ ples was shattered, they found them­ So that my colleagues will see the fants, 3 PM, Veterans Park; Return to Mu­ selves under the Communist totalitarian breadth and variety of activities planned nich, 6 PM, Blessed Sacrament Church; band tyranny imposed by the Kremlin. for Depew's 75th anniversary, I am in­ concert featuring Lancaster Town Band, 7 This tragic turn of events, deliberately PM, Veterans Park; judging for ladies and cluding in the RECORD at this point a children's costumes, 7:30 PM, Firemen's brought about by the duplicity and comprehensive article about the observ­ Park; presentation of day's highlights, 8 PM, treachery of the Soviet Government, was ance from the Buffalo Evening News of Dawson Field; outdoor pageant, second per­ the rudest shock felt by the leaders of Saturday, July 19, 1969: formance, Dawson Field 8:30 PM. the West's democracies. They rightly felt DEPEW SET FOR DIAMOND JUBILEE Wednesday, Ladies Day: Boy Scout camp­ that they were hoodwinked by the Soviet Depew has planned a week-long birthday out, 10 AM, Veterans Park; baking contest, Government, and diu their best to come party starting Sunday with a plentiful array 1 :30 PM, Veterans Park; adult art show, 2 to a just and satisfactory understanding Of contests, spectacles and touches of the to 10 PM; Firemen's Park; luncheon with on the status and the fate of these peo­ past. award for Depew baby born closest to anni­ ples with the Soviet Government. But the A pageant depicting the village's 75-year versary time, 3 PM; industrial display, 4 to Soviets considered the issue nonnego­ history is slated each weekday evening and 10 PM, Southside Fir·e Hall; Night in Poland, highlights the diamond jubilee festivities. Polish dinner and dance, 6 PM, SS. Peter & tiable, declaring that these peoples were Paul Roman Catholic Church, Berlington St.; now living under governments of "peo­ Depew residents under the direction of professional producers will take part in the judging for men and family costumes, 7 PM, ple's democracies." Actually and unhap-, pageant on a 200-foot outdoor stage at Daw­ Firemen's Park; presentation of day's high­ pily the Communist governments in all son Field, Lincoln and Olmstead Sts. lights, 8 PM, Dawson Field; outdoor pageant, Eastern and Central European lands Other features of the celebration include a third performance, 8: 30 PM, Dawson Field. were instituted by the Kremlin and Parade of Yea.rs, and drum corps competi­ Thursday, Club & Organization Day: In­ maintained there by the Red army. The tion, an inter-faith religious service, costume vitational swim meet, 1 PM, Pool 1, Fire­ and beard contests and a carnival show. men's Park; adult art show, 2 to 10 PM, Fire­ Soviet Government then had raised the men's Park; industrial display, 4 to 10 PM, infamous Iron Curtain between East and OPENS 1 P.M. SUNDAY Southside Fire Hall; ball game, Lancaster West, enslaving all peoples east of that The jubilee opens omcia.lly a.t 1 PM Sun­ Fire Department vs. Depew Fire Department, Curtain. Thus Kremlin's perfidy and day with Mayor Joseph Natale reading a 7 PM; presentation of day's highlights, 8 PM, treachery had caused the captivity of proclamation concerning the week to come. Dawson Field; outdoor pageant, fourth per- 20774 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 24, 1969 formance, 8:30 PM, Dawson Field; fireworks, farmer here at home what it is trying to ebrate this event down the ages. This gen­ 11 PM, Dawson Field. do for the small farmer in Vietnam. eration, so incredibly fortunate as to be Friday, Business & Industry Day: Adult ar·t present at humanity's first stride across the show, 2 to 10 PM, Firemen's Park; industrial $10 MILLION ALLOCATED FOR VIETNAM void, is too close to the ev·ent to be able to exhibit, 4 to 10 PM, Southside Fire Hall; REFORMS judge its full significance. judging of beard contest, 7 PM, Firemen's SAIGON.-The United States today allocated But one important and immediate lesson Park; presentation of day's highlights, 8 PM, $10 m1llion to support a radical new South learned from the triumph of Apollo 11 is that Dawson Field; outdoor pageant, fifth per­ Vietnamese land reform program which men can live and work effectively on the formance, 8:30 PM, Dawson Field; adult would give land to more than 800,000 rice moon, limited only by the supplies of oxy­ moonlight swim, 9 PM, pool 2, Firemen's farmers. gen and other life-sustaining essentials avail­ Park; fireworks, 11 PM, Dawson Field. The plan is the most sweeping in a long able to them. No one who watched Armstrong Saturday, Veterans & Firemen's Day; in­ series of largely ineffective reform attempts and Aldrin bound gracefully, comfortably and dustrial exhibit, 10 AM to 10 PM, Southside and could have strong political implications. purposefully around Tranquility Base can Fire Hall; fire department open house, fire­ The enemy long has capitalized on the have any doubt that the moon can and will ma.tic display, carnival midway opens, 10 AM, fact that a handful of landlords own most be a future focus for human activity of the Firemen's Park; rifle salute, military dis­ land used in producing rice, South Viet­ most diverse kinds. play, 11 AM, Veterans Park; planting of time nam's most important crop. Attempts at land In the midst-of the exciting and unprece­ capsue, 1 :30 PM, Veterans Park; adult art reform have been made for nearly two dec­ dented events of these historic days came the show, 2 to 10 PM, Firemen's Park; drum ades, but vested interests and administrative mysteries that surrounded Luna 15. The con­ corps competition, 3:30 PM, Dawson Field; snarls sharply limited their effect. trast between the complete openness of the parade of years, 6:30 PM, grand finale and PUSH FOR APPROVAL terribly hazardous Apollo flight and the fireworks, 11 PM, Dawson Field. secrecy surrounding the unmanned Soviet President Nguyen Van Thieu's government Luna effort could hardly be more complete. is pushing for legislative approval of the pro­ Soviet space secrecy contributes only to rais­ gram within a month so it can begin redis­ ing suspicions and casting a cloud over the tributing land in August. VIETNAM LAND REFORM futl,lre of that international cooperation so As outlined by the agriculture and land desperately needed for man's journeys to­ reform minister, Cao Van Than, the plan ward the planets and beyond. would involve expropriation of 3.2 million HON. DAVID R. OBEY acres of rice land from private landlords, OF WISCONSIN religious groups and local governments, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES which would be paid 20 per cent of the land value in cash and the remainder in eight­ THE LEXINGTON SCHOOL FOR Thursday, July 24, 1969 year, 5 per cent bonds. THE DEAF Mr. OBEY. Mr. Speaker, an article Tenants would be "allowed and encour­ appeared in the Appleton, Wis., Post aged" to apply for title to their plots, which Crescent several weeks ago indicating would be free of taxes the first year. HON. JAMES -J. DELANEY that the United States is supporting-to COUNTERINFLATION OF NEW YORK the tune of $10 million-land reform ef­ The three-year program would cost $400 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES forts in South Vietnam to break up large million, 10 percenit of which the government Thursday, July 24, 1969 landholding concentrations in the hands hopes to get from the United States. The of a small portion of the Vietnamese funds allocated today in an agreement signed Mr. DELANEY. Mr. Speaker, the world by U.S. Ambassador Ellsworth Bunker and stands in awe after witnessing man's population. Foreign Minister Tran Chanh Thanh are con­ I applaud the purposes of this pro­ most recent advancement to the new tingent on activation of the program. The frontiers of space. Last Sunday's moon gram. But it is ironic that at the same grant is in ~ommodity import aid designed time we are spending large amounts of to counter inflationary effects of the pro­ landing was truly one of the most sig­ money to break up concentrated land­ gram. nificant events in the hfstory of man­ holdings thousands of miles away, there In recent years, the Viet Cong has given kind, and established a milestone in the has been a tremendous increase in the land to farmers in areas it controlled and art of communication. accumulation of farm land by relatively promised to continue free land distribution Today, I would like to call to my col­ few people and corporations in our own if it gains control of the nation. To coun­ leagues attention another impressive ter this, the Saigon regime's new program is effort in the art of communication. I country-aided and abetted by unfair being boosted with a big propaganda effort. Federal tax policies. Bunker and Thanh signed another agree­ refer to the work being done by one of The land reform plan described in the ment today which will give South Vietnam the finest schools of its type in the Na­ article which follows would distribute 3.2 150,000 tons of American rice valued at $25.5 tion, the Lexington School for the Deaf, million acres of rice land in South Viet­ million. located in Jackson Heights, N.Y., in my nam to 800,000 small farmers. Mr. district. Although not as dramatic or Speaker, in the United States many glamorous as the Nation's farflung space times that number of acres of farm land AFTER MANKIND'S GIANT LEAP communications activities, Lexington, are owned by nonfarm corporations and nevertheless, is making an outstanding the conglomerates who buy farms for the contribution to the world we live in. It HON. JAMES G. FULTON teaches deaf students to communicate sole purpose of writing off their farm OF PENNSYLVANIA losses against nonfarm income. with the hearing world. I applaud our efforts at land reform IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES An interesting account of the work in Southeast Asia. I think, however, we Thursday, July 24, 1969 being done by Mr. Oscar Cohen, direc­ should precede our efforts there by set­ tor of Lexington's after school division, Mr. FULTON of Pennsylvania. Mr. recently appeared in the New York ting an example at home. We must take Speaker, under leave to extend my re­ action to eliminate the inequity in our Times, and prompted President Nixon to marks in the RECORD, I include the fol­ write a commendatory letter to Mr. present tax law which promotes at home lowing: Cohen. Under leave to extend my re­ the concentration of landholding which [From the New York Times, July 22, 1969] we are discouraging abroad. marks, I insert at this point in the REC­ The farmers in my congressional dis­ AFTER MANKIND'S GIANT LEAP ORD, the article and the President's let­ trict are fully aware of the growth of the The first men on the moon are returning ter, which I think my colleagues might to their home planet. Tranquility Base and find of interest: corporate farm menace. They do not un­ Eagle have both been abandoned, their mis­ THE WHITE HOUSE, derstand why they should be forced to sions gloriously completed, their claim on Washington, June 23, 1969. compete with corporations who, because historical immortality secure. Mr. OSCAR COHEN, of our tax laws, do not have to make a Here on earth, millions remain stunned The Lexington School for the Deaf, profit in order to stay in business-and and awed, still hardly able to believe tha.it Jackson Heights, N.Y. are anxiously waiting to see what the they were eyewitnesses to Nell Armstrong's DEAR MR. COHEN: I read a recent New York Congress and the administration are go­ first step on the moon and all that followed Times report of the work that you are doing ing to do about it. during those unprecedented two and a quar­ at the Lexington School for the Deaf to ter hours when men firsrt walked on another widen the outlook of some of your students. I include the following article for re­ planet. It was indeed, as Armstrong said, a As you mention, the lack of real com­ print in the RECORD in the hope that it "giant leap" for mankind. munication in life is based on fear. How­ will stimulate the Congress and the Ar.tists of every description-poets, novel­ ever, I know that the gentle assistance you administration to do for the family ists, composers, sculptors, painters--will eel- are giving your students will go a long way July 24, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 20775 toward breaking down the barriers between OTHER ACTIVITIES OFFERED In 1966 21 employees resigned; in 1967 them and others their own age who can As a first step to removing Lexington's 37 employees resigned; in 1968 43 em­ hear. I have a feeling that as your program students from the insular world of the deaf, ployees resigned; for a 3-year total of develops many will appreciate the choice Mr. Cohen solicited the help of synagogues, 101 employee resignations. you are giving them and will move with con­ churches and schools 14 months ago when Of the 101 employees who resigned fidence in both the deaf and the hearing the 100-year-old school moved from cramped worlds. quarters at Lexington Avenue and 68-th Street during the 3-year period, 89 had under With my very best wishes as you continue to its present spacious new six-acre site. 3 years of service in the Department. your dedicated work. Thirty-eight neighborhood children re­ The breakdown as to years of service Sincerely, sponded the first semester. This semester 75 of those presently employed is as fallows: RICHARD NIXON. of 160 applicants enrolled in the after-school Under 3 years of service, 40.8 percent. program of arts and crafts, swimming, soft­ Over 3 and under 5 years of service, SCHOOL BROADENING HORIZONS OF THE DEAF ball, Scouts and drama club. 11.1 percent. Jimmy Hinchcliffe, pitching for the Mets/ All of the deaf students participating in Over 5 years of service, 48.1 percent. Yankees against the Baltimore/Tigers, was the school's Drama Club production of delighted when the umpire called, "Strike!" "Romeo and Juliet," rehearsing in a base­ Though living in a soundless world, Jimmy ment recreation room at the school, spoke who is 12 years old, grinned when he saw their lines. Although they have been taught his excited teammates screaming. "That's to control the loudness and softness of their RESULTS OF QUESTIONNAIRE the way to go, Jimmy baby, strike him out!" speech, their voices lack inflection, which is Jimmy, like more than half of the boys learned by hearing others speak. playing ball the other day on a grassy field · The Lexington School is supported by state HON. ALBERT W. JOHNSON in Jackson Heights, Queens, is a student at funds. All residents of the sta.te can go OF PENNSYLVANIA the Lexington School for the Deaf at 26-26 free of cost, but out-of-staters are charged IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES a yearly tuition of $4,600. A total of 330 stu­ 75th Street. Thursday, July 24, 1969 As the two teams used up the last rays of dents from seven months to 17 years old at­ the late afternoon sun, Jimmy led his mixed tend the school and 130 of them live at the Mr. JOHNSON of Pennsylvania. Mr. team-some boys who could hear and some school. These resident students participate Speaker, I have completed the tabulation in the after-school program. who couldn't-to an 8-to-6 victory. of the results of my recent questionnaire The deaf students, 7 to 12 years of age, "We started this program," Mr. Cohen said, were taking part in an experimental after­ "to give our students a choice. When they and for the information of the Members school program with a group of neighbor­ leave Lexington they can choose to live in the and other interested persons, I am hood children designed to break down the deaf world or in both the deaf and the hear­ pleased to present it today. The results barriers between them and boys of their own ing world." of the questionnaire are set out in the age who can hear. Encouraging hearing children and deaf form of a newsletter and contain the fol­ AWARENESS OF WORLD SOUGHT children to form close friendships ls Mr. lowing caption: "Newsletter from your Oohen's next project. "Right now the neigh­ "We want deaf children to become aware borhood children come to the school and Open Door in Washington-Congress­ of people who can hear and not fear them," play with our students but they haven't man Albert W. Johnson, 23d District of said Oscar Cohen, 28-year-old director of spontaneously invited any of the deaf kids Pennsylvania, No. 15, July 1969." Lexington's after-school division. "And we home." The newsletter also contains a picture want people who can hear to get over feel­ of myself in front of the door of my office ing sorry for deaf kids." in which picture I am holding a recent "The only way our students can stop feel­ ing inferior ls for them to compete with POSTAL REFORM publication of the Pennsylvania Depart­ children their own age in sports and ac­ ment of Commerce entitled, "Discover ti vi tes where they have a chance of win­ the New Pennsylvania." The newsletter ning." HON. GLENN M. ANDERSON then continues as follows: OF CALIFORNIA Mr. Cohen's program seemed to be work­ DEAR FOLKS IN THE 23D CONGRESSIONAL ing. "We've even had a few fights between IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES DISTRICT: The tabulation of the results of a deaf and neighborhood boys," he said. Mr. Thursday, July 24, 1969 recent Questionnaire mailed to homes in Cohen doesn't encourage such behavior, but the District has now been completed and I he also does not want his deaf students to Mr. ANDERSON of California. Mr. am pleased to devote a "Newsletter" to re­ be coddled. Speaker, we have heard much of late port the results. The response to the poll was The Lexington School, considered one of about the propased Postal Corporation very gratifying, and the returns were ac­ the finest schools for the deaf in the coun­ companied by over 3,000 letters or comments, try, teaches its students to speak because and the need for adequate and com­ mensurate salaries for our postal em­ which we are separately acknowledging. it believes that they should leave Lexington The results of the poll and the comments equipped to communicate with the hearing ployees as related to cost of living and are as follows: Where the percentages do not world. They also learn lip-reading, but are the pay adjustment effective July 1, 1969. add up to 100%, the difference represents not taught sign language. To get closer to what is actually hap­ those who had no opinion. TEENAGERS NOT INVOLVED pening, with respect to postal employ­ ment, I obtained some statistics from [Answers in percent] Although the excitment of the softball Question No. 1-the war in Vietnam: game broke down many of the reservations the Hawthorne, Calif., post office on em­ Withdrawal of U.S. forces, even if this of being "different," Mr. Cohen does not con­ ployee turnover and length of service. means a Communist takeover______10 sider the program a panacea. Employee tenure is most important in Continue present holding operation____ 3 "I don't want to give the impression that any continuing organization. I believe Gradually withdraw, forcing South Viet­ just by putting deaf and hearing children the statistics for Hawthorne to be fairly nam to assume a bigger role in the war_ 47 together that something magic happens," he representative of not only the 17th Con­ Mounting a strategically sound effort for said. "It took a month before deaf and a military victory ______38 neighborhood children would work together gressional District of California, but for in our arts-and-crafts program." much of the Nation. At Hawthorne, 43 The war in Vietnam continues to be the Mr. Cohen has not had much luck involv­ employees out of a complement of 159 most important crisis facing our nation to­ ing older teen-agers in the after-school pro­ resigned in 1968 and only 48.1 percent day. This was recognized by President Nixon gram. have over 5 years of service. in hts speech to the nation on May 14, 1969. "Their Ininds are set," he said. "They say, The 1968 experience and also the rec­ In this speech, he stated that he had "ruled 'We're deaf and we want to stick together." out attempting to impose a purely military To combat this feeling, he is planning a work­ ord for several prior years concerns me solution on our battlefield, ruled out either and-recreation summer program for older and it appears the postal service needs a one-sided withdrawal, or the acceptance in teen-agers, who will be paid $2 an hour for further attractions or benefits for its Paris of terms that would amount to a dis­ four hours' work a day, and must participate personnel and one of these, I am con­ guised defeat." The President's offer: (1) a in afternoon integrated activities with neigh­ fident, is an adequate wage with in­ simultaneous start in withdrawals by both borhood teenagers. grade adjustments. The 4.1 percent ef­ sides; (2) provide a real opportunity for each Mr. Cohen likened deaf person's relation­ fective as of July 1, 1969, I believe is significant group in South Vietnam to par­ ship with the hearing world to that of blacks inadequate. ticipate in the political life of the Nation. and whites. As is now well known, the U.S. has started "Deaf people live in a world set up by the Following are some detail statistics re­ its gradual withdrawal of troops from Viet­ hearing and they feel left out," he said. lating to the Hawthorne, Calif., post of­ nam. President Thieu of South Vietnam has "They spend most of their social lives only fice, which I believe will be of interest. agreed to elections in which the Viet Cong with other deaf people." Present complement of employees: 159. will take part. It is now up to North Vietnam CXV--1309-Part 15 20776 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 24, 1969 to respond to these steps toward peace. The Yes: 48.6%; Burke (R} 10th District a poll taken, in which the question was President added in his speech: "If the need­ Florida-Yes: 84.1%. There is presently no asked whether Congress should approve the less suffering continues, this will affect other serious consideration being given in the limited ABM system as outlined by President decisions." Congress to do away with the nominating Nixon. 73 % voted yes, and 10 % no. In other As the poll indicates, 47% of those reply­ conventions. polls taken by Congressmen, the results vary ing favor the Nixon plan. However, a large Question No. 5-The method of electing as follows: Corbett (R) 18th District, Penn­ percentage-38% favor a military victory. a President after nomination: sylvania, Yes: 65%; Reid (R) 15th District, I note in examining :returns of other Con­ [Answers in percent) Illinois, Yes: 60%; McClory (R) 12th Dis­ gressional Questionnaires that there· is a Retain present system______6 trict, Illinois, Yes: 64.6%; Marsh (D) 7th Dis­ strong sentiment to win the war. Direct popular vote______77 trict, Virginia, Yes: 62.5%; Bennett (D) 3rd On the question, Should we increase m111- District, Florida, Yes: 75%; Minshall (R) tary pressure on North Vietnam, the follow­ Allocate the electoral votes in each state 23rd District, Ohio, Yes: 45.2%; Foreman ing are some results: in proportion to the popular votes cast, (R) 2nd District, New Mexico, Yes: 74.6%. making a 40% electoral vote plurality [Answers in percent] Those in Congress who favor the President's sufficient to choose a President______6 plan state that they would have to be ab­ Reid (R) 15th District, Illinois: Yes ____ 44. 0 Count one electoral vote for the winner solutely convinced that the President was McClory (R) 12th District, Illinois: in each Congressional District, with wrong before they could in good conscience Yes------44.3 two additional votes for whomever oppose him on a national security matter Burke (R) 12th District, Florida: Yes __ 52. 9 carries the State______9 of this magnitude. With this, I agree. Those Foreman (R) 2d District, New Mexico: President Nixon, in a special message to against it argue that it won't work when Yes------56.7 Congress on February 20th, called for the button is pressed; it is too costly; it Schneebeli ( R) 17th District, Pennsyl_- changes. The President said he was not. will escalate the arms race and present a vania: Yes------57.0 "wedded" to any particular plan, but stated new threat to the Soviet Union; on com­ Question No. 2-Diplomatic recognition of he preferred No. (c) plan above. On April pletion, because of technological changes,. the Red China. The answer: 29'th, the House Judiciary Committee ap­ missile will be obsolete. proved by a 28 to 6 vote, e proposed constitu­ Question No. 8-Terminate- all public fi­ Yes ------43 tional amendment which would provide for nancial help to students found guilty of par­ No ------50 direct election of the President by nation­ ticipating in disruptive demonstrations. The I was really quite surprised at the rather wide popular vote. In order to win, a candi­ answer: large nwnber of persons who favor this move. date would have to get 40 % or more of the [Answers in percent] I note in the comments by those replying total popular vote; otherwise, a runoff elec­ y ,es ------92 that they feel we would be better off to have tion would be held between the two candi­ No ------6 a window as it were in Red China. dates with the most votes. The proposal has The nation has become disgusted with the Here are some comments: not yet been voted on by the House. large increase in student demonstrations this "We need China's views made public, good The chances of final adoption before the past year, particularly with what took place or bad." "It would probably be no more pro­ next election are slight because it must re­ at Cornell. Congress is most certainly to act ductive or dangerous than our recognition ceive a two-thirds majority vote in both on this challenge to our institutions at this of Russia." "Maybe we can exploit.these mar­ Houses, plus ratification by three-fourths of session of Congress. One plan calls for col­ kets." "It would be better to negotiate with the state legislatures. Many doubt that the leges to file a set of regulations of student them now, rather than fight it out later." necessary three-fourths of the states will conduct before the college can qualify for President Nixon has stated he does not favor ratify, inasmuch as the most populous states will gain political power, and the smaller Federal aid. Other plans are directed to the recognition. student himself, such as an end to Federal Question No. 3-The draft: and sparsely settled states wo·uld lose in­ fiuence. Also, many are becoming of the opin­ scholarship aid or loans. All answers to this Continue in its present f·orm______19 ion that this plan will destroy the two-party question nationwide are about the same, viz: Replace with an all volunteer army_____ 26 system in this country. Thoughtful citizens Expel violently disrupting students: Yes: Restore World War II draft lottery______28 should study this proposal carefully. Results 94% (Smith (R) 40th District, New York); Retain the draft, give draftees option in other districts: Direct popular vote? Cor­ Deny colleges Federal aid in case of con­ to name call-up date during 4 years__ 22 bett (R) 18th District, Pennsylvania, Yes: tinued fiagrant campus disorders: Yes. 78.6 % (Minsh~ll (R) 23rd District, Ohio) . The poll indicates a displeasure on the 77%; Marsh (D) 7th District, Virginia, Yes: 62.6%; Chamberlain (R) 6th District, Mich­ Question No. 9-Terminate political pa­ part of the citizens of the District with the tronage in the Post Office Department. The present draft system with only 19% favoring igan, Yes: 65%; Ford (D) 15th District, Michigan, Yes: 85%. answer: it. Realizing this widespread dissent. Presi­ [Answers in percent) dent Nixon on May 13th sent to Congress a Question No. 6-Lowering the voting age to 18. The answer: Yes ------92 far-reaching draft-reform plan keyed to a No ------·------5 lottery. Under the plan,. a youth would be [Answers in percent] subject to the draft only during his 19th President Nixon named Winton M. Blount. Yes ------42 as his Postmaster General. In appointing Mr. year. At the beginning of each year, 365 No ------57 capsules would be drawn from a fish bowl, Blount, the President gave him a free hand on each capsule being a different date. If a This is the second year that I have sub­ in re-organizing the Postal system. One of 19 year old was born on the 4th of July, mitted this question. In 1968, the result was General Blount's first decisions was to di­ and that date was on the first capsule drawn, No: 56%. This result follows the same vot­ vorce the system from politics. On February ing trend as indicated by other polls else­ he would be in the first group drafted. If 5, 1969, he issued an order that removed all he was not drafted during his 19th year, where in the nation as follows: Ford (D) postmasters and rural carriers from political he would be free of the draft, except later in 15th District, Michigan, No: 63%; Marsh (D) patronage and provided for their appoint­ case of an emergency. This plan is an excel­ 7th District, Virginia, No: 61.2%; Foreman ment by national impartial selection boards. lent plan, as it gives a youth the knowledge (R) 2nd DI.strict, New Mexico, No: 66.7%; This landmark decision at first caused wide­ that his draft duty will come only in his Bennett (D) 3rd District, Florida, No: 52%; spread dissent from politicians, but now 19th year. Smith (R) 40th District, New York, No: these persons realize that something must be 52%; Quillen (R) 1st District, Tennessee, Smith (R) 40th District--New York­ done to save our postal system from a com­ No: 55.8%; ottinger (D) 25th District, New plete breakdown. As the poll result indi­ asked this excellent question: Do you believe York, Yes: 50%. This question brought forth an all-volunteer army can be established to cates, the people back home soundly approve. many comments from those who replied, Question No. 10-Converting the Post Of­ replace the draft system after Vietnam? The such as: "If a man can be drafted to serve answer: No: 60%. I would agree with this fice Department into a Government-owned his country, he should be able to vote." "I corporation. The answer: conclusion. would restrict it to those under 21, who are Question No. 4-Choosing Presidential members of the Armed Services." "Indica­ [Answers in percent) candidates by national primaries instead of tions are they are not ready for it." "The Yes ------54 party conventions. The answer: 18 year olds might have the education and No ------33 [Answers in percent) knowledge, but not the wisdom of how to Carrying out his resolve to make our postal use it correctly." system the best in the world, and meet the Yes ------81 Question No. 7-Deployment of an· anti­ No ------14 demands of the next 30 years when our na­ ballistic-missile (ABM) system. The answer: tional population will reach 300 million peo­ The fact that the last Presidential election [Answers in percent] ple General Blount has asked Congress to could well have been decided by the House turn the postal system over to a government of Representatives has caused pressure to be Yes ------50 owned corporation, like the Tennessee Val­ put on Congress to reform our method of No ------41 ley Authority. This will eliminate the role of electing our President. As indicated above, a While the debate over the limited safe­ Congress in rate making and in fixing postal large segment of the population in the guard system progresses, the people back salaries, and will provide for continuity of District want a direct primary. A similar home are being heard from. For instance, management. Hearings are being held on the question in other districts brought these the Opinion Research Corp. of Princeton, proposal. I favor it strongly, provided the results: Marsh (D) 7.th District, Virginia- New Jersey, has just released the results of rights of postal workers will be secured and July 24, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 20777 protected. The plan is favored nationwide as (Answers in percent] specific amount earmarked for cities. The the following polls indicate: Reid (R) 15th Yes ------55 plran is scheduled to go into effect starting District, Illinois, Yes: 70%; Scott (R) 8th No ------33 July 1, 1970. District, Virginia, Yes: 57%; Whalen (R) 3rd This spring, I spent the weekend in Puerto Question No. 19-Transfer of the more District, Ohio, Yes: 67%; Chamberlain (R) Rico attending a conference on Urban successful antipoverty programs to other 6th District, Michigan, Yes: 74%; Ottinger departments. The answer: (D) 21>th District, New York, Yes: 63%; Growth. I had the opportunity to tour the Snyder (R) 4th District, Kentucky, Yes: island and visit forts, the harbor, the Gov­ Yes ------50 ernor's palace, etc. I became convinced that 71.3%. Puerto Rico should become a state. We need No ------32 Question No. 11-The right of public em­ Under the date of February 19, 1969, Pres­ ployees, other than firemen and police, to this country as an assured part of our de­ fense system, and to help them prosper and ide«llt Nixon issued an executive order which strike. The answer: raise their standard of living. The target date as of July 1, 1969, transfers the Read Sta.rt [Answers in percent] for statehood is 1980. The population is over Prog:riam to the Health, Education and Wel­ faire Dep&rta:nent. The Job Corps was trans­ Yes ------~------43 27'2 million, and they will, therefore, have at least six members of Congress and, of course, ferred to the Department of Labor, and many No ------53 Job Corps Centers ordered closed. This question was prompted by the many two U.S. Senators. We owe citizenship to the young Puerto Ricans serving in our armed On March 18th, the U.S. Accounting Office strikes that have occurred in the past year issued a report which questiolllS the results by school teachers, garbage workers, and forces. I found the leaders in Puerto Rico of the highest type and well educated men. of the Poverty Program. It has coot the tax­ other public employees .. The bill before Con­ payers $7.5 billion in five yea.rs. The report gress grants postal workers the legal right Question No. 16-Should the President be allowed to commit U.S. troops to conflicts on charges that the program has been poorly to organize a union, but does not grant the administered and most programs have fa2len right to strike. The almost imperative neces­ foreign soil without the consent of Congress? The answer: far short of their goals. The Job Corps, which sity that 60 million monthly social security has oost $1 billion at a 1968 cost of $8,300 checks be delivered on time makes such a [Answers in percent] per boy, and the Neighborhood. Youth Corps strike unthinkable. Most polls in other dis­ Yes ------19 which has cost $1.16 billion were both sev­ tricts indicated the majority do not favor No ------80 erely criticized. Head Start, which has pro­ strikes by public employees; viz: Foreman Sinoe sending out the Questionnaire, the vided pa:e-school training for 2 million chil­ (R) 2nd District, New Mexico, No: 61%; dren wias also questioned as to its permanent Burke (R) 10th District, Florida, No: 72%; U.S. Senate has voted on this issue. By a vote of 70 to 16, the Senate approved a value. Community Action programs were Meskill (R) 6th District, Connecticut, No: resolution to the effect that the PreSJident genemlly praised as a oommuni·ty mecha­ 65 %; Chamberlain (R) 6th District, Michi­ ll!hsm. gan, No: 70%; Corbett (R) 18th District, should make no "national commitment" without the consent of Congress. A national The Nixon Administration has decided to Pennsylvania, No: 59%. commitment is defined as "the use of armed give the Poverty Program two more years of Question No. 12-Repeal 14(b) of the Taft­ forces of the U.S. on foreign territory, or a life, to be funded at $2.048 billion, with Hartley Act (Right to work section). The pmmise to assist a foreign country, govern­ greater state participation and duplicating answer: ment, or people by the use of armed forces progl'amS consolidated. [Answers in percent] or :financ,ial resources of the U.S., either im­ And now in closing, I want to thank those Yes ------25 mediiately or upon the happening of certain who took the time to return my question­ No opinion------______5025 events." Those who voted against the resolu­ nai·re and thus make this report possible. I tion argued as follows: "It is essential for hope you have found this Newsle.tter both The results of this question indicate by the the President to have wide flex:iibility in the interesting and informative. large number of persons registering no opin­ field of foreign rela;tions in order to respond Sincerely yours, ion (25%) that many persons are not !>wiftly and appropriately to the mercurial ALBERT W. JOHNSON. familiar with the issue. While union leaders exigencies of international diplomacy in th.is are strong for the proposal, right now in nuclear age." Congress the matter is in abeyance because Congressional polls favor the Senate action of the pressure of other business. as follows: Quillen (R) 1st District, Tennes­ Question No. 13-A constitutional amend­ see, Yes: 64.78%; Burke (R) 1oth District, LET US DISPLAY MOON SAMPLES ment to permit voluntary non-denomina­ Florida, Yes: 66%; Whalen (R) 3rd District, IN THE ROTUNDA tional prayer in public schools. The answer: Olllo, Yes: 65%. [Answers in percent] Question No. 17-Cetung on individual Federal farm subsidy payments. The answer: HON. DONALD G. BROTZMAN Yes ------84 OF COLORADO No ------15 [Answers in percent] Members of Congress have received more Yes ------93 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES mail on this subject since the Supreme Court No ------3 Thursday, July 24, 1969 in 1963 outlawed prayer and Bible reading When the fa.rm subsidy bill was before the in our schools than any other issue. Hardly House, the Members adopted an amendment Mr. BROTZMAN. Mr. Speaker, I have a week goes by but what I receive a petition limiting payments to $20,000. I voted for drafted a joint resolution for introduc­ signed by many persons urging the above this restrictive a;mendment. The bill is now tion early next week which would pro­ amendment. Senator Dirksen is .in the lead in conference with the Senate who has vide for permanent display in the Ro­ of the forces to pass the amendment. If the deleted the limitation. It goes without say­ tunda of the Capitol Building of a por­ Judiciary Committee in the House would ing that our fa.rm subsidy sy5tem Of con­ release the resolution to the Floor for a vote, trolled production r.equires a complete over­ tion of the moon. it would pass easily. So far, the Committee is haul. The Agriculture Oonun1ttee has been I think we will all agree that the flight sitting on the resolution. I have sponsored studying the whole program and promises of Apollo 11 rates as one of the most the Dirksen resolution in the House. corrective legislation. Some comments on the spectacular American achievements 1n Question No. 14-Increase in first class Questionnaires on this subject were well­ the history of this Nation. mail rate from 6c to 7c with a guarantee of reasoned. Here are a few: "Let farmers grow Ordinarily, displays of great scientific air mail deli very. The answer: enough to feed the nation. Paying farmers or historic significance are established at not to grow and people going hungry, I just [Answers in percent] can't see tllls." "There are too many free the Smithsonian Institution or other Yes ------32 loaders as it is. Let's cut back." "Let supply major museums. I would expect this to No ------65 am.d demand regulate prices." "Help the poor be the case with some of the moon Two years ago, postal rates were increased farmers, not the wealthy ones." samples returned by Apollo 11, but I be­ substantially for all classes of mail, and the Question No. 18-Return to the States a lieve this material is of such tremendous bill also contained a raise in the salaries of percentage of the Federal income tax. The and lasting interest that some of it postal workers with the intention that the answer: should be placed in the Rotunda so that raise in wages would bring them up to com­ [Ansrwers in percent] the millions of U.S. and foreign citizens parability with similar jobs in industry. Now Yes ------73 who visit the capitol annually may see it. two years later, the postal deficit is $600 mil­ No ------22 lion, the workers are demanding additional I agree that it is proper that most of PreSJident Nixon has announced that he wage increases, which if granted makes a the maiterial should be utilized for sci­ considers revenue sharing with state and entific studies, but I think it is only right raise in postal rates almost a foregone con­ local governments a high-priority program. clusion. To bring these factors into a busi­ Two months ago, ten mayors of the nation's that the American people, who made the ness-like balance, I have agreed to support biggest cities at a White House meeting bit­ expedition possible, have a chance to see the creation of a postal corporation which terly oppO!>ed returning the money to the moon materials during visits to the Cap­ when set up will be charged with the duty to states. They waruted the money to go directly itol. solve the various problems and the deficit. to the cities. At the White House recently I would hope the display could be ar­ Question No. 15-Statehood for Puerto a compromise was reached wherein the ranged shortly after the quarantine pe­ Rico. The answer: money would still go to the states, with a riod for Apollo 11 ends in mid-August. 20778 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 24, 1969

PERSPECTIVE ON POLLUTION But again, I emphasize that the job c~nnot It would be unconscionable for the lead­ be done by industry alone, nor can it be done ership to now ignore this mandate for re­ overnight. If we are to successfully accom­ form. To do otherwise would be suggesting plish the task of safeguarding the quality of that Congress has a callous disregard for HON. EDWARD J. DERWINSKI our air and water, we're going to require the the plight of the American taxpayers. OF ILLINOIS cooperation of every one concerned and we One-third of the popul'Sltion, those earning IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES wm have to approach the problem with ut­ between $5,000 and $15,000 annually, ,are un­ most intelligence. We're going to have to fairly shouldering the nation's tax burden­ Thursday, July 24, 1969 know the precise facts of each and every ad­ paying two-thirds of federal taxes, while the Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, in verse situation, exactly what can be done to very rich escape paying taxes altogether, or view of the great public interest in steps correct it, how much it will cost to correct, pay pitifully l'ittle. how much time it will take, what parties Is it any wonder then thait the American to effectively combat water and air pol­ should rightly contribute to the control ef­ taxpayers look with suspicion upon Congress? lution, I was impressed to note a letter fort, and finally, whether or not the benefits But not only must we close the loopholes by Mr. T. F. Patton, chairman and chief to be derived in a particular situation are and eliminate preferential treatment, but we executive officer of the Republic Steel worth the costs involved. must liberalize the deduction and exemption Corp., in that company's monthly maga­ If we can approach air and water quality provisions, making them consistent with the zine, June 1969. control in this manner and spirit, I am sure economic realities of modern America. It Mr. Patton is a well-respected corpo­ we're going to achieve great progress in mak­ would be fiscally irresponsible if we didn't rate executive who is providing the nec­ ing our communities cleaner and more pleas­ now extend tax reform to mean tax relief. ant places in which to live and work. The average American taxpayer is living to­ essary, progressive leadership to this T. F. PATTON, day under the impact of one of the longest area of corporate responsibility. Chairman and Chief Executive Officer. sustained inflationary periods in American Mr. Patton's letter follows: history thiait is depressing his buying power. PERSPECTIVE ON POLLUTION On top of this, people are fed up with the FELLOW REPUBLIC EMPLOYEES: As you will spiraling cost of local government. This year states and cities tried raising nearly $5 bil­ see, several pages of this issue of Reports are REDEEMING A MANDATE: TAX devoted to the subject of air and water qual­ REFORM NOW lion in new revenue--through property taxes, ity control. income taxes, sales taxes and various fees-­ I urge that you look over this material be­ and in many localities, the taxpayers revolted. cause I think it may give you added insight HON. SEYMOUR HALPERN A decade ago 27 percent of the average into what has become a. very important and Amerioan's wages went to taxes. Today the controversial public issue. OF NEW YORK tax bite is up to 34 percent. And it's been IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES estimated that this year the average Ameri­ It ls understandable that in recent years, can will work two-and-a-half hours out of the American people have shown a growing Thursday, July 24, 1969 every 8-hour day to pay all his taxes. concern over the quality of our air and wa­ But, Mr. Chairman, that's only part of the ter. After all, most pollution is caused by the Mr. HALPERN. Mr. Speaker, the re­ depressing :fisoal straits hampering Americans activities of people, and within a relatively cent vote on the bill to extend the sur­ today. Consumer prices a.re also rising faster short period of time we have become a much tax was a mandate for tax reform. The today than are salary increases. larger and busier nation. For example, in President, the leadership of both parties, A recent study in New York City suggests 1940 our population totaled about 132 mil­ and the chairman of the Ways and that in 24 major industries, employees re­ lion; today, it is more than 200 million. To­ Means Committee all made solemn com­ ceived anywhere from $8 to $30 in weekly­ day, our total output of goods and services wage increases in the last three year&-but is more than three times as high as 1t was mitments that tax reform would receive top priority on our legislative calendar. rising taxes reduced the actual net gain by in 1940. And whereas in 1940, we Americans 50 percent, a.nd inflation nibbled another 50 were dri vlng approximately 32 million mo­ Today, I have sent the chairman of percent from the employees' take home pur­ tor vehicles on our streets and highways, to­ the Ways and Means Committee a let­ chasing power. day we operate more than 100 million! ter outlining the urgent need for tax Incredible as it may sound, the $8 weekly As you know, even such an essential thing reform, and especially tax relief-con­ increase actually equals a net weekly loss of as the heating of our homes and buildings sidering that the continued rise of in­ $6.32 after $4.78 for taxes were deducted and discharges impurities into the air. The tilling flation and taxes is sapping the purchas­ the affect of inflation ls considered. The in­ of our farms deposits unwanted materials dividual earning up to $30 a week more did into our streams and rivers, as does the fer­ ing power of the average American family. a little better. He lost $11.13 of his increase tilizing and spraying of our crops, the clear­ to taxes, and after infia tion is considered, he ance of land for building purposes, the ev­ I invite the attention of my colleagues is left wLth $4.93. eryday use of soaps and detergents and, yes, to the letter: Horrible as the word sounds, the Wall the disposal of untreated or inadequately CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES, Street Journal recently stated that the spi­ treated human wastes. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, raling cost of living has brought on a re­ I cite these examples because too often, Washington, D.O., July 24, 1969. cession- "a recession in the standard of people will point to industry as either the Hon. WILBUR Mn.Ls, living" for many Americans. sole or the major cause of air and water pol­ Chairman, Ways and Means Committee, U.S. According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor lution in this country. But, the problem is House of Representatives, Washington, Statistics, it took $9,076 for a family of four much bigger than that resulting from in­ D.C. to live moderately-well in 1967 in urban dustrial activity a.lone. And it cannot be DEAR MR. CHAIRMAN: The vote on the bill America, but today that salary buys 9 per­ solved by industry alone. to extend the surtax was a mandate for cent less because of rising prices. Indeed, Unfortunately, air and water quality con­ tax reform, it is now incumbent upon the average weekly purchasing power declined trol has become a. highly emotional issue­ members of Congress to fulfill their solemn from $79.86 to $77.62 in this period. one that some persons are quick to expolit commitment to make meaningful tax reform The Wall Street Journal quotes economic to gain public favor. Under such conditions, the next major priority of business. To do consultant Leonard M. Strunk as saying the facts are frequently ignored and reason often less will have earned the scorn and wrath nation is "in the early stages of a depres­ takes a back seat to passion. Consequently, of the American taxpayers. sion" in which "an increasing proportion of the public outcry for immediate remedies has For a not-so-quiet revolt is brewing across the population will find itself pushed to created demands on industry which are of­ the heartland of America. ever lower econoillic standards of living" ten unrealistic in terms of time, cost and the The average working family is being vic­ even though salaries may increase. availability of knowhow and equipment timized by rising taxes and rising prices, and And a Chase Manhattan Bank Vice-Presi­ capable of accomplishing the desired goals. frankly, they're fed up with the excuses dent believes purchasing power will con­ It is the firm policy of Republic Steel to they're hearing for inflation and the justi­ tinue to decline until the present inflation­ incorporate feasible and practical air and fication for accelerating taxes. ary period subsides. "We will be fortunate water quality controls into its operations. We all know that the Internal Revenue 1f that can be done in less than a year, and Over the last ten years, we have spent $42 Code is riddled with favoritism and notorious two or three years is a more likely estimate." million toward that objective, and we have inequities, and we all know what has to be In these circumstances, it is imperative appropriated another $38 m1llion for control done. that Congress cease arguing tax reform and projects to be completed within the next Laws were meant to help men govern, not produce immediate action. To reiterate, what few years. In addition, Republic is planning to tyrannize and plague them. Yet its been is needed is a two-pronged attack: reform still further air and water quality control fa­ 15 years since Congress last seriously reviewed of existing abuses and tax relief for the av­ cilities requiring the expenditure of many our tax legislation. This year some 130 of erage American family. Such an approach is more millions of dollars. I believe this is an my colleagues in the House and nearly half encompassed in an omnibus 12-point tax impressive testimonial to Republic Steel's of the Senate members have introduced reform bill and seven-point tax-relief pro­ dedication to an improved environment for various measures calling for an end to tax gram which I introduced earlier this year. our plant communities. abuses. For some time, similar proposals have been July 24, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 20779 offered by the distinguished gentleman from I call for: REPRESSION IN SOUTH AFRICA Wisconsin, Mr. Reuss, and in one form or A $1200 personal exemption for individual another by several of our colleagues. truq>ayers and their dependents instead of Indeed, if the 12-point tax reform package the present $600. I advocate was enacted, it would yield, I be­ A $1500 deduction for the cost of college HON. JONATHAN B. BINGHAM lieve, up to $15 billion for the U.S. Treasury, tuition. OF NEW YORK perhaps increasing the potential for a gen­ A $250 deduction for commuting expenses. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES u1ne tax reduction. I call for: Taxation of capital gains accumulated in An exemption on the first $5000 of retire­ Thursday, July 24, 1969 estates. ment income. Removal of unlimited charitable deduc­ A $1000 annual deduction for monies ex­ Mr. BINGHAM. Mr. Speaker, the tion. pended on .home repairs and improvements. English language press in South Africa Taxation of stock option gains at income A depreciation allowance for homeowners continues to repcrt on developments in tax rates. of one-family homes, similar to the deduc­ that country with great courage. Follow­ Requ1re a minimum income tax of 20 per­ tion now granted owners of multi-family ing are two articles from the Johannes­ cent on net personal income of $50,000 and dwellings and other commercial properties. burg Star of Saturday, July 12, 1969, above. A rent payers deduction on income tax for which make very vivid the steady move­ Requirement for related corporations to percentage of rent paid by landlord for taxes ment toward political repression. Wha.t be taxed as a single enterprise. and mortgage interest charges. Elimination of tax-free status of municipal All of these relief measures are necessary is so striking about this history is the industrial revenue bonds. and feasible, but if any priority can be given appalling nature of what can be done Reduction of domestic mineral depletion them I say raising the personal exemption under the righteous banner of anticom­ allowances to 10 percent from a high of 27Y2 rate ls the major weapon for granting t.he munism and antiterrorism. percent. average American taxpayer immediate tax The first article is by Jean Sinclair, Eliminate depletion allowance on oil pro­ relief. president of the Black Sash, a women's duced outside of United States. The original purpose of the $600 personal organization founded in 1955 to defend Increase of gift tax rates to those estab­ income tax exemption was to provide the the South African Constitution: lished on estates. taxpayer with sufficient untaxed funds to Requirement that government bonds used sustain himself and his family. However, FREEDOMS WE HAVE LOST to settle estate taxes be valued at current since the time when this provision wa.s en­ (Jean Sinclair) market prices. acted, the cost of living has more than tri­ "It is difficult for those who have not Limitation on farming loss deductions for pled, and yet the exemption for the taxpayer themselves lived through the gradual estab­ "gentlemen farmers." and his dependents have remained the same. lishment of a tyranny to understand the Removal of accelerated depreciation allow­ In 1948, when the existing personal exemp­ subtle dangers of the 'softening-up' process, ances on speculative real estate transactions. tion rate of $600 was adopted, the average the effect on all but the strongest personali­ I also advocate that the growth of tax­ American family earned $3,031 annually. At ties of intimidation. Laws which would have payer-subsidized foundations be sharply that time each $600 deduction meant 20 aroused the fiercest opposition in 1947 meet curtailed. The philanthropic purposes of percent of a family's annual income. Today, with sullen acquiescence in 1957."-"Clvil foundations must be vigorously scrutinized, average family income is $8,017, which means Liberty in South Africa," by Edgar H. carefully delineating the scope of their tax­ the $600 exemption comes to only 7.5 percent. Brookes and J.B. Macaulay. free advantages. And the profit earned by My proposals providing relief for home­ And from 1957 to 1969? foundations on commercial investments owners also deserve priority. It's high time Detention without trial. must be curbed. we gave the homeowner a break. For far too Gagging without trial. The key elements of the tax proposals, of long he has been the forgotten man, except More people placed under house arrest course, are the closing of the loopholes that when it comes to paying property taxes. His without trial. permit the rich to escape taxation com­ basic rights and: needs are all too often More passports withdrawn and refused pletely. This ls the outrage that really lies neglected or forgotten. with no reason given. beneath the public's indignation. The cumulative effect of delayed home re­ No longer is a person innocent until For instance, under capital gains, the pairs and maintenance is especially vexing. proved guilty. Some of our laws now state profit made from the sale of stocks and bonds Home deterioration is a progressive blight. that you are guilty until you have proved owned for at least six months is now covered A repair that goes undone one year may cost your innocence. under a special tax rate which permits only twice as much to correct in the second year. We all forget what we have lost under this hall! of the profits on most long-term in­ Since there has been a steady increase in government. vestments to be taxed. This allows millions the cost of home maintenance, we oan hardly What have we lost? of dollars of revenue to eECape taxation. hope that the rate of deterioration has de­ Freedom from arbitrary arrest and pun- Municipal bonds are another notorious creased. In fact, we can safely assume thait ishment. abuse. Complete exemption from tax income the dilapidation has spread. The protection of our courts. received on state and local bonds permits The right know. The $1000 deduction could be an effective to mill1onaires to invest large sums to secure way of stopping the spread of home dilapida­ The right to explain. tax-free incomes which otherwise would be How did we lose it? taxable if they were invested in stocks or tion and community deterioration. 1950: The Suppression of Communism Act property. And the depreciation allowance I propose defined Communism so widely that avowed It is reported that one wealthy widow would give the homeowner the same break anti-Communists are deemed Communists; earned over $1.5 million tax free annually now granted to the owners of income-pro­ and gave the Minister powers normally held through municipal bonds while her gar­ ducing property. Why should there be any by the courts. dener, earning $5,000 yearly, pays $350 in differential? Surely the taxpayer who invests 1953: The Criminal Procedure Act further federal taxes. in home property has the same taxes, over­ diminished the powers of the courts, allow­ One of the more scandalous abuses is the head and maintenance problems as a com­ ing the Minister to refuse bail and to order oil depletion allowance. This permits oil and mercial property owner. summary trials. gas companies to enjoy a "depletion allow­ Before the American taxpayer loses confi­ 1962: The Sabotage Act defined sabotage ance" under which 27.5 percent of their net dence in Congress we must put an end to so widely that many normal activities can be income is exempt from taxation, in addition tax abuses, eliminating the "double stand­ punished as "sabotage" in certain circum­ to being allowed to reduce their t ax liabili­ ard" which makes a mockery out of our stances. ties by rapid write-offs of operating costs. tradition of taxation based on ability to 1963: 90-day detention clause; replaced by The result is that many oil companies pay pay. 1965: 180-day detention clause allowing no taxes at all. And it's been pointed out Since the American taxpayer pays con­ detention for indefinitely recurring periods that one non-paying oil firm with a net in­ siderably more than do the wealthy, and the of 180 days and excluding the courts from come of $65 milUon over a five-year period disparity between what the average family access to persons detained. actually received a $235,000 tax refund one pays and what the privileged don't pay, is 1967: The Terrorism Act provided for in­ year on losses incurred in a previous year ! now public knowledge, Congress is faced definite detention for interrogation and de­ These tax abuses are outrageous, and sug­ with a crisis of confidence that can only be fined terrorism so widely as to include "em­ gest to the average American taxpayer that alleviated by direct, immediate tax reform barrassing the administration of the affairs our tax structure is not really progressive, and t ax relief. of State." This Act was made retrospective based on one's ability to pay. The discrep­ Otherwise, disrespect for our laws will in­ for five years before it became law. ancies must end. But after all those years of crease, and the healthy democratic relation­ 1969: The Boss Act makes it an offense, abuse, isn't it time that the average Ameri­ ship between those who are taxed and those punishable with up to seven years' jail, to can, forced to shoulder an unfairly large who are representing the taxpaying public communicate anything about security, in­ share of the tax burden, be given just con­ in the halls of government will be threatened. cluding anything about what the Bureau for sideration? Shouldn't real tax reform also Sincerely, State Security itself is doing. It also deprives mean tax relief where it is most needed and SEYMOUR HALPERN, the courts of the right to decide whether justified? Member of Congress. evidence shall enjoy State privilege, i.e., be 20780 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 24, 1969 silence. This applies to evidence affecting not ing the attack on the oil depletion al­ If the prospect is discouraging with the only security but also the "interests of the allowance, it's not ha;rd to see what it will be State." lowance which makes sense to me. I would like to bring to your attention without the allowance. WHERE INNOCENCE MAY NOT HELP and to the attention of the other Mem­ A police spokesman has confirmed that in bers of this body, this editorial from the the latest swoop between 30 and 40 people Dallas Morning News of July 23 1969 are being held under the Terrorism Act 1n which is as follows: ' ' ONE SMALL STEP-ONE GIANT Pretoria. How many are there all over the LEAP country? · SYMBOL OR SENSE? We have no means of knowing. We are told The attack on the oil depletion allowance, we have no right to know. Their relatives which has long been a regular feature of each have no right to know. Parliament has no political season, seems to have thrust closer HON. JAMES G. FULTON right to know. to its goal than ever before. OF PENNSYLVANIA The depletion allowance is a favorite sym­ The Minister refused to give figures to IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Parliament of the number of people detained bolic target of liberals. It is usually por­ under the Terrorism Act because "it is not trayed to the public as a loophole in the Thursday, July 24, 1969 tax laws, an escape hatch by which the in the public interest." Mr. FULTON of Pennsylvania. Mr. When asked if all detainees were visited by privileged and the get-rich-quick promoter a magistrate at least once a fortnight he re­ can get away with money that rightfully Speaker, under leave to extend my re­ plied "Yes, except in exceptional ca.ses. where belongs to the government. marks in the RECORD, I include the fol­ the circumstances did not permit such To add to that propaganda advantage, lib­ lowing: visits." erals can play on the current revolt of the [From the Wa.shd.ngton (D.C.) Post, When asked how many were not so visited, ordinary taxpayer, who ts fed up with bear­ July 21, 1969] . ing the burdens of an increasing load of for what period, and what were the circum­ ONE SMALL STEP-ONE GIANT LEAP stances, his reply was "in view Of the volume government. This justifiably angry citizen of work involved in the collection of the par­ can easily be set in a rage by the propaganda The cre.ature who once stood bMnking at ticulars asked for it 1s not practicable to which shows depletion as a bonanza for the the door of his PaJeoUth.fc cave has come a furnish the required information." wealthy few, the rich oilmen. long way. No longer is he tied to the area or If this happened to you, your certainty of The oil industry, to combat the emotion­ even to the world W'here he was born. The your own innocence would avail you nothing. charged rich oilman stereotype and the loop­ heavens l•ie open now. The time nears when Four people have died this year while in hole charge, has only facts and figures to he will l'oam his solar system. At tong Last, detention: one on the day following his ar­ defend its case. While these have always man is on the brink of mastering the uni­ rest, one three days after, one four days after been enough in reasoned debate to convince verse. and one three months after. thinking men that the allowance ls just, The technological and scientific achieve­ Thirty-two people were detained during they are not effective weapons in a political ments demonstrated yeste·rday in the land­ 1968 under Proclamation 400 Of 1960 in the propaganda match. ing of a manned spacecraft on the surface of Transkei. Seven people had already been de­ The oilmen have pointed out, for instance, the moon surpass all that have gone before. tained this year under this Proclamation by that the depletion allowance was not the The three-man team of Armstrong, AldTin May 20. result of a loophole, an omission. It was de­ and Collins has shown that man can travel Twenty-seven people were detained under signed carefully by Congress to give the oil incredible distances, land safely on non­ 180 days in 1968. Eleven people had already industry and other industries that produce earthly boctie·s, d·evise equipment to sustain been detained this year under this clause natural resources the ability to renew their human lif'e where nature has not provided by May. reserves, as manufacturing industries renew for its existence, and prepare to return to Banned without trial: On August 30, 1968, their plan ts through depreciation allowances. earth. Few of the.fr forerunners who explored 490 people were living under banning orders. They have pointed out that in the past the the planet earth reached their goals with so Others have been banned since that date. allowance has provided an added incentive good a chance of returning to tell of it. Mr. Robert Sobukwe, released from jail to the development of oil produotion in this The exploits of these brave men, and of the after senflood thrut field with new capital and new fundamentals of creation. By doing so, they overseas but 1,251 applications for visas to businesses. It is obvious that businessmen have extended the horizons of all mankind visit South Africa were refused during 1968. and inves·tors will go into the types of enter­ by holding out the promise of unlimited en­ What have we got to hide? prise that return them high earnings. That's ergy, perfootion in reproduction, and new Peace at any price: " ... we can live in the economic common sense. knowledge of what life itself ls all about. year 1969 in a South Africa which is calm Yet in the supposedly sure-thing business But each of these magnificent achievements and peaceful. ..."-the Prime Minister. of oil production, the trend has been the holds also the seeds Of disaster. Few greater A strange sort Of peace when bannings, other way. In the past 10 years oil well drill­ evils could befall mankind than for men to banishments, house arrests, detention with­ ing has slumped by a third in the U.S. In the carry their OO.l"thly disputes to the Sitars. out trial, passports refused, secret police, in­ same period, about 50 per cent of the nation's There is, however, something humbling formers, interrogation are an accepted part independent oil oompanies have got out of about the 1anding of men on the moon. Six of our everyday life. the business. men have now seen the earth as it really Is­ In Texas, with only a third of the prospec­ a speck in the infinity of space. In that con­ tive oil area sufficiently tested, the slump in text, man's exploits must seem puny and his drilling has contributed to a one-billion­ egocentric view of the universe must disap­ SYMBOL OR SENSE? barrel decline in underground oil reserves in pear. He ls merely baggage on a planet in a the past decade. We're not finding new oil to sola,r system that is a tiny part of something replace oil that we are using. he can scarcely begin to understand. HON. HENRY B. GONZALEZ If the oil-finding business were the tax­ Thus, while this is no doubt a day for OF TEXAS free cinch the critics say it ls. it would be national rejoicing and thanksgiving, it is IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES drawing swarms of enterprisers and the oil also a day for national renewal. It is true that the United States has won the race 1JO Thursday, July 24, 1969 search would be booming. In fact, despite the the moon and has thrown back into the face growth in energy demand and the slump in of the Soviet Union the boast of then-Pre­ Mr. GONZALEZ. Mr. Speaker, I have available reserves, men and money have been mier Khrushchev, just seven years ago, that just finished reading an editorial regard- going elsewhere to rnek profit!>. his country's space achievements would July 24, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 20781 "demonstraroe the great .advantage of the so­ CAPTIVE NA TIO NS WEEK and official means the historic fact that the ciaast system." But it would be tragic if people of the United States share with them Americans viewed this great event in a na­ their aspirattons for the recovery of their tionalistic framework. If thiis Nation stands HON. CHARLES S. JOELSON freedom and independence: Now, therefore, taller in the world today, it does so because OF NEW JERSEY be it it stands on the shoulde1'8 of men of many Resolved by the Senate and House of Rep­ countries-the men who from Copernicus IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES resentatives of the United States of America and Galileo through Goddard, Von Braun, Thursday, July 24, 1969 in Congress assembled, That the President Tsiolkovsky and Obert.ill dreamed of such a of the United States is authorized and re­ day. Armstrong and Aldrin landed on the Mr. JOELSON. Mr. Speaker, this year quested to issue a proclamation designating moon not just as Americans but as repre­ the President of the United States again the third week in July 1959 as "Captive Na­ sentatives of the human race. issued a proclamation designating the tions Week" and inviting the people of the The hope of Apollo 11 is that this achd.eve­ third week in July as "Captive Nations United States to observe such week with ap­ ment, along With the others in space, past, Week." Similar proclamations have been propriate ceremonies and activities. The present and future, Russian as well as Amer­ issued since 1959 under the provisions of President is further authorized and re­ ican, Will rekindle man's dreams and revive Public Law 86-90. quested to issue a similar proclamation each his lagging sipiri,ts. The world needs men year until such time as freedom and inde­ now who believe in thedr dreams of pros­ On the 11th observance of this most pendence shall have been achieved for all the perity and brotherhood at home, peace and important commemoration, I think it captive nations of the world. good will on earth, and adventure and co­ fitting to insert into the CONGRESSIONAL operation in space. RECORD the act that provided for Presi­ CAPTIVE NATIONS WEEK, 1959 The record of history makes it possible to dential notice to the American people (A proclamation by the President of the believe that this hope of Apollo 11 is not in that we have not forgotten others less United States of America) vain. Writing of a part of the world at the fortunate than ourselves, and also the Whereas many nations throughout the time this last great frontier was opened, proclamations issued by Presidents world have been made captive by the im­ Samuel Eliot Morrison said: Eisenhower and Johnson: perialistic and a.ggressive policies of Soviet "At the end of 1492 most men in Western communism; and Europe felt exceedingly gloomy about the CAPTIVE NATIONS WEEK-PUBLIC LAW No. Whereas the peoples of the Soviet-domi­ future. Christian civilization appeared to be 86-90 nated nations have been deprived of their shrinking in area and dividing into hostile RESOLUTION national independence and their individual units. Institutions were decaying, well-mean­ S.J. Res. 111 liberties; and ing people were growing cynical or desperate. H.J. Res. 454, 459 Whereas the citizens of the United States ... Islam was expanding at the expense of are linked by bonds of family and principle Christendom. Every effort to recover the Holy Whereas the greatness of the United States to those who love freedom and justice on Sepulchre at Jerusalem, touchstone of Chris­ is in large part attributable to its having every continent; and tian prestige, had been a failure. The Otto­ been able, through the democratic process, to Whereas it is appropriate and proper to man Turks, after snuffing out all that re­ achieve a harmonious national unity of its manifest to the peoples of the captive na­ mained of the Byzantine Empire, had over­ people, even though they stem from the most tions the support of the Government and run most of Greece, Albania and Serbia; diverse of racial, religious, and ethnic back­ the people of the United States of America presently they would be hammering at the grounds; and for their just aspirations for freedom and gates of Vienna." Whereas this harmonious unification of the national independence; and Then came the voyages of Columbus and diverse elements of our free society has led Whereas by a joint resolution approved the other captains who pursued the vision of the people of the United States to possess a and requested the President of the United Henry the Navigator. As word of their ex­ warm understanding and sympathy for the States of America to issue a proclamation ploits spread, Morrison wrote, "new ideas aspirations of peoples everywhere and to rec­ designating the third week in July 1959 as tlaved up throughout Italy, France, Germany ognize the natural interdependency of the Captive Nations Week and to issue a similar and the Northern nations; faith in God re­ peoples and nations of the world; and proclamation each year until such time as vives and the human spirit is renewed." Whereas the enslavement of a substantial freedom and independence shall have been It was not without good reasons that his­ part of the world's population by Communist achieved for all the captive nations of the torians arbitrarily selected the year 1500 as imperialism makes a mockery of the idea of world: the beginning of modern history. After the peaceful coexistence between nations and Now, therefore, I, Dwight D. Eisenhower, discovery of a New World, Will Durant has constitutes a detriment to the natural bonds President of the United States of America, do written, "A pride of achievement inspired the of understanding between the people of the hereby designate the week beginning July human mind just when Copernicus was United States and other peoples; and 19, 1959, as "Captive Nations Week." about to reduce the cosmic importance of the Whereas since 1918 the imperialistic and I invite the people of the United States earth and its inhabitants. Man felt that the aggressive policies of Russian communism of America to observe such week with ap­ world of matter had been conquered by the have resulted in the creation of a vast em­ propriate ceremonies and activities and I courage of the human mind. The medieval pire which poses a dire threat to the secu­ urge them to study the plight of the Soviet­ motto for Gibraltar-ne plus ultra-was de­ rity of the United States and of all the free dominated nations and to recommit them­ nied by abbreviation; it became now plus peoples of the world; and selves to the support of the just aspirations ultra-more beyond. All limits were re­ Whereas the imperialistic policies of Com­ of the peoples of those captive nations. moved; all the world was open; everything munist Russia have led through direct and seemed possible." indirect aggression to the subjugation of the CAPTIVE NATIONS WEEK, 1967-A PROCLAMA- That, then, should be the spirit in which national independence of Poland, Hungary, TION BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED this Nation and the world celebrate the Lithuania, Ukraine, Czechoslovakia, Latvia, STATES OF AMERICA achievement of our as·tronauts. A new fron­ Estonia, White Ruthenia, Rumania, East Whereas the joint resolution approved July tier has opened. New worlds are there to be Germany, Bulgaria, mainland China, Ar­ 17, 1959 (73 Stat. 212), authorizes and re­ conquered. But success brings responsibility menia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, North Korea, quests the President of the United States of as well as glory. The landing of men on the Albania, Idel-Ural, Tibet, Cossackia, Turke­ America to issue a proclamation each year moon is a challenge as well as a triumph­ stan, North Vietnam, and others; and designating the third week in July as "Cap­ a challenge that men get on with the task of Whereas these submerged nations look to tive Nations Week" until such time as free­ solving earthly problems as well as confront­ the United Staites as the citadel of human dom and independence shall have been ing nature in space, that he learn to live in freedom, for leadership in bringing about achieved for all the captive nations of the peace as well as to compete for supremacy. their liberation and independence and in world; and Above all, however, every human being can restoring to them the enjoyment of their Whereas freedom and justice are basic rejoice at being alive today as the space age Christian, Jewish, Moslem, Buddhist, or other human rights to which all men are entitled; begins. The words of William H. McNe111 religious freedoms, and of their individual and never have had a stronger ring of truth. liberties; and Whereas the independence of peoples re­ Writing in The Rise of the West, he said, Whereas it is vital to the national security quires their exercise of the elemental right "Man some centuries from now will surely of the United States that the desire for lib­ of free choice; and look back upon our times as a golden age of erty and independence on the part of the Whereas these inalienable rights have been unparalleled technical, intellectual, institu­ peoples of these conquered nations should be circumscribed or denied in many areas of the tional and perhaps even of artistic creativity. steadfastly kept alive; and world; and Life in Demosthenes' Athens, in Confucius' Whereas the desire for liberty and inde­ Whereas the United States of America, China, and in Mohammed's Arabia was vio­ pendence by the overwhelming majority of from its founding as a nation has had an lent, risky and uncertain; hope struggled the people of these submerged nations con­ abiding commitment to the principles of na­ with fear; greatness teetered perilously on stitute a powerful deterrent to war and one tional independence and human freedom: the brim of disaster. We belong in this high of the best hopes for a just and lasting peace; Now, therefore, I, Lyndon B. Johnson, company and should count ourselves for­ and President of the United States of America, do tunate to live in one of the great ages of the Whereas it is fitting that we clearly mani­ hereby designate the week beginning July world." fest to such people through an appropriate 16, 1967 as Captive Nations Week. 20782 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 24, 1969 I invite the people of the United States the thousands of known criminals and law of government for the District of Colum­ of America to observe this week with appro­ violators in this country. bia run by responsible people. The opera­ priate ceremonies and activities, and I urge them to give renewed devotion to the just From El Reno, Okla.: tion of the present municipal govern­ aspirations of all peoples for national inde­ I wish to ask you to resist all attempts at ment is a disgrace. pendence and human liberty. further restrictive gun legislation and to use Tuesday night a Member of the other In witness Whereof, I have hereunto set your infiuence to repeal those portions of the body was the victim of an armed robbery my hand this twelfth day of July in the year existing law that pose a hardship on law­ as he drove his car into the garage at his of our Lord nineteen hundred and sixty­ abiding citizen-sportsmen. The only laws of home here. Wednesday morning an in­ seven, and the Independence of the United this nature should be directed solely at the truder rifted the purse and stole the States of America the one hundred and crimlnal and his association. wallet of one of my secretaries in my of­ ninety-second. LYNDON B. JOHNSON. From Laverne, Okla.: fice in the House Office Building. Last I feel we need a law punishing the ones night my car was broken into while that misuse the guns, instead of punishing parked at the diplomatic parking area, the respected and honorable citizens that while visiting the South Vietnamese GUN CONTROL COMMENTS own guns. Embassy and some .of my personal prop­ erty was stolen. From Mustang, Okla.: Mr. Speaker, 10 days ago this Nation HON. JOHN N. HAPPY CAMP This is my first letter as a voter in 28 years demonstrated the high point in our tech­ OF OKLAHOMA of voting in the state of Oklahoma, to a nological development by the launching legislator, and I would like to stand up and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES be counted against any further absurd gun of a successful expedition to walk on the Thursday, July 24, 1969 legislation against the people of the United moon. Today that expedition returned. States. I include local news clippings illustra­ Mr. CAMP. Mr. Speaker, I have today tive of the deterioration of the civiliza­ introduced two measures affecting the Another strong objection I have to this tion in our Nation's Capital during this Gun Control Act of 1968 which was act is the manner of enforcement prac­ period following my remarks: ticed by the Internal Revenue Service. I signed into law on October 22, 1968. One (From the Washington Evening Star, July 16, measure would repeal the ammunition invite my colleagues, if they have not al­ ready done so, to take a few hours to 1969] portion of the law, and the other would WOMAN Is ROBBED, RAPED BY GUNMAN repeal the entire law itself. read 19 pages of rules and regulations in the Federal Register of Saturday, De­ A 25-year-old Southeast Washington wom­ I feel so strongly about the adverse an was raped and robbed at gunpoint early affects of the Gun Control Act, and par­ cember 14, 1968. It is quite interesting yesterday as she walked home from a bus ticularly the ammunition portion, that I to see what the Internal Revenue Serv­ stop after seeing a movie. included this question on my recent first ice has read into the Gun Control Act Police said the woman told them that while annual legislative questionnaire. passed by the 90th Congress. I also urge she was walking in the 800 block of 21st St. The questionnaires returned to my my colleagues to take a look at some of NE she was approached by a man who drew office have indicated that the people of the forms IRS has prepared for business­ a pistol and ordered her into the bushes, took the Sixth Congressional District of Okla­ men selling firearms to complete. This $4 from her purse and then raped her. homa are overwhelmingly in favor of at Government has besieged its businessmen least repealing the ammunition portion with mountains of forms to fill out, and DISTRICT LAWYER FORFEITS $25 ON DISORDERLY of the law, that I felt compelled to intro­ the Internal Revenue Service gave them COUNT duce legislation that would do just that. another one with its interpretation of A District lawyer was charged yesterday The ammunition portion of the act de­ the Gun Control Act. with disorderly conduct after an incident In my mind, the Internal Revenue at the D.C. Court of General Sessions. fies all rules of logic. Why punish sports­ The lawyer, Thomas M. David, did no·t men and hunters by restricting their pur­ Service has grossly misinterpreted the contest the charge and was allowed to forfeit chases of ammunition? The average intent and will of Congress and has cre­ $25 by Judge John J. Malloy. criminal will not be seeking this ammu­ ated "back-door" :firearms registration. The incident occurred Friday afternoon. A nition, nor will he obtain it through nor­ It is my information that last year Con­ workman who had been install1ng air con­ mal channels. Why burden our sports­ gress voted overwhelmingly against such ditioning at General Sessions accused David men with having to go through moun­ registration. Why then should an agency of committing an unsanitary act in a stair­ tains of bureaucratic red tape simply to of the Government proceed with such well above the court's third floor. registration against the expressed wishes David, whose office is listed in the Wash­ purchase a box of ammunition to enjoy ington Building, 15th and K Streets NW, is a a hobby that has been a part of this Na­ of Congress? regular practicing attorney at General Ses­ tion since its very beginning? It is time for Congress to accept its sions, where he handles mostly traffic cases. Even more important, in my mind, is responsibility and pass legislation that outright repeal of the Gun Control Ac·t prosecutes criminals, particularly those POLICE EMPLOYE WOUNDS BANDIT, FACES GUN itself. If I had been a Member of the 90th who use firearms in the course of com­ COUNT . Congress when this measure was up for mitting a crime. It is also time for Con­ A civllian employe of the Metropolitan debate, I would have opposed it with all gress to restore to our law-abiding citi­ Police Department has been charged with the vigor and might I could summon. zens the freedom they are entitled to carrying a dangerous weapon as a result of Why did Congress feel compelled to pun­ enjoy, rightfully possess and exercise-­ a run-in Sunday night wi•th three bandits. ish the law-abiding citizens of this Na­ the right to bear arms. John A. Herzig, 47, of the 500 block of 20th tion when the only laws of this type Street SE, told police he routed three holdup should be directed toward criminals? men who confronted him in front of his home, shooting one in the abdomen. Why did Congress think the crime rate Herzig did not have a permit for his gun, would drop if it passed such a law? Ob­ DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA ENVIRON­ MENT-THE MOON IS SAFER a .25-caliber automa.tic, according to the viously, such has not been the case, as U.S. attorney's office, and he was charged our crime rate has been soaring ever with carrying a dangerous weapon, a mis­ higher. HON. JOHN R. RARICK demeanor carrying a maximum one-year I would like to share with my col­ OF LOUISIANA sentence. leagues a few of the comments my con­ stituents have made to me. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES [From the Washington Evening Star, From Arnett, Okla.: Thursday, July 24, 1969 July 24, 1969] The entire concept of controll1ng weapons Mr. RARICK. Mr. Speaker, from time GIRL, 16, REP<>RTS RAPE BY FOUR MEN 1s wrong, unduly restrictive and oppressive to time I have felt it appropriate to call A 16-year-old District girl told police that since only people commit crimes, and only to the attention of our colleagues the she was raped by four men in downtown people can be convicted of crimes. Laws appalling conditions which exist in Washington early today. should be more stringent against people who The girl said she was strolling with her commit crimes using fl.rearms. Washington, the Nation's Capital. Un­ boy friend, also 16, in the 1100 block of W fortunately there is no improvement, nor Street NW when four men approached them. From Ponca City, Okla.: is there any prospect of progress until we She said one of the men grabbed her by the Please repeal this bill and concentrate on in the Congress exercise .our constitu­ neck and her boyfriend ran off to seek help. the speedy prosecution and conviction of tional responsibility to provide a system She s811d the four forced her to the rear July 24, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 20783 of a building in the 2200 block of the 11th lems "terribly" by not living up to its re­ The bronze plaque was presented by Street, where all four raped her. sponsibility to protect embassies properly. the president of the society to the direc­ She was treated at D.C. General Hospital He said that when the complaints from tor of the National Park Service. The and released. embassies came to the personal attention of Great Falls Canal and Locks was an un­ the President, Nixon called a White House dertaking pioneered by George Wash­ COMMON-LAW HUSBAND CHARGED IN NORTH­ meeting and it was decided to place em­ WEST KILLING bassy security . under the Secret Service and ington, as president of the Potomac Co., in 1785-89. The completion of the canal The common-law husband Of a 38-year-old White House police instead of the State De­ Northwest Washington woman who was partment's security forces. and locks marked a major engineering stabbed to death yesterday afternoon, has Rossides emphasized, as did James J. feat in America. Even before the Revolu­ been charged with homicide, police said. Rowley, Secret Service director that the tion, a navigable Potomac waterway as a Daisy R. Bolden, of the 2300 block of 18th Secret Service will work closely with former route for trade with the west beyond the Street NW, was found in front of her home D.C. Police Chief John B. Layton. Alleghany Mountains was proposed by at about 3:30 p.m., police said. She had been Layton has resigned from the police de­ partment to become a special assistant to George Washington. As surveyor, engi­ stabbed once in the shoulder and once in neer, and military emissary for Virginia the stomach. Charged with homicide was Ambassador Emil Mosbacher Jr., chief of Robert Thomas, 36, of the same address. protocol, to work on the foreign embassy into frontier country, he saw the need. protection problem. Later, he succeeded in importuning the COMPLAINTS RISE Virginia and Maryland legislatures in MAN SHOT, KNIFED BY Two YOUTHS 1785, to charter the Potomac Co. to make A Northeast Washington man was shot and Rowley said that in recent months, "the knifed last night by two youths who stopped administration has been receiving numerous the river "a common highway for-navi­ him and asked for a match. complaints from members of foreign delega­ gation and commerce." The construction John Davis of 847 21st St. NE is in "un­ tions . . . concerning the high incidence of of the Great Falls Canal and Locks took determined condition" today at the D.C. crime resulting in the loss of embassy prop­ from 1785 until 1802, and were operated General Hos,pital. erty and the victimizing of embassy em­ until 1821. They marked the first major According to the police, he was· stopped ployes. · river navigation system to move this about 9 p.m. at 44th and Eaid Streets NE by "Embassy personnel have been subjected to acts of vandalism, robbery, bombing country westward. two youths who asked him for a match. It is noteworthy that the ASCE, When Davis failed to produce one, one youth threats, and other crimes in close proxim~ty cut him with a knife and the other shot him of their embassies," Rowley said, citing spe­ founded in 1852, representing the pri­ in the abdomen. cific examples at the Ethiopian Chancery vate sector of our country, and the Na­ in July and Saudi Arabian embassy in Au­ tional Park Service, representing the gust 1968. NIXON ASKS ADDED ROLE FOR WHITE HOUSE Government, are working so closely to The Secret Service chief said he also preserve this historic landmark. POLICE wants additional men to provide an adequate (By Ronald Sarro) force at the White House itself to respond I would like to take this opportunity The Nixon administration today disclosed to any eventuality, including rioting, with­ to give special recognition of those who plans to more than triple the size of the out having to rely on outside forces. made yesterday's program such a suc­ White House police force and use it to pro­ As outlined by Rossides, District police cess: tect crime-plagued foreign embassies and would continue to do investigative work REPRESENTING THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF CIVIL chanceries in Washington. after arrests are made and to control dem­ ENGINEERS Administration spokesmen said that the onstrations and disturbances near foreign plan was devised at President Nixon's per­ property under an arrangement with D.C. NATIONAL OFFICERS sonal direction after complaints about crime Chief Jerry Wilson and Deputy Chief George Frank H. Newman, Jr., President. against foreign personnel and property . "be­ Donohue. Graham P. Willoughby, Vice President, came·a maitter of urgent concern of the Presi­ In response to committee questions, Ros­ Zone II. dent." sides said the President was not seeking a Eugene W. Weber, District 5 Director. The plan for a major departure from "blank check" to use the Secret Service for William H. Wisely, Executive Secretary. the traditional role of White House police, protection duties as he sees fit, but only NATIONAL CAPITOL SECTION which under the Secret Service have limited wanted a congressional stamp of approval Albert A. Grant, President. their duties to protecting the White House on his use of the Secret Service to do such and its offices, was disclosed at a hearing be­ things as guarding Gov. Nelson Rockefeller GEORGE WASffiNGTON CANAL AND LOCKS fore the House subcommittee on pub1ic on his Latin American trip as well as visit­ COMMJ;TTEE buildings and grounds. ing heads of state. Gail A. Hathaway, Chairman. Before the committee is a measure which Rossides said the administration would not John Nolen, Jr., Vice Chairman. would remove any statutory ce111ng on the object if the committee put an 850-man ceil­ HISTORY AND HERITAGE OF AMERICAN CIVIL number of White House police and fully ing on the White House police instead of an ENGINEERING authorize the President to use the police unlimited one and indicated he did not ob­ Neal Fitzsimons, Chairman. and Secret Service for protection as he sees ject to the restriction of their use at this flt. time to the Washington area as long as this REPRESENTING THE NATIONAL PARK SERVICE, Committee members expressed support for did not interfer with protecting the Pres1- DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR protection of embassies, but they had seri­ dent's family. J. E. N. Jensen, Associate Director for ous questions about an unlimited White Planning and Development. House police force and granting presidential Nash Castro, Regional Director, National authority in "blank-check" fashion. Capitol Region. Eugene T. Rossides, assistant secretary of NATIONAL HISTORICAL CIVIL Floyd B. Taylor, Superintendent, Great the Treasury for law enforcement, said the ENGINEERING LANDMARK Falls Park. administration wants to increase the size of the White House police from the 250 author­ ized since 1962 to 850. He said 400 of the HON. GILBERT GUDE PUERTO RICAN DAY new men would be assigned to embassies. OF MARYLAND Since most White House police transfer IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES from the D.C. police department a.nd U.S. HON. PETER W. RODINO, JR. Park Police here, it seemed clear that the Thursday, July 24, 1969 OF NEW JERSEY plan would siphon oft' men from those two Mr. GUDE. Mr. Speaker, yesterday I IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES departments which are currently trying to attended the ceremonies providing for increase their own strengths. Thursday, July 24, 1969 Maj. Glenard Lanier told the subcommit­ the designation of the Great Falls Canal tee that the 500 additional positions could and Locks as a National Historical Civil Mr. RODINO. Mr. Speaker, this Sun­ easily be filled from the District and Park Engineering Landmark at the Great day the State of New Jersey will once police forces. He said they like the idea of Falls Park, Va. The designation of these again celebrate Puerto Rican Day, com­ working for the White House, but "they do landmarks is a program carried on in memorating the attainment of common­ not want to be policemen on the streets." conjunction with the Department of the wealth status by that lovely island on Rossides said the State Department has Interior, National Park Service, and the July 25, 1952. The close association be­ identified 20 or 21 embassies or chanceries American Society of Civil Engineers. This tween the United States and Puerto Rico in the city as needing full-time protection. goes back many more years, however, Motor patrols would be used to cover the is a remarkable program, and very balance of the 117 embassies and chancerJes, worthwhile, as it preserves our heritage years of increasing mutual benefit and he said. in the field of civil engineering-which cordial cooperation. Rossi des said the United States has been has played such a large role in the ad- Under its present constitution, Puerto exposing itself to serious international prob- vancement of our country. · Rico has made tremendous strides to- CXV--1310-Part 15 20784 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 24, 1969 ward transforming itself from an agri­ to wish Edith and Bill the best in the years Well, all I can say is that I am sorry cultural economy into a modern indus­ to come, to enjoy that retirement. about that. trial society with a diversified economic Bill ca.me to Washington 17 years ago as Seriously, we must, of course, look ahead. secretary-treasurer of the AFL, after many There is much to be done that directly con­ base. In many ways, Puerto Rico has years of service in the Bakery and Confec­ cerns all of us, our membership and their been a pace-setter, an example to the tionery Workers International Union. He has families. We must, for instance, for the bene­ world of how economic development can continued as secretary-treasurer of the AFL­ fit of our membership and their families and be undertaken and achieved in a young CIO from the merger for the ~ast 14 years. of all America, raise the minimum wage of and vital democracy. He has seen much progress in that time-­ the lower paid people of this country. In the development of new industry, the progress of the AFL-CIO measured by the We must bring about the creation of a in the training of workers, in the im­ only measurement that is worth anything massive new jobs program to eliminate hard and that is the measurement of human val­ core unemployment. We must improve our provement of education, Puerto Rico has ues. In other words, benefits to our mem­ educational system with fully funded pr.o­ achieved outstanding successes. In the bership have been steady by any measure grams, scholarships and facilities, with a bet­ 7 short years between 1959 and 1966, that relates to the primary function of a ter paid staff of teachers. Puerto Rico's national income more trade union center: We need 26 million new housing units than doubled. Better wages, better oontracts, better oon­ between now and eight years from now, in Today, she continues to make impres­ ditions on the job, higher pensions, welfare 1977. sive progress: unemployment is grad­ benefits, more effective political action and So I can say to you here tonight that la­ ually being reduced, while rapid devel­ an enhanced reputation and standing as a bor is aware of its problems. It is prepared "peoples' lobby" here in Washington, lobby­ to move ahead in the 1970's to discharge opment in both manufacturing and ing for legislation that benefits all the citi­ our obligations to the workers of America tourism have triggered a phenomenal zens of this great country-education, mini­ and to the community of which we are a rise in the standard of living. Puerto mum wage, cJ.vil rights-all of these enact­ part. Rico has become a model of planned ments of the last few years bear the AFL­ We need lower interest rates for mortgages economic development and political CIO label. so the people of this country can buy homes. stability. Of course it is not all a success story. We We have come to the point in this nation Constitution Day is one for celebra­ have by no means in these past 14 years where a man making $20,000 a year with an tion, a day on which to pay tribute to pleased &veryone by our actions. Some say average family cannot afford to buy his own th.at we are too powerful, that our wings home under the present monetary system. the magnificent Puerto Rican people should be clipped by putting us under the We have got to do something about that. who love their country, their families, anti-trust laws as an illegal conspiracy We need a 50 percent increase in Social and their heritage. As U.S. citizens, against the public interest. And we are told Security benefits. Puerto Ricans have made significant that we are responsible for inflation, among We need a better deal for consumers. We contributions to all areas of public life­ other evils. We are portrayed, almost daily need better protection, by law, for the safety we have Rear Adm. Horazio Rivero, in the Soviet press, as agents of imperialism of workers on the job. · Commander in Chief of Allied Forces in or lackeys of Wall Street. And we must attack inflation at its base, Southern Europe; tennis great Charley And then there are those that say we the price-profit squeeze of the big corpora­ have not really done our job, that we are es­ tions of this country. Passarell; Peruchin Cepeza in baseball, sentially a narrow, economic pressure group, And we need fair tax laws-laws that will Metropolitan Opera star Justino Diaz, unmindful of the problems of our total make all pay their taxes in proportion to actor Jose Ferrar and actress Rita society. their income. Moreno. In my own 10th District, many For instance, we have been told that we So I can say to you here tonight, 'While of our leading citizens are of Puerto failed to develop the social consciousness we are enjoying ourselves, that we hav~ got Rican background. I am looking forward required to reorder our priorities so as to to think of 1970-1970 is going to be a cru­ to joining them in Newark on Sunday achieve total comm.itment of our resources cial election year. for the annual Puerto Rican Day parade, in order to expand the scope and quality of Ali of the things we believe in will "be at a broad range of essential community and stake in that election and I hope it is true and I am delighted to add my warmest social services (that is quite a mouthful) in­ thait they say we have the best political good wishes to all Puerto Ricans on this cluding guaranteed income for all. This, we machine in America. I hope that is true festive occasion. are told, can be done by enlisting the maxi­ because it is going to be needed in 1970. mum and meaningful participation of all And I am sure, as we proceed, that Bill those who live in the inner city, as well as Schnitzler will be an interested observer of consumer and professional groups from the the things to come. I am sure that he will liberal sections of our society. have more than a passing interest in the ADDRESSES OF PRESIDENT GEORGE In addition, we are told that we have failed work of the AFL-CIO and in the future MEANY AND SECRETARY-TREAS­ to work with others to raise the level of pub­ progress of the workers of this country. URER WILLIAM F. SCHNITZLER OF lic understanding of the great social, politi­ And, likewise, all of us here tonight (and THE AFL-CIO, WASHINGTON, D.C., cal and economic issues tha.t face the Amer­ I think we have demonstrated this by the JULY 17, 1969 ican people, understanding that is neces­ presence of so many from so many organiza­ sary to stimulate and encourage maXimum tions), will have a keen interest in what Bill citizenship participation in the affairs of our and Edith will be doing in their retirement. nation. I am sure that I voice the sentiment of HON. JOHN BRADEMAS Also, tha;t we have failed to repair the all those in the AFL-CIO and all those here OF INDIANA alienation of the liberal intellectual and aca­ tonight when I say to Bill and Edith: IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES demic community, as well as the progressive Good luck, good health and many happy forces dedicated to freedom, democracy, as years to enjoy your retirement. Thursday, July 24, 1969 well as building bridges to the totalitarian world dominated by our totalitarian ADDRESS BY WILLIAM F. SCHNITZLER, SECRE­ Mr. BRADEMAS. Mr. Speaker, I was brothers. TARY-TREASURER EMERITUS OF THE AFL­ privileged to be present with many oth­ Also, we a.re told, that we are not respon­ CIO, AT HIS RETIREMENT DINNER, WASH­ ers at a dinner held on July 17, 1969, in sive to the forces of change which are shap­ INGTON, D.C., JULY 17, 1969 Washington, D.C., honoring William F. ing our tomorrow as we should be, if we On an occasion like this, there are many Schnitzler, the retiring secretary-treas­ are to deal effectively with the new challenges things a man feels and many things he wants urer of the AFL-CIO. that must be met, if we are to realize the to say. Under unanimous consent I submit the bright new promises of the technological rev­ Some of the words won't go past the lump text of the two principal addresses de­ olution which is shaping the fabric and in my throat-so I'll settle for the "priority livered on this occasion, the first, by Pres­ structure of American life. items", as they say in the jargon of official We la.ck, we are told, a sense of national Washington. ident George Meany of the AFL-CIO, commitment, as well as a sense of national First on the list of priorities is to count my and the second by Mr. Schnitzler for in­ purpose, which we must have if we are to blessings: clusion in the RE co Rn, as follows: cope with man's deteriorating environment. My devoted family-which has been not AN ADDRESS BY AFL-CIO PRESIDENT GEORGE We should reorder our priorities and then only tolerant of my travels and absences MEANY AT THE RETIREMENT DINNER FOR commit ourselves to the implementation of during the past 35 years-they have stood WILLIAM F. SCHNITZLER, SECRETARY-TREAS­ those priorities in order tha.t we may facili­ behind me and encouraged me in my work URER EMERITUS OF THE AFL-C!O, WASH­ tate and accelerate the forces of peaceful so­ even when the miles I travelled were many INGTON, D.C., JULY 17, 1969 cial change by developing the economic so­ and my absences were frequent and long. I don't have to tell you that I am delighted cial mechanism to make this possible. I count my blessings for my many that so many representatives of the AFL-CIO We must, in short, reassert the sovereignty fri~nds-those of you here tonight-those and its affiliates are present here tonight to of man over things. And, we are asked, are who can't be here--and those who have honor Bill Schnitzler on his retirement and we equal to the call of greatness? . passed on and I'll never see again. July 24, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 20785 And I consider it a blessing that I have I trust today's younger generation of labor you-for this dinner and its opportunity for had a chance to work in the labor movement. leaders will always remember this and keep good fellowship-for years of satisfaction I'm grateful that the members of Local 84 of it as their guiding principle--their slogan­ and warmth-for all you have done for the the Bakers Union chose me to lead them too. workers of America, for the people we are back in Newark in 1934. They supported me But as we look at the uncertainties of the all so privileged to represent. then and I'm proud to say that they sup­ future and realize the enormities of our I want to take one more moment, to ex­ ported me for the next 35 years right up to needs and problems, slogans will not be press my confidence in my successor, Lane June 30th. Let me say that it is not hard to enough. Kirkland. He is a good man; he will do a be a union official when you have stand-up The times will demand new courage; a good job. And I want to wish him the very troops like those behind you. vision of new horizons for ourselves and f·or best of luck and success. But if I count my blessings, I also have to the nation as a whole. And now, Mr. President, to all of you and examine my regrets. I have only one, really. This new courage will have to come from to each of you-thanks for coming out to­ It is that I should have done more for the men in the ranks of organized labor. New night to break bread with an old baker and labor movement. What and how much, I don't courage will be demanded of new leaders in his dear wife. We'll never forget any of you­ know and it isn't really important. But as I the laibor movement. For always there wlll be or this night. stand here tonight I am sure that, along adversaries and always there will be develop­ with achievements and successes, I've expe­ ments to challenge our existence and our rienced my share of missed opportunities ab111ty to influence the destiny of our and setbacks. I know it and I'm aware of it. country. OUR JOURNEY TO THE MOON And I regret those omissions that could, But we need not let these forces-whether perhaps, have helped to advan.ce the cause foreign or domestic, internal or external­ of the labor movement. turn our vision inward and knot us into HON. JEFFERY COHELAN I have tried to figure out what single crises-encircled enclaves of institutionalized achievement gave me the most satisfaction proletarians. OF CALIFORNIA and which could be honestly considered a For today organized labor has the re­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES significant contribution to the cause of AmeT­ sources--the people, the funds, the exper­ Thursday, July 24, 1969 ica and the labor movement. Without hesita­ tise and talent, and the experience-to take tion I come to the work of the Civil Rights an unlimited view of the future. We are in Mr. COHELAN. Mr. Speaker, I think Committee, which it has been my great honor that position where our goals of tomorrow that it is more than appropriate that we to chair. are providing us with our work now. pause for a moment to reflect upon the Long before other organized groups 1n We will soon be dedicating our own Labor wonderous events of the past few days. America took affirmative action to abolish Studies Center, for example. That · was the racial discrimination and eliminate prejudice, dream of the century for many of us and The success of our journey to the moon labor was at work in the field doing it. And now it's almost with us-tomorrow's goal is almost beyond our comprehension and since the merger in 1955, we in the AFL-CIO and we are working on it today. realization. And yet we claim with pride, have made great strides to improve human We are doing our own building for the and hopefully with humility, that we relations and to ensure equal opportunity future. We are no longer simply struggling did it. for all. To me, the chairmanship of. the AFL­ to survive in the here and now. We delight, and rightfully so, in the CIO Civil Rights Committee has been a true We are, in fact, a labor movement blessed experience of having achieved a great experience in brotherhood. Let me tell you, with architects of courage, dedication and accomplishment, an effort unsurpassed there is no greater cause than brotherhood foresight. We are growing and prospering, but achieving it presents a never-ending task. and with men soon to be landing on the in this century. We take pride in our I would be less than honest if I didn't ad­ moon, we might even say "the sky is the technological and scientific expertise mit there were times when my heart was limit." that culminated in this successful ven­ heavy and my mind in doubt about the fate But if we are to continue on this upward ture. We applaud the wisdom of those of the labor movement. There were times path, our own architects will have to have who had the foresight to approve the when employer resistance to unions was a new courage tailored to the tempeT of their research and development of our space fierce and to be a union member was to be time. They oan learn a lot from the giants program. Like children, we are thrilled less than a full citizen in the·ir eyes. Good, who were the founding generation of the hard-working men and women were physi­ labor movement. They can learn too from to have experienced the true spirit of cally assaulted and beaten and their dignity this current generation, for we have laid the pioneers and adventurers who have affronted-those were the times when my foundation for the future and it is solid. dared to enter the unknown. And all of heart was heavy. I'm proud, beyond words, to say that I'm us had the beautiful and simple excite­ And then there were times when it was honored that I have had the opportunity to ment of actually witnessing through tele­ revealed that inside the house of labor itself help work on that foundation. vision this remarkable trip. there were those who weren't true to their Last but not least on my list of priorities The truly beautiful and almost in­ trust and I had private doubts and fears tonight, is a tribute to President Meany. My again that the American labor movement respect fer and confidence in President spirational part of this whole effort is might not survive. Meany was always great and these have in­ that it simply came to be a result of a If I had a guiding principle in those dark creased enormously since I came down here determination and unity of effort that days of despair, it was simply to leave the in 1953. we rarely see or ever thought possible in gloom at home and never show it to my fel­ And without reservation, I can say the this country today. low trade unionists. I always tried to look same thing about each individual memb.er­ Yes, we did it. But let us really think ahead and keep my eyes on the doughnut past and present-of the Executive Council. about what we have done and about rather than the hole. I tried to inspire con­ Serving with them has been a true honor what we are going to do. The impact of fidence and steadfastness in my fellow union and a rare privilege. members. And let me pay tribute to the officers of the moon flight will be determined by But tonight will be wasted if I dwell too all our affiliated international unions. My history. Undoubtedly we will and should much on the past. regard for them has always been high and continue in our conquest of the unknown. It is true, lessons are learned from the it is higher today after so many years of But one thing is absolutely certain. If we past. And we've taken our lumps and learned knowing and working with them. can successfully conquer the moon, we a great deal. But we've enjoyed some spec­ In like manner, I take my hat off to the most certainly have the know-how and tacular successes too-and they outweigh. State and City Central Body officers and del­ wherewithal to settle our problems on the bad days. egates around the nation. The union men this planet, if we just simply put our Look at the New Deal legislation of the and women who serve in these vital organi­ minds to it. thirties: The Wagner Act, the Social Security zations do so at considerable expense and It Act and unemployment insurance were at self-sacrifice. They give that extra effort that And that is what we have to do. is the top of the labor movement's legislative often makes the difference between a policy unthinkable and contrary to what we aigenda and we pushed that legislation decision announced at the national level and have just accomplished for us to allow through the Congress at a time when there a victory at the state and local level. conditions of poverty, hunger, and dep­ were only 3 million mem.bers in our ranks. Last-but certainly not least-I want to rivation and disease to continue to ex­ The lesson here seems to be clear. And it pay a special tribute to the staff of the ist. We must reaffirm our stance against presents a challenge to the labor movement AFL-CIO-to the directors and their asso­ war and for peace. And we must con­ of today and tomorrow. If 3 mlllion union ciates, to the secretaries and clerks and all tinue to work to erase attitudes of hate members could win legislative battles for the other people who work in the headquar­ the betterment of America, 1n the 1930's, ters building and who never get their name and prejudice that keep our world in a then why can't 13¥2 million union members in the paper. They're fine people and I con­ constant state of turmoil and upset. win the battle for the perfection of America sider each of them my friend. We have great resources at our com­ in the 1970's? To President Meany, members of the Ex­ mand-great knowledge, great minds, From its earliest days lab(1r has said: "In ecutive Council, International Union officers, great expertise, and great determination. unity there is strength." friends and associates, I want to say thank All that we are lacking is the will. And 20786 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 24, 1969 we have shown that we have that. What to help education; another to control Most southern states resisted. Eisenhower we must do is direct it toward this education as a means to an end that has used the Army to enforce the non-existent planet. never been approved by the people. "law of the land" at Little Rock in 1957. Five Mr. Speaker, our responsibilities are Public education in the United States years later, Kennedy used military power to enforce the non-existent "law of the land" tremendous. Let us not lose sight of them is in a crisis and the crisis is a Federal in Mississippi. in the glory of our most recent national problem-one to be solved by the Con­ All of this prompted, and gave pretext for, success. Let us rather learn from our gress inasmuch as it is caused by Con­ Martin Luther King's "civil disobedience," victory in space and put this marvelous gress. which quickly escalated, by design, into the experience to work for us in a renewed The more disturbances and community sporadic guerrilla warfare th-at has ravaged and serious effort to make this world a unrest that results from Federal inter­ our cities and college campuses for the past better place to live in. ference, the more Federal solutions that five years. are offered, and the more money de­ In 1964--ten years after the Warren Court's first school desegregation decision--Congress manded-but always producing only new enacted a "law of the land" dealing with problems. This year the Federal educa­ UNLAWFUL LAW OF THE LAND segregation in public schools. tion bill is asking over $2 billion-how The Civil Rights Act of 1964 is uncon­ much next year? The educational-in­ stitutional. The Constitution grants the fed­ HON. JOHN R. RARICK dustrial complex wizards excel in the art eral government no power to intervene in educational matters; and the Tenth Amend­ OF LOUISIANA of spending money to gain more control over education but it is never their ment specifically reserves to the states, or IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES money-always the taxpayers' money. to the people thereof, all powers not granted Thursday, July 24, 1969 to the federal government. Nonetheless, the The only legitimate method to preserve Aot is a law of Congress. The proper recourse Mr. RARICK. Mr. Speaker, the Amer­ quality public education and halt this of the people is not to disobey the law, but ican people are becoming increasingly bid for raw power is to close the dykes to elect Members of Congress who will repeal disturbed at the gross usurpations which at the Treasury. Education is not a Fed­ it. are being committed by the other two eral function. Since we are compelled to obey the illegal branches of Government. I speak plainly The way to solve the education crisis mandate of the Warren Court's Brown deci­ is at the source-to free education either sion of 1954; and since our respect for orderly of the unlawful action of the judiciary, processes of government requires us to obey supported by the illegal action of the by repealing the Federal education acts or to cease furnishing taxpayers' dollars the illegal mandates of the Civil Rights Act executive, in undertaking to force math­ of 1964 until it is repealed, it is important to ematical integration-not desegregation, which are being lavishly expended con­ know what those mandaites are. but integration-on the citizens, both trary to the law. In Brown, the Warren Court remanded white and black, who have repeatedly As I have said time and time again, the four cases to federal district courts, in­ rejected an artificial system which can Mr. Speaker, the people are speaking. structing the lower courts "to enter such only destroy their schools and injure Are we listening? orders as are proper to admit to public schools their children. I include an informative article in the on a racially non-discriminatory basis, with Dan Smoot Report for July 21, follow­ all deliberaite speed, the parties to these The law of the land, enacted by the cases." 1 Congress, makes a clear distinction be­ ing my remarks. The clearest judicial interpretation of this tween integration and desegregation, but The article follows: mandate was made by a U.S. Circuit Court of both the judiciary and the executive con­ UNLAWFUL LAW OF THE LAND Appeals, in Briggs vs. Elliott, on July 15, 1955. tinue to ignore that distinction. It is our In the Brown vs. Board of Education deci­ The Circuit Court of Appeals said: responsibility to use the power of the sion of May 17, 1954, the Warren Court "The Supreme Court . . . has not decided purse to check these unlawful activities. abandoned the ancient principle that a court that the federal courts are to take over or The whole concept of financing educa­ should follow its own legal precedents, in regula:te the public schools of the states. It tion at the Federal level, where the De­ order to reverse an 1896 Supreme Court de­ has not decided that the states must mix cision, and to rule that racially segregating persons of different races in the schools or partment of HEW can decree that public schools by law violates the Four­ must require them to attend schools or must "guidelines" must be followed or the teenth Amendment-though admitting that deprive them of the right of choosing the schools will starve of the funds this body the Fourteenth Amendment, when written schools they attend. What it has decided, and has appropriated, is monstrous. In the and proclaimed adopted, had nothing to do all that it has decided, is that a state may not currently sought appropriations, over with public schools. deny to any person on account of race the $15% billion is requested for that De­ The Warren Court based its Brown deci­ right to attend any school that it main­ partment. Of that amount the fantastic sion: ( 1) on opinions of psychological and tains.... If the schools which it maintains sum of over $2,290 million is for Federal sociological "experts" 2 presented by the are open to children of all races, no viola tion NAACP-some of whom were officially con­ of the Constitution is involved even though education alone, making it one of the nected with the NAACP, an interested party the children of different races voluntarily at­ highest budgets of all of the Federal in the cases; and (2) on a "Social Science tend different sohools as they attend different agencies. Statement," signed, but not sworn to, by churches. Nothing in the Constitution or in All over our land our people are frus­ 32 "social scientists," none of whom had the decision of the Supreme Court takes trated over being mistreated in their any firsthand knowledge of the problems away f·rom the people freedom to choose the efforts to provide a quality education for involved in the cases at bar,1 some of whom schools they attend." 1 their children. They blame their prob­ were communist-fronters, others of whom The intent of the Civil Rights '.Act of 1964, lems on Federal judges, guidelines, bus­ were socialists (domestic and foreign). with regard to public schools, is also merely Brown is of preeminent importance, not to order that they be operated on a racially ing, ratio of races, pairing, and lack of because it ended legal segregation in public non-discriminatory basis. Like the Brown discipline in our schools. schools, but because, in it, the Supreme decision of 1954, the Civil Rights Act of These problems never existed until Court illegally asserted itself to be the gov­ 1964 does not order integration of schools. Federal education was sold to the Amer­ erning authority in the United States. The It orders desegregation, which it defines as ican people on the premise that it was Court assumed illegal power to change, ignore meaning "the assignment of students to desperately needed to prepare our chil­ or abolish the Constitution, the laws of public schools and within such schools with­ dren for the lead in technological com­ Congress, and the laws of individual states. out regard to their race, color, religion or petition with Russian students because The Brown decision was immediately pro­ national origin." The Act specifically says claimed the "law of the land"-although no that "desegregation shall not mean the as­ of the threat from international commu­ court has authority to make law. Only Con­ signment of students in order to overcome nism. However, the opportunity for a gress can make a "law of the land," and even racial imbalance;" and it declares that noth­ superior public education existed for gen­ that is not valid unless clearly authorized ing in the Act "shall empower any official erations before Federal aid to education by some specific provision in the Constitu­ or court of the United States to issue any was ever even heard of. tion which is the supreme law of the land. order seeking to achieve a racial balance I think most of our colleagues regard A court decision is applicable only to the in any school by r equiring the transparta­ education as a sacred calf and are afraid parties specifically involved in the decision. tion of pupils or students from one school to vote against any measure which ap­ The Brown decision involved only four school to another . . . in order to achieve such systems. racial balance." pears to help give a child a chance to Nonetheless, there was insistent demand Southern schools complied with the Civil become educated. Yet we would be blind that all southern schools comply with the Rights Act of 1964 by adopting freedom-of­ not to see what is taking place under Supreme Court's new "law of the land." choice plans-eliminating racial considera­ the name of education for purely socio­ tions in school operations, allowing every logical goals. Certainly it is one thing Footnotes at end of article. student, of whatever race, uninhibited free- July 24, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 20787 dom to attend the public school of his system began, that year, to integrate. Now, segregation: A Symposium, published by the choice. 53% of its Negro students a.re in integrated Anti-Defamation League, 1958. At first, the Department of HEW and the schools. The remaining 47% of Negro stu­ 8 U.S. News & World Report, May 2, 1966, federal courts approved the freedom-of­ dents, exercising their freedom to choose, pp. 25-7. cholce plans; but, as time went by, they per­ remain in all-Negro schools. 4 "Browbeating La.id to U.S. Enforcers," ceived that parents and students in the HEW ordered Austin to abandon free­ Dallas Morning News, May 21, 1967, p. AB. south were not choosing to please judges dom of choice, and to take steps that would 5 Dallas Morning News, June 28, 1969, p. and bureaucrats in Washington. Negroes force all Negro studeDJts to attend integrated A16. were choosing to attend schools in their own school. In mid-June, 1969, the Austin 6 Time, July 4, 1969, p. 63. neighborhoods, and so were whites. school board, under threat of losing federal 7 Dallas Times Herald, July 2, 1969, p. A24. In March, 1966, President Johnson's De­ aid, adopted a plan that would close three 8 Dallas Morning News, June 23, 1969, edi- partment of HEW laid down guidelines es­ schools in Negro neighborhoods and bus torial; June 28, 1969, p. A16; June 19, 1969, tablishing racial quotas for southern the Negro students to schools in white neigh­ p. A25. schools--requirlng them, on pa.in of losing borhoods. One of the schools to be closed o Dallas Morning News, July 4, 1969, pp. 1, federal aid, to force Negro transfers to white was the newest and best school facility in AlO; July 5, 1969, p. A18; July 9, 1969, p. Dl. schools, whether the Negroes like it or not, the city; the other two were as good as any to achieve such racial balance as specified in white neighborhoods. by HEW.3 This action is specifically prohib­ On June 23, 1969, 300 Austin citizens (from ited by the Civil Rights Act of 1964. affected Negro and white neighborhoods) REDS WILL ATTEMPT TO PROFIT Federal compliance teams, some of them met with the school board and protested. FROM NIXON'S VISIT TO using tactics described by one Congressman They were angry about the inconvenience RUMANIA . as brutal and inhuman,4 roam the south, and turmoil the new plan would cause; forcing school integration to comply with about the closing of expensive facilities and federal guidelines, in defiance of the pref­ the consequent overcrowding of other facili­ erence of students and parents, and in vio­ ties; about the additional expense of busing. HON. EDWARD J. DERWINSKI lation of the law they claim to be enforcing. The Austin school board rescinded the OF ILLINOIS Federal courts have supported the illegal new plan. Now, President Nixon's HEW says IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES activities of HEW agents-with decisions it will stop federal aid to Austin schools, un­ holding that freedom Of choice is not ac­ less the school board can discover some way Thursday, July 24, 1969 ceptable, unless students make the choices to force total integration, against the wishes Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, as that Washington officialdom wants.5 of Autsin students and parents. Many school systems have been compelled Informed observers in Austin predict that President Nixon departs on a major good­ to close schools in Negro neighborhoods and the next court test may be initiated by Negro will mission, it is necessary that the pos­ to bus the Negro students to schools in white parents to retain voluntary segrega.tion.s sible developments from this trip be neighborhoods. The inconvenience to Negro A case of that kind has already been filed in treated in a realistic fashion. This is students; the overcrowding of schools they Nashville, Tennessee, by Jack Kershaw, an especially important in analyzing any re­ are forced to attend; the emotional disturb­ attorney representing 11,087 whites and 2413 sults of the President's visit to Rumania, ance and racial self-consciousness that such Negroes in Maury County. a country ruled by a Russian-imposed treatment creates; the economic waste of Kershaw has filed a Petition to Intervene Communist government. closing public schools to force Negroes to at­ in the case of Florence Ella Hatton, et al., vs. tend schools with whites; the additional cost County Board of Education of Maury County, An extremely knowledgeable observer to all taxpayers of providing busing services; Tennessee, et al., which was originally initi­ of the Rumanian situation is Copley switching emphasis from learning to racial ated on a complaint by civil-rights activists News Service foreign correspondent, integration-none of these con&lderations purporting to represent not only the named Dumitru Danielopol, a former member matters to the federal bureaucrats. plaintiffs but all other Maury County Negro of the Rumanian diplomatic service. ·Nor does it matter to them that, under children (and parents) in voluntarily segre­ Writing in the Aurora-Beacon, Ill., News the pretext of enforcing the Civil Rights gated schools. A federal judge ordered the de­ on July 18, Mr. Danielopol offers frank Act of 1964, they are violating it. They are fendant (County Board of Education) to also violating the Warren Court dictum, pro­ abandon freedom of choice and to adopt a commentary on the present situation in claimed in the Brown case Of 1954, that race plan that wlll bring about "meaningful in­ Rtimania. The article follows: must not be a consideration in the operation tegration" of all schools in the county. [From the Aurora-Beacon (Ill.) News, of public schools. HEW now requires that The 13,500 parents and students (Negro July 18, 1969] race must be the primary consideration in and white) whom attorney Kershaw repre­ REDS WILL ATI'EMPT To PROFIT FROM NIXON'S the operation of public schools. sents claim their rights have been ignored. VISIT TO RUMANIA Early in 1969, the warren Court joined the They want to keep, and have freedom to use, (By Dumitru Danielopol) bureaucrats in violating the Court's own 1954 their neighborhood schools. dictum and the 1964 law. The Court ruled Commenting upon his case, Mr. Kershaw WAsmNGTON.-At a recent press - confer­ that schools in one Alabama county must points out that the forced integration or­ enc~. Romanian Ambassador Cornelius Bog­ adopt a racial quota in hiring and assigning dered in Maury County ls 111egal and uncon­ dan refused to discuss the agenda of the teachers.6 stitutional on several counts, and adds: Bucharest talks between President Nixon and When campaigning for southern votes last Nicolae Ceausescu. "Then besides all this, the facts of life But it's not diflicult to predict Romania's year, Richard Nixon criticized President are such thia:t forced integration would dam­ Johnson's HEW for using federal tax money strategy. The Reds wm try to get the most age both races. out of the visit and give as little as possible. to force illegal guidelines on schools. Presi­ "Since I represent some blacks along with dent Nixon's HEW secretary continues John­ Ceausescu ls likely to tell President Nixon some whites, and since a good Irul.ny blacks that Romania intends to pursue an independ­ son's guideline policies intact, and vows he f,or various reasons have decided they want 7 ent foreign policy. That it would like to will not change them. their own schools or colleges or 'black studies Johnson's HEW fixed September, 1969, as be another Yugoslavia. program' etc., I believe we may be coming To achieve this, he'll say, Romania needs an absolute deadline for all schools to achieve to a time when we can cry 'halt' with some total compliance with HEW's Ulegal raclal­ to become economically independent from chance of success." 1 the Soviet COMECON and the only way this balance requirements, or lose federal aid. On The original sin in all this is federal a.id July 3, 1969, Nixon's HEW and Justice De­ can happen is if it gets help from the West, partment announced that this deadline to education. Clearly mega.I (unconstitu­ especially the United States. tional), it was fobbed off on the public under There will be hints that Bucharest might would be eased to give a few school systems the spurious cry of necessity, and with the (about 10 in all) 9 a little more time. The honoi: Romanian treasury bonds owed to National Education Association led the false promise that it would not bring federal American holders and unredeemed since legions of totalitarian liberals in denouncing control or meddling. World War II. the Nixon administration for yielding to Federal aid has produced harmful, lawless Ceausescu wlll express the hope that the southern pressure and scrapping HEW guide­ government-by-guidelines not only in edu­ United States wlll grant Romania "most lines, which they called the "law of the land." cation, but in other fields critically affecting favored nation" trade status which would Some of Nixon's "conservative" supporters in the welfare and fundamental freedoms of the permit more Romanian goods to be im­ Congress applauded him for keeping his cam­ people. · ported into the U.S. paign pledge to relax harsh guidelines. But FOOTNOTES But Ceausescu will not offer to use his dol­ the clamor from both camps was false propa­ 1 Letter to this Report from Jack Kershaw, lars to purchase American goods. He w111 ganda. Nixon officials specifically said they attorney, 400 Stahlman Bldg., Nashville, Ten­ ask long-term credits with guarantees from "want action by September, 1969," and made nessee 37201, together with copy of Petition­ the Export-Import Bank. it quite clear that Johnson's HEW guide­ ers' Brief prepared by Mr. Kershaw in Romania. being an independent country, lines will not be altered even slightly.0 Florence Ella Hatton, et al. vs. County Board Ceausescu will say, he cannot accept polit­ A typical s1tuwtlon has developed in Austin, of Education of Maury County, Tennessee, ical strings to such assistance. He will argue Texas. Though it was not involved in the et al. that because of its proximity to Russia and Brown decision of 1954, the Austin school 2 The Role of the Social Sciences in De- its basic Communist tenets, Romania can- 20788 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 24, 1969 not, in fact, become completely neutral but group has become the other end of an Another key man in NASA's lunar­ will have to remain a member of the War­ experiment inittaited on the moon by saw Pact. laser ranging experiment is Charles Jen­ No internal liberalization is possible, he Astronauts Neil Armstrong and Col. kins, associate director of management will say, because it would give the Russians Edwin E. Aldrin. for McDonald Observatory. a chance to subvert his regime. He will point The scientists are probing the moon's Mr. Jenkins is a graduate of University to Czechoslovakia. surface with a ruby laser fired through of Texas and a faculty member since What Ceausescu will not tell Mr. Nixon is: McDonald's new 107-inch telesoope. They 1965. (1) How much of the Romanian "inde­ are searching for the reflector left behind Johnnie E. Floyd, project mrunager for pendent" attitude has been adopted with by Armstrong and Aldrin. the University of Texas' part in the the approval and even at the instigation of It is a difficult job thait requires pin­ the Kremlin. Apollo 11 lunar experiment, is also a (Some Kremlinologists distrust Ceau­ point accuracy. The logistics are compli­ graduate of the University of Texas. He sescu's "independence." They say that it cated sinoe we have no definite fix on also served as chief engineer for the suits the Russians that Romania, a country the exact position of Tranquillity Base. installation of the 107-inch telescope. of Latin origin, should play such a role with Hitting the 18-inch by 18-inch reflector The overall project is headed by Dr. a view of convincing some Latin American with a beam of laser light is no e·asy task. Carroll o. Alley of the University of countries that under communism, independ­ Hitting a bull's-eye this small at a range Maryland. Coinvestigators include Dr. ence is possible. · of a quarter of a million miles was de­ Henry Plotkin, of NASA's Goddard Space ( 2) That Romania is in dire economic scribed by one scientist as something like straits. Her economy is near bankruptcy­ Flight Center; Dr. Robert H. Dicke, of despite glowing reports published in Bucha­ hitting a dime with a rifle at a distance Princeton; Dr. Peter Bender, of the Na­ rest and parroted in some Western publica­ of 2 miles. tional Bureau of Standards; Dr. James tions. This reflector, which is officially called Faller, of Wesleyan University; and Dr. (3) That he is head over heels in debt to a laser ranging retro-reflecting prism, Dave Wilkinson, of Princeton. many Western nations including Western weighs 65 earth pounds-the equivalent Although McDonald is administra­ Germany, without any hope of becoming to 11 pounds on the moon-and consists tively a part of the University of Texas, solvent. of a flat, square array of 100 cylindrical it is located some 400 miles from Austin ( 4) That the "most favored nation" clause cavities. Each cavity contains a prism will make very little difference to the Ro­ atop Mount Locke in the Texas Davis manian economy because he has few goods designed to reflect light back to its source. Mountain. acceptable to the sophisticated American Dr. Harlan Smith, chairman of Uni­ I was privileged last fall to attend the market. versity of Texas' Austin Astronomy De­ impressive ceremonies when they dedi­ (5) That Romania is already over-indus­ partment and director of the astronomy cated this outstanding observatory. trialized in relation to its shrinking internal at McDonald, says of the project: Discoveries made at McDonald during market. That she therefore produces mostly Scientists have long appreclra.ted some of its 37-year history include the existence for export and her products can't compete. the remarkable things th.at could be done of interstellar polarization and satellites Some are sold at bargain prices as much as if a laser boom. could range on a specific of Uranus and Neptune. 50 per cent below cost. target on the moon. Ceausescu also will not mention that while More recently, McDonald astronomers Romanian food products are offered for sale In the past, lasers have been fired to have confirmed the first optical sighting abroad the Roma!iiio.n people go for weeks the moon only t·o bounce off the lunar­ of a pulsar-a dying star that is very without eggs, meat, bacon and even onions. scape in all directions. Scientists were small and very dense-and have obtained He won'i remind the President that Roma­ fortunate to get any return beam at all. the first conclusive proof of the existence nian canned goods shipped to Canada for the Now, a specific target is there, and­ of water on Mars. . United States have been turned back by R. American health authorities because they once it is found-our knowledge of the E. Nather and Dr. Brian Warner were judged a hazard to public health. moon will be increased. For example, the at McDonald were asked by two astron­ Shoddy textile products shipped to Austria measurements taken at McDonald, and omers from the University of Arizona to have been refused even by poor peasants in later by other stations around the world, verify the January 15 sighting of a flash­ Austrian mountain villages. About 90 per will help to determine the distance be­ ing star in the Crab Nebula at the same cent of a recent shipment remains unsold. tween the earth and moon to an accuracy position as a previously reported pulsar. Nor will Ceausescu mention that the much within 6 inches. We will also learn the Nather and Dr. Warner had been ballyhooed tourist traffic to Romania is in working for more than a year in antici­ fact a deficit operation. In order to attract extent of lunar librations-the slow hard cash customers from the West he has swinging of the visible portion of the pation of an optical sighting of a pulsar, to offer bargain prices which in some cases moon causing areas at the edges to be so when the request came, they were represent a 50 per cent loss per tourist-. visible at times-the lunar radius, fluc­ ready. Who makes up the deficit? The Romanian tuations in the earth's rotation rate on its Quite obviously, Mr. Speaker, the people naturally. axis, extent of the wobble of the earth's scientists and equipment at McDonald One can go on and on. axis, and the intercontinental drift were ready for the lunar experiment, also. The President must not lose sight of the rate-or how fast the United States is I ask my colleagues to join me in recog­ fact that Romania--one of the richest coun­ nizing this team-they play a vital part tries of Europe before the war-is virtually drifting from the Eurasian land mass. another Cuba. The beam, which will be emitted in the moonshot and I think they repre­ If Ceausescu is trying to emulate Yugo­ through McDonald's telescope, will take sent the host of faceless men who have slavia politically, he must also do so eco­ approximately 2.5 seconds to make the helped in this "small step for man, a nomically. He must give peasants, workers round trip. Since the moon's orbit around giant leap for mankind." and entrepreneurs the incentive to produce the earth is not perfectly circular, these and the necessary purchasing power to buy measurements are scheduled to be taken the producti:;. twice daily for the next 7 years to de­ termine what that distance is at any APOLLO 11 given time. UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS' McDONALD The telescope will be linked with a OBSERVATORY ON VERGE OF computer to help keep instruments on HON. JAMES W. SYMINGTON BREAKTHROUGH IN MOON EX­ earth and the reflector lined up for ap­ OF MISSOURI proximately 30 minutes while the meas­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES PERIMENT urements are being lined up. Obviously, this is one of the key experi­ Thursday, July 24, 1969 HON. °J. J. PICKLE ments undertaken by the moon landing. Mr. SYMINGTON. Mr. Speaker- OF TEXAS I am especially proud that the Univer­ I believe this Nation should commit itself IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES sity of Texas' McDonald Observatory has to achieving the goal, before this decade is the equipment and the trained men equal out, of landing a man on the moon and re­ Thursday, July 24, 1969 to the task. turning him safely to earth. Mr. PICKLE. Mr. Speaker, a.it this very Dr. Harlan Smith has been with the So spoke President John F. Kennedy moment a team of scientists at the Uni­ University of Texas since 1963. He left on May 25, 1961. The historic Apollo 11 versity of Texas' McDonald Observatory Yale University at that time to become lunar landing has accomplished this goal. are on the threshold of success in a criti­ astronomy department chairman and The technological challenge of the sixties cal moon experimenJt. This dedicated professor of astronomy. has been met in more than full measure. July 24, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 20789 This landing on the moon climaxes a in the earth's orbit, and controlled re­ S-IC, were produced by UMC Industries; decade during which St. Louis Countians entry and landing in a target area. and Davies Supply & Manufacturing have played a major role in America's The Gemini performance was so flaw­ Co. aided in the development of pro­ manned space flight program. Firms and less that NASA's Flight Director, Chris­ tective treatments for the Saturn V. universities in Metropolitan St. Louis topher C. Kraft, said, "McDonnell's engi­ Much computer work for the orbiting have taken a hand in the space program neers always seemed to be on top of the geophysical laborator,ies was done by from the beginning. The culmination of problem." · Missouri Research Labs, and Monsanto their research, engineering, and produc­ McDonnell Douglas men have also researchers have conducted optical tion skills was witnessed in the Apollo 11 made additional and substantial con­ studies of lubricants in aeronautical ve­ launch and landing. tributions to the current Project Apollo. hicles. Of course, the achievement was na­ Engineers of the firm designed and pro­ There are a number of other firms in tional in perspective, continental in mag­ duced the powerful S-IVB rocket, which the St. Louis area whose technicians, en­ nitude, involving the best efforts of in­ served as the top stage of both the Sat­ gineers, and researchers have helped ad­ dustry and labor across the face of the urn IB and Saturn V launch vehicles. In vance our space effort. Some of these land. Undoubtedly every contribution the Saturn I series the S-IV unit was include Seyer-Buckner Tool Co. in will be properly recorded. But it is on used as the second stage in five space Berkeley; Custom Printing Co. in Fer­ behalf of the significant input of the St. missions. Three of these flights placed guson; General Electric Co., Rauch Tool Louis area that I as Representative of giant Pegasus satellites into orbit. As & Manufacturing Co., and Robert Shaw Missouri's Second District wish to speak the third stage of the Saturn V, the S­ Controls in Hazelwood; Missouri Metal today. IVB rocket provided the final thrust to Shape Co. in Overland; Conductron McDonnell-Douglas, Emerson Electric, insert the Apollo 11 spacecraft and the Corp. and Lectronix in St. Charles; and Sverdrup-Parcel and Associates, Wash­ crew into earth orbit. This rocket then Advance Tool & Die Co., Akurate Tool & ington University, St. Louis University, restarted and sped the spacecraft from Die Co., Bendix Corp., Carondelet Found­ UMC Industries, Baganoff Associates, its parking orbit toward the moon's sur­ ry, Clevite Corp., Cobak Tool & Manu­ Davies Supply & Manufacturing Co., face. But for these dedicated efforts by facturing Co., Comet Tool & Die Co., Con­ Missouri Research Labs, Monsanto Re­ McDonnell Douglas, man might not have sultants & Design Co., County Business search, and some 70 other firms in the reached the moon as soon or as safely Service, Eastern Stainless Steel, Essex St. Louis area have made vital con­ ashe did. Cryogenics of Missouri, Inc., Feth Karl tributions to this national effort. Serv­ Other St. Louis firms and universities Co., Ford Bill Kellas Co., Genisco Tech­ ing as a member of the Science and have also made substantial contributions nology, Gulton Industries, Harris Manu­ Astronautics Committee of the House, I to the space program. The researchers facturing Co., Honeywell, Inc., Interco, am well aware of the massive, combined of Emerson Electric Co. have produced International Business Machine, Lam­ efforts the Apollo flight required. St. microwave antenna components and bert Tool Specialists, Maffitt Tool & Ma­ Louis has been a leader in these efforts. provided products for nearly every one chine, Institute of Electrical Engineering, For their past, present, and future work of our manned ·and unmanned space Mallinckrodt Institute, Marlo Coil Co., on the space program, the people of St. endeavors. Among this company's earlier Mateo Machine & Tool, McGraw-Edison Louis and St. Louis County deserve the contributions were multiplexers for Proj­ Co., University of Missouri, Morgan Co., highest praise. ect Mercury, which made possible simul­ Nooter Corp., Nu-Lite Electric Whole­ McDonnell-Douglas Corp. has in many taneous transmission of two or more sale, Pandjiris Weldment, Pollak & Skan, ways been responsible for the suc­ signals over a single circuit, and C-band St. Louis Fire Door, Sorenson Co., Sperry cesses of NASA's Mercury, Gemini, and and S-band antennas for Project Gemini. Rand Corp., Stentor Tool & Manufactur­ Apollo projects. The keen foresight and Their experts also produced life support ing Co., TSI Thermal Systems, G. L. fine judgment of James Smith McDon­ systems for the suited astronauts, and Tarlton Construction, Tech Manufactur­ nell first brought his St. Louis company tested radar devices for NASA. For the ing Co., Thermal Systems, Inc., Torn­ into the space field. He put 40 engineers Apollo program the firm designed and quist Machinery, Towell Printing Co., to work on space capsules before our developed S-band antenna feed systems UMC Industries, USAF Aerochart Infor­ Government even embarked on the race for parabolic reflectors. These were used mation, U.S. Army Materiel Command, to the moon. In 1959 this company won to track the Apollo during earth orbit and United States Steel Corp., Universal the competition as prime contractor for reentry, and to track the spacecraft to Corp., Universal Marion Corp., Watlow design, development, and construction of and from the moon. Emerson telemetry Electric Manufacturing Co., Western the Mercury spacecraft. His engineers equipment as well was carried aboard the Supplies Co., Westinghouse Electric, and and production technicians built the Saturn V vehicle. C. J. Zone Manufacturing Co. in St. Louis craft, as well as two procedural trainers, Washington University has provided proper. an environmental trainer, seven check­ essential information in areas of cosmic The researchers, engineers, manage­ out trainers, and much of the prelaunch ray physics, economics, aircraft struc­ ment personnel, unions, and production operations equipment at Cape Kennedy. tures, and in general science and engi­ technicians of these firms and univer­ In Project Mercury, six manned flights neering. A group of distinguished pro­ sities in St. Louis have contributed their were completed, and much-needed fessors at Washington University de­ thoughts and abilities to the Apollo pro­ knowledge on spacecraft control, space veloped unique cosmic ray detectors for gram. The results of their labors have vision, and human factors was gained. project Apollo. These techniques will be impressed all of the ,world. After the success of Friendship 7, Astro­ used in measuring and analyzing the Last January, Astronaut Frank Bor­ naut John Glenn, America's first man effects of cosmic radiation on the soil man addressed a joint session of Con­ in orbit, sent the McDonnell team his re­ samples brought back from the moon. gress and described himself and his col­ gards as a "very satisfied customer." St. Louis University researchers have leagues as envoys of mankind who "stood McDonnell engineers and technicians done work on the physiological effects of on the shoulders of giants." The energies literally made Project Gemini, the sec­ weightlessness and space radiation, as and efforts of the people of Metropolitan ond major phase of our space program. well as computer analysis for aeronauti­ St. Louis are worthy inheritors of the They produced the two-man spacecraft, cal vehicles. giant spirits and intellects of the past and provided other necessary services and Sverdrup, Parcel & Associates is an­ which through the ages have propelled equipment. They constructed two mis­ other St. Louis firm which has played man's thoughts, and now man himself, sion simulator trainers, a docking simu­ a major role in the Apollo lunar mission. to the moon. The pinnacle of achieve­ lator trainer, five boilerplate spacecraft, This firm designed the test stand at NASA's Mississippi test facility, in which ment represented by this lunar landing and three craft for ground tests in vibra­ removes from the realm of fantasy the tion and impact. Under Project Gemini, the booster rocket was tested before it 10 flights, each with two-man crews, were propelled astronauts Armstrong, Aldrin, exploration of the entire universe. completed. This amounted to nearly one and Collins toward the moon. The experts Today I am proud to pay tribute to thousand hours of space flight time. of Baganoff, Inc., in Jennings contributed those men and women of the Greater St. Among the accomplishments of Project to the acoustic and aerodynamic design Louis area who have contributed so Gemini were orbital flights of up to 14 of the Saturn V vehicle. Spools, harness­ much, and so well, to our space efforts­ days, rendezvous and docking operations es, and ducts for the first stage, Saturn and who have helped immeasurably to 20790 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 24, 1969 fulfill the vision of the late President GARBAGE PROTECTION BY things, picked through a bag of garbage John F. Kennedy: FOURTH AMENDMENT hauled from his apartment. It wm not be one man going to the moon­ Naval Investigator Robert V. Howard Jr. if we make this judgment affirmatively; lt told a hearing otlicer yesterday the Depart­ ment of Sanitation co-operated with the will be the entire nation. For all of us mus't HON. JOHN R. RARICK work to put h1m there. agents in preparing charges against Roy L. OF LOUISIANA Priest, 25, publisher of an anti-war IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES newsletter. Mr. Priest ls also charged with soliciting Thursday, July 24, 1969 servicemen to desertion in the newsletter, AN ABM RESOLUTION Mr. RARICK. Mr. Speaker, under the but the sedition charge, which carries a pos­ impetus of the unbelievable distortions sible 10-year sentence, is the most serious. of our Constitution by the Warren Su­ Lawyer David Rein said the defense would HON. LESTER L. WOLFF preme Court and the outlandish de­ be "everything he said in his articles is pro­ OF NEW YORK tected by the First Amendment." cisions of the local Court of Appeals for The hearing, which continued today, ls a IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the District of Columbia Circuit, crimi­ preliminary to a decision by naval otlicers Thursday, July 24, 1969 nals are carefully protected from law­ as to whether there is sutlicient evidence to abiding citizens. To arrest a criminal is warrant court martial. Mr. WOLFF. Mr. Speaker, until a fi­ difficult, to convict the guilty well nigh nal decision has been reached not to impossible, and to have such a conviction [From the Washington (D.C.) Evening Star, deploy the proposed anti-ballistic-mis­ sustained on appeal borders on the July 23, 1969) sile system, I feel that it is my duty and miraculous. SAn.OR'S LAWYER BLASTS NAVY'S PROBE the duty of every concerned person not Americans who believe in the main­ METHODS to let the matter rest, but instead to keep tenance of law and order simply cannot (By David Holmberg) the issue in the forefront of congres­ understand the philosophy of these wild A hearing in the case of an apprentice sional concern and in the public view. theories of coddling of the guilty, and seaman accused of publishing an anti-war As I have repeatedly stated, if this continually raise the fair question-How newsletter ended today with a slashing at­ system offered the potential of enhanc­ did this judicial disorientation come tack on the Navy's investigation of the case ing our national security, I would not by the sailor's lawyer. about? Washington attorney David Rein, in a 25· oppose it. But the truth of the matter Part of the answer, difficult as it is to minute summation in the pretrial hearing is that it fails to offer this potential. accept, is spelled out in a news story in in the case of Seaman Roger Priest, said the Instead, it stands as a threat to realistic yesterday's local papers, which I insert Navy's methods of investigation have "done national priorities. In light of this, I am at this point: much more to bring discredit on the armed firmly convinced that acceptance of the forces than anything Roger Priest has done." [From the Washington (D.C.) Daily News, Rein referred to testimony at yesterday's President's proposal would not be in our July 23, 1969) national interest. hearing that the Navy had assigned 25 agents Recently I received a resolution from PROBE ORDERED OF TRASH-SPYING--"SPECIAL to the case, had searched the trash of Priest's PICK-UPS" HELP INVESTIGATORS a1partment house in search of evidence, and the Diocesan Council of the Episcopal Mayor Walter E. Washington today ordered had used various ruses to gain evidence Diocese of Long Island which reconfirms an immediate investigation into the Sanitary against the 25-year-old seaman. my views. Since this group has presented Engineering Department's practice of helping TRASH SEARCHED a well-written and concise statement, I police investigaitors by making a "special Referring to the fact that the trash of would like to extend my remarks to in­ pick-ups" of a suspect's trash. three other residents of Priest's apartment clude it in the RECORD: The mayor ordered a "full review" of the house had been searched during the investi­ sanitation department's practice after a re­ RESOLUTION ON NATIONAL PRIORITY AND THE gation, Rein said, "I wonder if they {the porter questioned its co-operation with Navy ANTI-BALLISTIC-MISSll.E SYSTEM Navy) are tending to their business, or to investigators in preparing a case against Sea­ civilians." The Urban Commission of the Department man Roger Priest, charged with sedition and of Missions, at a meeting on May 22, 1969, Rein also noted that at an anti-war con­ desertion in connection with an anti-war ference attended by Priest six of 15 persons adopted a Resolution on N81tional Priority newsletter he publishes. and the Anti-Ballistic Missile System, in­ in one workshop were Naval intelligence A letter investigators said they found agents. troduced by the Rev. Louis Ferrara, and re­ in trash gathered at Mr. Priest's apartment quested the Department of Missions to sub­ In his summation, Rein also gave a de­ house, was introduced as evidence against tailed critique of the nine charges filed mit the same to the Diocesan OouncU for him in a preliminary hea.rtng yesterday; consideration. The Resolution is as follows: against Priest for publication of the news­ Norman E. Jackson, head of the Sanitary letter which he ·called "OM." Whereas, the issue of naJtional priorities 1s Engineering Department, said he did not a matter of grave consequence, not only for He said that a charge of sollci ting to desert know the department was making "special could not be proven because there is not the future of world society but also for the pick-ups" for police. He said he did not be­ futUl'e of the American city; a shred of evidence here that the charge lieve the department had any formal policy does not refer to the "abstract statements Whereas, the 1968 resolution of this Dio .. about doing this, and ordered William F. cese concerning the report of the National and philosophical ideas" contained in the Roeder, head of the sanitation division to newsletter. Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders investigate. urged that Federal, State and local revenue RELATIONSHIP CITED When asked if the form.er commissioners Referring to a charge of disrespect toward systems be brought up to date in order to had made any policy statements on special provide the resources to pay for the massive a superior officer, which he said appeared to pickups, Mr. Roeder said Walter Tobriner, be based on remarks in Priest's newsletter and vita.I needs of large segments of our "ordered us not to." people; about Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Mr. Roeder estimated the department Gen. Earl B. Wheeler, Rein said there was Whereas, the American economy, because makes half-a-dozen to a dozen pickups a of inflationary pressures, must carefully "no proof that Wheeler is the superior of­ year for police. He said a regular truck is used ficer of Roger Priest," and that there was not weigh its fiscal priorities and expenditures; "but we keep the trash in a burlap bag. We Whereas, the deployment of a thin anti­ the kind of otlicer-enlisted man relationship can't send a separate truck beoouse the peo­ between the two men implied in the statute. ballistic missile system at an initial estimated ple would get suspicious. cost of five billion dollars has raised serious Another charge by the Navy-that Priest questions among groups in our society-for "If the police ask us to do this we co­ did not make clear that the newsletter was example, within the United States Senate, operate with them," he said. "If something an expression of his private opinion-was like this is publicized, people get into the act and among a large peroentage of scientists; rebutted by Rein, who said the public could Whereas, the progress in implementing the and say it interferes with their right.s. But not possibly confuse the views expressed in recommendations of the Kerner Report has we say it's in the interests of law and order." this paper with those of the U.S. Navy. been disappointing; Mr. Roeder said, "Some years back we used A decision on whether to continue the case Therefore be it resolved, that the Diocesan to do it quite frequently for the FBI but we against Priest with a court-martial Will be Council urge the United States Senate not to had some difficulty. Some organization with decided in about 15 days, Navy sources said. approve the administration's recommenda­ communistic tendencies made a big issue If he is court-martialed and convicted, tion for the deployment of a thin anti-ballis­ abowt it a few years ago." Priest could receive sentences ranging from tic missile system. a dishonorable discharge to 10 years in Further be it resolved, that we reiterate EVIDENCE IN SEDITION CASE CAME FROM prison. our "commitment to D.a1tional action on an 'I'RASH-25 AGENTS INVESTIGATED CASE-­ The two-day hearing, which was held at unprecedented scale" which will alleviaite the AND CANS the Washington Naval Station, ls comparable to a grand jury proceeding in civilian law. conditions of poverty, deprivation and dis­ Evidence used to bring sedition oha.rges advantage among large segments of our against a D.C.-based seaman was gathered by Mr. Speaker, one of these stories people. some 25 investigators who, among other quotes a municipal official as saying that July 24, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 20791 the cooperation of the sanitation depart­ in testimony before this committee on De­ McClatchy newspapers, of Sacramento ment with law enforcement agencies­ cember 13, 1955, and December 14, 1955, re­ Calif., recently shared with his reader; in segregating trash discarded by sus­ specitively. Professor Fuchs testified that Rein was a the story of Vicki Cole, of Deshler, Ohio-­ pects, mind you-brought about diffi­ member of a Communist cell of lawyers op­ the story that could well be titled "What culty because some organization with erating within the National Labor Relations Happened to Vicki Cole's Dream?" "communistic tendencies" made a big .Board where both men were employed as law­ This 13-year-old miss, obviously with thing of it a few years ago. yers in the late 30's and early 40's. hope in her young heart that the Repub­ Lest we question the truth of that Mortimer Riemer testified th·at he too lican presidential candidate would offer statement, I call to the attention of our knew David Re:l.n in the cell of lawyers at the to America a "togetherness" which so colleagues the fantastic nature of the National Labor Relations Board a.nd further many people felt was sorely missing from situation reported in these news stories. testified that Rein in 1943 had tried to reen­ list him in the Communist Party after the American scene, waved a sign saying Again a "big issue" is made of the care­ Reimer had decided that communism was "Bring Us Together," during a campaign ful manner in which an investigation of not for him. stop in Deshler. It caught candidate an alleged serious felony is conducted. David Rein appeared as a witness before Nixon's eye and it became his campaign Incriminating evidence which was actu­ this committee on February 21, 1956. When motto. Upon election, it became the ally thrown away and discarded in his he wia.s questioned by the committee con­ trademark and objective of his admin­ trash by a suspect was painstakingly re­ cerning his Communist Party membership istration. covered. And his attorney loudly com­ he refused to answer, basing his refusal on Mr. Rennert, in his commentary, tells plains. And the "mayor" of Washing­ his constitutional privileges, including the fifth amendment. Vicki that her sign is no more and that ton orders an immediate investigation. After finishing law school in 1935, Mr. Rein her dream has been shattered. The complaining attorney is one David held a series of jobs with the New York City lt would behoove us all, Mr. Speaker, Rein. This is not a new name in Wash­ Charter Commission, the Puerto Rico Recon­ no matter what side of the aisle we oc­ ington, or to those versed in the identity struction Administration, and a Committee cupy, to understand one writer's reasons and tactics of subversives. For the infor­ To Revise the Constitution of New York why young Vicki's sign so quickly be­ mation of our colleagues, I insert the re­ State. In 1938 David Rein started to work for the National Labor Relations Board in came an idle dream. ports on David Rein published by a com­ The commentary follows: mittee of this House 19 years ago, and Washington, D.C., as an attorney. In 1942 he again 10 years ago, identifying him as a transferred to the legal diviSil.on of the Office YoUR SIGN Is No MORE of Price Administration. In 1945, after service (By Leo Rennert) known Communist, following my re­ in the Marine Corps, he returned to work at marks: the National Labor Relations Board. In 1946 WASHINGTON.-No, Vicki, your sign is no he went into private law practice. more. EXCERPTS FROM REPORT ON THE NATIONAL For a while, it lifted the spirits of many LAWYERS GUILD-LEGAL BULWARK OF THE David Rein was retained by the American Committee for protection of Foreign Born to people, including presidential candidate COMMUNIST PARTY, SEPTEMBER 17, 1950 Richard M. Nixon as he stumped through (Prepared and released by the Committee on defend various aliens facing deportation be­ cause of their Communist activities. In 1956, Ohio. Un-American Activities, U.S. House of Rep­ The story, with its simple eloquence, flashed resentatives, Washington, D.C.) prior to a Supreme Court hearing on one of these deporation cases, the ACPFB gave a across the continent. How 13-year-old Vicki The com.mittee is reproducing below a list testimonial dinner in honor of David Rein Cole of Deshler, Ohio, waved the sign, "Bring of Nrational Lawyers Guild meillbers who have and his law partner. Alec Jones, campaign Us Together," and caught Nixon's eye. represented witnesses before the Committee and education.al director of the ACPFB, gave The GOP standardbearer found a motto on Un-American Activities. In each case, the the testimonial speech in which he praised for his drive to the White House. When he witnesses have refused to answer questions both aittorneys and noted tha.t "without their was elected, it was your sign which became regarding Communist affiliations propounded knowledge, guidance, and de·votion our cause the trademark of the new administration­ by the committee. In a number of cases es­ may well have been set back. * * * There ls the grand objective for the Nixon years. pionage activities were involved. It should be no way to truly assess the role they have You attended the inauguration as the noted in this connection that it is standard pl:ayed in our work. • • • If it were not for President's guest and heard his solemn Communist practice to accept as attorneys [them] • • •, we would be lost down the·re pledge to bind up old wounds. only those who agree to abide by the party's [in Was-hington] ." But your sign is no more . . . propaganda and conspirative directives. Cases Rein has been a member of the National There were many who believed at the out­ are known where attorneys who have volun­ Lawyers Guild since 1938. In 1940 he was a set that "Bring Us Together" might not be an teered their services have been summarily candidate for delegate to the national con­ idle dream. The President inherited a badly rejected because they would not become part­ vention of the guild. He was eleoted secre­ divided nation-with a growing gulf between ners the party's ulterior purposes. to tary of the Washington, D.C., chapter in 1946 white and black, young and old, rich and Attorneys, witnesses, and dates of appear­ and in 1949 was elected the guild's na­ poor. But the opportunity for reconciliation, ance: to tional executive board. He was still a member for a new beginning, was there. David Rein, 1105 K St., NW., Washington, of the board in 1957. YEARNING D.C.: other Communist fronts in which David Frank Has'l:111nalL ______July 14, 1950. Rein has been active are the Washington Like you, the nation was yearnfng for Charlotte Oram ______June 28, 1949. Book Shop, the Washington Committee for leadership which would restore a sense of common purpose and unity. There were even Nathan Gregory Silvermas- Democratic Action, and the American League some strong hints that the new occupant at ter ------Aug. 4, 1948. for Peace and Democracy. He was a sponsor William Ludwig Ullman __ Aug. 10, 1948. of the National Non.partisan Committee to the White House was sensitive to this feeling. Defend the Rights of the Twelve Communist Remember how he publicly con.fessed that The committee does not dispute the right his standing among 22 million Negroes was of witnesses appearing before it to have the Leaders. In opposition to anti-Communist legisla­ less than satisfactory but that he was deter­ benefit of counsel. However, the committee mined to prove by solid deeds that he de­ believes that the attorneys mentioned above tion, Mr. Rein has been quite vocal. He was one of those who signed a statement against served their respect? knowingly or unknowingly function under a He was going to leact an "open" adminis­ directive issued by the Central Control Com­ the Mundt anti-Communist bill in 1948. In a speech before the AmeTician Committee for tration, which would listen with sympathy mission of the Communist Pa.rty which pro­ to the disaffected and the disappointed and hibits its members from cooperating with Protection of Foreign Born he condemned "the notorious 'Smith Act' as a repressive then shape its policies on a broad-gauged the committee when subpenaed before it. plane without rancor or politics-as-usual. Cases are known where persons subpenaed measure against foreign born • • • which before the committee indicated a willingness was passed by Congress • • • without any All that is part of the distant--and almost to cooperate with the committee, but when consideration of really what Lt meant or wha.t forgotten-past. these persons consulted certain of the attor­ it implied." And your sign is no more . . . neys listed apove they refused to answer Negro leaders went to The White House ques·tions put to them by the committee. and heard soothing words. One of those pres­ YOUR SIGN IS NO MORE ent got so carried away he later said Nixon COMMUNIST LEGAL SUBVERSION-THE ROLE OF would do more for the Negro than any or THE COMMUNIST LAWYER all of his predecessors. James Farmer, an HON. JAMES C. CORMAN erstwhile CORE militant, even got named to (Report of the Committee on Un-American an assistant secretary post in the Depart­ Activities, House o'.f Representatives, 86th OF CALIFORNIA ment of Health, Education and Welfare. Congress, first session, February 16, 1959) IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES But these, it turned out, were all pleasant DAVID REIN, WASHINGTON, D.C. Thursday, July 24, 1969 preliminaries. Preseason exhibition games, David Rein was identified as a member of as they say in baseball. When the real ball the Communist Party by Herbert Fuchs and Mr. CORMAN. Mr. Speaker, Leo Ren­ game began, the strategy and the lineup Mortimer Riemer, both former Communists, nert, Washington staff writer for the were suddenly quite different. 20792 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 24, 1969 ADJUSXMENT America's astronauts were thoroughly jettisoned with unwanted equipment, There were "adjustments" in the way the schooled for this important assignment- brushed out, vacuumed up, captured in government would handle contracts with Bring home from the moon some substance chemical containers or eliminated in some firms which refuse to guarantee equal em­ that may unlock mysteries bailing to man­ other way. ployment opportunities. Over at the Justice kind through aeons: How was the earth As the flight plan spelled it out: When Department, officials could not decide born? When and how will it die? Apollo's hatch was opened as it bobbed on whether to support extension of the 1965 Other _scientific assignments went into · the ocean waves, a frogman wearing a pro­ Voting Rights Act and then did their best spaoe with Apollo 11. Completing them was tective suit was to toss the astronauts three to torpedo it. And despite some objections the real goal of a mission that could keep similar garments for them to don before from HEW Secretary Robert Finch, school the earth's scientists occupied for years. they emerged. As further protection, when desegregation guidelines were reinterpreted If all went well, from the launching to the astronauts tumbled into a waiting life to please Southern segregationists. splashdown in the Pacific-scheduled for raft, they and the frogmen were to take turns As a 13-year-old, Vicki, you were old July 24-the stage would be set for nine ad­ scrubbing one another with a surgical dis­ enough to remember Birmingham, Selma ditional American moon landings in the next infectant while awaiting pickup by a heli­ and Montgomery-and the white and black three years. copter. civil rights workers who gave their lives so Further information will be sought in Once aboard the aircraft carrier Hornet, that an aroused Congress finally would pass those later, more complex expeditions, for instructions were for the moon explorers to long-overdue civil rights legislation. But now many scientists believe that lmbedded some­ be hustled into a Mobile Quarantine Facility a "law and order" president has cast a where on the moon-relatively unscoured the size of a moving van. From there-re­ shadow over these statutes and moderate Ne­ by winds and rain that eroded away secrets maining in the van-the crew was to get a groes-let alone radicals-also are begin­ on earth-is evidence of how life began. sea voyage to Hawaii, an air trip by giant ning to ask whether it serves any purpose to The head of the Apollo program, Dr. George cargo plane to Texas, and a short ride by seek progress within the system. E. Mueller, says there is a "reasonable" truck to the Lunar Receiving Laboratory. So your sign is no more. . . . chance of finding some evidence of life-past Here-in 8-million-dollar quarters that The poor tasted a brief period of hope or present--on the moon. He told "U.S. News were planned years in advance-the three when White House House adviser Daniel & World Report" that the life could include lunar travelers were scheduled to be carefully Moynihan and Finch began talking about tiny plant spores and protozoa.-perhaps just observed for three weeks. revolutionary new approaches to welfare to under the surface of the moon. This quarantine period was chosen because guarantee income security and a basic level Dr. Mueller, differing from the views of it exceeds the time it takes for any epidemic­ of decency for all .Americans. But their in­ many experts, predicts that the discovery of type disease to develop on earth. "It is the fluence is declining every day. A new coali­ life may be among the chief surprises that only thing we have as a guide," space officials tion of older conservatives and young, hard­ .American astronauts will find in their lunar explain . ened public relations professionals now con­ exploration. Meantime, a crew was in training for the trols the White House. And they are far more The key experiment called for the collec­ flight of Apollo 12, scheduled for early concerned with the unblack, the unyoung tion of lunar soil. The instructions to the autumn. If all went the way the planners and t he unpoor. astronauts: Gather up 50 to 130 pounds from laid it down, the opening of a "new world" VIETNAM the surface, to be brought back in two sealed, would be well under way. airtight containers. About half was wanted In the meantime, the Vietnam war-that in the form of 50 pounds of bulk samples most troublesome of divisive issues-contin­ dug at one spot. Also required were 14 docu­ ues without too much light at the end of mented samples collected from a circle 100 that interminable tunnel. The President's feet away from the ship. Other material was OBSCENE MAil.. assurance he had a plan to end the war has wanted from at least a few inches to a foot become a bitter joke. So far, he has been below the surface. more in tend on practicing togetherness with Gen. Thieu than with Sen. Fulbright. ANALYSIS ON EARTH HON. JOHN N. HAPPY CAMP The young, observing all this, are con­ The plan was for the material-once re­ OF OKLAHOMA firmed in their cynicism. turned to the Lunar Receiving Laboratory IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES And your sign is no more. . . . here at Houston-to be fully examined to Thursday, July 24, 1969 It ls not a case of the President pursuing make sure it could not unleash some strange deliberately a divisive course. Rather, he has plague that would devastate life on earth. Mr. CAMP. Mr. Speaker, I have never turned timid, hesitant, vacmating in the face Tests, ready at Houston, were as rigorous as seen the fiood of obscene mail as exten­ of great challenges. And that type of chief plague specialists could devise. Under the sive as it is today. My office has been be­ executive just cannot inspire the kind of plan: Germ-free mice to be exposed to the national moral drive and sense of great com­ moon substance for three weeks. Fertilized sieged with complaints from parents and mon purpose necessary to "Bring Us To­ eggs to be injected with it. Thirty-three kinds businessmen who receive a steady deluge gether." of plants to be exposed to it. Creatures in­ of offensive, perversive, and disgusting So what finally happened to your sign? cluding fish, birds, oysters, shrimp, cock­ mail. According to one unconfirmed report, Sen. roaches, houseflies and protozoa to be placed My constituents are angry. They want Everett McKinley Dirksen grabbed it away with the moon material for prolonged periods. to know why Congress has not been doing from the President, used it to bang Secretary Only after all these tests indicated that the anything about the forces which are Finch on the head, then tossed it into the moon's soil was harIIlless could the material Potomac, which-as you may have heard­ be declared safe for study outside of a sealed eroding the basic, fundamental morality is d•angerously polluted. atmosphere. · of our young people. They cannot under­ In laboratories from one end of t.he earth stand why the U.S. mails should be freely to the other, excitement among scientists available to those who want to corrupt was at a peak over the prospect of having the morals of our young or satisfy the pieces of the moon for detailed analysis. lewd desires of the perverted. REAL GOALS OF THE U.S. MISSION Some scientists were skeptical that moon TO THE MOON material from this or any mission would At this point, the only thing I can provide any new information at all. Many tell my constituents to do is complete a others hoped that lunar soil will act as a small, simple form wt their local post HON. OLIN E. TEAGUE sort of Rosetta stone to unlock fundamental office stating they do not want to receive OF TEXAS secrets of the universe. such mail. Then what happens? They IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES In all, the space agency arranged for 142 still receive the mail. They write to me investigators and 400 coinvestigators to study Thursday, July 24, 1969 and ask me to have the Post Office De­ moon samples. The original material was to partment investigate. I contact the Post Mr. TEAGUE of Texas. Mr. Speaker, be sliced up, photographed, X-rayed and studied under microscopes by specialists from Office and learn that they have been in­ the July 28 issue of U.S. News and World all over the world. Twenty institutions in vestigating a certain firm for years; the Report contains a brief but excellent nine countries were directly involved. offender has possibly had a grand jury summary of the goals of the Apollo 11 For the astronauts-Neil A. Armstrong, indictment returned against him, has manned lunar landing. Because of the Edwin E. Aldrin, Jr., and Michael Collins­ appealed the ruling, and awaits further significance of this succinct but accurate there was this plan: upon return to earth, action by the U.S. attorney for that par­ statement I am including it in the to be quarantined for 21 days, treated as if ticular geographical jurisdiction. I am RECORD. they were potential carriers of plague from an alien planet. Although scientists generally then advised that the U.S. attorney must The summary follows: agreed that the chance of moon contamina­ make a decision as to prosecution under REAL GOALS OF THE U.S. MISSION TO THE tion is infinitesimal they nevertheless the postal obscenity statute, while he MOON favored treating the hazard with utmost care. keeps in mind recent controlling deci­ SPACE CENTER, HOUSTON.-Long before In the flight plan, at every step back from sions of the Supreme Court of the United their blast-off to the moon on July 16, the moon, any lunar dust was to be either States. July 24, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 20793 The end result of all this is that my Education, which has jurisdiction over the state) received its full measure of 11-' legislation aflecting the improvement of brary service. constituent still receives the offender's Now, comfortable and cool in her bunga­ obscene mail in his mail box. The Post local libraries, I would like to bring to low off Acadian Thruway, Miss Culver awaits Office has spent a great deal of money the attention of the House the outstand­ another series of hot July days. Amid a investigating the offender, and the of­ ing contributions which have been made hodge-podge of personal memorabilia from f ender go-es virtually free because of in this field by Miss Essae Martha Culver. family, friends and fans, she spends part of the Supreme Court decisions on ob­ Miss Culver's name is synonymous with each day sorting, filing and discarding let­ scenity. libraries in her own State of Louisiana, ters and papers accumulated during a life­ time of "living libraries." The Supreme Court, as we all know, where she served as first State librarian Along with photographs of the family, art has held the position that nothing is ob­ and was responsible for establishing a pieces, souvenirs acquired in travels from scene--no printed work, no film, no nationally recognized library chain Alaska to Mexico, is a striking antique, a magazine, no matter how obviously through every one of the 64 parishes in writing stand given to her by Lyle Saxon, filthy, can be outside the limits of free­ Louisiana. who headed the WPA Writers Project in this dom of expression and the protection Miss Culver, the great-aunt of our dis­ state at one point administered by the state of the first amendment. tinguished colleague from Iowa, Con­ library. The set had belonged to Mr. Saxon's Obviously, the questions to be an­ gressman JOHN CULVER, has not limited grandfather, a Mr. Chambers, who long ago swered are: "Who is to determine what her talents and expertise to Louisiana, had a bookstore on Third Street. is obscene?" and "How does Congress get but has served also as president of the SETTLED HERE around Supreme Court decisions on American Library Association and the "I am perfectly content here," remarked pornographic cases?" International Library Organization. She Miss Culver, "although I originally intended to return to California ... but why go any­ I have today introduced legislation has helped develop new concepts and where now." that I feel answers both questions. programs, such as the mobile library "I want you to know," she stated, raising My bill is designed to permit the re­ system, which are being utilized today her voice a bit, "how consistently wonderful ceiver of such mail to determine whether throughout the United States. the response of Louisiana people was to the or not he wants such mail. If he does Mr. Speaker, the Baton Rouge State­ establishment of libraries." not, all he needs to do is sign his name Times recently carried a feature story "Sometimes I would grow discouraged," and the names of his family to a list about Essae Culver, and include it at this she noted, "because I didn't know anybody, not one person in Baton Rouge when I came." at his post office, which is then for­ point in the RECORD-as a tribute not This she remarked as she lapsed into a warded to Washington and included on only to Miss Essae, but to the thousands recitation of the state's leading citizens who a master list. All sexually oriented mail­ of other dedicated men and women like shared her burden and enthusiasm for the ers will be required to purchase a copy her who have helped, through libraries, library project. Among many, many others of the master list and remove all names broaden the horizons of citizens in every she mentioned the help of the late Dr. Mary listed from his mailing list. If the mailer part of the country. These are the self­ Mims and the late Mr. J. 0. Modisette of does not immediately do so, and if the less public servants who we in Congress Jennings, both of whom served as library person still receives such mail, the mail­ support when we enact and appropriate board members. er is subject to immediate court injunc­ funds for programs like the Library RURAL ENCOURAGEMENT tion and prosecution, with a fine of Services and Construction Act. "Even with their help I would grow dis­ $5,000 or imprisonment for 5 years, or The story follows: couraged," she admitted, adding, "but I both, for the first offense, and a fine of needed only to visit Richland Parish, site of [From the Baton Rouge State-Times (La.), the first rural library, and the enthusiasm $10,000 or imprisonment for 10 years, June 27, 1969] of the people over their library would renew or both, for each offense thereafter. ESSAE MARTHA CULVER'S NAME SUGGESTS and encourage me." Freedom of speech, the basis of the LIBRARIES; A ' GENTLE LADY REMEMBERS Today the breadth of the library service Supreme Court decisions which have (By Cynthia Woody) extends from the state library building to re­ brought about such chaos, is not freedom When you think of sky, you think of the mote fishing village. In the early days Miss to poison the minds of our children with color blue; mention of poetry brings to mind Culver and Mr. Modisette with encourage­ books and pictures with no artistic merit ment from "wonderful citizens of the state" rhyme; the suggestion of ham calls for eggs went from parish to parish telling the people or socially redeeming value. and salt conjures pepper. In free associa­ and the police juries about demonstration The eminent jurist, Justice Oliver tion one image brings immediately to mind libraries and aebout how after one was es­ Wendell Holmes said: another, its complement. Such is the case with Miss Culver ... when you think of tablished it would be their responsibility Freedom of speech is not the right to cry Louisiana libraries the name Essae Martha to see to its support and continuation. The "Fire!" in a crowded theatre. demonstration library is a concept in library Culver ls a natural association. jargon coined in the development of this Why then must freedom of speech give A host of "firsts" accrue to her name, so many that you wonder if she is an over am­ state's parish library system, best described the right to anyone to increase his own bitious super star. The list of her accom­ as Culverized. personal finances by sending obscene, plishments is staggering and "firsts" for her EARLY YEARS sexually oriented material through the include leadership as the first Louisiana state The Gulver family, her father was an at­ mail? Why must freedom of speech give librarian, the one responsible for developing torney and he·r mother taught school before this sick person the freed om to break today's nationally recognized library system. rearing a family, first settled in Illinois. In down and destroy the morality of our She was the first woman from Southern li­ Miss Culver's formative years, Kansas and braries to be elected president of the inter­ later Ari2lona were home. The family em­ young people? national library organization, one of only phasis was on educaition, considered one of If we pass this legislation, we will have two American Library Association presidents the most important if not the most im­ taken a step in the right direction to­ to be selected from the South, and the first portant thing, one could pursue in life. This ward protecting minors from being men­ woman to receive an honorary degree from was a strong family attitude among the tally contaminated by prohibiting sex­ her alma mater, Pomona College in Cali­ Methodist Culver family of seven of which oriented books, magazines, and materials fornia. (LSU incidentally followed suit. Per­ Essae M. was the youngest of four girls and being sent to them through the mails. sonal modesty, however, prohibits use of the two .boys. title.) "Kansas was a prohibition state in those But, a super business woman Miss Essae days. You see," she noted, "the whole em­ Martha Culver is not. Poised, soft spoken, phasis was on church and education." A TRIBUTE TO ESSAE MARTHA CUL­ Miss Essae is a Southerner by adoption with Christian ideals were given due attention VER AND HER LEADERSHIP FOR all the cultivated grace of lady to the planta­ by th-e family and Miss Culver carried her tion born. respect for learning one step further in in­ LIBRARIES FULL CIRCLE sisting thiat others also have an opportunity Today this lady expresses pleasure and to learn. HON. JOHN BRADEMAS recognition to all the staff and citizenry who "My faither always said," she recalled, helped her in fulfilling the completion of a "th•at we could have all the education we OF INDIANA dream. Approaching a decade a.fter her re­ could take. I recall a time when four of us IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tirement, 44 years after her first sleepless were in college." Thursday, July 24, 1969 July night here, a vision too wide to dare to Recalling a conversation with her brother dream has come full circle. This year the in which she was being admonished for not Mr. BRADEMAS. Mr. Speaker, as the last link of a 64-parish library chain fell into attending church servioes, Essae Culver, an chairman of the Select Subcommittee on place as Jefferson Davis Parish (the Jast in Episcopalian, replied, "I consider my work of 20794 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 24, 1969 bringing better living and learning condi­ Ask Miss CUiver iaibout her hobbies and she To be sure, the far meaning of the moon tions to the rural people of Louisiana. prac­ hesitately replies something about mounrta.in landing may not be immediately apparent. tical Ohristianity." Early patterns of think­ climbing (wishful thinking in Louisiam.a) • Indeed, it may not be knowable even in the ing were not lost or hurt. FUirther questioning reveals the truth, she lifetimes of all those now witnessing this Ironically Essae Martha knew nothing of really does have a oonsuming hobby . • . seemingly transitional happening. libraries until she entered oollege. Being of Libraries! There is, _for example, the expressed hope a retiring nature, sihe was captivated by the of many that the liberation of men from library itself and the learning resources earth's shackles will somehow help to bring available. She offered her service without MAN PROVING HIS ABILITY TO peace on earth. Alas, it is probably a. forlorn pay to the college library in order to become "TOUCH THE FACE OF GOD" hope. There might have been such a. a part of the organization, to see perhaps if chance--if it had been two men from the this would be her life's direction. moon landing upon the earth. CONSUMMATE INTEREST HON. JAMES G. FULTON Still, some men are capable of unselfish The rest is his·tory and the library chal­ OF PENNSYLVANIA and far-sighted vision. Donald Hornig is lenge was such that it came to be her con­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES such a man. He helped put the atom bomb summa.te interest every waking moment for together. He helped to fashion American 36 years. She was the right person, at the Thursday, July 24, 1969 space policy. And he was President Johnson's right time in the right place to spearhead a science adviser. Not too very long ago, Hornig Mr. FULTON of Pennsylvania. Mr. mused about the lunar landing. In effect, library development program of outstanding my quality and national merit. Being in the Speaker, under leave to extend re­ this is what he said: righlt place, accepting the challenge, attrib­ marks in the RECORD, I include the fol­ The landing will be a small but significant uted by Miss Culver to luck was only part lowing: first premium on an insurance policy against of the picture. Miss Culver's modesty should [From the Washington Post, July 20, 1969] that far, far future date-millions of years not deceive as it was the vision, the leader­ MAN PROVING HIS ABILITY To "TOUCH THE away-when the earth's sun begins to over­ ship, the hard work and the devotion to a FACE OF Gon" heat in its death throes and to boil away life course that brought the dream to fruition. on earth. It will then be possible for civiliza­ After Pamona her libra.ry learning widened (By Howard Simons) tion here to uproot itself and travel across with courses wt college in Albany, N.Y. and It is just conceivable that these past 25 space to find a new planet on which to library assignments in Salem, Oregon and in years have been incomparably eventful-not carry on. California. in such obvious matters as assassinations There was nothing frivolous in Hornig's "When I was asked to come to Louisiana, of great men or big and small wars or socio­ view. Too far for the eye to see? Too far for at first, I said, no, that I understand Louisi­ economic change, but rather in literally cos­ the mind to grasp? Perhaps. Let's foreshorten ana didn't like outsiders and the person for mic events with more telling and far-reach­ the perspective and speak not of millions of the job should be a Southerner," said she. ing consequences. years but hundreds of thousands; maybe, Finailly she agreed to come here on loan Thus it seems possible to argue that the with bad luck, of just thousands. from California to carry out Milton F'ergu­ most significant event of the 20th century, What if the planet Earth becomes unten­ son's library mission with the Garnegie perhaps of several centuries, took place at able? There has been no thermonuclear Corporation. Alamagordo, N.M., in 1945. That was when holocaust. Nonetheless, overpopulation and the first atomic bomb was detonated. Nothing "VALOR OF IGNORANCE" overpollution are beginning to choke human­ since has happened, on a global scale, out­ ity, snuffing out life and irreparably alter­ "I call it the vawr of ignoramce thait side the shadow of the bomb. ing life forms as well as changing the climate brought me here," she chuckled as she added, And so, too, it is arguable that the most and overwhelming the life-preserving atmos­ "because I didn't realize that a whole state dramatic event of the 20th century, if all phere. What then? had to be orgam.lzed and thiat there was no goes well, will take place on the moon in law providing for libraries or funds." The nearest star to Earth is Alpha Cen­ 1969. This will be when the first earthling taur!, only 4.3 years away if a spacecraft The year was 1925 and it was a stifling July steps onto another heavenly body. Little ever night Miss Culver picked for her arrlvaJ. could travel at the speed of light, which is again can happen that will n9t somehow re­ not thought physically possible. But Alpha Securdng a na.rrow little room in the former fiect man's ability to slip "the surly bonds of Istrouma Hotel, (then oalled the Alvis) she earth ..." Centaur! only marks the edge of the terri­ spent her first night hourly feeding nickels tory to be explored in search of a new home­ There are similarities between these events. stead. Conceivably, a series of space journeys to a small fan on the d~esser that offered Both were forged in the heat of World War could take generations to cross vast voids of the only S>Ollll'Ce of moving ~. II-in complex and Gargantuan crash pro­ the cosmos. No quarters had been readied for the li­ grams to bring a military victory. The Man­ brarian, no staff, no desk and what greeted hattan Project hidden on one side of the At­ Possible? Why not? Even the tentative stir­ her was ain accumulaJtii0n of 3000 miscel­ lantic; Peenemunde on the other. These were rings of the biological revolution now under­ laneous, surplus books (only aibout half of the beginnings of technocracy: antiseptic, way are mind-boggling in their implications. any vaJue). secret, near-incomprehensible, scentific, tech­ For example, there is good reason to believe The undaunted lonely "pioneer liblr!llria.n" nical, amoral, constructive, and with a vora­ that someday-ten of years, hundreds of seit about filling the needs of the more than cious appetite for men and material and years from now-man will be able to repli­ milliiOln am.d a half persons later to beoome money. cate himself in the test tube and in per­ her adopted kinsman from a room made It is also reasonable to argue that there is petuity. Generation after generation could available for her use in the old sta.te capitol still a third event in this time period to rival be genetically identical: son indistinguish­ by a gestul'e of goodwllll from the then gov­ space and the atom, albeilt a less apparent able from father, daughter from mother, ernor, Henry Fuqua. event because it was less visible, less hard­ brother from brother from brother from how many brothers are desired or needed. The ANOTHER GOVERNOR SPEAKS ware-dependent, less massive in resource commitment and not yet readily televisable world could have as many Einsteins or John Yea.rs l·aiter when the Culverizied system 818 ls a mushroom cloud and a Saturn liftoff. F. Kennedys or Beethovens or Marilyn Mon­ was well on its way to niaitional :reoogtnd.tion in This was the cracking of the genetic code in roes as it wanted. librM"Y development anoit'her governor, this 1953. Now, man has the cutting edge to alter Moreover, it should be possible to tailor time Robel"t Kennon, spoke for the Louisiaina life and to create life. these test tube humanoids to include or ex­ people when he said: Historical imagination can serve backward clude any trait the human now exhibits. "Loui.sia.na is proud of lits famous librarian. and forward. In the long reaches of future Thus if boredom were a problem on space Your deserved honor reflects credit not only history, the moon landing undoubtedly will migrations, the brain's boredom control could upon yourself and the ·state library bwt upon be one of its touchstones. Such contempo­ be removed. And so one can play this game of the sta.t.e as a whole ..." rary disasters as domestic riots and national biological possibilities to the limit of one's Person.ail observations and insights are ha.rd wars of liberation, though more immediately imagination. to isoliaite in oonveTSation with Miss Culver. searing to personal and national psyches, will In sum, there seems to be no heavenly Talk inevttaibly turns to Ubraries and library be less noteworthy in the next century's reason why future mankind cannot wheel development . . . she a.nd they rure insepara­ chronicles. and soar and put out its "hand to touch 'bhe ble. To escape the earth is to provide an oppor­ face of God," save the earthly reason that What intervtlew is complete without the tunity to soar beyond tribal and cultural, na­ the 20th century world has to stay pasted inevita:ble ques11Lon about hobbies, which, tional and ideological stubbornness. It does together long enough-an uncertainty for like one's persona.I possessions, supposedly not, of course, insure against transporting which neither physicist nor engineer nor serve as guide lines to a ~na11ty. these life-threatening flaws to other worlds. biologist can provide a positive prediction.