RARE, THREATENED AND ENDANGERED PLANTS AND ANIMALS OF OREGON OREGON NATURAL heritage program MAY, 1991 Compiled and Published by; Oregon Natural Hofitage Program '1205-N.W, 25th Ave., Portland, OR 97210 (503) 229:5078 FAX (503) 228-3153 A Cooperative Project of The Nature ^nservancy and the State of Oregon (ynservancy With assistance from: The Native “Plant Society.,ot Oregon The Oregpn Department of. Agriculture The Oregon Department of Fish [>nd Wildlife The Oregon Div^ipn of Sfate.Lands. Thfe Oregon Natural keritdge Advisory Council Cover Illustration: Lupinos bidtUer (Biddle's lupine), 'drawn by Linda Voirobik. Bibliographic reference to this publication should read: - -- Oregon Natufaf.Heritage Progratn-. -1>991. Rare, Threatened!and Endangered Plants ^nd. Animals of Oregon. Oregon ^ "Natural Heritage Program, Portland^ Oregon. 64 p. CONTENTS INTRODUCTION........................................................ 2 MAPS .............................................................................. 4 SPECIAL ANIMALS................................................... 6 Main List................................................................... 8 Fish......................................................................... 8 Amphibians........................................................... 10 Reptiles................................................................. 10 Birds...................................................................... 11 Mammals.............................................................. 15 Invertebrates................ ...................................... 16 Animals Arranged by Status................................ 20 Federal and State Listed Taxa........................ 20 USFWS Federal Candidate List...................... 21 ODFW State Sensitive List.............................. 22 ONHP List 1 ...................................................... 23 ONHP List 2 ...................................................... 23 ONHP List 3 ..................................................... 24 ONHP List 4 ...................................................... 25 ONHP Taxa Considered but Rejected . 25 SPECIAL PLANTS ...................................................... 26 Main List................................................................... 28 Vascular Plants................................................... 28 Mosses and Liverworts (Non-vascular Plants) 53 Fungi and Lichens.............................................. 55 Plants Arranged by Status ................................... 56 USFWS Federal Listed Taxa and Candidates 56 ODA State Listed Taxa and Candidates . 57 ONHP List 1 ...................................................... 58 ONHP List 2 ...................................................... 59 ONHP List 3 ........................... >........................ 60 ONHP List 4 ...................................................... 61 ONHP Taxa Considered but Rejected . 62 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 64 INTRODUCTION Extinction is a natural process. Today, however, plant and the many public agencies which have as a part of their animal species are disappearing world-wide at an acceler­ goals and mandates, the identification and protection of ated pace. Based on current trends, half of the species sensitive species and their habitats. Indeed, most of the on earfh will be extinct within the next 100 years. The information contained in this booklet was obtained from major cause of this phenomenon is large-scale destruction biologists working for federal or state agencies. These of native habitats, which has increased since European agencies, together with the state’s herbaria and museum settlement began in the mid 1800’s - in Oregon and collections, provide much of the information that throughout the New World. comprise ONHP’s databases. Once lost, a species can never be recovered, and there is This report has been compiled using the most current no way of knowing how useful it may have been. We do information available on the distribution and abundance know that human beings and many of their industries of plants and animals native to Oregon. Although based depend on plant and animal products. About 50% of all on a large volume of information, it is by no means pharmaceuticals have a natural component as an active complete. Much is known about some species, very little ingredient, yet less than one percent of the world’s species about others. ONHP welcomes additional information or have been chemically analyzed and tested. Many recommendations regarding any of the taxa listed herein. invertebrates and plants contain undescribed and highly Such information, as well as data requests should be functional compounds. Limnanthes floccosa subsp. directed to: grandiflora, or wooly meadow-foam, a rare plant that Oregon Natural Heritage Program grows in southwest Oregon, has been recently found to 1205 N.W. 25th Avenue produce a hybrid with the more common member of the Portland, Oregon 97210 genus, Limnanthes alba. This hybrid grows well in the (503) 229-5078 poorly drained soils of the Willamette Valley and This publication will be updated every other year. Copies produces a valuable oil used for soaps, plastic and rubber may be obtained at cost ($5.00), from ONHP. production. In addition, the new hybrid meadow-foam does not require the field burning necessary for other crops. This species, and many other Oregon natives, will Outline be lost without intervention. The purpose of this book is The book is divided into animal and plant sections. The to provide land managers, owners and interested parties sections begin with a description of the animal and plant with a list of those species in Oregon which are in programs in the state and are followed by the main list of greatest jeopardy. animals and plants. For animals, the list is divided into major groups: fish, amphibians, reptiles, mammals, birds, Oregon State Endangered Species Programs and invertebrates and then arranged alphabetically by scientific name. The plant list is first divided into three In 1987, the Oregon Legislature passed an Endangered groups: vascular plants, non-vascular plants, and fungi & Species Act which gave the Oregon Department of lichens, and then alphabetized by scientific name. The Agriculture responsibility and jurisdiction over threatened information for each taxa includes common name, county, and endangered plants, and reaffirmed the Oregon physiographic province, and adjacent state distribution, Department of Fish and Wildlife’s responsibility for the various state and federal status, as well as ONHP threatened ;and endangered animals. Both of these status. Distribution abbreviations are listed and explained agencies have entered into cooperative (Section 6) on the next two pages. agreements with the United States Fish and Wildlife Service for the purpose of carrying out research and conservation programs for animal and plant species under Criteria and Definitions the auspices of the federal Endangered Species Act. The Inclusion of any given taxon on these lists is based on Oregon Natural Heritage Program (ONHP) is in the several specific criteria. The most important factors are process of obtaining a similar agreement for invertebrates. the total number of known, extant population? in Oregon More information on the state endangered species and world-wide, and the degree to which they are programs can be found at the beginning of the animal potentially or actively threatened with destruction. Other and plant sections of this book. criteria include the number of known populations considered to be securely protected, the size of the The Oregon Natural Heritage Program (ONHP) various populations, and the ability of tfie Imon to persist at known sites. The taxonomic distinctness of each ONHP (formerly the Oregon Natural Heritage Data Base) species also has been considered. Hybrids or maintains a comprehensive manual and computerized data questionable, undescribed species have not been included; base on Oregon’s rare, threatened and endangered plants, although undescribed taxa recognized by the scientific animals and ecosystems. Site-specific information is community in Oregon are included. Taxonomic experts available at the Program office. Support for this system who were consulted are listed in the acknowledgements is based on a cooperative effort between The Nature on the back inside cover. Conservancy and the Oregon Division of State Lands and INTRODUCTION (cont.) Definitions 3) Oregon State Candidates for animals is ODFWs Endangered taxa are those which are in danger of Sensitive Species List, provided by the Department’s becoming extinct within the foreseeable future Non-Game and Fisheries Programs in 1991 and for throughout all or a significant portion of their range. plants is ODA’s Candidate Species List, dated March, 1991. Threatened taxa are those likely to become endangered within the foreseeable future. 4) Heritage Program Lists include all taxa from List 1, List 2, List 3, List 4 and those Taxa Considered but LE = Listed Endangered. Taxa listed by the U.S. Fish Rejected. Taxa are arranged alphabetically within their and Wildlife Service (USFWS) as Endangered under the respective list. Criteria for these lists are: Endangered Species Act (ESA), or by the Departments of Agriculture (ODA) and Fish and Wildlife (ODFW) of List 1 contains taxa that are threatened with the state of Oregon under the Oregon Endangered extinction or presumed to be extinct throughout their Species Act of 1987 (OESA). entire range.