Automated Guideway Transit Service Availability Workshop
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. HL 18.5 RT NO. UMTA-MA -06-0048 - 77-4 . A37 no QOT- TSU- UMTa- AUTOMATED GUIDEWAY TRANSIT ,77-46 , SERVICE AVAILABILITY WORKSHOP C.W. Watt (Editor) U.S Department of Transportation Transportation Systems Center Kendall Square Cambridge MA 02142 FEBRUARY 1978 FINAL REPORT DOCUMENT IS AVAILABLE TO THE U.S. PUBLIC THROUGH THE NATIONAL TECHNICAL INFORMATION SERVICE, SPRINGFIELD, VIRGINIA 22161 Prepared for: U,S. DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION URBAN MASS TRANSPORTATION ADMINISTRATION Office of Technology Development and Deployment Office of New System and Automation Washington DC 20590 . NOTICE This document is disseminated under the sponsorship of the Department of Transportation in the interest of information exchange. The United States Govern- ment assumes no liability for its contents or use thereof NOTICE The United States Government does not endorse pro- ducts or manufacturers. Trade or manufacturers' names appear herein solely because they are con- sidered essential to the object of this report. 4 * Technical Report Documentation Page 1 . Report No. 2. Government Accession No. 3. Recipient's Catalog No. 8 UMTA-MA- 0 6- 00 4 - 7 7- C - - -t t,=, 4. Title and Subtitle ' R n n AUTOMATED GUIDEWAY TRANSIT SERVICE F eb ruary 19 7 8 AVAILABILITY WORKSHOP 6. Performing Organization Code 8. Performing Organization Report No. W’. r 7. Author's) C. Watt, E d i t o DOT-T SC -UMT A- 7 7-46 9. Performing Organization Name and Address 10 Work Unit !- 'V U.S. Department of Transportation UM- 733/R8708 Transportation Systems Center 11. Contract or Grant No. Kendall Square Cambridge 02142 MA 13. Type of Report and Period Covered 12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address Final U.S. Department of Transportation Report Urban Mass Transportation Administration October 6-8, 1976 Office of Technology Development and Deployment Office of New System and Automation 14. Sponsoring Agency Code Washington DC 20590 15. Supplementary Notes '"Contributors: J. Marino, D. He imann (T SC ) , D. MacKinnon (UMTA) 16. Abstract A workshop was conducted by the Transportation Systems Center to discuss, from a number of viewpoints, the meaning, specification, and measurement of service availability in automated guideway transit (AGT) systems. The makeup of the work- shop ensured that the widest spectrum of informed opinion was brought to bear on the questions involved. These included definitions of service availability; the way it is being, or should be, specified, predicted, and measured; and how, for a transit system, such a system-level parameter can be translated into meaningful and measurable hardware requirements for designers and builders. Four panels of participants experienced in this area discussed these questions; the texts of their remarks are presented in this report, with only minor editing. In addition, much discussion was generated; this is also presented in the report, with only enough editing to provide continuity and clarity. The discussions illustrated clearly the wide spectrum of meanings currently given to the term "service availability." The positions taken by representatives of the various portions of the transit industry - properties, designers, research- ers, and manufacturers - showed the variety of ways in which system performance is specified and evaluated today, and the reasons for such a variety. 17. Key Words 18. Distribution Statement Availability DOCUMENT IS AVAILABLE TO THE U.S. PUBLIC THROUGH THE NATIONAL TECHNICAL Dependability INFORMATION SERVICE, SPRINGFIELD, Reliability VIRGINIA 22161 Service availability 21* No. of P ages 22. Price 19. Security Classif. (of this report) 20. Security Classif. (of this page) Unclassified Unclassified 422 Form DOT F 1700.7 (8—72) Reproduction of completed page authorized . ' PREFACE The Service Availability Workshop, sponsored by the Urban Mass Transportation Administration (UMTA) and arranged by the Transportation Systems Center (TSC) , Cambridge, Massachusetts, was held at the Andover Rolling Green Motor Inn, Andover, Massachusetts on October 6, 7 and 8, 1976. The workshop consisted of four panel sessions, which included presentation of papers, followed by question-and-answer periods relevant to the paper presentations. These activities were participated in by panel members and in- vited guests for the furthering of understanding and the potential future implementation of the following objectives: 1. Establish, define, and document measures for ensuring service availability in automated guideway transit and other transit systems. 2. Identify analytical methods for calculating these measures in terms of reliability, maintainability, topology, and/or pas- senger reaction in transit networks. i ii FACTORS CONVERSION METRIC s. 5 St? TABLE OF CONTENTS P ane l Page INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY xiii 1. SERVICE AVAILABILITY DEFINITIONS 1-1 Paper 1 . Service Availability in New System De- signs, by W.J. Roesler 1-7 Paper 2 . Service Availability - A Design Parameter for New Systems, by C.O. Buhlman 1-21 Paper 3 . APTA's View of Service Availability, by D. Gardner 1-35 Paper 4 . Analysis of System Design with Respect to System Cost, by F.C. Smith 1-43 Paper 5 . Analysis of Service Availability Relative to Advanced GRT Program, by H.L. Tucker... 1-57 Paper 6 . An Availability Analysis of a Rail Rapid Transit System, by D.I. Heimann 1-65 2. OPERATOR EXPERIENCE IN OPERATIONAL SYSTEMS 2-1 Paper 1 . Operational Features of the Dallas-Fort Worth AIRTRANS System, by D. Ochsner 2-5 Paper 2 . Operational Features of the SeaTac (Seat- tle-Tacoma) Satellite Transit System, by M.K. Bitts 2-21 Paper 3 . BART Reliability and Availability Data Experience, by J.H. King 2-37 Paper 4 . Chicago Transit Authority System Relia- bility Considerations, by K. Bisset 2-59 Paper 5 . Answers to Questions Posed by the Trans- portation Systems Center, by J.W. Vigrass. 2-71 3. THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF AGT SERVICE AVAILABILITY 3-1 Paper 1 . Life-Cycle Costs and Reliability Alloca- tion in Automated Transit Systems, by J. C. Anderson 3-5 v TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONTINUED) 3. Panel Page Paper 2 . An Approach to Automated Guideway System (Cont.) Dependability Analysis, by W.C. Womack et al 3-33 Paper 3 . Availability Analysis for Automated Guideway Transit Systems, by H.L. Tucker and I . J . Sacks 3-47 Paper 4 . The Simulation of Availability in AGT Systems, by R.N. Oglesby 3-73 Paper 5 . A Trip Dependability Model for Automated Group Rapid Transit Networks, by W.J. Roesler 3-93 Paper 6 . AGT Service Availability Modeling, by L. R. Doyon 3-121 Paper 7 . System Aspects of Service Avail- ability, by E. Diamant 3-145 4. USER-MANUFACTURER RELATIONSHIPS 4-1 Discussion of Service Availability Experience at Morgantown, by P. Esposito. 4-5 Discussion of Service Availability Experience at AIRTRANS, by D. Ochsner.... 4-10 Discussion of Specification Process at Morgantown, by F. Musil 4-13 Discussion of Specification Process at AIRTRANS, by A. Corbin 4-16 Discussion on Definition of Contract Specifications, by F. Gunter 4-17 5. LIST OF ATTENDEES 5-1 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Figure Page PANEL 1 PAPER 4 BY F. C. SMITH 1. Qualitative Acquisition Cost Trends 1-49 2. Effect of System Failure Rate (r) and MTTR (<j>) on Life Cycle Cost (System "A" - Includes Debt Service, 20 Y ears at 6%) 1-50 3. Effect of System Failure Rate on Costs Sensitive to System Assurance (System "A") 1-51 PANEL 2 PAPER 1 BY D, OCHSNER 1. Typical AIRTRANS Service Report 2-11 2. Graphical Presentation of AIRTRANS Service Report 2-13 3. Maintenance Report 2-15 4. Monthly Statistics Report 2-16 PAPER 2 BY M. K. BITTS 1. Progression of Events in Evolution of STS 2-24 2. Westinghouse Participation During 1973-1976 2- 29 3. Bar Chart Relating Failures to Overall Hardware Reliability 2-33 4. System Availability and Corresponding Monthly MTBF and MTTR Parameters (1974-1976) 2- 34 PAPER 3 BY J. H. KING 1. Weekly Unscheduled Train Removal Rate, 1976 2-40 2. Subsystem Breakdown of Train Equipment 2-41 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS (CONTINUED) F igur e Page PAPER 3 BY J. H. KING (CONTINUED) 3. Weekly Car Failure Rates - In Revenue Service 2-42 4. Tabulated Data of Equipment Restoration Actions 2-43 5. Evaluation of Performance Indices Used at BART 2-45 6. Incident Reporting Form - Incident Circumstances and Failure Description 2-48 7. Incident Reporting Form - System and Equipment Incident Report 2-49 8. Incident Reporting Form - Component Parts Document (Vehicle and Equipment) 2-50 9. Weekly A-Car Availabl n 1 ity , 1976 2-51 10. Weekly B-Car Availability, 1976 2-52 PANEL 3 PAPER 1 BY J.E. ANDERSON 1. Life-Cycle Cost 3 _g 2. The Lagrangian Multiplier 3-20 3. The System Constraint Function 3-22 PAPER 2 BY W. WOMACK ET AL 1. Service Dependability Curve 3-44 2. System Exposure Time/Number of Systems Affecting User, Class A Failure Case 3-44 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS (CONTINUED) Figure Page PAPER 3 BY H. L. TUCKER AND I. J, SACKS 1. Availability Cases 3-51 2. Analytic Failure Analysis Flow 3-53 3. Single O/D Pair Histogram 3-55 4. Histogram - Case A 3-56 5. Single O/D Pair Histogram with Recovery.. 3-59 6. Availability Distribution 3-60 7. Failure Distribution 3-61 8. Gamma Distribution 3-62 9. HPPRT Test Network 3-65 PAPER 4 BY R.N. OGLESBY 1. Positive Switching Mechanism 3-77 2. Positive Switching Mechanism Block Diagram 3-78 3. Fault Tree Analysis, Logic Diagram 3-82 4. Computerized System Availability Program for Dual Mode, Using Monte Carlo Process.. 3-84 5. Failure Rates Related to Apportionment of Availability 3-86 PAPER 5 BY W.J. ROESLER 1. Flow Simulation Layout 3-96 2. Network Breakdown 3-100 3. System Failed/Operable Conditions 3-101 4. Component Level Recovery Modes 3-103 5. Link Recovery Time Factors 3-105 6.