Narrativa Fílmica E Internet Desconstrução Fílmica E Interatividade

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Narrativa Fílmica E Internet Desconstrução Fílmica E Interatividade Escola das Artes da Universidade Católica Portuguesa Mestrado em Som e Imagem Narrativa Fílmica e Internet Desconstrução Fílmica e Interatividade Cinema e Audiovisual 2014/2015 Nuno Miguel Rodrigues Meneses Professor Orientador: Carlos Sena Caires Setembro de 2015 Narrativa Fílmica e Internet – Desconstrução Fílmica e Interatividade Dedicatória Aos meus pais que sempre me apoiaram e me deram todas as ferramentas para ser feliz. À minha irmã que desde que nasceu me critica e me faz ser melhor. A todos os meus amigos que me obrigaram a escrever em vez de ver filmes e jogar computador. I Narrativa Fílmica e Internet – Desconstrução Fílmica e Interatividade Agradecimentos O agradecimento maior vai para a minha família, que sempre me apoiou em todos os aspetos. Aperceber-se que se tem um filho que quer ser artista não deve ser fácil, mas eles fizeram-no como se o fosse. À minha família devo tudo. Desde às despesas que causei às emoções que sentimos. Um muito obrigado a todos, em especial à mãe, pai e irmã. Não posso também deixar de agradecer ao professor Carlos Sena Caires que me conduziu na investigação e me fez perceber que a melhor maneira de começar é fazer. Agradeço ainda a todos os outros que estiveram direta ou indiretamente envolvidos nesta dissertação, ou que contribuíram para o seu sucesso. II Narrativa Fílmica e Internet – Desconstrução Fílmica e Interatividade Resumo Nos últimos anos o Cinema tem sofrido inúmeras alterações e evoluções. Quer através do seu desenvolvimento tecnológico, quer através da perceção e interpretação do público das histórias contadas. A tecnologia evolui, assim como a sensibilidade e compreensão artística das plateias. Isto é, a leitura das audiências tem vindo a adaptar-se às novas formas de apresentação Cinematográfica. A facilidade com que um ser humano consome Cinema é muito maior do que há alguns anos. Este facto deve-se sobretudo ao aparecimento e constante desenvolvimento do fenómeno da Internet. Está tudo à distância de um clique. Neste momento uma pessoa com uma ligação ao mundo cibernético consegue aceder a uma biblioteca infinita de filmes. Tal facto levou a população a aperceber-se que é possível criar uma audiência exclusiva para este formato online. Procurar-se-á nesta dissertação perceber como tem evoluído a tecnologia na rede e a forma de contar histórias nas plataformas online. Palavras-chave: Cinema, Narrativa Fílmica, Internet, Plataformas Online, Interatividade III Narrativa Fílmica e Internet – Desconstrução Fílmica e Interatividade Índice de Conteúdos 1 INTRODUÇÃO ..................................................................................................................................................... 7 1.1 APRESENTAÇÃO DA PROBLEMÁTICA................................................................................................................. 8 1.2 METODOLOGIA UTILIZADA PARA A INVESTIGAÇÃO ......................................................................................... 8 1.3 DESCRIÇÃO DA ESTRUTURA DA DISSERTAÇÃO ................................................................................................. 9 2 NARRATIVA FÍLMICA E INTERNET ...........................................................................................................11 2.1 O QUE É A NARRATIVA? ...................................................................................................................................11 2.1.1 TIPOS E FORMAS DE NARRATIVA ................................................................................................................................11 2.2 O QUE SE ENTENDE POR NARRATIVA FÍLMICA ...............................................................................................12 2.2.1 A RELAÇÃO DA NARRATIVA FÍLMICA COM O ESPECTADOR ...................................................................................13 2.2.2 A ESTRUTURA CLÁSSICA DA NARRATIVA FÍLMICA .................................................................................................15 2.2.3 OUTROS TIPOS DE NARRATIVA FÍLMICA...................................................................................................................17 2.2.4 O ESPAÇO DO QUADRO FÍLMICO .................................................................................................................................19 2.2.5 O TEMPO ........................................................................................................................................................................22 2.2.6 GÉNEROS NARRATIVOS FÍLMICOS ..............................................................................................................................24 2.3 O QUE É A INTERNET? ......................................................................................................................................25 2.3.1 PRINCIPAIS SITES DE DIVULGAÇÃO DE TRABALHOS ARTÍSTICOS ...........................................................................26 2.3.2 PLATAFORMAS DE VÍDEOS ONLINE ...........................................................................................................................27 2.3.2.1 YouTube ...................................................................................................................................................................29 2.3.2.2 Vimeo .........................................................................................................................................................................31 2.3.2.3 Flickr ..........................................................................................................................................................................31 2.3.2.4 Screencast by TechSmith ...................................................................................................................................32 2.3.2.5 Animoto ....................................................................................................................................................................32 2.4 CONCLUSÃO DE CAPÍTULO ...............................................................................................................................32 3 CINEMA E INTERNET - INTERATIVIDADE E INTERPRETAÇÃO ......................................................34 3.1 A QUESTÃO DA INTERATIVIDADE ...................................................................................................................34 3.1.1 O QUE É A INTERATIVIDADE? ......................................................................................................................................34 3.1.2 O CINEMA/VÍDEO INTERATIVO ..................................................................................................................................35 3.1.2.1 “Kinoautomat” .......................................................................................................................................................38 3.1.3 PARTICIPAÇÃO DO PÚBLICO ........................................................................................................................................40 IV Narrativa Fílmica e Internet – Desconstrução Fílmica e Interatividade 3.1.4 A DESCONSTRUÇÃO DA NARRATIVA FÍLMICA ..........................................................................................................41 3.2 INTERPRETAÇÃO E PRODUÇÃO DE SIGNIFICADOS .........................................................................................42 3.2.1 AS MUTAÇÕES DO QUADRO FÍLMICO.........................................................................................................................43 3.2.2 O SOM .............................................................................................................................................................................45 3.2.3 A FENOMENOLOGIA DO ECRÃ .....................................................................................................................................45 3.2.4 O PAPEL DA PUBLICIDADE ...........................................................................................................................................46 3.2.4.1 Disrupção Narrativa ............................................................................................................................................46 3.2.4.2 Apoio Financeiro ...................................................................................................................................................48 3.3 CONCLUSÃO DE CAPÍTULO ...............................................................................................................................49 4 DESCONSTRUÇÃO DO CINEMA E INTERNET .........................................................................................51 4.1 NARRATIVAS DESCONSTRUÍDAS – SUCESSOS DA INTERNET .........................................................................51 4.1.1 ANÁLISE DE VÍDEOS E FILMES FEITOS ESPECIFICAMENTE PARA A INTERNET ..................................................51 4.1.1.1 “La Linea Interactive” .........................................................................................................................................52 4.1.1.2 “The YouTube Electric Guitar” ........................................................................................................................54 4.1.1.3 “The Treasure Hunt” ...........................................................................................................................................55
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