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Zev^Sta a Ropecuaria

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Zev^Sta a Ropecuaria • ^^BRE AÑO LXVI 1997 ^Zev^sta a^ rOpecuaria / / .•^4q` 7r - ^.44\ ^- ses ALTA TECNOLOGIA EN SEMILLAS DERBY NZ KORIF NZ ORYX NZ CYRANO N TAMINO N MIRABEL NE VIGIL NE '^^t ^ ^zso.aro seam.l.ns cnl.mitnuns v rn.twwtu^` r RESISTENTE AL ESPIGADO MEZZANO AU-POLY RESISTENTES^.^..,^.,a . AL PIGADO $^ ^^ ^ ^ ^;< _^, A\'.L , .' _ NZ NE^ HOLLAND SERIE G/70 EL TRACTOR DE 1" CLASE •,llolores e^ltre 170 l^ 240 Cl^', Cof1 pote^i^ia ^o^i^tante. Flea^ibilidUd l^ presta^i^»>e^ •R^^ío de^iro r^il^l^ redli^ído. C'r118% ^^1e^1os ^l^e ^l«^l^^^iieroir^o lr^^^io^^ • Gorisola de m^r^dos despla^able para .ha^er ^n^ ^^orrlodu s1^ lrahujo I I ^ ^ I ^ ^ ' ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ l^n^i ^ul^^ I^^^'u r^euli^^i torlr^s la^ ^in^^ iune^ d^^l <<imbin. .^^^i^^n^nirlulu {^uiin ^^rl^^lurifep„ii^^nir^^ el h^rii^or eii mrn^ihr^. ,._, la^ l^f^ln^irl^^rle^ ^e irlh^udu^e^i ^nu ^iir^^^^^^ ^^ rr^^^irlu^ ^^" ^l^^^pluzr^^ili^^^^10^ I^^i^^i^al^^^^ r^ici^^iirnirlo Ir^ lerr^ hr^i i^^ utru^, ^^^ iin'if^ile ^^I se»Ii^1u d^^ inrnrf^r^^. F,I primer ^^r^n^hio ^l^^I ni^^r^u^lu ^nii uiil^^inrili^niu.^^^rn^a ^^I li'LIIlS^101"^(' 1'^)NI"ll ^0^ ^^jPO^ PII I^^^ ^z^bE^i^^^^r^^ rlt^ l^^> ^i^n^i^'1^^^ I^EW HOLLAI^D MAQUINARIA PARA LAAGRICULTURA DEL FUTURO r^^ cu u ra ^01^ "^^^,^^ Revista a^ropecuaria PUBLICACIÓN MENSUAL ILUSTRADA Signatura intcrnacional norn^alizada: ISSN: fK)02-1:i.34 Cristóbal de la ^ • •' Puerta Castelló S U IVI A R I O Pedro Caldentey, Julián Briz, Yolanda Santos, Eugenio Picón, Luis Márquez, Arturo EDTTORIALES Arenillas, Domingo ^ • .Semillas y •alimentos tra^^nsgénicos^ ^^ ^ 7tí2 Gómez Orea, Agustín • Que viene el Euro.- Un nuevo symposium de semillas 763 González, David •^,Se modcrniza el oGvar espa^ol?.- Nombres, cambios, empresas 764 ^^ •^ González, Joan Tous, (Cataluña), Carios de la Puerta (Andalucía), UPINION Carlos Hemández (Extremadura), •^,Política rural integrada o desintegración de la P.A.C.? por A. Massot 766 Bemardo de Mesanza (País Vasco) HOY POR HOY, por Vidal Maté Editorial Agrícola Española, S.A. • El ctictel de Atocha.- El milagro de Loyola de Palacio.- Loyola de Palacio, 776 Domicilio: Caballero cambios e indecisiones.- Aceite de oliva: récord en ayudas y penalizaciones.- de Gracia, 24 Regulación para la patata.- Llegó la multa de la lechc.- Superficies de base Teléfono 521 16 33. regionales para el maíz v otros cultivos en regadío.- [3ruselas elimina en el 28013 Madrid Trigo lluro los derechos individuales.- Fischer vino a Madrid para "vender" la reforma de la PAC. FAX: 522 48 72 Editorial Agrícola SEMILLAS • TECNICAS DE CULTIVO Española, S.A., - : ^^^ • Semillas y plantas dc vivero: Estos son nuestros ohjetivos. Entrevista a Mariín C. de la Puerta, 794 Fernándcz dc Gorostiza F. Valderrama 800 • Conscrvación de reaursos fitogenéticos, por J.M. Pita y M. M" Iriondo 804 • Micropropagación, por M. Morán y C. Caho si2 • La mesa termogradiente, por José Ma Durán, M. Torres y S. Ruano 816 IMPRIME: Coimoff, S.A. • Factores climátia>s yue afectan a la producción y a la calidad de la fibra de algo- C/ Acero, 1. T. 871 47 09. dón, por J.C. Gutiérrez 816 28500-Arganda del Rey (Madrid) • Maíl para ensilar, por A. Sancha 821 • Produccitin de plantas de tabaco por e] sistema de bandejas Flotantes, por H. Pérez x2a DISEÑO: Juan Muñoz Martinez ^QUINARIA 825 ^:^..^ . .. EN EL CAMPO DE LA LEY, por B. Pernas 827 OFICINA DE JUSflFICACION • EI programa LIFE DE w DlFUSlolu s.a CRONICAS 829 SUSCRIPCIÓN: _. _ ..^e^ r^. _ ^ 1NFORMACION 831 España..» ....................... SSOp (IVA indwdo) Portugal » ...................... 7.00(1 Restantes países ......... 9.INN1 ptati. + 833 importe aérco FERIAS, CONGRESOS, PREMIOS... Números sucltos: Fspaña .............. 550 ptas. 837 Depósito Legal M-183-195R LIBROs EDTI'ORIALES / SEMILLAS Y ALIMENTOS TRANSGENICOS El desembarco hace t^znos meses, en el puerto de ten ventajas agronórnicas frente a lcrs innumerahles rrd- Barcelona, de urt cargam^ento de soja transgénica, causó versidades de la agricultura, en adaptación a/ ntedin el natural revuelo en la prensa diaria, siempre a la espe- producrivo. ra de la noticia novedosa y a poder ser inquietante y El objetivo es casi siempre la resistencia o tolerancia alarmista. de la nueva variedad a un.factor productivo, frío o ca- La primera inqtcietud lógicarnente surge frente a la lor, sequín o htrmedad, plaga o enfc:rnredad, exceso 0 posibilidad de gue estas "nuevas" sentillas y granos in- defecto de caliza en el suelo, etc. eidan en la salud, con el temor de una invasión de "ali- La ingeniería gertética tampoco ha olvidado este oh- mentos transgénicos". jetivo genérico, buscartdo siernpre trna resistcncia c{ue Otras protestas de la opinión pttiblica se refieren a suponga ampliar posibilidades de crrltivo, ascgurar pro- posibles impactos en la naturaleza y en el ec/uilibrio en- ducciones o vencer una determinadcr contingertcia agro- ^ tre especies. námica. La ingeniería genética ha saltado a la portada de los Así estárt llegando al mercado semillas c{ue cortsi- periódicos y titttlares de los programas radiofónicos, guen plantas resistentes a insectos o herbicidas o yue ante su capacidad de conseguir aceites con menos coles- concentren su madtrración pcrra una mejor rccolecciún terol, vinos mas afrutados, maíz con almidón modifica- y comercialización (tomate, melón). do, carne y leche con mas proteínas, esto es, uncz gama Estas obtenciones, corr los natrcrnles derechos udqui- completa de alimentos. ridos, están Ilegando recientenrente al mercado proce- Desde la antigiiedad mas remota las especies silves- dente de importantes firmas »udtincrcionales, cada vez tres han sido "domesticadas" a través de continuados más escasas en su núntero debirio a las fir.siones _v cola- esfuerzos de selección y mejora genética, con manipula- boraciones comerciales. dores cruzamientos, pero en estos ríltimos diez años el Ejemplos son la soja transgénicu resistentc crl gli fosa- gran salto ha consistido en la posibilidad de introducir to obtenida por Monsanto, un rncrtz, tolerarrte al tcr/adro, en una especie de vegetal genes de otra especie (vegetal, obtenido por Novartrs (antes Ciba Ceigy), un tomate de animal o incluso de síntesis). maduración tardía procedente de las investigaciones de Hemos insistido siempre ante nuestros lectores que Calgene. la autorización definitiva y oficial del reso de trn nuevo Monsanto está preserrtando en Españn el algodón agroguímico (insectieida, herbicida, etc.) está basada en Bollgard que, con la introctucción de un gen de Racillus múltiples ensayos y controles previos que duran varios thurigiertsis^, se consigue que las plarttas produzcan una años. Igual ocurre con las "nuevas" variedades. proteína específica qtce destruye a los insectos yue las Los nuevos alimentos trartsgénicos son también evi- cornen, sin dañar a los insectos 6c neficiosos. dententemente considerados por la legislación corres- La firma AgrEvo {ta desarrollado el producto Li- pondiente, como son la Food and Drug Adm.inistration berty Link en Canac{á para controlar las rnalas hierhas norteamericana y un reciente Reglamento de la Unión en la colza. Europea, aparte de otras legislaciones de Japón y Ca- Compartimos la inquietud de ecologistas y constcmi- nadá. No se trata tanto de legislar el procedimiento em- dores ante la posible invasión.futura de vuriedades pleado en la obtención del "nuevo" alimento, sino en la transgénicas para el cultivo y producción de "ulirnentos evahración de la garantía higiénico-sanitaria del pro- transgénicos ", pero dehemos con fiar en el rigor de los ducto ^nal. controles y de !as autorizaciones oficiales, usí corno err Pero, aparte de la consecución de características los numerosos ensayos que realizan las propicrs^ firrrras. atractivas en los alimentos, los objetivos, de ahora y de En Estados Unidos ya se cultivan nurchus de estas siempre, de la rnejora vegetal han sidn la obtención de variedades. En la Unión Europea se esperan pró_rintas nuevas variedades de las especies cultivadas que crpor- autorizaciones. 762-AG R ICU LTU RA ED^TO^LEs r EL EURO El proceso de consolidación de la Unión Económica Mone- plátano, los zapatos, los frutos secos, etc.), pero ahora se trasla- taria está en marcha y aunque el tema del Euro salta cort fYe- da totalmente a Bruselas. Las politiquillas de devaluaciones, cuencia a las páginas de la prensa diaria y está siendo protago- muy al estilo italiano o español, no serán permitidas por la nista de seminarios y simposios, entendemos que el gr-an público Unión Europea. En realidad la cesión de soberania de los Esta- no ha tomado conciencia todavía del alcance de la decisión. dos Miembros, en politica comercial, es un hecho. El Gohierno, por otra purte, viene presumiendo de sus cum- A este respecto el poder de Bruselas aumenta hasta el punto plimientos de los criterios de Maastricht, lo cual parecía poco de que las propias decisiones del Banco Central Europeo están pvsihle hace solo un par de años, pero explica poco a los ciuda- supeditadas a la Comisión Europea que cada vez será una ma- danos el referido alcance. yorJefatura de Gobierno. En próximos números inJórmaremos sobre aspectos concre- Pero cabe preguntarse ^ está pr-eparada la Unión Europea tos de la moneda única, y en especial de su incidencia en el sec- para esa unificación de una política única? ^ está preparada Es- tor agrm•io, bajo la opinión de atrtores especializados. paña para esa total integración?. Pero la realidad es que se avanza inexorablemente hacia la Una Europa unida no se concibe todavía, cuando los objeti- unificación monetaria c^rropea, el año 1999 termina la Jáse deci- vos van más allá de la unión monetaria y se dirigen nada menos siva y en el 200Z se retiran los billeles nacionales, lo que signifi- ca una total dependencia del nuevo Banco Central Europeo, que yue a la defensa y los asuntos exterzores.
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