IDENTIFICATION SHEETS FOR WILDLIFE SPECIES TRADED IN English (Restricted version) (No national legislation included) SOUTHEAST ASIA

James Compton/TSEA

Chris Shepherd/TSEA

WWF-Malaysia/Stephen Hogg TRAFFIC Southeast Asia

REACH/Amran Chris Shepherd/TSEA

Mark Auliya/TSEA

Mark Auliya/TSEA

Ocean Park Hong Kong

Chris Shepherd/TSEA TRAFFIC Southeast Asia Chris Shepherd/TSEA

Chris Shepherd/TSEA Chris Shepherd/TSEA

Mark Auliya/TSEA

sia 2008 Chris Shepherd/TSEA A FFIC Southeast FFIC Southeast A

TR Chris Shepherd/TSEA WWF-Canon / Frédéric MONNOT Claire Beastall Chris Shepherd/TSEA Chris Shepherd/TSEA TRAFFIC Southeast Asia TRAFFIC Southeast Asia © Contents

These identification sheets have been prepared by TRAFFIC Southeast Asia to assist enforcement officials in the identification of wildlife species that are commonly found in trade in Southeast Asia. These were prepared in 2008 and 2009 and feature 87 sheets. RESOURCES CITES and the IUCN Red List REPTILES Crocodylia spp. Hides CITES Management and Scientific Authorities Alligators & Caiman Alligator & Caiman species Guide to Verification of CITES Permits Crocodylus novaeguinea & C. mindorensis Philippine & New Guinea Crocodiles Measurements and Glossary Crocodylus porosus & C. siamensis Siamese & Estuarine Crocodiles *Common Smuggling Techniques - On the Person Tomistoma schlegelii False Gharial *Not included in *Common Smuggling Techniques - Hidden in Luggage Uromastyx spp. Spiny-tailed Lizards species this version *Common Smuggling Techniques - Hidden in Cargo Phelsuma spp. Day Gecko species *Common Smuggling Techniques - Mixed with Lookalike Species Gekko gecko Tokay Gecko *Common Smuggling Techniques - Under the Guise of Captive Breeding Varanus spp. Monitor Lizard species *Detecting Fraudulent Permits Ptyas mucosus Oriental Rat Snake *Situations where Fraudulent Permits are often Found Ophiophagus hannah, Naja spp. Cobra species MAMMALS Bos gaurus & Bos javanicus Gaur and Banteng Pythons Python species Capricornis spp. Serow spp. Carettochelys insculpta Pig-nosed Turtle Pantholops hodgsonii Tibetan Antelope - Shatoosh Cheloniidae and Dermochelyidae Marine Turtle Saiga tatarica Saiga Antelope Eretmochelys imbricata Hawksbill Turtle Deer and Antlers Multi-tined Antlers Batagur spp. Batagur species Moshus spp. Musk Deer spp. Felidae (1) Cats Cuora spp. Asian Box Turtle species Felidae (2) Southeast Asian CITES I Cat species Orlitia borneensis Malaysian Giant Turtle Felidae (3) Parts & Derivatives commonly found in Trade Trachemys scripta elegans Red-eared Slider Southeast Asian Otters Southeast Asian Otters Testudinidae spp. Tortoise species Helarctos malayanus Sun Bear Astrochelys (Geochelone) radiata Radiated Tortoise Ursus thibetanus Asiatic Black Bear Hemigalus derbyanus & Chrotogale owstoni Banded Palm Civet & Owston’s Civet Astrochelys yniphora Ploughshare Tortoise Prionodon pardicolor & Prionodon linsang Spotted Linsang & Banded Linsang Geochelone elegans Indian Star Tortoise Arctictis binturong Binturong Geochelone platynota Burmese Star Tortoise Rhinocerotidae Rhinoceros spp. Geochelone (Stigomochelys) pardalis Leopard Tortoise Manis spp. Pangolin spp. Malacochersus tornieri Pancake Tortoise Primates Primate spp. Nycticebus spp. Loris spp. Manouria emys Asian Brown Tortoise Macaca fascicularis Long-tailed Macaque Manouria impressa Impressed Tortoise Elephas maximus & Loxodonta africana Elephants Amyda cartilaginea Asiatic Softshell Turtle Pelodiscus sinensis Chinese Softshell Turtle BIRDS Dendrocygna javanica & D. arcuata Lesser Whistling & Wandering Whistling Ducks Leptoptilos spp. Adjutant Stork spp. Dyscophus antongilii Tomato Frog Bucerotidformes spp. Hornbill spp. AMPHIBIANS Copsychus malbaricus White--rumped Shama Falconiformes Birds of Prey FISH Scleropages formosus Asian Arowana Pycnonotus zeylanicus Straw-headed Bulbul Cheilinus undulatus Humphead Wrasse Gracula religiosa Hill Mynah Hippocampus spp. Seahorse species Psittaciformes spp.. Parrots

Asia 2008 Cacatua spp. White Cockatoo spp INVERTEBRATES Tridacnidae spp. Giant Clam species Probosciger aterrimus Palm Cockatoo Eos spp. Indonesian Lorikeet spp. Nepenthaceae Pitcher Plants Loriculus galgulus Blue-crowned Hanging Parrot PLANTS Orchidaecae (1) CITES Appendix I species Lorius garrulus Chattering Lory Orchidaecae (2) Identification of Wild Orchids

TRAFFIC Southeast TRAFFIC Southeast Lorius lory Black-capped Lory

© Gonystylus spp. Ramin species Strigiformes Owl spp. CITES & The IUCN Red List

CITES IUCN Red List CITES (the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species For over 40 years the IUCN has through its Species Survival of Wild Fauna and Flora) is an international agreement between Commission (SSC) been assessing the conservation status of species, governments (member States). It aims to ensure that international subspecies, varieties and even selected subpopulations on a global trade in specimens of wild animals and plants (or their parts and scale to highlight those which are threatened with extinction. derivatives ie. anything made from even parts of them) does not threaten their survival. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species provides taxonomic, conservation status and distribution information for animals and plants CITES works by subjecting the international trade in specimens of that have been evaluated. The assigned Catagories and Criteria are selected species to certain controls. All import, export, re-export and designed to determine the relative risk of extinction. introduction of any of the 30,000 species covered by the Convention has to be authorised through a licencing system. Animals and plants Species listed CR (Critically Endangered), EN (Endangered) and VU listed under CITES appear within one of three Appendices meaning that (Vulnerable) have a higher risk of global extinction than those listed as their trade is tightly regulated through a standardised permit system: NT (Near Threatened) or LC (Least Concern).

Appendix I includes species threatened with extinction. Trade in these More information is available at www.redlist.org is allowed only in exceptional circumstances.

Appendix II includes species in which uncontrolled trade could threaten their survival. These species are not necessarily threatened at the current time.

Appendix III contains species which are protected in at least one country that has requested other member States for help in controlling the trade. There is no formal link between CITES and the IUCN Red List. CITES: determines which procedures are followed with respect to A specimen of a CITES-listed species can only be imported into or international trade in listed animals and plants. exported (or re-exported) out of a member State if the appropriate IUCN Red List: determines biological status of animals and plants.

Asia 2008 documents have been obtained in advance and are presented for clearance at the port of entry or exit. In some cases your national law may be stricter and it is this which should be applied in such cases.

TRAFFIC Southeast Southeast TRAFFIC Further information is available at www.cites.org © CITES Management and Scientific Authorities

CITES works by subjecting international trade in specimens of selected species to certain controls. All import, export, re-export and introduction of the species covered by the Convention has to be authorised by a licensing system. Each country which is party to CITES must designate one or more Management Authorities to be in charge of administering that licensing system and one or more Scientific Authorities who advise them on the effects of trade on the status of the species.

MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY SCIENTIFIC AUTHORITY Asia 2008 TRAFFIC Southeast TRAFFIC Southeast © GUIDE TO VERIFICATION OF CITES PERMITS

CITES permit accompanying shipment

APPENDIX I Export permit or re-export certificate and import permit APPENDIX II Export permit or re-export certificate APPENDIX III Export permit or certificate of origin

Appropriate permit Failure to produce DENY produced appropriate permit ENTRY

Original copies of permit Photocopy or counterfeit DENY permit ENTRY

Permit was NOT modified Permit modified after issue DENY after issue ENTRY

Permit has NOT expired Permit has expired DENY ENTRY

Permit contains NO errors Permit contains errors or DENY or omissions omissions ENTRY

Permit is signed by the Permit is NOT signed by DENY official CITES Authority the official CITES authority ENTRY

Permit has a validated Permit has NO CITES CITES stamp* stamp* or stamp* is NOT DENY validated ENTRY

Content of shipment is in Content of shipment NOT compliance in compliance DENY (number and species) (number and species) ENTRY

ALLOW * Where applicable (not all countries use CITES stamps) Adapted from Environment Canada ** Check to see if species is subject to any other form of control ENTRY** Measurements and Glossary Measurements

Head and Body Length Carapace (Top Shell) Length

Tail Length

Radiated Tortoise Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA Total Length is measured Total Length from the tip of the beak to the end of the tail.

Credit: CITES MA, Switzerland Shoulder Lay the bird gently on its Height back to measure.

CM

Image Credit: Vincent Nijman

Glossary Carapace Scute: Carapace: Plastron:

Horny or bony external Top part of a turtle's shell, Bottom part of a turtle's plate, scale on a crocodile covering its back. Usually shell, covering its or the shell of a turtle covered with scutes stomach. Scute Plastron (scales) or soft skin

Image Credit: Environment Canada

© TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2008 Southeast TRAFFIC © Credit: CITES MA, Switzerland

June 2008 Bos gaurus (now B. frontalis) - Gaur and Bos javanicus - Banteng

Gaur Banteng α Other Names: Seladang (Malaysia), Pyoung (Myanmar) Tsaine (Myanmar) International Conservation Status: Gaur: CITES Appendix I Distribution: Bangladesh; Bhutan; Cambodia; India; Lao PDR; Cambodia; Indonesia; Lao PDR; Malaysia; Myanmar; Malaysia; Myanmar; Nepal; Thailand; Viet Nam Thailand; Viet Nam IUCN: Gaur VU; Banteng EN Physical Characteristics: Height at shoulder: 165 - 220cm, Head and Body Height at Shoulder: 120 - 190cm, Head and Body Length: 180 - 225cm, Length: 250 - 330cm, Tail Length: 70 - 105cm, Tail Length: 65 - 70cm, Weight: 400 - 900kg Weight: 650 - 1,000kg

Distinguishing Features: Traded as: As horns and skulls, meat. Bos gaurus (B. frontalis) - Gaur Bos javanicus - Banteng

A A BA

Flattened Round at A BA at the base the base Hairless A bony ridge

Concave skull Switzerland Credit: CITES MA A Credit: CITES MA Switzerland MA Credit: CITES Body deep brown, black or grey. Horn Length: 95cm Body dark brown to black (male), BA Lower legs white. Horn Circumference: 56cm light brown (female). Lower legs and rump white. BA

Horns on sale A: Banteng Horns B: Gaur Horns Yellow with Credit: TRAFFIC SEA black tip

Horn Length: 87cm Credit: Claire Beastall Juvenile Male Banteng Horn Circumference: 48cm Credit: Mark Auliya/TSEA Similar to: Bubalus arnee - Water Buffalo Bos taurus - Domestic Cow Budorcas taxicolor - Takin CITES Appendix II Flat

Horns are black Horns may be Grooves Flattened ribbed at the base

Horn Length: 149cm, Horn Length: 63.5cm, Banteng Horns on sale Gaur Horns on sale Horn Circumference: 58cm Horn Circumference: 33cm Credit: TRAFFIC SEA Credit: TRAFFIC SEA © TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2008 Southeast TRAFFIC © Image Source: Environment Canada unless stated

α Check current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org March 2008 Capricornis spp. - Serow spp.

α Serow International Conservation Status: All Capricornis species listed in: Other Names: Kambing Gurun (Malaysia), Taw sai (Myanmar) CITES Appendix I, (except C. crispus - Japanese Serow and C. swinhoei - Formosan/Taiwanese Serow)

Distribution: Bangladesh; Bhutan; Cambodia; China; India; Indonesia (Sumatra); Japan; IUCN: Varies LR - VU (not all listed) Lao PDR; Malaysia; Myanmar; Nepal; Taiwan; Thailand; Viet Nam

Physical Characteristics: Head and body length: 140 - 155cm; Shoulder Height: 85 - 94cm; Tail length: 11 - 16cm; Horn Length: 15 - 25.5cm Credit: Claire Beastall Distinguishing Features: Traded as: Most often as body parts (horns, head, forelegs etc.) for medicine and as meat.

Serow Horn Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA Credit: Claire Beastall _ Credit: Chris Shepherd /TSEA _ Long ears, Serow Horns Short neck, thick, stiff mane from the crown to the shoulders Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA Credit: Claire Beastall _ (may be brown or white in colour). Obvious gland under Coat is coarse and varies in colour: brown-greyish-black, reddish the each eye _ Underparts may be lighter Similar to: - Naemorhedus spp. Goral spp. Dark stripe All listed in CITES Appendix I down middle Head and body length: 82 - 130cm; Rendering Oil from of the back Head & Legs Shoulder Height: 57 - 78.5cm; Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA Tail length: 7 - 20cm Serow Head Horn Length: 7.8 - 12cm Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA _ White patch _ Smaller body and horns than Capricornis spp. _ No obvious gland under the eye _ Coat colour: grey to dark brown or red Underparts: usually lighter Black line Rendering Oil from Serow Skin Distribution: Bhutan; China; India; Myanmar; Korea; Lao PDR; on foreleg Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA Head & Legs Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA

© TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2008 Asia Southeast TRAFFIC © Nepal; Pakistan; Russian Federation; Thailand

α Check current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org January 2008 Pantholops hodgsonii - Tibetan Antelope

α Tibetan Antelope International Conservation CITES Appendix I Other Names: Chiru (English), Tsod (Tibetan), Zanglingyang (Chinese)

IUCN: EN Distribution: China (Qinghai, Xingjiang); India (Jammu-Kashmir)

Physical Characteristics: Height at the Shoulder: Up to 85cm, Weight: Up to 40kg NOTE: You should contact local experts for further definitive identification. Credit: Tony Lynam Distinguishing Features: Traded as: Skins and processed into Products made of Tibetan Antelope hair are known as Shahtoosh. shawls. Occasionally as horns Shahtoosh shawls are softer, thinner and less dense than others. Smooth Rings only (also used in medicine). Vendors may show this by passing a shawl through a ring. at the front - Mostly off-white and brownish beige (but can be dyed any colour). White is usually the most expensive. - The weaver may sew his/her initials on one corner of the shawl - Often has delicate embroidery all over or just along the edge of the shawl Credit: WWF China - Shawls often edged with a short fringe - May have a fine but distinct diamond weave pattern (visible with a magnifying lens)

Shahtoosh is made from the under fur and does not contain very long hairs - but may see a few short light coloured "guard hairs" which are coarser than human hair and crimped or crinkled. Chiru Horns (found only on males) are very distinctive. Image Credit: Environment Canada Confiscated Shatoosh shawls Credit: NRECD, Thailand

Credit: US Fish & Wildlife Credit: US Fish & Wildlife

Similar to: - Pashmina which is made from the hair of the Cashmere Goat can look similar. Much cheaper than shahtoosh

- Can appear similar to shahtoosh: light weight, soft, with or without diamond weave pattern. Loose woven shawls can be passed through a ring as they have less fabric in them. Decorated Chiru skulls and horns - Traditionally the fringes on pashmina shawls are longer and are often twisted. Credit: US Fish & Wildlife Credit: US Fish & Wildlife Credit: WWF China © TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2008 Southeast TRAFFIC ©

α Check current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org May 2008 Saiga tatarica - Saiga Antelope

α Saiga Antelope International Conservation Status: CITES Appendix II Other Names: IUCN: CR

Distribution: Khazakhstan; Mongolia; Russian Federation; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan

Physical Characteristics: Head and Body Length: 108 - 146cm; Tail Length: 6 - 13cm; Weight: 21 - 51kg Illustration Credit: Environment Canada Distinguishing Features of Saiga Horns: Traded as: Whole horns and horn shavings Common inscription used to Different from any other horn. describe Saiga Antelope Horn on the packaging of Traditional Only males have horns and these are: Medicine products

- Are solid at the base Saiga Antelope Horn - Are semi-transparent Chinese - Are light waxy brown in colour Character: - Are almost round in cross-section Pinyin: Ling Yang Jiao - Are slightly curved Credit: TRAFFIC SEA Shaved Saiga Horn Credit: Claire Beastall - Measure up to 30cm (along the curve)

Credit: TRAFFIC SEA Credit: TRAFFIC SEA Saiga Horns on sale Credit: TRAFFIC SEA

Examples of Packaging of Up to Saiga Horn 30cm Products Credit: TRAFFIC SEA

Credit: Environment Canada Credit: Environment Canada Credit: TRAFFIC SEA Credit: TRAFFIC SEA © TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2008 Southeast TRAFFIC ©

α Check current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org March 2008 Multi-tined Antlers

α Deer Antlers International Conservation Status: Other deer antlers are traded - these are representatives of those most often found in trade Are only found on adult male deer CITES listing varies. Shed and regrown at regular intervals (unlike horns which are permanent). Axis porcinus - Cervus nippon - Length: Rucervus (Cervus) duvaucelli - around 92cm Traded as: Hog Deer Sika Deer Barasingha Deer Whole antlers, antler velvet and other IUCN: EN, Axis porcinus annamaticus IUCN: LC, Cervus nippon pseudaxis CITES Appendix I ingredients for tradiional medicine (from Viet Nam) listed as CR (from Viet Nam) listed as CR IUCN: EN

Circumference: around 14cm Usually 10 - 15 tines 3 Tines Similar to Rucervus eldi Antlers smooth Forked at Adult males often the tipp have 5 tines

Small third Top prongs point prong at directly up base Credit: Valerius Geist Credit: Valerius points Geist Credit: Valerius up Credit: CITES MA, Switzerland Head & Body Length: 140 - 150cm Head & Body Length: 950 - 180cm Head & Body Length: up to 180cm Tail Length: 17 - 21cm Tail Length: 75 - 150cm Tail Length: 12 - 20cm Height at shoulder: 65 - 72cm Height at shoulder: 650 - 110cm Height at shoulder: 119 - 124cm Weight: 70 - 110kg Weight: up to 80kg Weight: up to 81kg Credit: TRAFFIC Southeast Asia Distribution: Bangladesh; Cambodia; China; Distribution: China; Japan; Russian Distribution: India; Nepal Length: India; Myanmar; Nepal; Pakistan; Thailand Federation; Taiwan; Viet Nam 75 - 108cm

Rucervus (Cervus) eldii - Tines point in at the top Rusa (Cervus) unicolor - Tines point Cervus timorensis - Eld's Deer Antlers rough Sambar Deer straight up Javan Deer CITES Appendix I IUCN: VU IUCN: LR IUCN: EN

Circumference: 12.5 - 19cm Circumference: 8.5 Circumference: 10 - 24cm - 17.8cm Credit: TRAFFIC Southeast Asia Brow tine forms continuous curve with the Wide

Credit: CITES MA, Switzerland Credit: CITES main branch 2 year old males have 1 point 3 year old males Angled Head & Body Length: 150 - 170cm Head & Body Length: 170 - 270cm have 2 points Head & Body Length: 130 - 210cm Tail Length: 22 - 50cm Tail Length: 22 - 35cm Tail Length: 10 - 30cm straight up Height at shoulder: 120 - 130cm Height at shoulder: 120 - 150cm Height at shoulder: 80 - 110cm Weight: 95 - 150kg Weight: 150 - 300kg Weight: 50 - 115kg Distribution: Cambodia; India; Lao PDR; Distribution: Cambodia; China; Distribution: Indonesia Myanmar; Thailand; Viet Nam India; Indonesia; Lao PDR; Antler Length: 85 - Antler Length: Antler Length: Credit: TRAFFIC Southeast Asia Malaysia; Myanmar; Philippines; 117cm 38 - 108cm 45 - 98cm

© TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2008 Southeast TRAFFIC © Sri Lanka; Thailand; Viet Nam

Image Source: Environment Canada unless stated

α Check current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org March 2008 Moschus spp. - Musk Deer Spp.

α Musk Deer spp. International Conservation Status: CITES Appendix I: Musk Deer from Afghanistan, Other Names: Kado gaow (Myanmar) Bhutan, India, Myanmar, Nepal and Pakistan. CITES Appendix II: All Musk Deer from other places.

Distribution: Afghanistan; Bhutan; China; India; Korea (North & South); Lao PDR; Mongolia; Myanmar; Nepal; Pakistan; Russian Federation; Viet Nam IUCN: varies from LC to EN depending on the species .

Physical Characteristics: Head and Body Length: 70 - 100cm, Shoulder Height: 50 - 61cm, Tail Length: 1.8 - 6cm. Weight: 7 - 17kg Credit: WWF-Canon / GeraldCat HOLLOWAY S. CUBITT Distinguishing Features: Traded as: Musk - For Traditional Medicine - traded either as whole glands or processed (most often as oils, sprays, medicated plasters and raw musk powder).

Musk Gland Examples of Musk Deer Product Packaging Credit: TRAFFIC Credit: TRAFFIC

Credit: WWF-Canon / Grigori MAZMANYAN - No antlers. - Rump about 5 cm higher than shoulder. - Body covered with long thick bristly hairs, often white at the base. - Colour: varies, generally dark brown, mottled and speckled with light grey above and paler beneath. Common inscriptions used to describe musk deer - Chin, inner border of ears and inside of thighs on the packaging of Traditional Medicine products The Musk Gland: whitish, may have white spot on each side of the throat. - Found between the navel and the genitals of male Musk Deer Musk Deer Musk over three years of age. Upper canine teeth - Those in trade are around 4 - 6cm long, 3.5 - 4.5cm wide and Chinese of males as tusks 4 - 5cm deep Character: around 7.5cm long, - The gland is removed from the animal and dried. smaller in females. - The secretion inside becomes granular (coloured red-brown to Pinyin: Lu She She Xiang black) and powdery. Roman: Moschus, Cervi Moschus

Credit: WWF-Canon / Grigori MAZMANYAN © TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2008 Southeast TRAFFIC ©

α Check current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org January 2008 Felidae (1) - Cats

α Cats International Conservation Status: All Cats (except the domestic cat) are listed in Physical CITES Appendix I or II Characteristics: Head and Body length: varies 37 - 280cm Tail Length: 5.1 - 110cm Weight: 1.5 - 306kg

Leopard Cat Kitten Credit: WWF-Canon / Alain COMPOST Distinguishing Features:

Skull: Teeth: Felidae (Cat family) Skull Rounded and shortened a) b) 28 - 30 teeth {

c) d) {

a) b)

Leopard Credit: WWF-Canon / Martin HARVEY a) Front Teeth (Incisors): Small and in a line (Top: 3; Bottom: 3) x 2 Head: Rounded and short Tiger (Panthera tigris) Skull Body: Lithe, muscular, compact, deep chested Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA b) Mammae (nipples): 2 - 4 Fang (Canine): Long, sharp, slightly curved Feet: Front - 5 digits; Back - 4 digits. Pads naked. (Top: 1; Bottom: 1) x 2 Canidae (Dog family) Skull Elongated c) Cutting (carnassial/pre-molar) Teeth: Large (Top: 2 - 3; Bottom: 2) x 2 Claws: Tongue: 42 teeth Suited for Suited for d) Grinding (molar) Teeth: Upper - small laceration laceration (Top: 1; Bottom: 1) x 2 Domestic Cat claws Credit: Claire Beastall Tiger Viverridae (Civet family) Skull Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA Long and flattened Image Credit: Tim Lawlor 32 - 40 teeth Ears: May be pointed or rounded Traded as: Ursidae (Bear family) Skull Eyes: Pupils contract vertically Skins, bones, meat, teeth, claws, Massive Mustelidae (Otter family) Skull 40 - 42 teeth ingredients for traditional medicine Asian Golden Cat Jungle Cat Sturdy with short face Credit: WWF-Canon / Credit: WWF-Canon / 28 - 38 teeth and as living animals Gerald S. CUBITT Roger HOOPER Image Credit: Tim Lawlor © TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2008 Southeast TRAFFIC ©

α Check current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org January 2008 Felidae (2) Southeast Asian Cats listed in CITES Appendix I

α Southeast Asian Cats listed in International Conservation Status: CITES Appendix I All other cats (except domestic cat) are listed in CITES Appendix II Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA

Panthera tigris - Tiger Panthera pardus - Leopard Head & Body Length: Head & Body Length: 91 - 191cm, 140 - 180cm, Tail Length: 45 - 78cm Tail Length: 60 - 95cm Weight: 45 - 65kg Weight: 180 - 245kg Leopards with black coats found in some locations - Credit: WWF-Canon / Mike GRIFFITHS Credit: WWF-Canon / Gerald S. CUBITT (spots visible in sunlight). Credit: Julia Ng/TSEA Credit: TSEA Credit: WWF-Canon / Martin HARVEY Uncia uncia - Snow Leopard Neofelis nebulosa - Clouded Leopard Head & Body Length: Head & Body Length: 100 - 130cm, 61 - 106cm, Tail Length: 80 - 100cm Tail Length: 55 - 91cm Weight: 30 - 55kg Weight: 15 - 23kg Fur is longer than other Southeast Asian cat Credit: WWF-Canon / Martin HARVEY species, thick on the belly. Credit: WWF-Canon / Gerald S. CUBITT Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA Credit: WWF-Canon / Gerald S. CUBITT Catopuma temmincki - Asian Golden Cat Pardofelis marmorata - Marbled Cat Prionailurus planiceps - Flat-headed Cat Prionailurus bengalensis - Leopard Cat - Relatively plain coat. - Red-orange or yellowish with black spots over - Coat colour variable upperparts including tail. (golden-brown to light Underparts white with brown to greyish to black). black spots.

- Usually darker along - Similar to, but much spine and paler smaller than Prionailurus underneath. viverrinus - Fishing Cat (Head and body length: Credit: WWF-Canon / Gerald S CUBITT - Tail dark above, pale Credit: Claire Beastall 72 - 78cm). Credit: WWF-Malalysia / Ken SCRIVEN Note: Some animals below, often with dark tip. - Small ears, top of head Credit: WWF-Malaysia / E.P. Gee from Myanmar may have - Fur very thick. long and flattened. extensive dark spots and NOTE: Only populations Head & Body Length: - Similar to Neofelis Head & Body Length: Coat appears deep red. Head & Body Length: stripes. Face and tail - Head & Body Length: in Bangladesh; India and 76 - 84cm, nebulosa but smaller, 45 - 53cm, Hair of upperparts brown 44 - 50cm, same as more common 40 - 55cm, Thailand are CITES I. Tail Length: 43 - 50cm more black spots on legs. Tail Length: 47 - 55cm with fine grey and pale buff Tail Length: 13 - 17cm form. Tail Length: 23 - 29cm All other populations are Weight: 12 - 15kg Weight: 2 - 4kg speckles. Weight: 1.5 - 2.2kg Weight: 3 - 5kg CITES II. © TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2008 Southeast TRAFFIC ©

α Check current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org January 2008 Felidae (3) (Cats) - Parts and Derivatives commonly found in Trade

α Felidae (Cats) - Parts and Derivatives International Conservation Status: All Cats (except the domestic cat) are listed on commonly found in Trade CITES Appendix I or II Traded as: Bones, meat, teeth, claws, ingredients for traditional medicine. (For details on skin identification see CITES I Southeast Asian Cat Species).

Leopard Cat Kitten Credit: WWF-Canon / Alain COMPOST

Bones: Teeth: Claws: As whole bones... REAL TIGER FAKE TIGER Almost semi-circular May be translucent TOOTH TOOTH Pale yellow/amber in colour Pronounced structure on the bony end (planar process)

Crown Has 1 or more (section of Grooves tooth visible in the mouth)

Credit: USFWS Photo Pronounced structure on the bony end (planar process) Tiger (Panthera tigris) Skull Confiscated Tiger Bone Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA Root Fangs Penis: ...or as an ingredient in Traditional Medicine. (section of (Canine teeth) tooth hidden A Tiger Penis is definitely a fake if it ... tend to crack Common inscriptions used to Examples of Tiger Bone in the gum) when dry 1. Has very obvious barbs or spines covering the tip describe Tiger Bone and Product Packaging 2. Has a large penis bone visible on X-ray Credit: TRAFFIC Leopard Bone on the packaging 3. Is more than 20cm long of Traditional Medicine products Tiger tooth - Real and Fake Chinese Pinyin: Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA Penis from freshly Character: killed Leopard Tiger Penis Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA Credit: C. Beastall Tiger Bone Hu Gu Barbs are hardly visible on genuine tiger penis Fake Tiger Penis Credit: Leong/TSEA Leopard Bao Gu Teeth may be carved The skin is real, the teeth are Bone Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA fake. The original teeth were probably sold separately Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA © TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2008 Southeast TRAFFIC ©

α Check current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org January 2008 Southeast Asian Otters α International Conservation Status: Southeast Asian Otters All Lutrinae spp. are listed in CITES Appendix II, except for Lutra lutra which is listed in CITES Appendix I Other Names: Memerang (Malaysia) Physical Characteristics: Brown with paler throat, dense fur, long slim body, webbed feet, long muscular tail Southeast Asian Otters - Head and Body length: 36 - 80cm, Tail Length: 22.5 - 48cm Lutra perspicillata (Smooth Otter) Distinguishing Features: Credit: Claire Beastall Anoyx cinerea Lutra sumatrana Traded as: Asian Small-clawed Otter Hairy-nosed Otter Skins, live for the pet trade CITES Appendix II CITES Appendix II IUCN: VU IUCN: EN

Head and body length: 36 - 55cm, Head and body length: 50 - 80cm Tail length: 25 - 35cm Tail length: 37 - 50cm

- Small - Upperparts including side of neck - Dark brown to greyish-brown dark brown - Throat and side of neck pale - Irregular patches on chin and throat - Claws very small, do not - Tail round in cross section Otter skins - right: Lutra sumatrana (Hairy-nosed Otter), left: Lutra perspicillata (Smooth Otter) extend beyond the toe pads - Tip of nose covered in hair Credit: Annette Olsson/CI Cambodia Credit: Gerald S CUTBITT/WWF-Canon Distribution: Asia - in Southeast Asia: Brunei Darussalam; Cambodia; Indonesia; Distribution: Cambodia; Malaysia; Thailand; Viet Nam Similar to: Lao PDR; Malaysia; Myanmar; Philippines; Singapore; Thailand; Viet Nam Cynogale benettii - Otter Civet Credit: Annette Olsson/CI Cambodia Lutra lutra Lutra perspicillata CITES Appendix II IUCN: EN Eurasian Otter Smooth-coated Otter CITES Appendix II CITES Appendix II - Entirely dark IUCN: NT IUCN: VU brown Head and body length: 55 - 72cm Head and body length: 65 - 75cm - Short tail Tail length: 37.5 - 48cm Tail length: 40 - 45cm - Faint pale spot above each eye - “W”-shaped edge between fur - Fur smooth and shiny - White lips, very on face and bare nose - Throat and side of neck pale long white - Short fur with long paler hairs - Straight edge between fur on whiskers Credit: WWF_PHKA_VATech giving greyish effect face and bare nose - Tip of tail round in cross section - Tail slightly flattened in cross Head and body length: 57.5 - 68cm, Tail length: 12 - 20.5cm section. Credit: Claire Beastall Distribution: Brunei Darussalam; Indonesia; Distribution: Europe and Asia. Credit: Sanchex & Lopez/WWF-Canon Distribution: Bangladesh; Bhutan; Brunei Darussalam; Cambodia; China; India; Malaysia; Thailand. Uncertain presence in In Southeast Asia: Cambodia; Indonesia; Lao PDR; Myanmar; Thailand; Viet Nam Indonesia; Iraq; Lao PDR; Malaysia; Myanmar; Nepal; Pakistan; Thailand; Viet Nam China; Singapore; Viet Nam © TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2009 Southeast TRAFFIC ©

α Check current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org May 2009 Helarctos malayanus - Sun Bear

α Sun Bear: International Conservation Status: CITES Appendix I Other Names: Malay weh wan (Myanmar) IUCN: VU

Distribution: Bangladesh; Brunei Darussalam; Cambodia; China; India; Indonesia (Sumatra and Kalimantan); Lao PDR; Malaysia; Myanmar; Thailand;

Physical Characteristics: Head and Body Length: 100 - 140cm, Tail Length: 3 - 7cm Credit: Gabriella Fredriksson Distinguishing Features: Traded as: Live animals, stuffed animals, meat, claws, paws, teeth, skin, gall bladder, bile. 3 - 5.3cm.

Asiatic

Front Paw* Front Claw* Black Bear

2.4 - 3.2cm Sun Bear Sun Bear Paws Sun Bear Paw Chest Marking* Hind Paw* Hind Claw* Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA Credit: Klote

Common inscriptions used Similar to: Asiatic Black Bear - Ursus thibetanus to describe bear bile CITES Appendix I Bear Paws and other parts being rendered for oil Chinese Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA Character: 3 - 4.5cm Pinyin: Xiong Dan Sun Bear Gall Bladder Credit: Mei Hsiu Hwang

Front Paw* Front Claw*

1.8 - 3.6cm

Head and Body Length: 120 - 150cm Sun Bear Claws Stuffed Sun Bear Credit: Mei Hsiu Hwang Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA © TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2008 Southeast TRAFFIC © Tail Length: 6 - 10cm Chest Marking* Hind Paw* Hind Claw* * Image Source: Environment Canada

α Check current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org January 2008 Ursus thibetanus - Asiatic Black Bear

α Asiatic Black Bear: International Conservation Status: CITES Appendix I Other Names: Weh wan gyi (Myanmar) IUCN: VU (CR for subspecies found in Iran and Pakistan)

Distribution: Afghanistan; Bangladesh; Bhutan; Cambodia; China; India; Iran; Japan; Korea; Lao PDR; Myanmar; Nepal; Pakistan; Russian Federation; Taiwan; Thailand; Viet Nam

Physical Characteristics: Head and Body Length: 120 - 150cm, Tail Length: 6 - 10cm Credit: Claire Beastall Distinguishing Features: Traded as: Live animals, meat, claws, paws, teeth, skin, gall bladder, bile.

3 - 4.5cm Asiatic Black Front Paw* Front Claw* Bear Paw

1.8 - 3.6cm Sun Bear Paw Chest Marking* Hind Paw* Hind Claw*

Bear Paws and other parts being rendered for oil Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA Similar to: Helarctos malayanus - Sun Bear Bear Paws and Gall Bladders CITES APPENDIX I Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA

3 - 5.3cm

Common inscriptions used to describe bear bile Front Paw* Front Claw* Chinese Character:

2.4 - 3.2cm Pinyin: Xiong Dan Head and Body Length: 100 - 140cm, Bear Gall Bladder Removal of Gall Bladder from Bear Cub Tail Length: 3 - 7cm Chest Marking* Hind Paw* Hind Claw* Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA © TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2008 Southeast TRAFFIC © * Image Source: Environment Canada

α Check current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org January 2008 Hemigalus derbyanus - Banded Palm Civet & Chrotogale owstoni - Owston’s Civet Banded Palm Civet Owston’s Civet

Other Names: Musang belang (Malaysia) Other Names: Cầy vằn (Viet Nam)

Distribution: Brunei Darussalam (?); Indonesia (Kalimantan, Distribution: Cambodia (?); China; Lao PDR; Sumatra); Malaysia, Myanmar; Thailand Viet Nam

Physical Physical Characteristics: Head and Body length: 45 - 56cm, Characteristics: Head and Body length: 51 - 63cm, Tail length: 25 - 36cm Tail length: 38 - 48cm

Distinguishing Features: Traded as: Hemigalus derbyanus - Banded Palm Civet Chrotogale owstoni - Owston’s Palm Civet Live and for fur trade and CITES Appendix II Not CITES listed stuffed as souvenirs IUCN: VU IUCN: VU

- Body colour usually pale buff to golden-brown, paler underneath - Body colour varies from greyish-white to buffy-brown, paler underneath - Distinct dark brown or black bars across back, - Broad black bands across back - Dark longitudinal stripes on neck and face. - Stripes on neck and face - Tail mostly dark brown, banded only at base. - Pattern varies between individuals - Base of tail banded, dark at end

Dark spots on sides of neck and legs.

Credit: Barney Long/FFI Vietnam

Credit: Chan Ah Lak Credit: Scott Roberton © TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2009 Southeast TRAFFIC ©

α Check current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org May 2009 Prionodon pardicolor - Spotted Linsang & Prionodon linsang - Banded Linsang Spotted Linsang Banded Linsang

Other Names: Cầy gấm (Viet Nam) Other Names: Linsang (Malaysia)

Distribution: Cambodia; China; India; Lao PDR; Myanmar; Distribution: Brunei Darussalam; Indonesia; Malaysia; Nepal; Thailand; Viet Nam Myanmar; Thailand

Physical Physical Characteristics: Head and Body length: 35 - 37cm, Characteristics: Head and Body length: 35 - 45cm, Traded as: Tail length: 31 - 34cm Tail length: 30 - 42cm For fur trade and stuffed as souvenirs

Distinguishing Features:

Prionodon pardicolor - Spotted Linsang Prionodon linsang - Banded Linsang

CITES Appendix I CITES Appendix II IUCN: LC IUCN: LC

- Whitish to light brown to orange buff - Whitish to golden or buff in colour

- Many irregular black spots on back and sides of body - Pattern of dark large brown spots which merge into about 5 dark transverse bands on upper parts and

- Dark lines on the side of the neck longitudinal bands on sides of neck - 7 black and pale bands around the tail - Spots tend to remain separate

Large spots which merge into 5 dark bands 8 or 9 complete dark bands around the tail 7 complete dark bands around the tail Spots on back and sides of body

Credit: Barney Long/WWF Credit: Sergio Baffoni © TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2009 Southeast TRAFFIC ©

α Check current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org May 2009 Arctictis binturong - Binturong

Binturong International Conservation Status: α Other Names: Bear Cat (English) Listed in CITES Appendix III by India

Distribution Bangladesh; Bhutan; Brunei Darussalam; Cambodia; China; India; Indonesia; IUCN: VU Lao PDR; Malaysia; Myanmar; Nepal; Philippines; Thailand; Viet Nam

Physical Characteristics: Head and Body length: 65 - 95cm, Tail Length: 50 - 80cm Weight: 6 - 9kg Credit: David Lawson/WWF-Canon

Distinguishing Features: Traded as: - Long coarse black fur with some white or red hairs As skins and live as young animals for the pet trade - Lighter fur found mostly on head, making head lighter than the body

Credit: Claire Beastall Credit: Claire Beastall Credit: TRAFFIC Southeast Asia Tail prehensile Long tail with thick Ears round, edged in (able to grasp hair, especially white with long tufts objects) near the base of hair at ends © TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2009 Southeast TRAFFIC ©

α Check current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org May 2009 Rhinocerotidae spp. - Rhinoceros spp. α International Conservation Status: Rhinocerotidae CITES Appendix I Populations of Ceratotherium simum simum Other Names: Badak (Malaysia) from South Africa and Swaziland are listed Three species are found In Asia: in Appendix II Dicerorhinus sumatrensis - Sumatran Rhinoceros: Indonesia (Kalimantan, Sumatra); Malaysia; Thailand IUCN: Dicerorhinus sumatrensis, Rhinoceros Rhinoceros sondaicus - Javan Rhinoceros: Indonesia (Java); Malaysia (extinct?); Viet Nam sondaicus, Diceros bicornis: CR, Rhinoceros Rhinoceros unicornis - Indian/One-horned Rhinoceros: Bhutan; India; Nepal unicornis: VU, Ceratotherium simum: NT Two species are found in Africa: Diceros bicornis - Black Rhinoceros and Ceratotherium simum - White Rhinoceros (Northern populations of C. simum: CR) Physical Dicerorhinus sumatrensis Characteristics: Shoulder Height: 100 - 180cm, Weight: 0.6 - 2.7 tonnes Credit: Claire Beastall

Distinguishing Features: As whole animal, cannot be mistaken for Traded as: Horns, skins and trophies anything else NOTE: Traders often prefer the horn to have some skin attached as proof that is real. Dicerorhinus sumatrensis - Rhinoceros horn is made of keratin (same as hair and fingernails). Sumatran Rhinoceros Rhinoceros skin may be up to 5cm thick. Shoulder Height: 100 - 150cm Weight: 0.6 - 0.95 tonnes Common inscription used to describe rhinoceros horn on the packaging of Confiscated Rhinoceros Horn Two Horns: Front horn 25 - 79cm, Credit: WWF-Canon / Mark ATKINSON second horn usually under 10cm Traditional Medicine products Rhinoceros Horn Chinese Rhinoceros sondaicus - Character: Javan Rhinoceros Shoulder Height: 150 - 170cm Weight: 0.9 - 2.3 tonnes Single Horn: 25cm in males, females have smaller or no horn.

Rhinoceros unicornis - Indian/One-horned Rhinoceros Shoulder Height: 175 - 200cm Weight: 1.8 - 2.7 tonnes

Single Horn: 20 - 61cm Ceratotherium simum foot Ceratotherium simum simum horns. Rhinoceros Horn is used in the manufacture of Credit: Environment Canada Note the look of the worn areas of the horn dagger handles in the Yemen Credit: WWF-Canon / Martin HARVEY Credit: WWF-Canon / Esmond Bradley MARTIN © TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2008 Southeast TRAFFIC © Image Source: Environment Canada

α Check current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org May 2008 Manis spp. - Pangolin spp.

α Pangolin International Conservation Status: CITES Appendix II : Zero Quota: Other Names: Thing kway jut (Myanmar) Te Te (VN) International Trade in wild caught Asian Pangolins for commercial purposes is NOT permitted IUCN: Varies up to EN Distribution: Africa and Asia

Physical Characteristics: Head & Body Length: 425 - 550mm, Tail Length: 160 - 470mm, Weight: 5-7kg

Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA Distinguishing Features: Prehensile tail Traded as: Usually transported as live animals, also seen as frozen whole animals, scales, leather, foetus, meat and medicine

No teeth

Conical shaped head

Credit: WWF-Malayaia / Stephen Hogg

Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA Pangolin Seizure Removing Scales from Skin Credit: Royal Thai Police Credit: TRAFFIC SEA Similar to: No other group of animals There are 8 species of Pangolins: 4 are found in Africa, 1 is found in South Asia. Common inscriptions used to There are 3 species native to Southeast Asia. describe pangolin NOTE: Distinguishing between Manis javanica and Manis culionensis is difficult. Pangolin Scales Chinese Credit: Julia Ng/TSEA Manis pentadacyla (Chinese Pangolin) Manis javanica (Malayan Pangolin) and Character: Manis culionensis* (Palawan/Philippine Pangolin) Pinyin: Chuan Shan Jia - Claws of hind feet less than twice as long - Claws of hind feet more than twice as long as those on fore feet as those on fore feet

- 20 or fewer scales along tail edge - More than 20 scales along tail edge Distribution: Cambodia; China; Hong Kong; Distribution: Brunei Darussalam; Cambodia; Indonesia; India; Lao PDR; Myanmar; Nepal; Taiwan; Lao PDR; Malaysia; Myanmar; Singapore; Thailand; Viet Nam Thailand; Viet Nam Pangolin Foetuses Pangolin Leather Bag *Distribution: Palawan and Culion Islands, Philippines Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA Credit: James Compton/TSEA © TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2008 Southeast TRAFFIC ©

α Check current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org January 2008 Primates - Apes and Monkeys

α Primates International Conservation Status: All are at least CITES Appendix II. See below for Southeast Asian Primates listed in CITES Appendix I

Distinguishing Features: All primates have: - Forward facing eyes CITES I listed Southeast Asian Primates: Traded as: Live animals, meat, skulls, parts for medicine - Short snout, flat face Nycticebus spp. (All Loris species) IUCN: Varies up to EN - Nails instead of claws Distribution: Bangladesh; Brunei Darussalam; Cambodia; China; India; Indonesia; Lao PDR; Malaysia; Myanmar; Philippines; - Four limbs Thailand; Viet Nam Presbytis potenziani (Mentawai Leaf Monkey) IUCN: EN Distribution: Indonesia (Mentawai Islands)

Simias concolor (Pig-tailed Langur) IUCN: CR Siamang at Market Distribution: Indonesia (Mentawai Islands) Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA Nasalis larvatus Nasalis larvatus (Proboscis Monkey) (Proboscis Monkey) Credit: WWF - Canon / Alain COMPOST Macaca nemestrina IUCN: EN (Southern Pig-tailed Distribution: Brunei Darussalam; Indonesia (Kalimantan), Nycticebus coucang Trachypithecus cristatus Macaque) Malaysia (Sabah and Sarawak) (Sunda Slow Loris) (Silvered Langur) Credit: WWF Malaysia / Chew Yen Fook Credit: Claire Beastall Credit: Claire Beastall Rhinopithecus spp. (All Snub-nosed Monkeys) IUCN: Varies up to CR Distribution: China; Viet Nam

Pygathrix spp. (All Douc Langurs) IUCN: Varies up to CR Distribution: Cambodia; Lao PDR, Viet Nam Orangutan at Theme Park Gibbons and orangutans Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA do not have a tail Hylobatidae spp. (All Gibbons and Siamang) IUCN: Varies up to CR Distribution: Bangladesh; Brunei Darussalam; Cambodia; China; India; Indonesia; Lao PDR; Malaysia; Myanmar; Thailand; Viet Nam

Nomascus gabriellae Pongo abelii young animal Hominidae spp. (All Great Apes) - Includes Orangutan Pygathrix nemaeus (Buff-cheeked Gibbon) (Sumatran Orangutan) Pongo spp. (Sumatran and Bornean Orangutans) (Red-shanked Douc Langur) Credit: Claire Beastall Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA IUCN: Varies up to CR Credit: WWF - Canon / Martin HARVEY Distribution: Indonesia (Sumatra and Kalimantan); Malaysia (Sabah, Sarawak). Monkey Skull on sale Credit: Claire Beastall © TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2008 Southeast TRAFFIC ©

α Check current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org June 2008 Nycticebus spp. - Loris spp.

α Loris International Conservation Status: CITES Appendix I Other Names: Kongkang (Malaysia), Culi (Viet Nam) IUCN: Varies up to EN

Distribution: Bangladesh; Brunei Darussalam; Cambodia; China; India; Indonesia; Lao PDR; Malaysia; Myanmar; Philippines; Thailand; Viet Nam

Physical

Characteristics: Head and Body Length: 21 - 38cm, Tail Length: up to 2.5cm Credit: WWFM / M. Kavanagh

Distinguishing Features: Traded as: Live animals, skinned or prepared for food or traditional medicine. Large eyes

Dark rings around the eyes

Wet nose

Small ears

Five toes on each foot

Short or no visible tail Loris prepared for Traditional Medicine Loris in Market Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA Credit: Claire Beastall Credit: WWFM / MPS

Similar to:

Tarsius spp. Very large eyes Tarsier CITES Appendix II Very large ears Head and Body Length: 9.5 - 15cm, Tail Length: up to 20 - 24cm Distribution: Brunei Darussalam; Five toes on each foot Indonesia; Malaysia; Philippines Loris in Market Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA Tail much longer than body

Loris Skins Loris prepared for Traditional Medicine .. Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA

© TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2008 Southeast TRAFFIC © Credit: WWF-Canon / Jurgen FREUND

α Check current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org January 2008 Macaca fascicularis - Long-tailed Macaque

Long-tailed Macaque α International Conservation CITES Appendix II Other Names: Kera (Malaysia), Mieo tangar (Myanmar)

IUCN: LC Distribution: Bangladesh; Brunei Darussalam; Cambodia; Hong Kong; India; Indonesia; Lao PDR; Malaysia; Mauritius; Myanmar; Palau; Philippines, Singapore;

Physical Characteristics: Head and Body Length: 38 - 65cm, Tail Length: 40 - 55cm, Adult Weight: Male: 4.7 - 8.3kg, Female: 2.5 - 5.7kg Credit: WWFM / Chew Yen Fook

Distinguishing Features: Traded as: Live animals for the pet trade, often as young animals, also as meat Hair on crown of head grows backwards Adults and (often resulting in crest) juveniles may be transported in Pinkish face baskets Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA Long tail Males: Cheek whiskers, moustache Females: Beard Infants: Born black

Coat: varies from grey to reddish-brown - underparts lighter Infant Long-tailed Macaques Credit: WWFM / Stephen Hogg Credit: WWFM / Gerald Cubitt Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA

Similar to: Within Southeast Asia - other brown macaques Macaca arctoides - Stump-tailed Macaque Macaca assamensis - Assamese Macaque Macaca mulatta - Rhesus Macaque Macaca nemestrina* and Macaca leonina Southern* and Northern Pig-Tailed Macaques Tail Length: 1.4 - 6.9cm Tail Length: 20 - 29cm Tail Length:19 - 30cm Tail Length: 13 - 24.5cm

Tail: almost hairless Coat varies from yellowish Coat brown. Tail: often held curved, to darkish brown. thinly furred or naked Face: hairless and mottled deep red and black Face: hairless and light red Face light red, rump red Coat: brown above, in adults white beneath. Infants: born white Adult Weight: Hindquarters: greyish Male: 5.6 - 10.9kg, Head: dark brown Adult Weight: Female: 4.4 - 10.9kg Male: 4.7 - 8.3kg, Adult Weight: Adult Weight: Female: 2.5 - 5.7kg Male: 7.9 - 15kg, Male: 6.2 - 14.5kg, Female: 4.9 - 8.6kg Female: 4.7 - 10.9kg Credit: Tilo Nadler Credit: Tilo Nadler Credit: WWF-Canon / Martin HARVEY Credit*: WWFM / Stephen Hogg © TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2008 Southeast TRAFFIC ©

α Check current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org March 2008 Elephas maximus & Loxodonta africana - Elephant

α Elephant International Conservation Status: Other Names: Gajah (MY), Voi (VN) CITES Appendix I Distribution: Loxodonta africana populations of Botswana, Namibia, Asian Elephant Bangladesh; Bhutan; Brunei Darussalam; Cambodia; China; India; Indonesia; Lao PDR; South Africa and Zimbabwe CITES Appendix II** (Elephas maximus): Malaysia; Myanmar; Nepal; Sri Lanka; Thailand; Viet Nam IUCN: Elephas maximus - EN African Elephant Angola; Benin; Botswana; Burkina Faso; Cameroon; Central African Republic; Chad; (Loxodonta africana): Congo; Democratic Republic of Congo; Cote d'Ivoire; Equatorial Guinea; Eritrea; Ethiopia; Loxodonta africana - NT Gabon; Ghana; Guinea; Guinea Bissau; Kenya; Liberia; Malawi; Mali; Mozambique; Namibia; Niger; Nigeria; Rwanda; Senegal; Sierra Leone; Somalia; South Africa; Sudan; Tanzania; Togo; Uganda; Zimbabwe Credit: Chris Shepherd/TRAFFIC Southeast Asia Physical Characteristics: Height to shoulder: Up to 4 metres, Weight: Up to 10 tonnes Similar to: No other animal as a living specimen Traded as: Live animals (for the trekking and tourist industry), tusks or As Tusk or Carved: worked ivory, teeth, skull and other bones, hair, skin, trophies Natural Substitutes: Mammoth Tusk (extinct 10,000 years ago), Narwal Tusk, Walrus Tusk or Tooth, Whale Tooth, Wart Hog Tusk, Hippopotamus Tooth, Bone, Helmeted Hornbill Casque, Tagua Palm Nuts Artificial Substitutes: Resin, Casein

Distinguishing Elephant Ivory from substitutes: Under ultra violet light: - Mammoth and elephant ivory looks white/blue fluorescent - Mammoth ivory may show brown or blue-green blemishes Elephant Hair and Elephant Teeth - Elephant ivory does not Elephant Hair rings Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA Elephant Skin Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA Schreger Lines: Whole Elephant Natural lines found only on polished cross section of natural elephant or mammoth ivory. Tusk Use those on the edge of the tusk to distinguish between elephant and mammoth ivory. Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA

1. Use a photocopy machine to get an Carved Elephant image of the ivory. Tusk Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA 2. Put a transparent sheet between the object and the glass and enlarging the Average Schreger line image to make it clearer. angle: over 100 degrees 3. Mark selected angles on the photocopy and extend them so that Average Schreger line angle: you can measure them. under 100 degrees 4. Measure a few of these angles and work out the average of these. Elephant Ivory Mammoth Ivory Chopsticks made from Carved souvenirs made Elephant Ivory from Elephant Ivory Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA © TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2008 Southeast TRAFFIC © Schreger Line Photo Credits: US Fish & Wildlife

α Check current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org May 2008 **Strict conditions apply, check CITES Appendices www.cites.org Dendrocygna javanica - Lesser Whistling Duck and Dendrocygna arcuata - Wandering Whistling Duck

Lesser Whistling Duck Wandering Whistling Duck International Conservation α Status: Other Names: Itek Belibis, Belibis Kembang (Malaysia) Other Names: Not listed in CITES

Distribution: Brunei Darussalam; Cambodia; China; India; Indonesia; Distribution: Australia; Indonesia; New Britain; Papua New IUCN: Dendrocygna javanica: LC Japan; Lao PDR; Malaysia; Myanmar; Nepal; Pakistan; Guinea; Philippines; Singapore Dendrocygna arcuata: LC Singapore; Sri Lanka; Taiwan; Thailand; Viet Nam Physical Physical Characteristics: Length: 38 - 41cm Characteristics: Length: 40 - 45cm

Distinguishing Features: Distinguishing Features: Traded as:

Dendrocygna javanica - Dendrocygna arcuata - Live animals Lesser Whistling Duck Wandering Whistling Duck

Yellow Brown head eye-ring with dark cap

Blackish-brown cap Plain extents to above the eye brown neck Blackish line down the back of the neck

Speckled Dendrocygna javanica lower neck Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA Large black and white markings Rich reddish-brown

Brownish Upper tail red reddish underparts - Upper tail buff in colour

Credit: Choy Wai Mun Credit: Lynn and Brad Weinert © TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2009 Southeast TRAFFIC ©

α Check current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org May 2009 Leptoptilos spp. - Adjutant Storks

Greater Adjutant Stork Lesser Adjutant Stork International Conservation α Già đẫy lớn Status: Other Names: (Viet Nam) Other Names: Botak Kecil (Malaysia), Già đẫy giava (Viet Nam) Not listed in CITES

Distribution: Cambodia; India Distribution: Bangladesh; Brunei Darussalam; Cambodia; IUCN: Leptoptilos dubius: EN Vagrant: Bangladesh; Nepal, Thailand; Viet Nam Indonesia; Lao PDR; Malaysia, Myanmar; Leptoptilos javanicus: VU Possibly extinct: Lao PDR, Myanmar Nepal; Sri Lanka; Thailand; Viet Nam Physical Physical Characteristics: Length: 122.5 - 129cm Characteristics: Length: 145 - 150cm

Distinguishing Features: Distinguishing Features: Traded as: Leptoptilos dubius - Leptoptilos javanicus - Live animals Greater Adjutant Stork Lesser Adjutant Stork Pinkish head and neck

Very large deep Bluish grey based beak Broad dull coloured beak

Glossy black back Leptoptilos javanica Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA Drooping pouch on lower neck No grey feathers

- Very large Grey feathers - Large - White feathers around edge of neck - No white feathers around edge of neck - White underparts Asia 2009

TRAFFIC Southeast TRAFFIC Southeast Credit: Claire Beastall Credit: Claire Beastall ©

α Check current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org May 2009 Bucerotidformes - Hornbills

α Hornbills International Conservation Status: 4 species of Southeast Asian Hornbills are listed in Other Names: CITES Appendix I; all other Southeast Asian Hornbills Distribution: Africa and Asia are listed in CITES Appendix II

Physical Rhycticeros undulatus Characteristics: Length: 320cm (Wreathed Hornbill) Credit: Claire Beastall (Marking on pouch often partly concealed) Distinguishing Features: 4 species of Southeast Asian Hornbills listed in Traded as: Rhinoplax vigil CITES Appendix I Casques and live birds for the pet trade (Helmeted Hornbill) Buceros bicornis IUCN: NT (Great Hornbill) IUCN: NT Hard growth Red casque (casque) on with yellow at top of the bill front edge Adult female - pale greenish skin on head and neck and Two very long a shorter tail centre tail Anthacroceros albirostris Curved feathers (Oriental Pied Hornbill) bill Distribution: Bhutan; Cambodia; India; Indonesia; Credit: TRAFFIC Southeast Asia Distribution: Brunei Darussalam; Indonesia; Lao PDR; Malaysia; Myanmar; Malaysia; Myanmar; Thailand Anthracoceros albirostris Nepal; Thailand; Viet Nam (Oriental Pied Hornbill) Credit: Claire Beastall Rhycticeros (Aceros) Aceros nipalensis subruficollis (Rufous-necked Hornbill) IUCN: VU (Plain-pouched Hornbill) Heavy IUCN: VU yellow bill Similar Toucans - All from South America White edge to tail and wings Black body Naked red Has no marking throat Tail all white on the pouch.

Adult female - black head and neck, pouch blue Adult female mainly Buceros bicornis (Great Hornbill) Buceros bicornis (Great Hornbill) No growth (casque) Juvenile - reddish head and black, juvenile red casques for sale casque Credit: Chris Shepherd/TRAFFIC Southeast Asia Credit: Chris Shepherd/TRAFFIC SEA on top of the bill neck, pouch yellow head and neck

Ramphastos toco (Toco toucan) CITES Appendix I Distribution: Malaysia; Myanmar; Thailand Distribution: Bhutan; China; India; Lao PDR; Credit: WWF-Canon / Michel GUNTHER

© TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2008 Southeast TRAFFIC © Myanmar; Thailand; Viet Nam

α Check current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org and www.birdlife.org/datazone/search/species_search.html July 2008 Copsychus malbaricus - White-rumped Shama

α White-rumped Shama International Conservation Status: Not CITES listed Other Names: Murai Batu, Murai Hutan (Malaysia)

IUCN: LC Distribution: Bangladesh; Butan; Brunei Darussalam; Cambodia; China; India; Indonesia; Lao PDR; Malaysia; Myanmar; Nepal; Singapore; Sri Lanka; Thailand; Viet Nam (introduced into Hawaii, USA)

Physical Characteristics: Length: up to 25cm

Credit: John Steed Distinguishing Features: White cap seen Traded as: - White rump in birds from Live animals for songbird trade. Sabah, Malaysia - Male: Glossy black with chestnut belly NOTE: Females do not sing and - Female: Grey with chestnut belly so are very rarely seen in trade

White feathers under the tail, these may be visible at the edge from White rump above Female White-rumped Shama Male White-rumped Shama Male White-rumped Shama (Sabah, Malaysia) Credit: Suppalak Klabdee Credit: Lee Kip Yang Credit: Suppalak Klabdee

Similar to: Copsychus saularis Trichixis pyrropyga Copsychus luzoniensis Magpie Robin Rufous-tailed Shama White-browed Shama Smuggler arrested in US with live songbirds, including IUCN: LC; Not CITES listed IUCN: NT; IUCN: LC; Not CITES listed Copsychus malbaricus. Not CITES listed White Glossy black Credit: US Fish & Wildlife Service brow Rarely found in trade Belly and under tail white

White wing stripe No white rump Length: up to 21.6cm Credit: John Steed Length: up to 21 - 22.5cm Length: up to 18cm Distribution: Bangladesh; Bhutan; Brunei Distribution: Brunei Distribution: Philippines Darussalam; Cambodia; China; India; Indonesia; Darussalam; Indonesia; Lao PDR; Malaysia; Myanmar; Nepal; Pakistan; Malaysia; Thailand

Philippines; Singapore; Sri Lanka; Thailand; Viet Nam Credit: Lim Kim Chye Credit: Wouter Thijs © TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2009 Southeast TRAFFIC ©

α Check current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org May 2009 Falconiformes - Birds of Prey

α Birds of Prey International Conservation Status: Includes Hawks, Eagles, Vultures, Falcons, Kites etc. All are CITES Appendix II* except for 15 species listed in CITES Appendix I - 5 of these are found in Southeast Asia: Aquila heliaca - Eastern Imperial Eagle Other Names: Haliaeetus albicilla - White-tailed Eagle Pithecophaga jefferyi - Philippine Eagle Distribution: Worldwide Falco jugger - Laggar Falcon Falco peregrinus - Peregrine Falcon * New World Vultures: 1 species listed in Appendix III, 4 species not listed

Physical Characteristics: Height: 14 - 118cm; Wing span: 26 - 300cm, Weight: 35g - 14kg IUCN: Varies - up to CR Falco pereginus - Peregrine Falcon Credit: WWF-Canon / John S. MITCHELL Distinguishing Features: Traded as: Live animals, body parts for traditional medicine/magic

- Upright posture - Sharp claws (talons) - Hooked Beak - Tend to be dull in colour Hooked bill NOTE: Identifying chicks to species is very difficult.

Elanus caeruleus - Black-winged Kite for sale in a market Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA Aviceda leuphotes (Black Baza) for sale in a market Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA Sharp claws (talons) Bird of Prey for sale in a market Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA

Spizaetus bartelsi - Javan Hawk Eagle (juvenile) Credit: TRAFFIC Southeast Asia © TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2008 Southeast TRAFFIC ©

α Check current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org and www.birdlife.org/datazone/search/species_search.html April 2008 Pycnonotus zeylanicus - Straw-headed Bulbul

α Straw-headed Bulbul International Conservation Status: CITES Appendix II Other Names: Cangkurawa (Indonesia), Barau-barau (Sabah, Malaysia) IUCN: VU

Distribution: Brunei Darussalam; Indonesia; Malaysia; Myanmar; Singapore; Thailand

Physical Characteristics: Height: 30cm - this is the largest of the Bulbuls

Credit: Mervin Quah Distinguishing Features: Traded as: Live animal for the bird song and pet trade Straw-yellow coloured head

Black eye stripe

Black moustache

White throat

Credit: Mervin Quah

Similar to: Other Bulbuls

This is the largest of the Bulbuls No other Bulbul has a straw-yellow head

Straw-headed Bulbul in a Market

© TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2008 Asia Southeast TRAFFIC © Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA

α Check current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org, www.birdlife.org/datazone/search/species_search.html January 2008 Gracula religiosa - Hill Mynah

α Hill Mynah International Conservation Status: CITES: Appendix II Other Names: Tiong Emas (Malaysia) IUCN: LC

Distribution: Bhutan; Brunei Darussalam; Cambodia; China; India; Indonesia; Lao PDR; Malaysia, Myanmar; Nepal; Philippines; Singapore; Sri Lanka; Thailand; Viet Nam

Physical Characteristics: Height: 30cm, Weight: 400g

Credit: WWF-Malaysia / Oon Swee Hock

Distinguishing Features: Traded as: Live animals for the Pet trade. Glossy black iridescent plumage

Band of white on each wing Orange bill fading to yellow at the tip Bright Yellow legs Credit: WWF-Malaysia/Azwad MN yellow and feet wattles Illustration: Chew Ming Yee Hill Mynah in Market Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA Similar to: Acridotheres tristis Common Mynah

Mino dumonti Yellow-faced Mynah

Yellow face patch Yellow face patch around the eyes around the eyes - has no wattles - has no wattles

Chest brown Credit: Brent Stirton / Getty Images / WWF-UK

White tip to tail Hill Mynahs in a Market Credit: Yen Loong Lean Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA © TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2008 Southeast TRAFFIC ©

α Check current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org and www.birdlife.org/datazone/search/species_search.html January 2008 Psittaciformes spp. - Parrots

α Parrots International Conservation Status: All Parrots either CITES Appendix I or Appendix II Other Names: EXCEPT FOR the following FOUR species which are Distribution: Africa; South and Central Americas; Asia; Oceania not protected: Agapornis roseicollis - Peach-faced Lovebird Distinguishing Features of Parrots: Height: from 8cm up to 100cm Melopsittacus undulatus - Budgerigar Whilst most are mainly green in colour, Nymphicus hollandicus - Cockatiel some are white or even red and blue Head: Large Psittacula krameri - Ring-necked Parakeet

Upper Beak: Neck: Short Wide curve, Beak: Broad at sharp point the base

Lower Beak: Chisel-shaped Legs: Short cutting edge

Feet: Two toes point backward Female Eclectus Parrot Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA Two toes point forward Traded as: Live animals and live eggs (carried on the person) for the pet trade.

Parrots NOT listed in CITES: (1) (1) (2) (3) (2) (2) Agapornis roseicollis Melopsittacus undulatus (1) Nymphicus hollandicus Psittacula krameri Peach-faced Lovebird Budgerigar Cockatiel (3) Ring-necked Parakeet (1) (4) Distribution: Southwest Africa (3) Distribution: Australia Distribution: Australia Distribution: Africa, Asia Length: 16cm Length: 18cm Length: 29 - 33cm Length: 40cm (3) Natural colouration: Colouration: (4) - Natural colouration: Usual Colouration: - Upward curving crest (1) Pale grass-green body (1) - - Green head (2) Red band above beak (1) - Plain forehead (1) (2) - Yellow face (2), - - Beak pale in colour (2) - Plain breast (2) - Orange patch (3) Black chin and black-pink collar and - - lavender top of head (adult male only) (3) Peach coloured cheeks (3) - Bars on wings and back of head (3) - White wing flash (4) - - Green back of neck (4) Distinctive: Distinctive: Blue tail with yellow tip (4) - Blue rump (5) - Small size - Pointed wings & tail Distinctive: - Pointed wings & tail - Pointed tail NOTE: Many colour variations in - No maroon shoulder patches captive bred birds - back may be NOTE: Colour variations do NOTE: Colour variations in captive white, yellow or blue. (5) NOTE: Common colour occur in captive bred birds bred birds - blue or yellow. Very similar parrot species are variations in captive bred Very similar parrot species are protected - seek advice if unsure. birds - blue, green or white. protected - seek advice if unsure (4) © TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2008 Southeast TRAFFIC © * Image Source: Environment Canada α Check current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org and www.birdlife.org/datazone/search/species_search.html January 2008 Cacatua spp. - White Cockatoos

α White Cockatoos International Conservation Status: CITES Appendix I - 4 species Other Names: Kakatua (Indonesia) CITES Appendix II - all others

Distribution: Australia; Indonesia; New Zealand; Papua New Guinea; Philippines; Singapore; Solomon Islands Traded as: Live animals and eggs (carried on the person) for the pet trade Physical Characteristics: White or pale salmon-pink feathers. Medium - large birds with short squarish tail and long round-tipped wings. Both sexes look alike. Height: Up to 51cm Distinguishing Features of the 4 CITES APPENDIX I species:

Cacatua goffini Cacatua haematuropygia Tanimbar Cockatoo Philippine Cockatoo

Pink area between eye and beak Yellow under wings and tail Tanimbar Cockatoos at a Market Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA White eye ring

Yellow under Red under tail. wings and tail Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA

Distribution: Indonesia Distribution: Philippines Height: 32cm Height: 31cm Credit: Katala Foundation Inc. Cacatua sulphurea Distribution: Indonesia Cacatua moluccensis Yellow-crested Cockatoo Height: 33cm Salmon-crested Cockatoo

Yellow Crest Yellow-crested Philippine Cockatoo Cockatoo Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA Large backward curving Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA white and pink crest Yellow wash on face Other feathers Dull yellow wash under pinky-white

Credit: WWF-Canon / Martin HARVEY wings and base of tail Similar: Cacatua galerita Distribution: Indonesia Moluccan Cockatoo larger, no yellow on face Height: 50cm Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA © TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2008 Southeast TRAFFIC © Drawings adapted from: Environment Canada α Check current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org and January 2008 www.birdlife.org/datazone/search/species_search.html Probosciger aterrimus - Palm Cockatoo

α Palm Cockatoo International Conservation Status: CITES Appendix I Other Names: Kakatua raja, Kakatua hitam (Indonesia) IUCN: LC

Distribution: Australia; West Papua, Aru Islands, Indonesia; Papua New Guinea

Physical Characteristics: Head and Body Length: 51 - 64cm

Credit: Mark Auliya/TSEA

Distinguishing Features: Traded as: Live animals and eggs (carried on the person) for the pet trade Long wispy crest

Massive beak

Red and black tongue

Bare red-pink facial skin

Grey-black plumage

Young Palm Cockatoo at a Market Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA

Image Adapted from: Environment Canada

Similar to: Other Black Cockatoos Other Black Parrots CITES APPENDIX CITES APPENDIX Are only found in Australia Only found in Madagascar; Comoros Islands and Seychelles DO NOT have bare red-pink-facial skin DO NOT have bare red-pink-facial skin DO NOT have plain grey-black plumage DO NOT have crest or black beak Adult Palm Cockatoo

© TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2008 Southeast TRAFFIC © Credit: Mark Auliya/TSEA

α Check current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org and www.birdlife.org/datazone/search/species_search.html January 2008 Eos spp. - Indonesian Lories Indonesian Lories α Other Names: Nuri Sangir (Red & Blue Lory, Indonesia) International Conservation Status: Eos histrio CITES Appendix I Distribution: Eastern Indonesia remainder CITES Appendix II

Physical IUCN: LC Characteristics: Length: 24 - 31cm Blue-streaked Lory Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA Distinguishing Features: Traded as: Live animals for the pet trade Red and Blue Lory Red Lory Blue-eared Lory Violet-necked Lory Black-winged Lory Blue-streaked Lory Eos histrio Eos bornea Eos semilarvata Eos squamata Eos cyanogenia Eos reticulata CITES Appendix I CITES Appendix II CITES Appendix II CITES Appendix II CITES Appendix II CITES Appendix II IUCN: EN IUCN: LC IUCN: LC IUCN: LC IUCN: VU IUCN: NT Head: 1. Purple-blue band on the back Head: 1. Blue around the eye, no Head: 1. Violet Blue on upper cheeks, Head: 1. Violet blue collar round neck - Head: 1. Bluish-purple band from eye Head: 1. Bluish-purple band from eye of the head (may vary in size) other purple on head ear area and band down varies may be very faint in to side of neck down to base of neck side of neck some birds

Body: 2. Broad blue band across the Body: 2. No blue on the body, blue Body: 2. Blue on abdomen and under Body: 2. Blue on Abdomen and under Body: 2. Black flanks and thighsBody: 2. Upper back blue-black chest under base of tail tail tail streaked with violet-blue

Tail: 3.Reddish-purple when viewed Wing: 3. Small blue patch on each Wing: 3. Black patch on wings from above wing 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 2. 3. 2. 2. 3. 2. 2.

2.

2.

3.

Distribution: Sangir and islands in the Distribution: Moluccas including Buru, Distribution: Seram, Indonesia. Distribution: Islands in the North Distribution: Islands in Geelvink Bay, Distribution: Tanimbar group, Indonesia. Talaud and Nanusa groups, Indonesia. Seram and associated islands and the Moluccas and West Papuan group, West Papua, Indonesia. Kai Islands, Indonesia. Indonesia. © TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2008 Southeast TRAFFIC © Image Source adapted from: Environment Canada α Check current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org and www.birdlife.org/datazone/search/species_search.html January 2008 Loriculus galgulus - Blue-crowned Hanging Parrot

α Blue-crowned Hanging Parrot International Conservation Status: CITES Appendix II Other Names: Burung Serindit (Malaysia) IUCN: LC

Distribution: Brunei Darussalam; Indonesia; Malaysia; Singapore; Thailand

Physical Characteristics: Length: 12cm

Credit: Yen Loong Lean Distinguishing Features: Traded as: Live animals for the pet trade Deep blue crown (may be difficult to see on females) Brown eyes

Black bill

Triangular patch of golden yellow (may be difficult to see on females)

Greyish-green legs and feet

Image Source: Environment Canada

Similar to:

Other Hanging Parrots Budgerigar CITES Appendix II Melopsittacus undulatus

DO NOT have deep blue crown Length: 18cm DO NOT have triangular patch of May be listed as Budgerigar golden yellow on mantle on documentation

Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA

Image Source: Environment Canada © TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2008 Southeast TRAFFIC ©

α Check current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org and January 2008 www.birdlife.org/datazone/search/species_search.html Lorius garrulus - Chattering Lory

α Chattering Lory International Conservation Status: CITES Appendix II Other Names: Nuri Ternate (Indonesia) IUCN: EN

Distribution: Lorius garrulus garrulus - Halmahera, Weda, Ternate Islands, Indonesia Lorius garrulus flavopalliatus - Bacan and Obi Islands, Indonesia Lorius garrulus morotaianus - Morotai and Rau Islands, Indonesia Physical Characteristics: Length: 30cm

Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA Distinguishing Features: Traded as: Live animals for the pet trade

Lorius garrulus garrulus - Yellow mantle patch suffused slightly with green. Yellow Variable yellow mantle patch variable in size patch on mantle suffused with green*

Yellow band on Lorius garrulus flavopalliatus - underwing-coverts Larger yellow mantle patch, but less green on mantle than Lorius garrulus garrulus

Rose-red band across underside Lorius garrulus morotaianus - Kredit Foto: Mark Auliya/TSEA Small yellow mantle patch suffused with green

End of tail blackish green Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA

Image Source: Environment Canada (adapted)

Asia 2008 Similar to: Black cap on head Lorius chlorocercus Yellow-bibbed Lory CITES Appendix II Yellow bib TRAFFIC Southeast TRAFFIC Southeast ©

α Check current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org and January 2008 www.birdlife.org/datazone/search/species_search.html Lorius lory - Black-capped Lory

α Black-capped Lory International Conservation Status: CITES Appendix II Other Names: IUCN: LC

Distribution: West Irian, Indonesia; Papua New Guinea

Physical Characteristics: Length: 31cm

Credit: Lory Brent Stirton - Getty Images - WWF-UK Distinguishing Features: Black cap Traded as: Live animals for the pet trade. Violet coloured areas on back Grey coloured cere (variable in (area above the beak extent) around the nostrils)

Yellow underwing

Violet coloured legs Violet coloured areas on back (variable and may extend to the front)

Similar to: Lorius hypoinochrous - Purple-bellied Lory CITES Appendix II Dull red Black-capped Lory in a market Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA

White coloured cere (area above the beak around the nostrils)

Black-capped Lory Credit: James Compton/TSEA © TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2008 Southeast TRAFFIC © Image Adapted from: Environment Canada α Check current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org and May 2008 www.birdlife.org/datazone/search/species_search.html Strigiformes - Owls

α Owls International Conservation Status: All are CITES Appendix II except for 5 species Other Names: Burung Hantu (Indonesia; Malaysia) listed in CITES Appendix I Heteroglaux blewitti - Forest Owlet (India) Mimizuku gurneyi - Giant Scop's Owl (Philippines) Ninox natalis - Christmas Island Hawk-Owl (Christmas Island) Distribution: Worldwide (except Antarctica) Ninox novaeseelandiae undulata Boobok Owl (Norfolk Island) Tyto soumagnei - Madagascar Red Owl (Madagascar) IUCN: Varies - up to CR Physical Characteristics: Height: 16 - 84cm; Wing span: 38 - 160cm, Weight: 40g - 1.8kg Bubo sumatranus (Barred Eagle Owl) Credit: Claire Beastall Distinguishing Features: Traded as: Live animals, body parts for traditional medicine/magic Large forward- - Soft plumage (feathers) facing eyes - Upright posture - Large rounded head - Short tail - Long legs (may be hidden by plumage) - Reversible outer toe - can face forwards or Hooked bill backwards - Tend to be dull in colour

Tyto alba (Barn Owl) for sale Ninox scutulata (Brown Hawk Ketupa ketupu (Buffy Fish Owl) Sharp in a market Owl) for sale in a market for sale in a market claws Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA

NOTE: Identifying owl chicks to species is very difficult.

© TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2008 Southeast TRAFFIC © Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA

α Check current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org and www.birdlife.org/datazone/search/species_search.html March 2008 Crocodylia spp. - Hides

All at least CITES Appendix II

Collar Longitudinal Rows Count the number of scales from one side to the other Transverse Rows Count the number of scale rows 1. 2. 3. between the collar and the cloacal vent

Cloacal vent

1. Lateral 2. Rows of Flank 3. Neck Tail Scales Scales Scales

Identification of Crocodile skins

Species Transverse Longitudinal Rows Rows Alligator mississippiensis 29 - 34 12 - 14 Caiman crocodilus 20 - 24 12 - 14 Crocodylus niloticus 26 - 30 14 - 20 Crocodylus novaeguinea 22 - 28 12 - 18 Crocodylus mindorensis 22 - 25 12 - 14 Crocodylus porosus 31 - 35 16 - 19 Crocodylus siamensis 30 - 34 14 - 16 Undertail Ventral Scales Ventral Scales Collar region Tomistoma schlegelii 22 - 24 12 - 14 Scales (with surface pitting) (no surface pitting) Scales © TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2008 Southeast TRAFFIC ©

All Images Credit: Environment Canada

α Check current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org March 2008 Alligators & Caiman Alligators and Caimans Crocodiles Fourth tooth of the lower jaw hidden in internal socket of the upper jaw when the mouth is closed Fourth tooth of the lower jaw visible in external notch of the upper jaw when the mouth is closed

Alligator mississippiensis Alligator sinensis Caiman crocodylus American Alligator Chinese Alligator Spectacled Caiman CITES Appendix II CITES Appendix I CITES Appendix II IUCN: LC IUCN: CR IUCN: LR

Other names:American Alligator, Gator (English) Other names: Chinese Alligator (English), Yangtze Alligator Other names: Spectacled Caiman, Common Caiman (English) (English), E Yu, T'uo, Tou Lung, Yow Lung Distribution: United States of America Distribution: China (Anhiu, Jiangsu, Zhehiang) Distribution: Brazil; Colombia; Costa Rica; Ecuador; El Salvador; French Guiana; Guatemala; Guyana; Honduras; Physical Physical Mexico; Nicaragua; Panama; Peru; Suriname; Characteristics: Length: Up to 6m - usually 4.8m. Characteristics: Length: Up to 1.8m Trinidad and Tobago; Venezuela Physical 8 - 10 scutes (scales) 6 scutes (scales) Characteristics: Length: Up to 2.7 across the back across the back 8 - 10 scutes (scales) across the back

Webbed Fingers not Fingers webbed

Large scutes 1 row of Large Large 2 - 3 rows of (scales) in scutes scutes 2 - 4 rows of Small lump scutes scutes - Eye greenish contact with Ridges on - Eye brownish (scales) scutes (tubercle) (scales) No ridges eachother snout in 4 rows on eyelid separated on snout (2+2-4-4) by skin in contact with eachother 2 - 3 rows of 1 row of 1 row of scales on the collar

© TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2008 Southeast TRAFFIC © scutes scutes All Images Credit: Environment Canada

α Check current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org May 2008 Crocodylus novaeguineae & Crocodylus mindorensis Crocodylus novaeguineae Crocodylus mindorensis New Guinea Crocodile Philippine Crocodile

CITES Appendix II CITES Appendix I IUCN: LC IUCN: CR Traded as: Other names: New Guinea Crocodile (English), Buaya air tawar, Pukpuk, Other names: Philippine Crocodile (English) Skins and live animals Wahne huala (Indonesia, Papua New Guinea) for the pet trade. Distribution: Indonesia (West Irian); Papua New Guinea Distribution: Philippines

Physical Physical Characteristics: Length: Up to 3.5m. Characteristics: Length: Up to 3m.

Distinguishing Features: 6 - 9 scutes Two ridges Distinguishing Features: 8 - 10 scutes Two ridges (scales) across on snout (scales) across on snout 18 - 20 double crested the back 18 - 20 double the back scutes (scales) on top crested scutes of tail (scales) on top of tail

Two rows of scales 2 1

Four large scales, one - Wrinkled eyelid - Wrinkled eyelid 1 small scale 2 - Eye greenish - Eye greenish on each side Row 2. Two rows of Four large scales, one Row 1. scales small scale on each side Row 2. Two rows Crocodile skin on sale No scale rows Row 1. Credit: TRAFFIC Southeast Asia No scale rows

Row 1. Row 2. © TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2008 Southeast TRAFFIC © All Images Credit: Environment Canada

α Check current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org March 2008 Crocodylus porosus & Crocodylus siamensis Crocodylus porosus Crocodylus siamensis Estuarine Crocodile Siamese Crocodile Traded as: CITES Appendix I CITES Appendix I Except for populations in Australia; Indonesia and Papua New Guinea: Appendix II Skins and live animals IUCN: LC IUCN: CR for the pet trade. Other Names: Estuarine Crocodile, Saltwater Crocodile (English), Buaya muara Other Names: Siamese Crocodile (English), Buaya kodok (Indonesia), Jara (Indonesia), Baya, Pukpuk, Kone huala (Papua New Guinea), Jara Kaenumchued (Thailand) Kaenumkem (Thailand) Distribution: Australia; Bangladesh; Brunei Darussalam; Cambodia; India; Indonesia; Distribution: Cambodia; Indonesia (Kalimantan); Lao PDR; Malaysia (Sarawak); Malaysia; Myanmar; Palau; Papua New Guinea; Philippines; Singapore; Thailand; Viet Nam Solomon Islands; Sri Lanka; Thailand; Vanuatu; Viet Nam Physical Physical Characteristics: Length: Up to 7m. Characteristics: Length: Up to 4m.

Distinguishing Features: No hump Distinguishing Features: One hump on snout on snout

19 - 21 single crested scutes 17 - 19 single crested scutes (scales) on top of tail (scales) on top of tail Baby Crocodile for sale in a market Credit: TRAFFIC Southeast Asia

No large scales, but may have 2 ridges One row One ridge 1 - 4 small on snout of scales between scales eyes (may be hard to Crocodile skin bags see) Credit: Mark Auliya © TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2008 Southeast TRAFFIC © All Images Credit: Environment Canada

α Check current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org March 2008 Tomistoma schlegelii - False Gharial

α False Gharial International Conservation Status: CITES Appendix I Other Names: Tomistoma (English), Buaya sumpit (Indonesia), Julong julong (Malaysia), Takong (Thailand), IUCN: EN

Distribution: Indonesia (Kalimantan, Sumatra); Malaysia (Peninsular Malaysia, Sarawak)

Physical Characteristics: Length: Up to 5 m Credit: Mark Auliya

Distinguishing Features: Traded as: Live animals for the pet trade, usually when young

Snout points gradually

One row Credit: Mark Auliya/TSEA of large - Olive-brown colour with large distinct black blotches scales on from the snout to the tail (blotches may fade with age). the collar

- Eyes yellowish brown 17 single crested Young False Gharial scutes (scales) Credit: WWF-Canon / Alain COMPOST Round or on top of tail oval scales on the flank (side of the body) Credit: Mark Auliya/TSEA

Two rows of smaller scutes (scales)

Adult Female False Gharial 12 3 Credit: Claire Beastall

19 - 20 teeth Three rows of two large on lower jaw

© TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2008 Southeast TRAFFIC © scutes (scales) Image Source: Environment Canada

α Check current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org May 2008 Uromastyx spp. - Spiny-tailed Lizards Spiny-tailed Lizards

α Other Names: Dab Lizard, Mastigure (English) International Conservation Status: All Uromastyx spp. are listed in CITES Appendix II Distribution: Northwest India to southwestern Asia and the Arabian Peninsula to Sahara of Africa. IUCN: Varies from CR - LR/LC

Physical Characteristics: Length: up to 91.5cm Credit: Mark Auliya/TSEA

Distinguishing Features: Traded as: Live animals for the pet trade and also for traditional medicine - Relatively flat, spiny tail

- Body relatively flat

- May have lateral skin folds

Very short distance between the nostrils and the end of the snout

Credit: Mark Auliya/TSEA Credit: Mark Auliya/TSEA Credit: Mark Auliya/TSEA Similar to:

Spiny-tailed iguanid lizards Australian agamid lizards from the Americas and Madagascar

Do not show the combination Do not show the combination of features listed above of features listed above Credit: Anthony B. RATH/WWF-Canon Credit: Claire Beastall Credit: Mark Auliya/TSEA © TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2009 Southeast TRAFFIC ©

α Check current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org May 2009 Phelsuma spp. - Day Gecko species

α Day Gecko species International Conservation Status: All Phelsuma spp. are listed in Other Names: CITES Appendix II

Distribution: Andaman Islands (India); Comoro Islands; Kenya; Madagascar; IUCN: Varies from CR - LR/LC Mauritius; Reunion; Rodriques; Seychelles; Tanzania

Physical Characteristics: Length: 7.6 - 30.5cm Credit: Eugène Bruins

Distinguishing Features: Traded as: Live animals for the pet trade - Most are brighly coloured, usually green

- Active mainly during the day

- Large eyes, dark, round pupils Large eyes, dark, round, - Inner toe reduced pupils

Inner toes reduced Credit: Eugène Bruins Credit: Eugène Bruins

Similar to:

Selection of Phelsuma spp. available for purchase in a pet shop Other geckos Credit: Mark Auliya/TSEA

- Usually dull in colour Pupils not round - Active mainly at night

- Pupils not round

- Inner toe not reduced Inner toes not reduced Phelsuma quadricellata on sale in a pet shop Leopard Gecko (Eublepharis macularius). Credit: Mark Auliya/TSEA Tokay Gecko (Gekko gecko). Credit: Mark Auliya/TSEA Credit: Mark Auliya/TSEA © TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2009 Southeast TRAFFIC ©

α Check current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org May 2009 Gekko gecko - Tokay Gecko

α Tokay Gecko International Conservation Status: Not listed Other Names:

Distribution: Throughout eastern tropical Asia

Physical Characteristics: Total length: 20 - 40cm, Weight: 150 - 300g Credit: Mark Auliya/TSEA

Distinguishing Features: Traded as: Dried or stored in liquid for use in Traditional Medicine

Light bluish-grey skin

Large eyes, pupils vertically slit

Orange and white spots

Wide flat toes Tokay Gecko for use in Traditional Medicine Credit: TRAFFIC Southeast Asia

Tokay Gecko for use in Traditional Tokay Gecko in Wine Medicine Credit: TRAFFIC Southeast Asia Credit: TRAFFIC Southeast Asia

Credit: Mark Auliya/TSEA

Similar to: Other Geckos - other geckos do not have distinctive orange spots. The Tokay is the second largest species of gecko.

Tokay Gecko for use in Traditional Medicine Credit: Mark Auliya/TSEA © TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2008 Southeast TRAFFIC ©

α Check current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org January 2008 Varanus spp. - Monitor Lizard spp.

α Varanus spp. International Conservation Status: CITES Appendix II except for Varanus bengalensis, Other Names: Biawak (Malaysia) V. flavescens, V. griseus, V. komodoensis, V. nebulosus which are Appendix I IUCN: Only 3 listed - V. komodoensis, V. olivaceus: VU, Credit: Mark Auliya Distribution: Africa; Arabia; South Asia; Southeast Asia; East Indies; Australia; Marshall, Caroline V. flavescens: LR and Fiji Islands.

Physical Characteristics: Length: Between 15cm - 3m

Distinguishing Features: Traded as: Skins and live for the pet trade. The skin of Varanus salvator Varanus salvator skin is commonly found in trade Credit: TRAFFIC Southeast Asia

Visible ear opening

Close-up of back skin of Monitor Lizard Characteristic raised keeled scales each viewed through magnification. surrounded by small granular scales found on Actual size of scales: 1mm in juvenile; the back of the animal Forked Tongue 2 - 3mm in adult

Varanus salvator adult Credit: Claire Beastall Varanus prasinus (Green Tree Monitor) from Australia; Indonesia (West Irian) and Papua New Guinea is - Muscular tail commonly found in the pet trade. Shoe made from Monitor Lizard skin Credit: TRAFFIC Southeast Asia

- Powerful limbs and sharp claws

- Long neck

- Narrow head and pointed snout

Varanus prasinus in trade Length: Up to 80cm Varanus salvator in wine Varanus salvator in trade Varanus salvator juvenile Credit: Claire Beastall Credit: Mark Auliya/TSEA Credit: Claire Beastall Credit: Mark Auliya © TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2008 Southeast TRAFFIC © Image Source: Environment Canada

α Check current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org May 2008 Ptyas mucosus - Oriental Rat Snake

α Oriental Rat Snake International Conservation Status: CITES Appendix II Other Names: Banded Ratsnake (English) IUCN: Not listed

Distribution: Afghanistan; Bangladesh; Cambodia; China; India; Indonesia; Iran; Lao PDR; Nepal; Malaysia; Myanmar; Pakistan; Taiwan; Thailand; Turkmenistan; Viet Nam

Physical Characteristics: Length: 320cm Ptyas Credit: WWF-Canonmucosus / Cat HOLLOWAY Credit: Mark Auliya/TSEA Distinguishing Features: Traded as: Skins, meat and gall bladders for traditional medicine

Stripes on scales Banded pattern on the body around the mouth (difficult to see in darker animals) Ptyas mucosus skin Credit: Mark Auliya/TSEA

Similar to: Ptyas korros - Indochinese Rat Snake Not listed on CITES Ptyas mucosus leather Credit: Mark Auliya/TSEA No banded pattern on the body

No stripes on scales around the mouth

Distribution: Bangladesh; Cambodia; China; India; Indonesia; Lao PDR; Malaysia; Myanmar; Singapore; Ptyas mucosus meat Ptyas mucosus gall bladders Credit: Mark Auliya/TSEA Taiwan; Thailand; Viet Nam Credit: Mark Auliya/TSEA © TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2008 Southeast TRAFFIC © All Photographs Credit: Mark Auliya/TSEA

α Check current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org May 2008 Ophiophagus, Naja spp. - Cobras

α Cobras International Conservation Status: The following Southeast Asian Cobra species are Other Names: listed in CITES Appendix II: Distribution: Africa and Asia Ophiophagus hannah (King Cobra), Naja kaouthia (Monocellate Cobra), Physical Naja mandalayensis (Burmese Spitting Cobra), Characteristics: Length: Up to 585cm Naja philippinensis (Northern Philippine Cobra), Distinguishing Features: Naja samarensis (Southeastern Philippine Cobra), Naja siamensis (Indochinese Spitting Cobra), Scale in front of the eye The loreal scale is (pre-ocular) touches the missing in the cobras, Naja sputatrix (Javan Spitting Cobra), nostril in cobras, kraits kraits and coral snakes Naja sumatrana (Equatorial Spitting Cobra) and coral snakes (eye and nostril closer IUCN: Not listed together than in other snakes) Naja sputatrix (Javan Spitting Cobra) Credit: Mark Auliya Only cobras are able to Image adapted from: US Fish and Wildlife Traded as: Skins, meat and gall bladders for traditional medicine flatten the neck in this way (vertically)

Credit: Mark Auliya

Very large head scales characteristic of Ophiophagus hannah (King Cobra)

Coelognathus (Elaphe) radiata Collecting blood from (Radiated Ratsnake) flattens the Skinning Cobras Ophiophagus hannah Dead cobra at a neck dorso-ventrally to mimic a cobra market Credit: Claire Beastall

Credit: Mark Auliya

Cobra skin Variation in pattern on the back of the neck of Naja kaouthia (Monocellate/Monocled Cobra) Cobra gall bladder (fresh) Cobra gall bladder (dried) Credit: Mark Auliya All photographs credit to: Mark Auliya/TSEA © TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2008 Southeast TRAFFIC ©

α Check current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org May 2008 Pythonidae - Pythons

α Pythons International Conservation Status: CITES Appendix II except Python molurus molurus Other Names: (Indian Rock Python) which is listed in CITES Appendix I

Distribution: Africa; Asia and Australia (only found in the Old World) IUCN: Python molurus - LR

Physical Characteristics: Length: Up to 10m Python breitensteini Credit: Mark Auliya Distinguishing Features: Traded as: Skins, meat and live for the pet trade

Heat sensitive

Credit: Mark Auliya

Python reticulatus in the meat trade Python reticulatus is commonly found in the skin trade Credit: Bounma Vongxay Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA

Credit: Mark Auliya Two small spurs (vestigial limbs) found Python Skin Shoes either side of the cloaca (body opening Credit:TRAFFIC above the base of the tail) Southeast Asia

Similar Boidae spp. Confiscated Python Skin Six Boa species are listed in CITES Appendix I, all others are listed in Credit:TRAFFIC Southeast Asia Morelia viridis (Green Tree Python) from Python curtus and Python brongersmai CITES Appendix II. They are only found in Central and South America, Australia; Indonesia (West Irian) and Papua Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA Madagascar and the Indo-Pacific. New Guinea is commonly found in the pet trade. Credit: WWF-Canon / Martin HARVEY © TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2008 Southeast TRAFFIC ©

α Check current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org May 2008 Carettochelys insculpta - Pig-nosed Turtle

α Pig-nosed Turtle International Conservation CITES Appendix II Other Names: Labi-labi moncong babi (ID), Budu Susa (Fly River region, PNG), Garr (Morehead River region, PNG) IUCN: VU

Distribution: Southern Rivers, West Papua (Indonesia and Papua New Guinea), Northern Territories (Australia)

Physical Characteristics: Carapace Length: Up to 55cm Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA

Distinguishing Features: Carapace (upper shell) covered with leather Traded as: Live animals for the pet trade, often as young animals also as meat

Tubular nostrils

Hatchling Pig-nosed Turtle Credit: James Compton/TSEA Flipper-like front limbs Pig-nosed Turtle meat each with two claws Credit: James Compton/TSEA Hatchling Pig-nosed Turtle Credit: Mark Auliya/TSEA

White patches

All Photographs: Mark Auliya/TSEA White edge (except where indicated)

Similar to: Soft Shell Turtle No Soft Shell Turtle has tubular nostrils or flipper-like front limbs with two claws Sub-adult Pig-nosed Turtle Adult Pig-nosed Turtle Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA Credit: Mark Auliya/TSEA © TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2008 Southeast TRAFFIC ©

α Check current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org January 2008 Cheloniidae and Dermochelyidae - Marine Turtles Marine Turtles α 5 species are found in Southeast Asia: International Conservation Status: Dermochelidae: Dermochelys coriacea - Leatherback Turtle All Marine Turtles are listed in Chelonidae: Eretmochelys imbricata - Hawksbill Turtle CITES: Appendix I Chelonia mydas - Green Turtle IUCN: CR - EN Caretta caretta - Loggerhead Turtle Lepidochelys olivacea - Olive Ridley Turtle

Physical Characteristics: Carapace (Top shell) Length: Up to 150cm, Weight: Up to 950kg .. Credit: WWF-Canon / Jurgen FREUND Distinguishing Features: Cheloniidae Dermochelyidae Hatchlings - Front limbs of all are paddle-shaped. Shell covered Top shell (carapace) - with scutes has seven keels Claws (where present) (scales). (ridges) and is are on the front edge of covered with the front limb. leather.

- Head and limbs cannot Leatherback Turtle Green Turtle Hawksbill Turtle 1 - 2 claws on the front Front limb has no Credit: WWF-Malaysia Credit: WWF-Malaysia/ Credit: Chris Shepherd withdraw into the shell / Ken Scriven Ken Scriven /TSEA edge of front limb. claws.

Image Source: Environment Canada Image Source: Environment Canada

Traded as: Eggs: Live animals, meat, eggs, stuffed whole animals, shell products (known as Bekko) such as jewellery, Round and white (like a ping-pong ball) spectacle frames etc. Egg Diameter:

Dermochelys coriacea: 5.1 - 5.5cm

Chelonia mydas: 4.0 - 4.6cm

Caretta caretta: 3.9 - 4.3cm

Lepidochelys olivacea: 3.7 - 4.2cm

Eretmochelys imbricata: 3.2 - 3.6cm Stuffed Hawksbill Turtle Hawksbill Turtle Shell Bekko items Green Turtle Hatchlings for sale Marine Turtle meat Marine Turtle Eggs for sale Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA Credit: Julia Ng/TSEA Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA Credit: James Compton/TSEA Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA © TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2008 Southeast TRAFFIC ©

α Check current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org March 2008 Eretmochelys imbricata - Hawksbill Turtle

α Hawksbill Turtle International Conservation Status: CITES: Appendix I Other Names: Penyu Karah (MY), Penyu Sisik (ID) IUCN: CR

Distribution: Atlantic: eastern central, northeast, northwest, southeast, southwest, western central; Indian Ocean: eastern and western; Mediterranean and Black Sea; Pacific: eastern central, northwest, southeast, southwest, western central Physical Characteristics: Carapace (Shell) length: 62 - 114cm, Weight: 35 - 127kg Credit: WWF-Canon / Cat HOLLOWAY

Distinguishing Features: Traded as: Live animals, meat, eggs, stuffed whole animals, shell products (known as Bekko) such as jewellery, spectacle frames etc.

Beak-like upper jaw# 2 pairs of prefrontal scales 4 pairs of costal scutes (scales)* (between the eyes)* Thick overlapping scutes on carapace (upper shell)* Stuffed Young Hawksbill Turtle Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA Similar to: Chelonia mydas - Green Turtle Lepidochelys olivacea - Olive Ridley Turtle Stuffed Adult CITES: Appendix I CITES: Appendix I Hawksbill Turtle Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA No beak-like jaw

Bekko Fan Credit: Julia Ng/TSEA

Only 1 pair of prefrontal scales 6 or more pairs of costal scutes* Close up of Hawksbill Turtle Scutes (between the eyes)* Marginal scutes on carapace do not overlap* Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA Bekko Hair Comb Credit: Julia Ng/TSEA © TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2008 Southeast TRAFFIC © # Photo Credit: WWF-Canon / Guy MARCOVALDI * Image Source: Environment Canada α Check current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org January 2008 Batagur spp.

International Conservation Batagur baska - Batagur (Callagur) borneoensis - α Status: River Terrapin Painted Terrapin Batagur baska: Other Names: Four-toed Terrapin (English), Tuntong, Tuntong Laut Other Names: Three-striped Batagur (English), Beluku (Iban, Borneo), CITES Appendix I (Malaysia), Tungtung (Indonesia) Tuntong Sungei (Malaysia), Biuku, Sulong, Tuntung Batagur borneoensis: Semangka (Indonesia), Kura-kura jidat merah (West Kalimantan, Indonesia), Tumtum (East Kalimantan, CITES Appendix II Indonesia) IUCN: CR Distribution: Bangladesh; Cambodia; India; Indonesia; Malaysia; Distribution: Brunei Darussalam; Indonesia; Malaysia; Thailand Myanmar. Extinct in Singapore; Thailand; Viet Nam Physical Physical Characteristics: Length: up to 60cm Characteristics: Length: up to 60cm

Distinguishing Features: Distinguishing Features: Female (see picture on left) Traded as: - Four claws on front feet - Five claws on front feet Head: Orange-brown Eggs and live animals for the pet trade - Top shell (carapace) colour varies from dark grey to black, females may be brown - Top shell (carapace) colour varies Top shell: Brown, may have faint pattern - Head blackish-grey in colour (no reddish shades) - Head colour varies Male - Non-breeding

Head: Grey with Upturned Upturned orange-brown strip snout snout Serrated jaws Serrated jaws Top shell: Black-brown, 3 broad black Batagur borneoensis male in breeding colours stripes, edge scutes (scales) may have black Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA patterns

Credit: Mark Auliya/TSEA Batagur borneoensis female Credit: Mark Auliya/TSEA Four claws on front feet Credit: Mark Auliya/TSEA Front and Front and Male - Breeding back of Head: White, black back of plastron edged red strip Credit: TSEA plastron narrow narrow Top shell: Creamy white, smooth. Black patterns as in non-breeding male Credit: Sabine Schoppe Credit: Mark Auliya/TSEA Batagur borneoensis (see picture in Bottom shell (plastron) Bottom shell (plastron) male - breeding “Traded As” section) Top shell (carapace) Image Credit: Environment Canada Credit: Mark Auliya/TSEA © TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2009 Southeast TRAFFIC ©

α Check current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org May 2009 Cuora spp. - Asian Box Turtle species

α Asian Box Turtle species International Conservation Status: All Cuora spp. are listed in CITES Appendix II Other Names: IUCN: Varies from VU to EN Distribution: South and Southeast Asia

Physical Characteristics: Length: up to 30cm Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA

Distinguishing Features: Cuora spp. most commonly found in trade in Southeast Asia: Traded as: Cuora amboinensis - Cuora galbinifrons - Cuora trifasciata - - Hinge on bottom shell (plastron) Live animals mainly for the meat Southeast Asian Box Turtle Indochinese Box Turtle Chinese Three-striped Box Turtle - Edge of shell smooth (not serrated) trade (often in large quantities), IUCN: VU IUCN: CR IUCN: CR - Top shell (carapace) relatively high dome some as pets - No notch at base of bottom shell (plastron)

Hinge allows turtle to close shell completely

Smooth Credit: Mark Auliya/TSEA Credit: Mark Auliya/TSEA shell edge

Smooth, no Three yellow Three black notch at base stripes on stripes on of bottom shell black head brownish head (not in Bottom shell (plastron) juvenile) Cuora amboinensis Cuora amboinensis Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA Relatively high dome Credit: Mark Auliya/TSEA Credit: Mark Auliya/TSEA All photos: Chris Shepherd/TSEA

Hinge Hinge Hinge

Photos: Dinonysius Shama Image Source: Environment Canada Length: 22 - 25cm Length: Up to 19.8cm Length: Up to 20.3cm Cuora amboinensis Distribution: Bangladesh; Cambodia; Distribution: Cambodia (?); China; Distribution: China; Lao PDR; India; Indonesia; Malaysia; Myanmar; Lao PDR; Viet Nam Myanmar (?); Viet Nam Cuora amboinensis Image Source: Environment Canada Philippines; Thailand; Viet Nam Credit: Mark Auliya/TSEA © TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2009 Southeast TRAFFIC ©

α Check current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org May 2009 Orlitia borneensis - Malaysian Giant Turtle

α Malaysian Giant Turtle International Conservation Status: CITES Appendix II Other Names: Bajuku, Biukuk (Indonesia); Juku juku besar, Baning dayak (Malaysia)

IUCN: EN Distribution: Indonesia; Malaysia

Physical Characteristics: Length: up to 80cm Credit: Mark AuliyaTSEA

Distinguishing Features: Traded as: Live animals for the meat trade (often in large quantities) Top shell (carapace) Grey, brown or black

Head brown or black

Thickened scales around the eye Sharp notch at the base of the lower shell (plastron)

Credit: Mark Auliya/TSEA

Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA

First central scute wide at top and narrow at base Credit: Mark Auliya/TSEA Credit: Mark Auliya/TSEA Credit: Mark Auliya/TSEA Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA © TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2009 Southeast TRAFFIC ©

α Check current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org May 2009 Trachemys scripta elegans - Red-eared Slider

α Red-eared Slider International Conservation Status: Not CITES listed Other Names: Kura-kura Telinga merah, Kura-kura ninja (Indonesia), Kura terlinga-merah (Malaysia).

Distribution: U.S.A. IUCN: Not listed NOTE: Introduced species in Brunei Darussalam; Indonesia; Malaysia; Papua New Guinea; Philippines; Singapore and in other temperate, tropical and sub-tropical countries around the World.

Physical Characteristics: Length: up to 30cm Credit: Mark Auliya Distinguishing Features: Traded as: Long red patch - The shell colour (both top and bottom) varies with age. Live animals for meat and the pet trade. Animals for the pet trade are often sold - The colouration of the head does not change with age. Dark green as juveniles. head with - The red patch on the side of the head, behind the eye is always present. yellow stripes - Adult males have long claws.

Top shell (carapace) Green- yellow in young animals, darkening with age to almost black Credit: Mark Auliya

Bottom shell (plastron) Scales (scutes) with Markings vary, but Yellowish-orange radiating lines are similar to this with a dark mark on each scale (scute)

Credit: Sabine Schoppe

NOTE: Millions of captive bred Red-eared Sliders are traded legally each year.

Smugglers often list this species on the documents and then put other turtle Very young animal Adult Very young animal Adult Old adult species inside the shipment. Credit: Sabine Schoppe Credit: Mark Auliya Credit: Sabine Schoppe Credit: Mark Auliya Credit: Mark Auliya © TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2009 Southeast TRAFFIC ©

α Check current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org May 2009 Testudinidae spp. - Tortoise species International Conservation Status: α Tortoise species All are listed in CITES Appendix II*, except for 8 species which are listed in Appendix I Other Names: Astrochelys (Geochelone) radiata - Radiated Tortoise Astrochelys (Geochelone) yniphora - Ploughshare Tortoise Chelonoidis (Geochelone) nigra - Galapagos Giant Tortoise Gopherus flavomarginatus - Yellow-bordered Tortoise Psammobates geometricus - Geometric Tortoise Distribution: Africa (including Madagascar); Americas; Europe; Asia Pyxis arachnoides - Spider Tortoise Pyxis planicauda - Flat-tailed Tortoise Testudo kleinmanni - Kleinmann’s Tortoise

Physical IUCN: Varies up to CR Characteristics: Length: 10 - 135cm, Weight: 140g - 300kg Manouria impressa Credit: Doug Hendrie

Distinguishing Features: *NOTE: Geochelone sulcata - African Spurred Tortoise listed in CITES Appendix II . Zero quota for specimens removed NOTE: from the wild and traded for primarily commercial purposes Solid, often domed top shell Most can withdraw (carapace) neck and limbs entirely into their All Testudinidae spp. bony shell live on land. Traded as: Live animals for the pet trade, meat, Live specimens must shell for medicine or decorative items Annual rings on scutes often be given fresh water to very clear and well defined Some species can drink, but should never grow up to be placed in a pool as enormous size, weighing up to they may drown. Wide stumplike or Credit: Mark Auliya/TSEA 300kg “elephantine” hind feet Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA

Similar to: Freshwater and marine turtles Seizure of live Tortoises NOTE: Credit: Hartmut JUNGIUS / WWF-Canon Freshwater turtle Marine turtle Freshwater and marine turtles live mostly in water.

Flipper-like Webbed feet feet Trachemys scripta elegans - Red-eared Slider Eretmochelys imbricata - Hawksbill Turtle Tortoise shells used to make musical instruments Credit: Mark Auliya/TSEA Credit: Cat HOLLOWAY / WWF-Canon Credit: Hartmut JUNGIUS / WWF-Canon © TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2009 Southeast TRAFFIC ©

α Check current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org May 2009 Astrochelys (Geochelone) radiata - Radiated Tortoise

α Radiated Tortoise International Conservation Status: CITES Appendix I Other Names: IUCN: CR

Distribution: Madagascar; introduced to Mauritius; Reunion

Physical Characteristics: Carapace (top shell) Length: Up to 40cm

Distinguishing Features: Traded as: Live animals for the pet trade, often as young animals Black rays of star pattern form fan-like design on about one quarter of the scute (scale)

Plastron with black triangles Radiated Tortoise Shell Pattern Radiated Tortoise Shell Pattern (Bottom shell)

Similar to: Geochelone elegans - Indian Star Tortoise Geochelone platynota - Burmese Star Tortoise Pyxis arachnoides - Spider Tortoise CITES Appendix II CITES Appendix II CITES Appendix I Hinge present in some Black rays of star Top of scutes Fewer dark rays, No line linking pattern extend in (scales) creamy-white centre of star all directions sharply background pattern angled in adults

Credit: WWF-Canon / Urs WOY Credit: Mark Auliya/TSEA Credit: Jerome Maran Carapace Length: Up to 38cm Plastron Carapace Length: Up to 26cm Plastron Carapace Length: Up to 15cm Plastron* © TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2008 Southeast TRAFFIC ©

* Image Source: Environment Canada All Photographs: Chris Shepherd/TSEA except where indicated). α Check current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org January 2008 Astrochelys yniphora* - Ploughshare Tortoise

α Ploughshare Tortoise International Conservation Status: CITES Appendix I Other Names: Angonoka (Madagascar) *Scientific name may also be listed as Angonoka yniphora or Geochelone yniphora IUCN: CR

Distribution: Madagascar

Physical Characteristics: Carapace (Top shell) Length: Up to 48cm

Credit: WWF-Canon / Meg GALLER Distinguishing Features: Traded as: Live animals for the pet trade, Young animals have a pattern of rectangles. The centre as young animals and adults part of the scute (scale) is clear (no streaks or spots).

Colours may fade in older animals. Large elongated and upturned protruding front scute (scale) on the underside of the shell (plastron) - longer in adult male.

Adult Ploughshare Tortoise confiscated from trade Credit: Mark Auliya/TSEA Credit: Kathrin Schmidt Similar to: As an adult, unmistakable, but hatchlings and juveniles of Geochelone sulcata (African Spurred Tortoise) look similar. Young Geochelone sulcata have:

- A less domed shell - A lighter colour - Jagged edges to the shell Highly domed carapace

* Image Source: Environment Canada Credit: Sandrine Pantel/TSEA Credit: WWF-Canon / Martin HARVEY Credit: Mark Auliya/TSEA © TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2008 Southeast TRAFFIC ©

α Check current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org March 2008 Geochelone elegans - Indian Star Tortoise

α Indian Star Tortoise International Conservation Status: CITES Appendix II Other Names: IUCN: LR

Distribution: India; Pakistan; Sri Lanka

Physical Characteristics: Carapace (Top shell) Length: Up to 38cm

Distinguishing Features: Traded as: Live animals for the pet trade, often as young animals Black rays of star Top of scutes pattern extend in (scales) all directions sharply angled in adults

Plastron Young Indian Star Tortoises on display at a pet shop Indian Star Tortoise Shell Pattern (Bottom shell)

Similar to: Geochelone platynota - Burmese Star Tortoise Astrochelys (Geochelone) radiata - Radiated Tortoise Pyxis arachnoides - Spider Tortoise Hinge present CITES Appendix II CITES Appendix I CITES Appendix I Fewer dark rays, in some Black rays of star pattern creamy-white Top of scutes form fan-like design on background more rounded about one quarter of the scute (scale)

No line linking centre of star Credit: WWF-Canon / Urs WOY Credit: Mark Auliya/TSEA pattern Credit: Jerome Maran Carapace Length: Up to 26cm Plastron Carapace Length: Up to 40cmPlastron* Carapace Length: Up to 15cm Plastron* © TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2008 Southeast TRAFFIC ©

* Image Source: Environment Canada All Photographs: Chris Shepherd/TSEA (except where indicated). α Check current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org January 2008 Geochelone platynota - Burmese Star Tortoise

α Burmese Star Tortoise International Conservation Status: CITES Appendix II Distribution: Myanmar

IUCN: CR Physical Characteristics: Carapace (top shell) Length: Up to 26cm

Credit: James Compton/TSEA

Distinguishing Features: Traded as: Live animals for the pet trade, often as young animals Fewer dark rays, Top of scutes creamy-white (scales) more background rounded

No line linking centre of star pattern Credit: Jerome Maran Plastron Credit: Mark Auliya/TSEA Adult Burmese Star Tortoise Burmese Star Tortoise Carapace Pattern (Bottom shell) Credit: James Comptom/TSEA Credit: James Comptom/TSEA

Similar to: Geochelone elegans - Indian Star Tortoise Astrochelys (Geochelone) radiata - Radiated Tortoise Pyxis arachnoides - Spider Tortoise Hinge present CITES Appendix II CITES Appendix I CITES Appendix I in some Black rays of star Top of scutes Black rays of pattern extend in (scales) star pattern all directions sharply form fan-like angled design on in adults about one quarter of the scutes (scale)

Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA

Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA Credit: WWF-Canon / Urs WOY Carapace Length: Up to 38cm Plastron Carapace Length: Up to 40cmPlastron Carapace Length: Up to 15cm Plastron* © TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2008 Southeast TRAFFIC ©

* Image Source: Environment Canada All Photographs: Chris Shepherd/TSEA α Check current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org January 2008 Geochelone (Stigmochelys) pardalis - Leopard Tortoise

α Leopard Tortoise International Conservation Status: CITES Appendix II Other Names:

Distribution: Angola; Botswana; Ethiopia; Kenya; Lesotho; Malawi; Mozambique; Namibia; Somalia; South Africa; Sudan; Swaziland; Tanzania; Uganda; Zaire; Zambia; Zimbabwe

Physical Credit: WWF-Canon / Michel TERRETTAZ Characteristics: Carapace (Shell) length: Up to 70cm, Weight: 20kg

Distinguishing Features: First marginal Traded as: Live animals for the pet trade. scutes (scales)

Nuchal scute (scale) absent between the first marginal scutes

Image Source: CITES MA, Switzerland Black patches on the Carapace marginal scutes (edge (Top of shell) scales), especially Image Source: CITES MA, Switzerland visible in young animals

- Shell pattern of black spots and markings on a light cream or yellow background.

- The markings on the shell vary according to the area of origin.

- Some have patterns all over the shell, others have few.

- The design fades with age.

Seizure of Leopard Tortoises Credit: WWF-Canon / Wil LUIIJF © TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2008 Southeast TRAFFIC © All Photographs Credit: Mark Auliya/TSEA

α Check current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org March 2008 Malacochersus tornieri - Pancake Tortoise

α Pancake Tortoise International Conservation Status: CITES Appendix II Other Names: IUCN: VU

Distribution: Kenya; Tanzania; Zimbabwe

Physical Characteristics: Carapace (Top shell) length: 18cm Credit: Fabian Schmidt

Distinguishing Features: Traded as: Live animals for the pet trade.

Shell is flat (even large animals are only about 6cm thick)

Star pattern on carapace (always visible, but less distinct in some animals)

The shell is squarish in shape when viewed from above.

The edges of the shell; both top and bottom (carapace and plastron) are fairly stiff; but the middle sections are soft to the touch.

Carapace (Top shell) Plastron (Bottom shell) Pancake Tortoise on sale in a pet shop Credit: Mark Auliya/TSEA Image Source: Environment Canada © TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2008 Southeast TRAFFIC © All Photographs Credit: Mark Auliya/TSEA

α Check current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org March 2008 Manouria emys - Asian Brown Tortoise

α Asian Brown Tortoise International Conservation Status: CITES Appendix II Other Names: Baning perang, Kura-kura anam kaki (Malaysia), Kadazandusun, Suyan (Sabah, Malaysia), Baning coklat (Indonesia)

Distribution: Bangladesh; India; Indonesia (Sumatra and Borneo); Malaysia; Myanmar; IUCN: EN Thailand, Viet Nam

Physical Characteristics: Length: up to 60cm. Weight: up to 30kg Credit: Chris ShepherdTSEA

Distinguishing Features: There are two subspecies of Manouria emys: Traded as: Live animals for meat and the pet trade Largest of the Asian Tortoises Manouria emys emys is found in Sumatra and Borneo (Indonesia); Malaysia; Southern Thailand Top shell (carapace) and bottom shell (plastron) same Manouria emys phayrei is found in Bangladesh; India; Myanmar; West-central colour - grey, brown or black Thailand

These look slightly different - but both are listed in CITES Appendix II Head brown or black

Manouria emys emys - Manouria emys phayrei - Males have spur on the Pair of scales (scutes) just behind the Pair of scales (scutes) just behind hind legs Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA front legs do not touch in the centre the front legs touch in the centre

Similar to: Manouria impressa Front scutes Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA Impressed Tortoise always protrude. CITES Appendix II Length: up to 31cm

Top and side scales (scutes) curve inwards

Serrated and upturned edge to Scutes square, wide top shell (carapace) seams between them

Credit: Douglas B. Hendrie Scutes above the tail Bottom shell (plastron) Bottom shell (plastron) Distribution: Lao PDR; Malaysia; Myanmar; Thailand; Viet Nam deeply notched Credit: Mark Auliya/TSEA Credit: Mark Auliya/TSEA Credit: Mark Auliya/TSEA © TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2009 Southeast TRAFFIC ©

α Check current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org May 2009 Manouria impressa - Impressed Tortoise

α Impressed Tortoise International Conservation Status: CITES Appendix II Other Names: Banning bukit (Malaysia); Baning Asia (Indonesia)

Distribution: Lao PDR; Malaysia; Myanmar; Thailand; Viet Nam IUCN: VU

Physical Characteristics: Length: up to 33cm Credit: Douglas B. Hendrie

Distinguishing Features: Traded as: Live animals for meat and the pet Top and side scales trade (scutes) concave (depressed) Serrated and upturned edge Yellowish to top shell head (carapace)

Spurs visible on Top shell (carapace) male only golden brown and translucent

Credit: Douglas B. Hendrie Credit: Douglas B. Hendrie

Similar to: Manouria emys Asian Brown Tortoise CITES Appendix II

Largest Asian Tortoise (up to 60cm long). Credit: ENV/R

Head brown or black

Top and bottom shell - grey, brown or black Distribution: Bangladesh; India; Top and side scales do not curve inwards Indonesia (Sumatra and Borneo); Malaysia; Myanmar; Thailand; Edge of top shell not serrated and upturned Viet Nam Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA © TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2009 Southeast TRAFFIC ©

α Check current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org May 2009 Amyda cartilaginea - Asiatic Softshell Turtle

α Asiatic Softshell Turtle International Conservation Status: CITES Appendix II Other Names: Labi labi, Labi labi super, Kuaya emas (Indonesia) IUCN: VU Distribution: Brunei Darussalam; Cambodia; Indonesia; Lao PDR; Malaysia; Myanmar; Singapore; Thailand; Viet Nam

Physical Characteristics: Carapace (Top shell) Length: Up to 100cm Amyda cartilaginea Credit: Mark Auliya Distinguishing Features: Traded as: Live for the meat trade

Carapace (top shell) rounded in shape Front edge of carapace has a rough Yellow dots on texture with small bumps (tubercles) head and neck

Nose is trunk-like and very straight

Credit: Mark Auliya Credit: Mark Auliya Amyda cartilaginea in trade Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA Similar to: Dogania subplana - Malaysan Softshell Turtle IUCN: LR Carapace flat and rather smooth Dark stripe down centre of carapace 2 or 3 dark rims on each side (may be surrounded by a fine line)

Nose is trunk-like and turns down

Credit: Pauli Hien Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA Credit: Mark Auliya Carapace (Top shell) Length: Up to 35cm Front edge of carapace smooth Amyda cartilaginea before shipment (note shell damage) Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA Distribution: Indonesia; Malaysia; Myanmar; Philippines; Singapore with no rough texture © TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2008 Southeast TRAFFIC ©

α Check current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org June 2008 Pelodiscus sinensis - Chinese Softshell Turtle

α Chinese Softshell Turtle International Conservation Status: Not CITES listed Other Names: Labi China (Malaysia), Labi labi Cina (Indonesia)

Distribution: China; Japan; Taiwan; Viet Nam IUCN: VU Captive bred in large numbers

Physical Characteristics: Length: 25 - 35cm Credit: Bui Dang Phong Distinguishing Features: Traded as: - Colour varies considerably (green, brownish grey) Hatchlings: Red/orange (may be yellow or white) but Live animals for the pet trade and always with black spots on rear legs and - May have black markings on carapace (top shell) plastron (bottom shell), red fades with age. for the meat trade - Long nose in comparison to most softshelled turtles Note: pattern varies between individuals - Carapace often grooved One distinct bump on front edge of carapace (top shell)

Credit: Mark Auliya/TSEA Credit: Bui Dang Phong Credit: TSEA Credit: TSEA Credit: Mark Auliya/TSEA Hatchlings for sale in a pet shop Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA

Similar to: Amyda cartilaginea Dogania subplana CITES Appendix II Not CITES Listed IUCN: VU IUCN: LR

- Yellow dots on head and neck - Black line down the centre of the carapace (top shell) - Long straight nose - Front edge of carapace (top shell) smooth - Front edge of carapace (top shell) rough with distinct bumps - Long downturned nose

At a meat market Credit: Mark Auliya/TSEA Credit: Mark Auliya/TSEA Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA © TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2009 Southeast TRAFFIC ©

α Check current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org May 2009 Dyscophus antongilii - Tomato Frog

α Tomato Frog International Conservation Status: CITES Appendix I Other Names: Northern Tomato Frog

IUCN: NT Distribution: Madagascar

Physical Characteristics: Length: 6 - 10.5cm

Credit: Mark Auliya/TSEA Distinguishing Features: Similar to: Dyscophus guineti Southern Tomato Frog / False Tomato Frog Not listed in CITES

Length: 6.4 - 10cm White under chin

Back has no dark Dark speckles pattern, but may Dark brown have darker speckles White under chin markings on the back (may be faint or absent)

Dark bar Irregular black (may be absent) Skin fold or brown band Skin fold

Rear foot partly Rear foot partly webbed webbed

Colour varies, but always more red than Dyscophus guineti Colour varies, but always lighter Traded as: red than Dyscophus antongilii Live animals for Credit: R. Isotti, A. Cambone - Homo ambiens the pet trade Image Source: Environment Canada Image Source: Environment Canada / WWF-Canon © TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2009 Southeast TRAFFIC ©

α Check current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org May 2009 Scleropages formosus - Asian Arowana

α Asian Arowana International Conservation CITES Appendix I Other Names: Ikan Kelisa (Malaysia); Ikan Kelesar (Indonesian); Jinglongyu (Chinese Captive-bred animals can be traded ONLY IF: Hanyupinying), Trey tapawt (Khmer) 1. The breeder is registered with the CITES Authorities AND 2. If the animal is tagged with a microchip, Distribution: Cambodia; Indonesia (Banka Island, Sumatra, Kalimantan); Lao PDR; Malaysia (including Sarawak); Myanmar; Thailand; Viet Nam AND 3. If the animal is at least F2 (captive bred second generation)

Physical IUCN: EN Characteristics: Total Adult Length: Up to 100cm, but most often seen between 50 - 60cm

Distinguishing Features: Similar to: Traded as: Live animals for the Aquarium Scleropages jardini trade (often as juveniles). Dorsal fin Jardin's Arowana Pink spots on the Seven rows of large Five rows of located far back dorsal, caudal and scales on the body Long blunt large scales on the body anal fins snout on the body 1 2 Long 3 barbels 4 5 Large Very short Caudal barbels fin (tail) Total Adult Length: 100cm Large pectoral fins Pink spot Credit: Australia Customs Anal fin located on the gills far back on the Similar to: body Osteoglossum bicirrhosum Adult Adult Silver Arowana 21 - 24 scales along lateral 35 or more scales along lateral from the edge of the gill cover to the from the edge of the gill cover to the Dorsal fin is longer Small base of the caudal fin (tail) base of the caudal fin (tail) and extends all the Caudal fin way to the caudal fin

Anal fin is longer and extends all the way to the caudal fin Juvenile Juvenile Juvenile Total Adult Length: 120cm © TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2008 Southeast TRAFFIC ©

All Photos (except where indicated) credited to: Tan Heok Hui

α Check current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org January 2008 Cheilinus undulatus - Humphead Wrasse

α Humphead Wrasse International Conservation Status: CITES: Appendix II Other Names: Mameng, Licin, Langkawit (Malaysia), So-mei (Chinese) IUCN: EN

Distribution: Indian Ocean: eastern and western; Pacific: eastern central, northwest, western central.

Physical Characteristics: Length: 229cm, Maximum.Weight: 191kg Credit: WWF-Canon / WWF / Hong Kong Cindy Cheng

Distinguishing Features: Traded as: Living animals for the aquarium or restaurant trade. Animals are generally transported whole. Body colour and shape changes Common market weight: 0.5 - 1.0kg and size: 30 - 40cm. with age as shown in this juvenile. Young animals may be kept in grow-out pens until they attain this size.

Most have bright yellow margin to the tail fin Credit: WWF-Canon / Frédéric MONNOT Credit: WWF-Canon / John E. RANDALL

All have distinctive lines Fish Trap used for Humphead Wrasse running through the eye Credit: Debbie Ng

Humphead Wrasse awaiting transfer Credit: Julia Ng / TSEA

*

* Credit: Debbie Ng Credit: Debbie Ng

Similar to: Cheilinus chlorourus Cheilinus trilobatus Floral Maori Wrasse Triple Tail Wrasse _ _ Does not have strong eye stripe or distinct Does not have strong eye stripe or distinct _ bright yellow edge to tail fin. _ bright yellow edge to tail fin. Transfer of Humphead Wrasse Humphead Wrasse on display in Restaurant * Has rows of white spots Has pink dots and rows Credit: Debbie Ng Credit: WWF-Canon / Michele DUPRAZ © TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2008 Southeast TRAFFIC ©

α Check current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org January 2008 Hippocampus spp. - Seahorse spp.

α Hippocampus spp. - Seahorse spp. International Conservation Status: CITES Appendix II Other Names: IUCN: Varies up to EN

Distribution: Temperate and tropical coastal waters (from about 50 degrees north to 50 degrees south).

Physical Characteristics: Vary from 2cm up to 35cm in height.

Credit: Ocean Park Hong Kong Similar to: Distinguishing Features: Traded as: Dried for traditional medicine or souvenirs or as live animals for Pipefish the aquarium trade. Horse-shaped head

- Elongated, long narrow body (like a stretched out and straightened seahorse) - No prehensile tail (but can coil)

Seadragons Dried Seahorses Credit: WWF-Canon / John E. Newby

Prehensile tail

- Elaborate, permanent leaf-like appendages (quantity and appearance differ according to species) Credit: Ocean Park Hong Kong - Deep, laterally flattened body Dried Seahorses on display Dried Seahorses Dried Seahorses on display Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA Credit: TRAFFIC SEA Credit: TRAFFIC SEA

© TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2008 Asia Southeast TRAFFIC © Photo Credits: Ocean Park Hong Kong

α Check current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org January 2008 Tridacnidae spp. - Giant Clam spp.

α Giant Clam spp. International Conservation Status: All Tridacnidae spp. are listed in Other Names: Kima (Malaysia) CITES Appendix II

IUCN: Four listed, status varies from Indo-Pacific Distribution: LR/conservation dependent to VU

Physical Characteristics: Length: up to 130cm, Weight: up to 300kg Credit: TSEA

Distinguishing Features: Traded as: Live Dead (shell only) Meat, shells and live for the aquarium trade Thick flesh covering the body (mantle) extends over the edge of the shell when open Inner shell not pearl-like and shiny

Mantle may be brightly coloured Credit: Claire Beastall Credit: Claire Beastall Giant Clam meat for sale Credit: Aileen Tan Shau-Hwai

Credit: Aileen Tan Shau-Hwai Credit: Alain COMPOST / WWF-Canon

Credit: TSEA Giant Clam meat for sale Credit: Aileen Tan Shau-Hwai Credit: Mauri RAUTAKRI - WWF/Canon Credit: Claire Beastall © TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2009 Southeast TRAFFIC ©

α Check current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org May 2009 Nepenthes spp. - Pitcher Plants Pitcher Plants α International Conservation Status: Two species: Nepenthes rajah and Nepenthes khasiana Other Names: are listed in CITES APPENDIX I All other Nepenthes are listed on CITES APPENDIX II*

Distribution: From northern Australia throughout Southeast Asia to southern China

Distinguishing Features: CITES I Listed species: - Distinctive - vine like with thin stems and long narrow leaves (occasionally has branches) Nepenthes rajah Nepenthes macfarlanei (upper pitchers) Credit: Carrol Lawrence IUCN: EN - Pitcher emerges from the tip of the leaf - but NOTE: You should contact local experts not all leaves will develop pitchers Distribution: Malaysia (Sabah - Mount Kinabalu and for further definitive identification. Mount Tamboyukon only) The pitcher Traded as: Live plants grows from a tendril which is One of several an extension species where the of the leaf. tendril starts from NOTE: Smugglers often the underside of the cut off the last 1/3 of the leaf, around 1/3 leaf, removing all pitchers from the tip. and tendrils to make identification more difficult.

Pitcher may grow up to 35cm high Nepenthes rafflesiana in trade Credit: Carrol Lawrence Nepenthes albomarginata Nepenthes albomarginata and 18cm wide and Credit: Carrol Lawrence Credit: K.Kaliyanan hold over 3 litres of liquid. Nepenthes rajah Credit: Carrol Lawrence *CITES APPENDIX II listed species:

Nepenthes khasiana All parts and derivatives, except: a) seeds, spores and pollen (including pollinia); IUCN: Not listed b) seedling or tissue cultures obtained in vitro, in solid or Distribution: India liquid media; transported in sterile containers. Nepenthes burbidgeae Nepenthes macfarlanei Nepenthes sanguinea Credit: Carrol Lawrence Credit: Carrol Lawrence

© TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2008 Southeast TRAFFIC © (lower pitchers) Credit: Carrol Lawrence

α Check current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org July 2008 CITES APPENDIX I species Orchidaceae ORCHIDACEAE sheet 1 of 2

Orchids α Other Names: Anggerik (Malaysia) International Conservation Status: Over 25,000 species known - identification is difficult but flowers do share certain traits. CITES Appendix I: 8 listed* Seedlings or tissue cultures of these which are: obtained in vitro, S Flowers share certain traits: in solid or liquid media, transported in sterile containers are not subject to CITES - 3 sepals outside the petals (may look like a petal) (S) CITES Appendix II: All other ORCHIDACEAE spp. PP - 3 petals (P), one (highly modified) forms a lip (L) and may (See www.cites.org for exclusion details ) Credit: REACH/Amran C be different in colour, shape & size to the other petals Paphiopedilum lowii SS- Left side of flower mirror image to the right NOTE: All Wild Orchids require a CITES Permit L - Male and female flower parts fused into a column (C) Traded as: Live specimens (not always in flower), cut flowers, souvenirs Credit: REACH/Amran

Slipper Orchids: Eg. Phaphiopedilum spp. and Phragmipedium spp. CITES Appendix I listed Orchids* found in Southeast Asia Typical flower structure: S S Dendrobium cruentum Renanthera imschootiana Front view Back view Distribution: Thailand Distribution: India, and Malaysia Myanmar, Viet Nam 2 sepals fused C P (not visible P from the front) 2 sepals - P fused L L P

Credit: REACH/Carrol Credit: Greg Allikas Credit: Nik Ahamad Fahmi CITES Appendix I listed Orchids* Paphiopedilum spp. Distribution: South and Southeast Dendrobium cruentum Distribution: Thailand; Malaysia Asia, China, Papua New Guinea Renanthera imschootiana Distribution: India; Myanmar; Viet Nam Leaf: - Leathery with a prominent middle rib Paphiopedilum spp. (+/- 62 spp.) Distribution: South and Southeast Asia; China; Papua New Guinea - V-shaped in cross-section. (+/- 17 spp.) Phragmipedium spp. Distribution: Central and South America - Usually short (under 20cm). Aerangis ellisii Distribution: Madagascar - Colour varies from plain or glossy green to mottled purple). Laelia (Sophronitis) lobata Distribution: Brazil Eg. Paphiopedilum barbatum Laelia (Sophronitis) jongheana Distribution: Brazil Credit: REACH/Amran

Peristeria elata Distribution: Costa Rica; Panama; Venezuela; Colombia NOTE: You should contact local experts for further definitive identification. © TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2008 Southeast TRAFFIC ©

α Check current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org January 2008 Identification of Wild Orchids Orchidaceae Orchidaceae sheet 2 of 2

Orchids α All Wild Orchids require a CITES Permit... International Conservation Status: CITES Appendix II: All Orchids Wild Artificially Propogated Quantity: Usually shipped in small numbers Usually shipped in greater numbers Except for 8 listed (see Orchidaceae (less than 20 specimens) (more than 20 specimens) CITES APPENDIX I sheet 1 of 2)

Size: Specimen size varies Specimens similar in size

Roots: Often unhealthy, few in number, damaged Usually healthy, growth may be in the or cut away. Growth direction differs shape of the container. Artificial growth from that expected from present medium may be evident (charcoal, agar, container. May find algae, small ferns, coconut husk, sphagnum moss etc.) tree bark, tree branch, rock, sand and small animals such as snails or insects. Credit: WWF-Canon / Wil LUIIJF

General Unhealthy, leaves may be mottled or Healthy with no damage to leaves Appearance: dull in colour, often damaged (insect, (insect, mould, algae, lichen) mould, algae, lichen) NOTE: You should contact local experts for further definitive identification.

How to distinguish Wild from Artificially Propagated Orchids - What to look for... Wild Orchid Roots: Wild Orchid Leaves: Wild Orchid General Appearance: Artificially propagated orchids: Might... Might...... such as those grown in vitro culture ...show variation in ...be crushed or torn are not subject to CITES growth direction (do ...show signs of ...plants artificially grown for export not grow in the shape chewing by insects or recieve exactly the same treatment, of a pot) small mammals are of the same size, age and health ...be torn or damaged; and so will look almost identical. new roots may grow Credit: Royal Botanic Gardens Kew from old damaged Credit: Royal Botanic ...have light coloured Gardens Kew root material spots or holes caused Uneven growth ...have part of the by insects original substrate still attached ...be damaged through Often with dried inflorescent or pod. ...be dead (fleshy outer desiccation (less layer withered into a swollen and cracked brown powdery especially along the midrib) Credit: REACH/Carrol substance Credit: REACH/Carrol Credit: REACH/Carrol Credit: Royal Botanic Gardens Kew © TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2008 Southeast TRAFFIC ©

α Check current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org January 2008 Gonystylus spp. - Ramin spp.

α Ramin International Conservation Status: CITES Appendix II Other Names: Bengol, Gaharu, Melawis, Garu Buaja, Lanutan-bagio IUCN: 15 species listed VU

Distribution: Brunei Darussalam; Indonesia, Malaysia; Papua New Guinea; Philippines; Solomon Islands

Steps towards Identification: 1. Take a sample of the wood to examine. 2. Examine the trimmed surface. Credit: Chen Hing Keong/TSEA Cut this from a transverse section Use a very sharp knife Use a 14x hand You will need to to trim a small area lens to examine hold the lens close Traded as: from the surface of the trimmed to your eye to see the transverse clearly Sawn timber, treated section timber, often used for door frames, picture frames, baby cots and rulers.

Image Source: Environment Canada

What you should see: Ramin Similar to: Heartwood whitish to pale yellow.

Moderately hard and heavy

Vessels NOT obviously Gonystylus sp. Alstonia scholaris Hevea brasiliensis arranged in growth rings

Vessels usually solitary, but may be multiple

Winged structure surrounding vessels Gonystylus sp. Dyera costulata Endospermium malaccense NOTE: You should contact local experts Ramin may be stained in many colours for further definitive identification. Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA Image Source: Forest Products Laboratory, US Forest Service © TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2008 Southeast TRAFFIC ©

α Check current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org May 2008 The Association of Southeast Asian Nations Wildlife Enforcement Network (ASEAN-WEN) involves Police, Customs and environment agencies of all 10 ASEAN countries – Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Lao P.D.R., Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore, Viet Nam and Thailand.

ASEAN-WEN co-ordinates the regional response to illegal trade in protected species, which threatens biodiversity, endangers public health, and undermines economic wellbeing.

ASEAN-WEN is: * A regional INTERGOVERNMENTAL law-enforcement network designed to combat the illegal wildlife trade * A proactive response to Southeast Asia’s alarming levels of wildlife trafficking and loss * A mechanism by which countries can share information and learn from each other's best practices

ASEAN-WEN receives support from the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) and U.S. Department of State, as well as in-kind donations from ASEAN Member Countries. ASEAN WEN Support Programme

TRAFFIC, the wildlife trade monitoring network, works to ensure that Wildlife Alliance works with local governments, communities and other trade in wild plants and animals is not a threat to the conservation of like-minded NGOs which aim to conserve the environment and stop nature. It has offices covering most parts of the world and works in the illegal wildlife trade by directly protecting wildlife in the field, close co-operation with the Secretariat of the Convention on International reducing consumer demand, and providing alternative livelihoods for Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) local communities.

For further information contact: For further information contact: Regional Director TRAFFIC Southeast Asia Wildlife Alliance FREELAND Foundation Unit 1 - 2, 1st Floor 1150 17th Street NW 591 UBC II Bldg., 10th Fl., Room 1001 Jalan SS23/11, Taman SEA, Suite 403 Soi Sukhumvit 33, Sukhumvit Road 47400 Petaling Jaya Washington, DC North Klongton, Wattana Selangor TRAFFIC is a joint 20036 Bangkok 10110 MALAYSIA programme of USA THAILAND Tel: +603 7880 3940 Fax: +603 7882 0171 Tel: +1 202 223 6350 Tel: +662 204 2719 to 21 Website: www.traffic.org Fax: +1 202 223 6352 Fax: +662 204 2722 Website: www.wildlifealliance.org Website: www.freeland.org © TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2008