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Adaptive Optics in Full-Field Spatially Incoherent Interferometry and Its Retinal Imaging Peng Xiao

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Adaptive optics in full-field spatially incoherent interferometry and its retinal imaging Peng Xiao To cite this version: Peng Xiao. Adaptive optics in full-field spatially incoherent interferometry and its retinal imaging. Hu- man health and pathology. Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2017. English. NNT : 2017PSLET015. tel-02310664 HAL Id: tel-02310664 https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02310664 Submitted on 10 Oct 2019 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. THÈSE DE DOCTORAT de l’Université de recherche Paris Sciences et Lettres PSL Research University Préparée à École Supérieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris ADAPTIVE OPTICS IN FULL-FIELD SPATIALLY INCOHERENT INTERFEROMETRY AND ITS RETINAL IMAGING Ecole doctorale n°564 École Doctorale Physique en Île-de-France Spécialité Physique COMPOSITION DU JURY : M. ROUSSET Gérard Université Paris-Diderot, Rapporteur Mme. LEVEQUE-FORT Sandrine Université Paris-Sud, Rapporteur Mme. MAITRE Agnès Soutenue par PENG XIAO UPMC, Présidente du jury le 16 Novembre 2017 h M. PAQUES Michel UPMC, Membre du jury Dirigée par Mathias FINK et A. Claude BOCCARA M. MEIMON Serge ONERA, Membre du jury M. FINK Mathias ESPCI, Directeur de thèse M. BOCCARA Claude ESPCI, Co-Directeur de thèse THÈSE DE DOCTORAT de l’université de recherche Paris Sciences et Lettres PSL Research University Spécialité Optique Physique (ED 564 - Physique en Île-de-France) Préparée à l’Institut Langevin - Ondes et Images École Supérieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris Présentée par Peng XIAO sous la direction de Mathias FINK et A. Claude BOCCARA Pour obtenir le grade de DOCTEUR de l’UNIVERSITÉ DE RECHERCHE PARIS SCIENCES ET LETTRES Sujet de la thèse : Adaptive optics in full-field spatially incoherent interferometry and its retinal imaging Soutenue le 16 Novembre 2017 devant le jury composé de : M. ROUSSET Gérard Rapporteur Mme. LEVEQUE-FORT Sandrine Rapporteur Mme. MAITRE Agnès Présidente du jury M. PAQUES Michel Examinateur M. MEIMON Serge Examinateur M. FINK Mathias Directeur de thèse M. BOCCARA Claude Co-Directeur de thèse Acknowledgements Firstly, I would like to offer my sincere appreciation to my thesis advisors Prof. Mathias FINK and Prof. A. Claude BOCCARA for giving me this great opportunity to work with and learn from them. I could not have imagined having better advisors and mentors for my PhD study. Their guidance as well as the independence they have given to me are indispensable and crucial for me to tackle every obstacle during my PhD training. Their passion and attitude toward research and life have motivated me greatly to become a good researcher as well as a good person. I am immensely grateful to Claude for his trust and comfort during my hardest period when I first arrived in France. I could have not come to this step without his support. Besides my advisors, I would also like to thank the rest of my honorable jury members for their valuable time to review my thesis and participate in my thesis defense. Thanks to Prof. Gérard ROUSSET, Serge MEIMON and Sandrine LEVEQUE-FORT for writing the thesis reports with their professional suggestions and comments. Thanks to Prof. Michel PAQUES for his insightful comments from the point of view as a medical doctor and thanks to Prof. Agnès MAITRE for being the president of the jury and writing the defense report for me. My gratitude also goes to the former and current FFOCT group members: Olivier, Clément, Slava, Egidijus, Jules, Amir, Thu-mai and Daria, with whom I have shared the lab, experiment components, research ideas and problems, stimulating discussions as well as conference trips together. I am also grateful to our cooperators: Prof. Jose-alain SAHEL, Kate GRIEVE, Kristina IRSCH and Romain in Institut de la Vision for their discussions and suggestions. My time in Institut Langevin was enjoyable in large part due to my fellow office-mates and friends: Slava, Léo, Olivier, Marion, Clément, Aurélien, Vincent, Jean-Baptiste, Yann, Baptiste, Kammel, Florian and Sander. Thanks for sharing those coffee breaks, drinks, parties, as well as the KTV and HOT POT night. All are unforgeable memories for my life in France. There are much more than a thank-you I would like to say to my closest friends in Paris. We have shared innumerable memorable moments in France with both joys and sorrows. And I am also thankful to all my best friends in China for their continuous support. All of them are true friendships that I will treasure for a lifetime. Last but not least, I would like to give my biggest appreciation and gratitude to my family for their unconditional love and support in all my endeavours. Abstract (English) This thesis follows the study and development of an adaptive optics full-field optical coherence tomography (AO-FFOCT) system, aiming for high resolution en face human retinal imaging. During the quantification of the effects of geometrical aberrations on the FFOCT system per- formance, it is shown that, with spatially incoherent illumination, the lateral resolution of FFOCT is insensitive to aberrations, which only cause the FFOCT signal reduction. Since low order aberrations like myopia and astigmatism dominate in human eye, a non-conjugate AO configuration by using transmissive wavefront corrector is suggested and applied for low order aberrations correction to simplify the AO-FFOCT system. Wavefront corrections are done with a wavefront sensorless method by using FFOCT signal level as the metric. Experiments with scattering samples and artificial eye model are conducted to demonstrate the feasibility of the customized AO-FFOCT system for aberration correction. In order to resolve the eye motion effects and employ real-time matching of the optical path lengths of the two interferomet- ric arms in FFOCT, a system combination of traditional spectral-domain OCT with FFOCT is adopted. With this combined system, high resolution FFOCT cellular retinal imaging is achieved in human eye in vivo for the first time. Keywords: Full-field optical coherence tomography, Adaptive optics, Spatial coherence, High resolution, Retinal imaging, Ophthalmology Résumé (Français) Cette thèse traite de l’étude et du développement d’un système d’optique adaptative pour la tomographie par cohérence optique plein champ (AO-FFOCT en anglais) appliquée à l’imagerie haute résolution de la rétine. L’analyse de l’effet des aberrations géométriques sur les perfor- mances en FFOCT a montré que pour une illumination spatialement incohérente, la résolution transverse est insensible aux aberrations et ne fait que diminuer le niveau du signal. Comme ce sont des aberrations de bas ordres comme la myopie et l’astigmatisme qui prédominent pour l’œil humain, une méthode d’optique adaptative avec une configuration sans conjugaison qui utilise une correction de front d’onde en transmission est suggérée, puis appliquée à la correction de ces ordres afin de simplifier le système d’AO-FFOCT. Des corrections de front d’onde sont effectuées sans analyseur de surface d’onde, en utilisant le niveau du signal de FFOCT comme métrique. Des expériences avec des échantillons diffusants et un œil artificiel sont menées pour démontrer la faisabilité d’un système d’AO-FFOCT conçu pour la correction d’aberration. Afin de résoudre les problèmes posés par les mouvements oculaires et de compenser en temps réel la différence de chemin optique entre les deux bras de l’interféromètre, l’instrument de FFOCT est couplé à un système d’OCT spectral. Avec cette combinaison de systèmes, l’imagerie FFOCT in vivo cellulaire de la rétine à haute résolution a été réalisée pour la première fois sur l’œil humain. Mots clés: Tomographie par cohérence optique plein champ, Optique adaptative, Cohérence spatiale, Haute résolution, Imagerie de la rétine, Ophtalmologie Contents Introduction 1 I Optical Coherence Tomography and Adaptive Optics in Reti- nal Imaging 5 1 Optical coherence tomography (OCT) 7 1.1 Imaginginscatteringmedia . ..... 8 1.2 IntroductionofOCT ............................... .. 9 1.3 Lowcoherenceinterferometry(LCI) . ........ 11 1.4 OCTperformances ................................. 13 1.4.1 Axialresolution............................... 13 1.4.2 Lateralresolution. .. .. .. .. 13 1.4.3 Fieldofview ................................. 14 1.4.4 Sensitivity................................... 15 1.5 OCTtechniques................................... 15 1.5.1 ScanningOCT ................................ 15 1.5.2 ParallelOCT ................................. 17 2 Wavefront correction with adaptive optics 19 2.1 Wavefrontaberration . .. .. .. .... 20 2.2 Aberration representation with Zernike polynomials . .............. 20 2.3 Strehlratio ..................................... 22 2.4 Adaptiveoptics(AO).............................. ... 23 2.4.1 IntroductionofAO .............................. 23 2.4.2 Wavefrontcorrector. .. 24 2.4.3 Directwavefrontsensing . ... 27 2.4.4 Indirect wavefront measurement based on image analysis ......... 27 2.5 Computationaladaptiveoptics. ....... 30 3 The human eye
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