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Mammalogieferraedef.Ppt CARNIVORA - Šelmy 286 spp. 126 g. 15 f. Carnivora (zejm. „Fissipedia“): diag. znaky • Fissipedia vs. Pinnipedia • Predátoři s četnými adqptacemi • heterodontní chrup 3-1-4-3/3-1-4-3, C, trháky P4/-M/1 • Zpravidla větší formy: • Příčný čelistní kloub, kompletní glabela, čelistní muskulatura s dominancí m.temporalis, spodní posice čelistního kloubu • Min: Mustela nivalis (50 g) – max: • Bulla tympani tvořená ekto- a entotympanicem U.a.middendorfi 1000 kg – Mirougna • Srůst scaphoid + lunatum: scapholunatum, volné centrale chybí 5000 kg prům- ca 10 kg • Radius a ulna volné, bez srůstu a redukcí • Clavicula chybí • Sekodontní stoličky, C, trháky – P4/ - • Testes extrabdominální (ne u Phocidae) M/1 • Penis s baculem (chybí u Hyaenidae) • Uterus bicornis • Placenta zonaria, endothelochoriální • Altriciální juv. (extrém Ursidae až 1:1000), relativně krátká gravidita (ale častá zpožděná implantace(Mustelidae, Ursidae) • Specifické žlázy v anogenitální oblasti • Laterální duplikatura na boltci (bursa auricularis) • Rhinarium (philtrum jen u Melurusus) • Dokonalý zrak, tapetum lucidum • Plantigrádní (Mustelidae, Procyonidae, Ursidae) resp. digitigrádní (Canidae, Felidae, Hyaenidae, Viverridae partim) s redukcí prstů: prsty (drápy): Canidae a Felidae 5 (4), Hyaenidae 4(4) • Femur bez trochanter tertius • Arteria stapedialis redukována • Panthera pardus Canis lupus Crocuta crocuta 1 Carnivoramorpha Wyss & Flynn, 1993 [Carnivora sensu lato] |?- †Aelurotherium |?- †Eosictis |?- †Elmensius |?- †Intyrictis vanvaleni (MacIntyre, 1966) Gingerich & Winkler, 1985 [Bryanictis vanvaleni MacIntyre, 1966] |?- †Notoamphicyon |?- †Ravenictis krausei Fox & Youzwyshyn, 1994; L.Paleoc. NA. [listed as a cimolestan by McKenna & bell, 1997] |?- †Vishnucyon `--+-- †Viverravidae Wortman & Matthew, 1899 [incl. Didymictidae] [Viverraroidea:] `--+--o †Oodectes Wortman, 1901 [Oödectes Wortman, 1901] [paraphyletic Miacoidea: Miacidae] | |-- †O. herpestoides Wortman, 1901 | |-- †O. proximus(Matthew, 1909b | `-- †O. jepseni Guthrie, 1967 `--+--o †Vulpavus Marsh, 1871b [Phlaodectes] [paraphyletic Miacoidea: Miacidae] | |-- †V. canavus (Cope, 1881) | |-- †V. australis | |-- †V. palustris Marsh, 1871b | |-- †V. profectus Matthew, 1909d | `-- †V. ovatus Matthew, 1909d `--+-- †Miacis parvivorus Cope, 1872c `--+--+--o †Tapocyon Stock, 1934 [paraphyletic Miacoidea: Miacidae] [| | |-- †T. dawsonae Wesley & Flynn, 2003] | | `-- †T. robustus (Peterson, 1919)] | `--+-- †Miacis sylvestris (Marsh, 1872) | `-- †Prohesperocyon wilsoni (Gustafson, 1986) Wang, 1994 `--+-- †Quergygale angustidens (Filhol, 1872) Kretzoi, 1945 sensu Wesley-Hunt & Werdelin, 2005 [Viverra angustidens Filhol, 1872; Humbertia Beaumont, 1966] [incl. Viverra hastingsae Davies, 1884; “Cynodon” helveticus (Rütimeyer, 1862)] `--o Carnivora Bowdich, 1821 sensu Wyss & Flynn, 1993 (sensu stricto) (carnivores; petoeläimet) |-- Caniformia Kretzoi, 1943 (dog-like carnivores;) `-- Aeluroidea (cat-like carnivores; 2 +Creodonta • Paleocén-eocén (olig) N Amer., Eurasie • Arctocyonidae • diversifikovaná skupina faunivorních linií • Oxyenidae • od Carnivora se liší zejm. výrazně nízkou encefalisací, morasiací premolárů a maximisací • Hyaenodontidae M1/1 oposice, absence charakteristického srůstu • Mesonychidae carpálních kostí (centrale+semilunare+scaphoid+scapholunare) atd. • „sesterská skupina“ „Condylarthra“ 3 4 jako u Condylarthra ! Fosilní záznam: Carnivora: Viverravidae a „Miacidae“ Pa/Eo - N Am, rec čeledi od Mio chybí v Au, Nz : Laurasijská skupina Cr - Pa - diversifikace Creodonta Creodonta vs. Carnivora Caniformia Feliformia 5 Carnivora: klasifikace • WR 2005: 126 286 Fissipedia Feliformia • Canidae: PSOVITÍ 4 - 14 • Felidae 14 40 • Ursidae: Medvědovití 5 - 9 • Viverridae 15 35 • Procyonidae: Medvídkovití 6 -18 Mustelidae: Lasicovití 25 - 65 • Eupleridae 7 8 • Viverridae: Cibetkovití 20 - 34 • Nandiniidae 1 1 • Herpestidae: Promykovití 18 -37 • Herpestidae 14 33 • Hyaenidae: Hyenovití 2 – 3 • Hyaenidae 3 4 • Protelidae: Hyenkovití 1 - 1 Caniformia • Felidae: Kočkovití 18 – 36 • Canidae 13 35 • Ursidae 5 8 Pinnipedia: „Ploutvonožci“ • Otariidae 7 16 • Otariidae: Lachtanovití 7- 14 • Odobenidae 1 1 • Odobenidae: Mrožovití 1-1 • Phocidae 13 19 • Phocidae: Tuleňovití 10 - 19 • Mustelidae 22 59 • Mephitidae 4 12 • Procyonidae 6 14 • Ailuridae 1 1 • Caniformia • (Canis,Ursus) • Feliformia (Viverridae) Feliformia: 121 spp. 54 g. 6 f. • Bulla rozdělena bilaminárním septem (ekto+entotympanicum) na dva oddíly • P4/ s výrazným parastylem - zub je tříhrotý • M3/ a M/3 chybí • Baculum malé či chybí • M2/ zcela redukována či chybí (u Felidae a Hyaenidae) • Cowperovy žlázy dobře vyvinuty • Prostata velká, dvoulaloková • Kopulace krátké a časté 6 Felidae • Rhinarium osrstěné • Jazylka s vazivovým suspensoriem (řev) • Kruhová pupila • F.infraorb. Felinae vs. Pantherinae • Acinonyx jubatus Felidae: Felinae • Caracal caracal • Catopuma badia, temminckii • Felis bieti, catus, chaus, manul, margarita, nigripes, silvestris, • Leopardus braccatus, colocolo, geoffroyi, guigna, jacobitus, pajeros, pardalis, tigrinus,wiedii, • Leptailurus serval • Lynx canadensis, lynx, pardinus, rufus • Pardofelis marmorata (inc.sedis - rel. k Panterinae) • Prionailurus bengalensis, iriomotensis, planiceps, rubiginosus, viverinus • Profelis aurata • Puma concolor, yagouaroundi (sister to Acinonyx) Felidae: Pantherinae Felidae: Pantherinae • Neofelis nebulosa • Panthera leo, onca, pardus, tigris • Uncia uncia • Neofelis nebulosa 7 • Pardofelis marmorata Catopuma badia Catopuma temmincki • Prionailurus viverinus P.planiceps • Panthera onca • Panthera tigris • P.pardus • Panthera leo • Uncia uncia Lynx lynx L.pardinus L.canadensis • • Acinonyx jubatus • Puma concolor Puma yagouaroundi • Lynx rufus 8 Felidae: +Machairodontinae • Dinofelinae, Smilodontinae, • Oncifelis geoffroyi Machairodontinae (Homotheriinae) • Oncifelis colocolo • Oncifelis guigna Machairodus giganteus, Machairodus U- Smilodon Mio –Plei U Mio China Mio N am + Nimraviidae (Eo-Mio) Paralelní skupina šavluzubých „koček“ , nepříbuzná Felidae: bullae bez přepážky, chrupavčité, C úzké nožovité Dinyctis U-Eo Hoplonepheus Ol, NAm velcí • Smilodon Thylacosmilus Barbourofelis (U-Mi NA) Eusmilus Ol, drobní • Panthera • Homotherium 9 Hyaenidae - hyenovití 3 g. 4 spp. Rec. Af., fosilní – Af- Eu-As , typ.stavba těla (kratší zadní konč., absence bakula, mohutné perianální žlázy, bullae feliformní, přepážka • Hyaena brunaea – S Af • Hyaena hyaena – Af, Arabie, stře.Asie, E-Indie • Hyaena Crocuta 10 Hyaenidae Viverridae - cibetky • Proteles cristatus • Geneta tigrina (ženetka Monogamní, noční, skvrnitá termiti, 7-14 kg Viverridae: Paradoxurinae Viverridae: Hemigalinae • Arctitis binturong • Arctogalidia trivirgata • Chrotogale owstoni • Macrogalidia • Cynogale bennettii musschenbroecki (Celebes) • Diplogale hosei • Paguma larvata • Hemigalus derbyanus • Paradoxurus hermaphroditus jerdoni, zeylonensis Viverridae: Viverrinae Viverridae: Prionodontinae • Civettictis civetta • Genetta abyssinica, angolensis, bourloni, cristata, • Prionodon linsang, pardicolor genetta, johnstoni, maculata, pardina, piscivora(=Osbornictis), poensis, servalian, thierryi, tigrina, victoriae • Poiana leightoni, richardsoni • Viverra civettina, megaspilla, tangalunga, zibetha • Viverricula indica 11 Viverridae: Viverrinae • Civettictis civetta • Genetta abyssinica, angolensis, bourloni, cristata, genetta, johnstoni, maculata, pardina, piscivora(=Osbornictis), poensis, servalian, thierryi, tigrina, victoriae • Poiana leightoni, richardsoni • Viverra civettina, megaspilla, tangalunga, zibetha • Viverricula indica • Genetta (karnivorní) Hemigalus (omnivorní) Nandiniidae - nandinie • outplesiomorfie (stavba bullae), molekul.data • Monotypická (? rel. Paradoxurinae) • Nandinia binotata Herpestidae - promykovití Herpestidae • Atilax paludinosus • Mungos mungo • Bdelogale crassicaudata, jacksoni, nigripes • Crossarchus alexandri, ansorgei, obscurus, platycephalus • Cynictis penicillata • Dologale dybowskii • Galarella flavescens, ochracea, pulverulenta, sanguiinea, • Helogale hirtula, parvula • Herpestes brachyurus, edwardsi, fuscus, javanicus, semitorqueatus, smithii, urva,viticollis, ichneumon, naso • Ichneumia albicaudata • Liberiictis kuhni • Mungos gambianus, mungo • Paracynictis selousi • Rhynochogale melleri • Afrika, S-SE Asie • Suricata sucricatta 12 Herpestidae - promykovití • Atilax paludinosus • Bdelogale crassicaudata, jacksoni, nigripes • Crossarchus alexandri, ansorgei, obscurus, platycephalus • Cynictis penicillata • Dologale dybowskii • Galarella flavescens, ochracea, pulverulenta, sanguiinea, • Helogale hirtula, parvula • Herpestes brachyurus, edwardsi, fuscus, javanicus, semitorqueatus, smithii, urva,viticollis, ichneumon, naso • Ichneumia albicaudata • Liberiictis kuhni • Mungos gambianus, mungo • Paracynictis selousi • Rhynochogale melleri • Afrika, S-SE Asie • Suricata sucricatta Herpestidae - promyky • Atilax paludinosus • Bdelogale crassicaudata, jacksoni, nigripes • Crossarchus alexandri, ansorgei, obscurus, platycephalus • Cynictis penicillata • Dologale dybowskii • Galarella flavescens, ochracea, pulverulenta, sanguiinea, • Helogale hirtula, parvula • Herpestes brachyurus, edwardsi, fuscus, javanicus, semitorquatus, smithii, urva,viticollis, ichneumon, naso • Ichneumia albicaudata • Liberiictis kuhni • Mungos gambianus, mungo • Paracynictis selousi • Mangusta liščí Cynictis penicillata • Rhynochogale melleri • Suricata sucricatta • Mungos mungo Eupleridae: Euplerinae (Mdg.) • Euplerotes gouldotii puchol
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