DOCSLIB.ORG

A Statistical Account of Bengal

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A Statistical Account of Bengal This is a reproduction of a library book that was digitized by Google as part of an ongoing effort to preserve the information in books and make it universally accessible. https://books.google.com i. ■ A STATISTICAL ACCOUNT OF BENGAL. VOL. XII. ' PRINTED BY BALLANTYNK, HANSON AND CO. EDINBURGH AND LONDON 4 / N Statistical Account of Bengal. By W. W. HUNTER, B.A., LL.D., DIRECTOR-GENERAL OF STATISTICS TO THE GOVERNMENT OF INDIA ; ■t OF THE COUNCIL OF THE ROYAL ASIATIC SOC1ETV J HONORARY OR FOREIGN MEMBER OF THE tOYAL INSTITUTE OF NETHERLANDS INDIA AT THE HAGUE, OF THE INST1TUTO VASCO DA GAMA OF PORTUGUESE INDIA, OF THE DUTCH SOCIETY IN JAVA, AND OF THE ETHNOLOGICAL SOCIETY, LONDON ; HONORARY FELLOW OF THE CALCUTTA UNIVERSITY; ORDINARY FELLOW OF THE ROYAL GEOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY, ETC. VOLUME XII. DISTRICTS OF GAYA AND ShXhAbXD. TLIE ACCOUNT OF GAYA HAS BEEN COMPILED BY D. B. ALLEN, Esq. ; AND THAT OF SIIAhAbAD BY MESSRS D. B. ALLEN, A. W. MACKIE, and H. H. RISLEY, ASSISTANTS TO THE DIRECTOR-GBNERAL OF STATISTICS. TRUBNER & CO., LONDON, 1877. / . ' PREFACE TO VOLUME XII. OF THE STATISTICAL ACCOUNT OF BENGAL. This Volume treats of the Districts of Gaya and Shihabad, separated from each other by the broad channel of the River S6n, but possessing many features in common. The moun tain plateau of Central India here approaches the valley of the Ganges, and the characteristic scenery and climate of Lower Bengal begin to undergo a change. The average annual rainfall does not exceed forty inches, while in summer the dry winds of Northern Hindustan make them selves felt. During the rains, the rivers are subject to violent floods ; but in the dry season they dwindle into trickling streams or lines of pools amid long expanses of sand. Though the soil is fertile, where it can be artificially watered, it does not produce the luxuriant vegetation which spontaneously springs up among the swamps of the Gangetic delta. The annual out-turn of the crops is barely sufficient to support the dense local population. In Gaya District, the hills fringe the southern boundary, and throw out isolated ridges and clusters into the level plains. These detached peaks possess a historical import ance, as being associated with the life of the founder of the Buddhist faith. In modern times, an additional reli gious interest has gathered round the town of Gaya, the 6 PREFACE. burial-place of the Hindu god of the lower regions, and pilgrims flock to it in thousands from the furthest corners of the Peninsula. The physical aspect of Shahabad District is more varied. A large area to the south is entirely occupied by the Kaimur plateau, an elevated tract overgrown with jungle, from which the hill torrents leap through picturesque glens down to the plain beneath. The plain divides itself into an alluvial portion, watered by the annual overflow of the Ganges, and a somewhat higher tract over which the main system of the S6n Canals is destined to distribute fertility. Shahabad is rich in historical sites. Ruins of aboriginal strongholds are scattered through the country. Secluded on the Kaimur plateau is perched the hill-fort of Rohtasgarh, which figures prominently in the annals of native warfare. At Sasseram was born and buried the Afghan Emperor Sher Shah, whose signal victory over his Mughul rival, Humayun, was won at Chausa, also within the limits of this District. A few miles from Chausa lies Baxar, the scene of the crowning battle which gave Bengal to the British ; while the Head-quarter Station of Arrah recalls one of the most glorious pages in the story of the Mutiny of 1857. The total area dealt with in this volume amounts to 9103 square miles, containing, in 1872, a population of 3,673,724 souls. 1877. W. W. H. table of contents: districts of gayA and shAhAbAd. District of GayA — PAGES Topography and General Aspects, 17-28 Area and Boundaries, . 17-18 Jurisdiction, ...... 18 Physical Aspects, . 18-19 Hills, 19 River System, .... 19-23 River Traffic and Fisheries, . 23-25 Lines of Drainage, .... 25 Mineral Products, .... 25-26 Forest and Jungle Products, . 26-27 Feree Naturae, . 28 The People, ..... 28-82 Population, including the Census of 1872, . 28-32 Ethnical Division of the People, . 32-34 Immigration and Emigration, . 34-35 List of Castes, . 35 -3 8 Religious Division of the People, . 39-41 Division of the People into Town and Country, 41-42 List of Towns and Villages, etc., . 42-65 6 PREFACE. burial-place of the Hindu god of the lower regions, and pilgrims flock to it in thousands from the furthest corners of the Peninsula. The physical aspect of Shdhdbdd District is more varied. A large area to the south is entirely occupied by the Kaimur plateau, an elevated tract overgrown with jungle, from which the hill torrents leap through picturesque glens down to the plain beneath. The plain divides itself into an alluvial portion, watered by the annual overflow of the Ganges, and a somewhat higher tract over which the main system of the Son Canals is destined to distribute fertility. Shdhdbdd is rich in historical sites. Ruins of aboriginal strongholds are scattered through the country. Secluded on the Kaimur plateau is perched the hill-fort of Rohtdsgarh, which figures prominently in the annals of native warfare. At Sdsserdm was born and buried the Afghdn Emperor Sher Shdh, whose signal victory over his Mughul rival, Humdyun, was won at Chausd, also within the limits of this District. A few miles from Chausd lies Baxdr, the scene of the crowning battle which gave Bengal to the British ; while the Head-quarter Station of Arrah recalls one of the most glorious pages in the story of the Mutiny of 1857. The total area dealt with in this volume amounts to 9103 square miles, containing, in 1872, a population of 3,673,724 souls. 1877. W. W. H. table of contents: districts of gayA and shAhAbAd. District of Gay! — PAGES Topography and General Aspects, . 17-28 Area and Boundaries, . 17-18 Jurisdiction, . 18 Physical Aspects, . 18-19 Hills, 19 River System, .... 19-23 River Traffic and Fisheries, . 23-25 Lines of Drainage, .... 25 Mineral Products, .... 25-26 Forest and Jungle Products, . 26-27 Ferae Naturas, .... 28 The People, ..... 28-82 Population, including the Census of 1872, . 28-32 Ethnical Division of the People, . 32-34 Immigration and Emigration, . 34-35 List of Castes, .... 35-38 Religious Division of the People, . 39"4i Division of the People into Town and Country, 41-42 List of Towns and Villages, etc., . 42-65 TABLE OF CONTENTS. District of ShAhAbad — continued. Topography and General Aspects — continued. PAGES Physical Aspect, . 158-159 Hills, ...... 159-160 River System, .... 160-167 Fisheries, . 167 Lines of Drainage, .... 168 Canals, .168-172 Jungle Products, '. 172-176 Minerals, ..... 176-179 Ferae Naturae, . 179-180 The People, ..... 180-229 Population, including the Census of 1872, . 180-183 Ethnical Division of the People, . 183-186 Immigration and Emigration, 186-188 Aboriginal Tribes, . 188- 191 List of Castes, .... 191-201 Religious Division of the People, 201-202 Division of the People into Town and Country, 202-203 List of Towns and Places of Historical Interest, 204-217 The Mutiny in Shahabad, . 217-219 Village Institutions and Officials, . 219-223 Material Condition of the People, Dress, Dwell ings, Food, Amusements, etc, . 223-229 Agriculture, ..... 229-250 List of Crops, .... 229 Soils, ...... 229-230 Rice Cultivation, .... 230-232 Other Cereals, .... 233-234 Other Crops, .... 234-237 TABLE OF CONTENTS. ii District of Shahabad — continued. Agriculture — continued. PAGES Indigo Cultivation, .... 237-238 Cultivated Area, Out-turn of Crops, etc., . 238-240 Condition of the Peasantry, . 240 Domestic Animals and Agricultural Implements, 240-243 Wages and Prices, .... 243-245 Weights and Measures, 245 Land Tenures, .... 245-246 Landless Day-Labourers, . 246-247 Rates of Rent, .... 247-248 Manure, ..... 248-249 Irrigation, ..... 249-250 Rotation of Crops, . 250 Natural Calamities, 250-255 Blights and Floods, . 408 Droughts, 251 The Famine of 1866, . 251-253 The Famine of 1873-74, 253-254 Famine Warnings, 255 Foreign and Absentee Landlords, 255 Means of Communication, Manufactures, Commerce, Institutions, etc., . 255-271 Roads, .... 255-257 Railways, .... 257 Manufactures,. 257-263 Commerce and Trade, 263-269 Capital and Interest, 269-270 Local Institutions, 270-271 10 TABLE OF CONTENTS. District of Shahabad — continued. Topography and General Aspects — continued. Physical Aspect, . 158-159 Hills, ...... 159-160 River System, .... 160-167 Fisheries, . 167 Lines of Drainage, 168 Canals, . 168-172 Jungle Products, .... 172-176 Minerals, ..... 176-179 Ferae Naturae, .... 179-180 The People, ..... 180-229 Population, including the Census of 1872, . 180-183 Ethnical Division of the People, . 183-186 Immigration and Emigration, 186-188 Aboriginal Tribes, .... 1 88-191 List of Castes, .... 191-201 Religious Division of the People, . 201-202 Division of the People into Town and Country, 202-203 List of Towns and Places of Historical Interest, 204-217 The Mutiny in Shahabad, . 217-219 Village Institutions and Officials, 219-223 Material Condition of the People, Dress, Dwell ings, Food, Amusements, etc., . 223-229 Agriculture, ..... 229-250 List of Crops, .... 229 Soils, ...... 229-230 Rice Cultivation, .... 230-232 Other Cereals, .... 233-234 V Other Crops, .... 234-237 ERRATUM. Page 76, 3 lines from foot, for " Rs. 4-8 or 9s., " read " Rs. 3-8or 7s." I SHALL be grateful for any corrections or suggestions which occur to the reader. They may be addressed to me, at the India Office, Westminster. W. W. H. INTRODUCTORY NOTE. WEIGHTS AND MEASURES. The local weights and measures are given in detail at pp. 98-100, and 245. In some instances, in the following volume, these weights and measures have been converted into their English equi valents, and the native names have not been added.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Chapter--- 2 Chapter-2
    CHAPTER--- 2 CHAPTER-2 THE LAND AND THE PEOPLE THE REGION The District of Maida was a part of Jalpaiguri Division in the state of West Bengal. It is located in the northern sector of the state of West Bengal. The District is formed by northern sector of the river Ganges and included in the delta formed by river Ganges and Mahananda, the two most vital rivers of the district. It occupies a strategic position in the administrative map of West Bengal for its location and communication facilities. It appears that in the District of Maida, there is a small town named "Old Maida" and it is commonly followed that the district has been derived from this town. The word "Old Maida" comes from the Arabic word 'Mal' which means 'capital' or 'wealth.' So Maida in Arabic indicates a place where financial transactions were performed and where wealth is concentrated in the hands of a large number of persons. Maida has a very rich past of its own. The history of the district is interlinked with different periods of history. In 1813, Maida was created as a new District in Bengal , outlying portion of Purnea and Dinajpur district by the British authority. But it formally became an independent administrative unit only in 1859. In that year Maida District was formed with PS Sahibganj, Kaliachak, Bholahat and Gurguriabag of the district ofPumea in Bihar, Maida and Bamongola from the District ofDinajpur, and Rohanpur and Chhupi from Rajshahi District of the present Bangladesh. Afterward some more police stations were created out of those police station areas.
    [Show full text]
  • Demp Kaimur (Bhabua)
    DEMP KAIMUR (BHABUA) SL SUBJECT REMARKS NO. 1 2 3 1. DISTRICT BRIEF PROFILE DISTRICT POLITICAL MAP KEY STATISTICS BRIEF NOTES ON THE DISTRICT 2. POLLING STATIONS POLLING STATIONS LOCATIONS AND BREAK UP ACCORDING TO NO. OF PS AT PSL POLLING STATION OVERVIEW-ACCESSIBILITY POLLING STATION OVERVIEW-TELECOM CONNECTIVITY POLLING STATION OVERVIEW-BASIC MINIMUM FACILITIES POLLING STATION OVERVIEW-INFRASTRUCTURE VULNERABLES PS/ELECTIORS POLLING STATION LOCATION WISE ACCESSIBILITY & REACH DETAILS POLLING STATION WISE BASIC DETAISLS RPOFILING AND WORK TO BE DONE 3. MANPOWER PLAN CADRE WISE PERSONNEL AVAILABILITY FOR EACH CATEGORY VARIOUS TEAMS REQUIRED-EEM VARIOUS TEAMS REQUIRED-OTHERS POLLING PERSONNEL REQUIRED OTHER PERSONNEL REQUIRED PERSONNEL REQUIRED & AVAILABILITY 4. COMMUNICATION PLAN 5. POLLING STAFF WELFARE NODAL OFFICERS 6. BOOTH LIST 7. LIST OF SECTOR MAGISTRATE .! .! .! .! !. .! Assembly Constituency map State : BIHAR .! .! District : KAIMUR (BHABUA) AC Name : 205 - Bhabua 2 0 3 R a m g a r h MOHANIA R a m g a r h 9 .! ! 10 1 2 ! ! ! 5 12 ! ! 4 11 13 ! MANIHAR!I 7 RUP PUR 15 3 ! 14 ! ! 6 ! 8 73 16 ! ! ! RATWAR 19 76 ! 2 0 4 ! 18 .! 75 24 7774 17 ! M o h a n ii a (( S C )) ! ! ! 20 23 DUMRAITH ! ! 78 ! 83 66 21 !82 ! ! .! 32 67 DIHARA 22 ! ! 68 ! 30 80 ! 26 ! 31 79 ! ! ! ! 81 27 29 33 ! RUIYA 70 ! 25 ! 2 0 9 69 ! 2 0 9 KOHARI ! 28 KAITHI 86 ! K a r g a h a r 85 ! 87 72 K a r g a h a r ! ! 36 35 ! 71 60 ! ! ! 34 59 52 38 37 ! ! ! ! 53 KAIMUR (BHABUA) BHABUA (BL) 64 ! ! 40 84 88 62 55 MIRIA ! ! ! ! BAHUAN 54 ! 43 39 !89 124125 63 61 ! !
    [Show full text]
  • Bhojpur 2019-20
    Ministry of Micro, Small & Medium Enterprises Government of India DISTRICT PROFILE BHOJPUR 2019-20 Carried out by MSME-Development Institute (Ministry of MSME, Govt. of India,) Patliputra Industrial Estate, Patna-13 Phone:- 0612-2262719, 2262208, 2263211 Fax: 06121 -2262186 e-mail: [email protected] Web- www.msmedipatna.gov.in Veer Kunwar Singh Memorial, Ara, Bhojpur Sun Temple, Tarari, Bhojpur 2 FOREWORD At the instance of the Development Commissioner, Micro, Small & Medium Enterprises, Government of India, New Delhi, District Industrial Profile containing basic information about the district of Bhojpur has been updated by MSME-DI, Patna under the Annual Plan 2019-20. It covers the information pertaining to the availability of resources, infrastructural support, existing status of industries, institutional support for MSMEs, etc. I am sure this District Industrial Profile would be highly beneficial for all the Stakeholders of MSMEs. It is full of academic essence and is expected to provide all kinds of relevant information about the District at a glance. This compilation aims to provide the user a comprehensive insight into the industrial scenario of the district. I would like to appreciate the relentless effort taken by Shri Ravi Kant, Assistant Director (EI) in preparing this informative District Industrial Profile right from the stage of data collection, compilation upto the final presentation. Any suggestion from the stakeholders for value addition in the report is welcome. Place: Patna Date: 31.03.2020 3 Brief Industrial Profile of Bhojpur District 1. General Characteristics of the District– Bhojpur district was carved out of erstwhile Shahbad district in 1992. The Kunwar Singh, the leader of the Mutineers during Sepoy Mutiny in 1857, was from district Bhojpur.
    [Show full text]
  • Administrative Statistics and District Census Tables, Part X-C
    CENSUS 1971 PART X-C ADMIN ISTRATIVE SE~IES 4-BIHAR . STATISTICS AND DISTRICT CENSUS TABLES DISTRICT CENSUS SHAHABAD HANDBOOK DISTRICT B.L.DAS OF THE INDIAN ADMINISTRATIVE SERVICE Director of Census Operations, Bihar i 971 CENSUS PUBLICATIONS, BIHAR (AU the Census Publicatio'os of the State will bear Series 4) General Report (Report on data yielded from P.C.A. and Table! on Mothel:.:tongue and Religion) General Report (Detailed ,analysis of the Demographic, Social, Cultural and Migration pattern) Part I-e Subsidiary Tables Part II.:.A General Population Tables (A-I, A-II~ A-III and A-IV and P.C.A.)* Part II-A Supplement General Population Tables (Standard Urban Areas)* Portrai t of Population * Part II-B (i) General Economic Tables (B-1 Part A and B-II)* Part II-B (ii) General Economic Tables CB-I Part B, B-III, B- IV and B-VII to B-IX)* Part II-B (iii) General Economic Tables (B-V and B-VI) * Part II-C (i) Social and Cultural Tables (C-VII and C-VIII) * Part II-C eii) Social and Cultural Tables (C·I to C-VI and Fertility Tables)t Part II.. D Migration Tables* Part IIT.. A Report on Establishments and Subsidiary Tables on Establishment Tables* Establishment Tables* Part IV Housing Report and Tables* Part V .. A Special Tables for Scheduled CasteS and Scheduled Tribes* Part VI-A Town Directory* Part VI-B Special Survey Reports on selected toWns! Part VI..Q Survey Reports on selected villages Part VIII-A Administration Report on Enum~ration * J For official use only Part VIII-B Administration Report on Tabulation Part IX Census Atlas* Part IX-A (i) Administrative Atlas relating to Patna and Tirhut Divisions* Part IX-A (ii) Administrative Atlas relating to Bhagalpur and Chotanagpur_ Divisions~~ Part X-A District Census Handbook (Town and Village Directory)** Part X-B District Census Handbook (Village and Townwise Primary CenSus Abstract)** Part x-a District Census Handbook (Analytical Report and Administra.
    [Show full text]
  • Tanks in Eastern India : a Study in Exploration
    TANKS IN EASTERN INDIA : A STUDY IN EXPLORATION NIRANJAN PANT R.K. VERMA IWMI-Tata Policy Research Program Hyderabad and Centre for Development Studies Lucknow OCTOBER 2010 This Study was supported under the IWMI Tata Water Policy Research Program (ITP) - 2004-2006 July 2010 © International Water Management Institute 2010 IWMI - Tata Water Policy Research Program 401/5, C/o ICRISAT, Patancheru 502 324 Andhra Pradesh http://www.iwmi.cgiar.org/iwmi-tata/default.aspx Disclaimer Views expressed in this book are those of the authors. They do not necessarily represent the views of the financial sponsors of this book. Citation Pant, N.; Verma, R. K. 2010. Tanks in Eastern India: a study in exploration. Hyderabad, India: International Water Management Institute, IWMI-TATA Water Policy Research Program; Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India: Centre for Development Studies. 232p. doi:10.5337/2010.228 Keywords Tanks / tank irrigation / fisheries / surveys / irrigated sites / ethnic groups / case studies / water market / colonialism / policy / Bihar / Jharkhand / West Bengal / Orissa / India ISBN No. 978-92-9090-731-2 Printed in Hyderabad, India Design, Typeset & Printed by Dhruti Design, Secunderabad II About the authors Niranjan Pant is Director, Centre for Development Studies, Lucknow since 1988. He has been doing research in the field of irrigation management since 1975. Initially he was associated with two research institutes, A. N.Sinha, Patna and Giri Institute, Lucknow. In addition, he has worked as a consultant/advisor to National and International organizations such as Ford Foundation, USAID, Planning Commission of India and TAHAL Consultants and the World Bank, Danish, Dutch, SIDA, and NORAD missions.
    [Show full text]
  • Implementation of Land Reforms
    Implementation of Land Reforms A Review by the Land Reforms Implementation Committee of the National Development Council Government of India Planning Commission New Delhi August, 1966 Table of contents page A review by the committee on Implementation of Land Reforms Annexure I — Reports of officers on implementation on land reforms 1 1. Andhra Pradesh 21 2. Assam 33 3. Bihar — First Report 42 4. Bihar — Second Report 48 5. Gujarat 57 6. Kerala 65 7. Madhya Pradesh 73 8. Madras 81 9. Maharashtra 88 10. Mysore — First Report 95 11. Mysore — Second Report 104 12. Orissa 109 13. Punjab 115 14, Rajasthan 121 15. Uttar Pradesh 129 16. West Bengal -First Report 136 17. Weal Bengal — Second Report 147 18. Himachal Pradesh 157 19. Goa 166 Annexure II — comments of state Government on reports of officers — 1. Andhra Pradesh 177 2. Assam 183 3. Gujarat 186 4. Kerala 194 5. Madhya Pradesh 196 6. Madras 202 7. Maharashtra 210 8. Orissa 219 9. Rajasthan 222 10. Uttar Pradesh 228 11. West Bengal 229 12. Himachal Pradesh 234 13. Goa 240 Annexure III — summary records of meetings of Implementation Committee 1. December 23, 1963 245 2. June 25, 1964 247 1 3. June 26, 1964 — Bihar 249 4. September 28, 1964— Madras, Maharashtra and Uttar Pradesh 251 5. October 27, 1964— Gujarat 254 6. May 4, 1965 — Rajasthan 256 7. October 27, 1965 — Meeting of Delhi members 257 8. December 4, 1965 — Proposals for Fourth Plan 259 9. July 21, 1966 — Andhra Pradesh, Orissa and Himachal Pradesh 263 Central Committee for Land Reform — June 23, 1964 — Mysore 264 Discussion between
    [Show full text]
  • GIPE-220961.Pdf
    lR&IOlTIOI STATISTICS or BRITISK IIDll Cl890 • 1946-47 K. B. PlDll GOIBALE IISTITUT! or POLITICS AID ECONOMICS, PUR 411 004 Irrigation Statistics of British ~ndia - Cl~90-J9&6147 ~. Preface Under the comprehensiYe project entitled 'Historical Statistics of India - First Phase' the ICSSR approyed a scheme aimed at building up a historical series of irriga• tion statistics wae submitted by the Institute in late 1979. Broadly, three kinds of such aeries were eou~ht to be built up 1 as proposed in the scheme. (a) ProYince-wise and district-wise areas irrigated (Cl890-1946/47) under goYern- ment canale 1 priYate canals 1 tanks 1 wells and other sources. (b) ProYince-wise and district-wise areas or crops irrigated (1920·1946/47) under rice 1 wheat 1 barley1 maise 1 jowar and other serials and non-food crops1 and (c) Financial results of irrigation projects. The first two 1 namely (a) and (b) of the aboYeo haye been completed. The third was subsequently dropped as (i) on maturer retlections1 it was feared that it would develop into a major research work by itself inYolYing considerable reading, computation and analysis. The deci­ sion was taken by the Project Director in consultation with the research worker, an economic historian and the initial formulator of the echeoe. He also left the 2 Institute subsequently; (ii) part (c) ot the scheme could not be fitted into or presented aa a 'aeriea' tor both the teaching community and the researchers in the field et ;" India as originally concaiyed by the Project Director and (iii) the principal objectiye ot historical statistics, by definition.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Book
    v^y^l \oi\mi^''^ ' 'iOJITVD AWEUNIVERJ/a >^lOSANCELfj> ~ o -n <-» O u- <ril30NVS01^ %a3AINn-3U^ ;^\tLlCK/\KT-6/ \\ULM\ t:\ 55 < ^ so ^<!/0JllV3JO^ ^<»0dllV3J0>' ^FCALIFO/?^ ^OFCALIFO/?^ <^ K /^~'^ -- 30 :^ ^. A;lvaall•i^' 7^3Q^YS01 ,\\^EUNIVERy//; sNlOSA'^CFlf f < o i) a - ,\E UNIVERi-/ OS-ANrflfi r< ^ILIBRARYQ^ so C5 -^ i 7 A- ;$ ^JOJIIVJJO'^ '^<!/ojnvjjo^ ^OFCAIIFO/? ^^4^^i ^lOSANCflfjv ^OFCAIIFO/?^ ^OFCAIIfO/?^ rjNvsoi^ "^/sa^AiNn ]v\v ^^LOS>lSC[lfx^ i/tJ '-^1 i<S^ -^ "^aUJIlV.lJO ^1 ^lOSANCr ^^1 |5h' ^AaaAiNn]wv^ ^\\^[l)NIVER% ^j^lOSANCEIfr vvT IIBRARY^/^ ^^illBRARYQ^ /Jl ~^ c ^HQi\m. CAIIFO/?^ ^OFCAIIFO/?^^ veslllBRARV^'A •\\0/ AWE UNIVERSy/v ^lOSANCEia^ o ^J, o '^<!/0JnV3 JOV %a3AiNa3WV^ ^0FCAIIF0,V(> AllFO% ^^W£ l)NIVER5/^ ^lOSANCElfj}^ $\ ^ TRUBNER'S ORIENTAL SERIES TRUBNER'S ORIENTAL SERIES POPULAR RE-ISSUE AT A UNIFORM PRICE Deiny Svo, dark green cloth, gilt ALBERUNI: India. An account of the Religion. Philo- sophy Literature, Geography, Chronology, Astronomy, Customs, Laws and Astrology of India, about A.D. 1030. By Dr. Edward C. Sachau. ARNOLD (Sir E.): Indian Poetry, and Indian Idylls. Containing ' The Indian .Song of Songs,' from the Sanskrit of the Gita Govinda of Jayadeva; Two Books from 'The Iliad of India' (Mahabharata); 'Proverbial Wisdom,' from the Shlokas of the Hitopadesa, and other Oriental Poems. BARTH (Dr. A.) : The Religions of India. Authorised Translation by Rev. J. Wood. BIGANDET (B. P.) : Life or Legend of Guadama, the Buddha of the Burmese ; with Annotations, the Ways to Neib- ban, and the Notice on the Phongyies or Burmese Monks. BEAL (Prof. S.) : Life of Hiuen-Tsiang. i^y the Shamans Hwui Li and Yen-Tsung.
    [Show full text]
  • Why Dominant Parties Decline: Evidence from India's Green
    Why Dominant Parties Decline: Evidence from India’s Green Revolution* Aditya Dasgupta† Abstract Political scientists disagree whether economic growth strengthens or weakens dominant party regimes, the most common form of authoritarianism today. This paper reconciles competing arguments and develops a new theoretical explanation on the basis of a histor- ical natural experiment: the impact of the green revolution on single-party dominance in India. In contrast to modernization theory’s focus on rising incomes, I argue that changes in the economy which provide incentives for regime outsiders to capture the state can con- tribute to democratization. Fixed effects and instrumental variable analyses of panel data on high-yielding variety (HYV) crop adoption connected to 22,000 state and 3,000 parlia- mentary election races between 1957 and 1987 suggest that the green revolution accounted for half of the dominant Congress party’s long-run decline. The democratizing effect of the green revolution was due to the increasing value of agricultural subsidies, which agri- cultural producers sought to capture by supporting agrarian opposition parties. By con- trast, the green revolution caused no shift in the caste of elected MPs and income increases on their own resulting from rainfall shocks improved the dominant party’s election perfor- mance, ruling out modernization theory. The findings highlight a new class of explanations for why dominant parties decline. *For valuable feedback, I thank Sam Asher, Rikhil Bhavnani, Dipak Dasgupta, Daniel Esser, Devesh Kapur, John Marshall, Nathan Nunn, James Robinson, Prerna Singh, Steven Wilkinson, George Yin, Daniel Ziblatt, Adam Ziegfeld and seminar participants at Harvard, Yale, and the American Political Science Association Annual Meet- ing, 2013.
    [Show full text]
  • Brandon-Jones Langur Taxonomy 5Jul04.Pmd
    PAPER ZOOS' PRINT JOURNAL 19(8): 1552-1594 A TAXONOMIC REVISION OF THE LANGURS AND LEAF MONKEYS (PRIMATES: COLOBINAE) OF SOUTH ASIA Douglas Brandon-Jones 32a Back Lane, Richmond, Surrey TW10 7LF, United Kingdom Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT evident as the workshop progressed, but discussion with the Over 300 study specimens from Chicago, Kolkata, Leiden, participants, and an impromptu visit to the Annamalai Hills, Tamil London, Mumbai, New York, Paris and Washington DC are Nadu, clarified some of the issues. Seizing the opportunity of combined with a literature survey to review the taxonomy of Semnopithecus johnii, S. entellus and S. priam. Simia johnii the stopover at Mumbai, five days were spent examining the Fischer, 1829 is declared a nomen protectum. The 15 valuable colobine collection accrued by the Bombay Natural subspecies Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1966) recognized History Society (BNHS), including 56 hanuman langur for Semnopithecus entellus are reduced to seven subspecies specimens (33 skins and skulls, 10 skins only, and 13 skulls for S. entellus and two for S. priam. Type specimens are only). Together with the 146 specimens (101 skins and skulls, 13 documented, pelage colour variation described, and the nomenclature and subspecific geographic distributions skins only, and 32 skulls only) at the Natural History Museum, discussed. Two previously recognized subspecies are London (ZD); the three skulls at the Odontological Museum, reinterpreted as hybrid populations of S. entellus and S. Royal College of Surgeons, London; two skins and skulls, and johnii. The central Indian S. entellus anchises, previously three skulls at the National Museum of Natural History, Leiden; suspected as being only an intermediate between one skin and skull, and three skins at the American Museum of subspecies, is found to occupy a substantial discrete distribution.
    [Show full text]
  • United States. National Quarantine in Porto Rico
    Treasury Department, United States Marine-Hospital Servioe. Published in accordance with act of Congress approved February 15,189& VOL. XV. WASHINGTON, D. C., MAY 4, 1900. No. 18. UNITED STATES. NATIONAL QUARANTINE IN PORTO RICO. [PUBLIC-NO. 69.] AN ACT Temporarily to provide revenues and a civil government for Porto Rico, and for other purposes. Be it enacted by the Senate and HIomse of Representatives of the United Stes of America in Congress asembled, * * * * * * * BEC. 10. That quarantine stations shall be established at such places in Porto Rico as the Supervising Surgeon-General of the Marine-Hos- pital Service of the United States shall direct, and the quarantine regulations relating to the importation of diseases from other countries shall be under the control of the Government of the United States. * * * * * * * SEC. 41. That this Act shall take effect and be in force from and after the first day of May, nineteen hundred. Approved, April 12, 1900. NATIONAL QUARANTINE IN HAWAII. [PUBLIc-No. 82.] AN ACT To provide a government for the Territory of Hawaii. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Bepresentatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, * * * * * * * SEC. 97. That quarantine stations shall be established at such places in the Territory of Hawaii as the Supervising Surgeon- General of the Marine-Hospital Service of the United States shall direct, and the quar- antine regulations for said islands relating to the importation of diseases from other countries shall be under the control of the Government of the United States. The quarantine station and grounds at the harbor of Honolulu, together with all the public property belonging to that 79 1039 May 4, 1900 1040 service, shall be transferred to the Marine-Hospital Service of the United States, and said quarantine grounds shall continue to be so used and employed until the station is changed to other grounds which may be selected by order of the Secretary of the Treasury.
    [Show full text]
  • District Profile Bhojpur Introduction
    DISTRICT PROFILE BHOJPUR INTRODUCTION Bhojpur district is one of the thirty-eight districts of the state of Bihar situated in western Bihar. Bhojpur comprises of four sub-divisions of Buxar, Ara Sadar, Jagdishpur and Piro. Bhojpur came into existence in 1992. Earlier this district was part of old Sahabad district. Bhojpur district retains close linkage with its parent district Shahabad. With the elevation of Buxar sub-division as a separate district in 1992, the present day Bhojpur district consisting of three sub-divisions, came into existence. Bhojpur district is bounded by the districts of Chapra, Rohtas, Patna, Jahanabad Arwal, Buxar and district Ballia of Uttar Pradesh. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND It is said that the name Ara is derived from the Sanskrit word 'ARANYA', which means forest and Aranya Devi, the forest goddess was worshipped as the deity goddess. According to Hindu mythology, sage Vishwamitra –the Guru of Lord Rama, had his hermitage in the ancient city of Arrah . The famous Chinese pilgrim traveller HIEUN-TSANG and Greek records also refer to the region. In 1764, the historic battle of Buxar fought in Ara between the East India Company and the alliance forces of Mir Kasim, the Nawab of Bengal, Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II and Shuja-ud-daulla , the Nawab of Avadh, saw the fall of the Mughal empire in India and the beginning of British colonization of India. During India’s First War of Independence in 1857, popularly known as Sepoy Mutiny, when the Indian army of "British Fauz" declared their independence at Danapur and proceeded to Jagdishpur presently a sub-division of Bhojpur district, the eighty years old zamindar of Jagdishpur, Babu Kunwar Singh , immediately took command of that revolutionary army and captured the English Treasury at Ara, released the prisoners from Ara Jail and besieged the English officers stationed in Ara.
    [Show full text]